/ I 1 960 • Messages • World Forestry and Foresters -Thomo.s Gill • The University and Industrial Development -Jose C. Locsin • A Scholarship Program For Forestry -Amando M. DaLisay • Forest Land vs. Agricultural Land -Rufino A. Sabado • Kraft Papers From Philippine Fibrous Materials -Manuel R. Monsalud Jaime 0 . Escolano · • An Introduction to Photogrammetry -Bernhard Send • Why Not Seediings from Selected Seeds? -Rosales A . Juni • Transporting Logs by Splash Dams in Agusan -Bernardo C. Agaloos • A Dynamic Meaning of Forestry in the Light of Human Evolution -Nguyen Hoang Dam • U .P. College of ForGstry - Cornell University Assistance Contract­ Its Mission and Accomplishments -Florencio P. Mauricio • Why the Makiling National Park Should Be Transferred to the University of the Philippines -Angelo G. Mordeno • A Career in Forestry - for You?

• Literary Attempts* * * • College Notes • B. F. Notes • Forestry in the News • FPRI Highlights • Abstracts and Excerpts • Sunshine Comer • From the Mailbag • Editorials • Incidentally • Alumni Directory /

) '. A..o-'°' .·,~

MESSAGE

Through this commencement issue of FORESTRY LEAVES, I congratulate with deep pleasure the graduates of the U.P. College of Forestry.

Your specialized training makes you better equipped to engage in a truly constructive endeavor: the protection of the wealth contained in our forests as you also see to it that our wood products are utilized in the best way possible. May you therefore make full use, in your chosen lifework, of your industry and indi­ vidual capabilities. I am confident that as you faithfully execute your duties in the future, you will be gratified by the thought that your task is of considerable importance to the economic welfare of the nation.

I reiterate my congratulations to the Class of 1959, U .P College of Forestry, and wish them all success.

;-e ~ ot"" L:;)~ ...... ~ '~n~nes ~ublic of flte Jltilippims @ffice of tip Jreaibent of tqe ~emtb

MESSAGE

I extend warm felicitations to t.be members of tbe graduating class of the College of Forestry of tbe University of the Philippines. I urge the graduates of the College tbis year to make their c011111encement exercises an occasion tor a solemn reded.1cation to the task ot nat1on­ bu1ld1ng in which all citizens must participate. The graduates specifically. have a very important role to play !n nation-building. for on them reete the responsibility ot preserving and at the same time utilizing the i1D111ense forest wealth found in our country. Emphasis now should be on preserva­ tion. considering the manner in which our forest resources are being exploited. The graduates have been trained in forestl"J work. It is not tor me to counsel them along tech­ nical lines. I only wish to urge them to do their utmost. utilize their knowledge very well. so that the Ph1lippines may continue to be tbe richest country -- trom the viewpoint of forest resources -­ in the world tor many more decades and centuries to come.

Manila. Philippines H.B.No.I

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MANILA

OFFICE OF THE SHAUii ------MBSSAGB

I anil 111111.. lf of thi8 opportwU.t;r to co1an7 111111 moat ..artfelt felicitaticma to t ....llbera of the paduatiq claaa of the College of hroat17, binrait;r of t.. Plailipp:Lua. I - particularl;r gratified tbat tbe graduatH baYe elaoaea fonat17 aa their life'• calling, for tba co... rntiOR and atili.. tiOR of oar foreat roaoarcea ia a CORtimaiag ob;Sectin of oar pYerame1at tbat do• ••rYH tba aapport not oal;r of the geaeral citisoD171 ht -ro partic11larl;r1 of tboae ••peciall;r tra:lud iD the llisbl1' teelaaical work of doriYiq fl'Oll oar foreata the ..zt9119 of atilit;r with ••ni..., coat and ...t •• tllaia ia a taak wlliclt I lmow t.. -llb•r• of tbe 1951 graduatiq clau will perform with the biglaeat offi· ci•DC1' and dodicatio1a and witb full fidelit;r to tba loft;r idoala of their Al99 Mater. •••l•- to aa;r, I ban •Y•l7 hope for tbair aac• c••• iD tba mrarciao of their elaoaoa profoaaiOR and ia tbair anremi.ttiq endeaYor to in--t• the -uoaal eeo­ ...,,-. Btpufllic of tbe tlbflippfnell aep11rlllltnl of l!Jgdrallan anll .ftalaral ll- efficr of tbr &rcrdatp -anna

Trees are -.n1s best friend. Prem its fruits w draw aur food; trom its bark we derive our clothu; and its trunka yield lumber for our shelter. Indeed, ve17 few of our natural walth 1a so embracing in utilit;r as our forests. 'l'his patrimo117 howner is being threatened to extincticn not only by encroachment of kaingineros but b7 the more des­ tructive practice of so!llB concessionaires in cutting excess logs that are later left to rot in rivers and JDOWltainsidea. It takes scores of 7eara to grow a tree to conmercial girth and maturit7. But an ambitious man in a hur17 to make mon97 could axe it dow in a matter of five minutes at tbe elq>81lse of fUture generations.

'1'he U.P. College of Forest17 is the only one of its kind in the world which is located in jungle lands where students are in the mid.at of the knowledge th97 seek to imbibe. Basic­ ally, the training of our forestry students is geared towards the optiDllm ut:!.lization of our forest products and the refores­ tation of denuded areas. No doubt m&IJ7 alumi of the College have distinguished themselves in the proper managcent of our forest resources. In developing our forest reserves, the public, particularly the concessionaires, should gear their irograms and activities towards its pro.>per and wise utilization through the guidance of such leaders as the graduates of the College of Forestry. I trust that this 79ar's graduates of the College of Forestry will be better equipped to face the trials of their profession. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CJTY

?Giil 1d.ll llOOD shp out. of the Uninrllity to pract.ice

,our cheeen prof•G.•. I know of no other group of grad.-

11&te• 1lbo are bet.ter prepared than JOU to rmder a definite eenice te ov Cb11ntrT. I AT thia not te natter JOU but to illpreee llpoll 1ft the 'ft.l.ue and the urgmc7 of your aaeigmlent.

Our forest reaourcee are rapidly dwindling. Respon­ a1.bl.e qaartere AT that oar trees are being cut do'ICI. at an al..armlDg rate. WitbiD a generation. these sources say• our m1llltaiD8 1d.ll be bar•• unless we aw.Ice to the danger and take quick prnmtiTe step•. To replace our timber assets require• a lone anrl ard'UOUs task. To guard th• is a challenge to JOU• It will be your direct responsibil1t7 as trained foresters. ranger•• and guardiana of our forest• to pat a bal.t te the lallton destl'llct.ion of natural resourcee.

We -.mestlT tNst that JOU pe:rtona J9Ul' dut.7 in this respect ld. th dftl:>tioD and courage. ,.

CO)IJllSSION ON APPOINTllENTS

CoXlllT'rm OJC FoallDI An~ QIJnuna OJI Junxs ¥" Oolallnm - ICna&nDX Oollxrrra O!f cmL SDIIC& CD...nm: -a Pnuc WC19D ColUllftm OJf 1119csl.1.0CDU9 ColUll'na 01' BAILWAD

I am very hapw to be able to extend a message to the gra­ duating class, as I shall be able to ext.end to ,-ou, individual.17 and collectively, my congratulations on ,-our graduation and my earnest wish that you dedicate ,-ourselves to the service of our country. The rise and fall of nations is just like the story of how their forest resources had been conserved, developed, and exploited. Realizing this, you can serve then our country with the benefit of the experience of the past. On my part, I shall cooperate with you in the making of laws to give life to the objective stated in our Constitituion "to e.tablish a go­ vernment that shall x x x conserve and develop the patrimony or the nation. 11 Presently, I hav'e presented H. Bill No. 2136 pro­ viding tor the sale of the foreign e:xchange receipts in public auction with preference to Filipinos, and the profits on the sale of 30% ot the foreign exchange receipts over end above the ratio of 31.00 to P2.00 is automat.ical.17 appropriated for the promotion of agriculture and conservation and developnent of natural resources. This measure will solve our foreign e:xchange trouble; drive away infiuence feddler11 and grafters, and is a sure boom to agriculture and the conservation am development ot our natural resources.

Again, I wish you good luck in the future. llBPUBUC OF THE PHILIPPINES mpAJITXEllT OF AGlllCULTUllE AJfD llATVllAL llEBOVJICEll BUREAU OF FORESTRY MAJIJLA 111-mucro•...-·- - or rounlll' Z - lfeHage (U.P., College of PorestrJ') March 20, 1959

HESSAGB

Todq, as I congratulate the graduates of the College of Pare11tr7 of the Un1Tereit7 of the Philippines, I wish to stress the importance of the foreet17 profeesion.

lf1aan and natural resourcu are the tw most important resources of a coun't17. Human resources is the lmowledge of the people to develop the countey1s natural wealth. Al.though forestrJ' lacke the glamour found in other profeHions, it bears with it the dignit7 of being one of the bases of other industries that help bolster a well-balanced national economy. Your lmow­ ledge in forestey, therefore, adds importance to the JIUU11'-f'aceted­ programs of t he government to hamess human resources in de­ veloping our cowitey1s natural wealth for the benefit of the people.

Qir forests is one of the most vllluable resources or our countrJ'. And forestry means "continuit7 9f production" for all time. AIJ 70u leave the portals of' the College, bear in mind that the saae spirit and ideals tree13' imbued to 7ou b,y the institution will carey ;you through. 'l'he trtMt significance or forestry does not lie in the successtul termination of the quest for lmowledge, but rather in the wq the acquired wisdom is shared for the benefit of the countey and posterit7,

'}v.i,_ Q. ~.--- FKLIPE R. AMOS Director of Forestey Universit~r of the Philippines COI.J..'"G' OF f'ORl<''lTRY College, Laguna

- >~ F. S S A G E -

The prejudice against any proteHion that hae to do with the soil dat•!S back to ~panish times. Iti. force was so great that during the earl7 days of American occupation the pioneer Alll8ricP.n foresters had to offer pensionadoshipe in order to attract :ycung 111en to a eimilarl7,yowip, profession.

T:llllea han chanr,ed, and with them the pdJ'euit of rorestr:y and agriculture. Biological •cienoe and the managerial arts now ill~ne, enlarge, and increasingly diaplace the •illple husbandr:y or• generation or tvo ago. Man becomes leH and lees a slave of nature; more and more he gravs into an underate.rding partner. St.ill soma f'roJ!I the higher val k8 or lite cl. ing to the old idea that only thoee from the lCMtr social orders seek Rd!!t.iaaion to the Los Bafioe e&11pw1911. forestry, in this v!ev, is a less dignified pro­ feHion than lav, medicine or engineering, all of which have great appeal tor the 7oung men or our countr:y. So d1gnit7 of ..n baa a tvo-fol.d eaphaaia for the forester. It dignit7 be no external thing but the quality of heart and soul and ll!ind that bears the stamp of nobility, perhape torestr:y need not wfter in comparison with other profeHiona. For here is a calling wherein men are compelled to think not oni,. of the preHnt but of tbe distant future. The di•naions or forest land -.nage­ •nt are measured in no s•ll unite but in kilometers and de cad"". Man's vieion grove and his aelfiehaees dvindlea as he voru vith tree• that wre 7oung vith his granf'ather'• father, vhen be pl.ante or protect• tor people he vill never ... • He senses hUll'.ani t:y as a continuing •treaa with each generation tree to use the rennable reaoarces of the earth but obligated to pHa theC' unimpaired to their ohildren. Though his own contribution •Y be humble hi• pro­ teedon '• task, in tultllling that obligation, 1e not.

So 1111cb tor the forester'• ow senee or dign:f.ty1 vbat of the •n t. Hrna? Man-the COlllllOD-is able to achieve human dignit7 onl7 ae be ris.. abon the level of anbal existence; when t. baa at leaat ll09lnt• for contemplation and inepiration from hie eurround.­ ing•. Such eecape is difficult, for exaapl.e, in ruined laadecapH where ..n till• parched fields, gnba roots from eroding M.11• for fuel, and ebeltere in m189rable buts. Continued freedom ~o• acute want, in •111' parta or the world, 18 cloeel.7 linked vith foreat con•nation. Aga!n, the forest ranlm with the eea aa an ob~ect of ma'• contemplation and vonder1 and greater lmowledp onl7 enlarge• the opportunit,. for wonder. !be toreater looking up from h18 path .... it leading toward• freedom and beaut," for •111' MD. World Forestry and Foresters 1 By THOMAS GILL2

I am always very happy when I can early training in forestry. In Hongkong speak to an aµdience such as this because today, there is a man who was one year then I can speak on my two favorite sub­ ahead of me in forestry. He is now Presi­ jects - forestry and foresters. But this dent of Chung Chi College and in the United morning I would like to talk about for­ States I know at least two foresters who estry not as a job but as one of the world's have been governors of states. basic professions. And I would like to Now it is true that some aspects of talk to you about foresters not just as forestry are new and others wili be dev­ men working at different, seemingly unre­ eloped long after all of us are gone. A lated tasks but as a united group which little later, I would tell you one of the new have grown into a kind of world brother­ and promising developments. It is known hood. To begin with, there is a general as world forestry. But just now I want feeling that forestry is something new. Ac­ to emphasize that forestry is an old estab­ tually, it is quite old. There were. forestry lished and long recognized profession which principles established in Ancient Greece. in many countries p~ays a leading role in The Chinese had forestry laws 2,000 years the national economy. But because for­ ago. The Assyrians, the Egyptians had estry is well established and has taken its forestry laws and there were fore&t regula­ place in the national life, you must not tions among the Aztec Indians long before believe that it has settled down into a con­ the Spaniards landed. Some of those for­ servative middle-age attitude and that there est regulations of the Aztecs were pretty is no longer the thrill and incentive of new rugged. One of them provided that if you discoveries. Because that wouldn'~ be true. cut down a tree protected by the govern­ The growing of trees, the proper use of ment your head was cut off and placed on the soil, are very complex things. And the stump, probably as a warning not to there is no danger that we will imswer all do again. And I think some of the Mex­ the problems about the best way to build ican foresters today wish that this regula­ forests and to use wood, if we work hard tion was still in effect. for the next thousand years. In Germany in the days of the emperors We still have so much to learn. Even and the kings, forestry was one of the few regarding our most important timber trees. honored professions. The only three pro­ There are great gaps in our knowledge today fessional men that were allowed at the and very often nature seems to take de­ royal courts in those days were the clergy, light in keeping her ways secret from us. the doctors and foresters. In modern times For example, the British foresters in Tri­ foresters have become prominent in the af­ nidad near South America have been work­ fairs of many countries. In Finland, a for­ ing for over fifty years to find out what ester has been prime minister. Many col­ conditions are most suitable for growing lege presidents are men who have had their Spanish cedar, one of the valuable woods

1 Address delivered at a special convocation held January 22, 195

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 1 of the world. But they have not found bring out some new use for wood. Wood out yet. In the man-made plantations where already is the most versatile material in the they try to grow it, Spanish cedar either world. There is no other substance on earth sulks and refuses to grow or develops dis­ that ·gives food, fuel, fibers, chemical deri­ eases or suddenly springs up and twi :ts it­ vatives, and an endless number of structural self into fantastic forms that have no com­ materials. Some years ago, the forest pro­ mercial value. Teak is another wood that ducts laboratories in my country tried to is giving endless trouble. Some years ago, make a census of the different use<> of wood. foresters in South America imported seeds Finally, when they reached the count of of teak from India. Now teak is & valuable forty-five hundred different uses and no end tropical species and the hope wa~ that it in sight, they gave it up. So if any of you would do well in South America, and form who are going into forestry have tears that a basis for a new export trade. Well for all the problems are solved, either about for­ the first four or five years, it grew mar­ est management or wood utilization, I think velously and everyone was enthusiastic over you can dismiss them. On the great attrac­ the possibilities. Then suddenly it stopped tion that forestry lies in that very fact. and no one knows why. It appa:-ently did Ahead of us there is always a va5t domain not like the ways foresters were treating of the unknown, countless opportunities for it or didn't like South America. But the new discoveries, better methods and better plants just stood still and the hopes for ways of making the forest serve mankind. exporting high grade teak died. There is another misconception about And even where forestry has been long forestry that I would like to talk of for 1 established, we have still much to learn. think it hurts forestry itself and may keep And in matters of the soil and products some men from entering the profession. And of the soil you usually learn the hard way that is the belief held by some that for­ In Germany, for instance, a country which estry is a vague, mysterious and even im­ for years led the world in forest practice practical sort of thing. Actually, there is and in forest research, foresters made the nothing mysterious about it and certainly mistake of planting pure spruce for genera­ nothing can be more intensely practical than tion after generation. They would plant a science whose goal and purpose is to spruce and harvest spruce and plant more make the forests of the world of the high­ spruce and after a few generations the est use to the world's peoples. Forestry growth fell off and the quality deteriorated. is no more vague and mysterious than agri­ Nature was rebelling against that sort of culture. Both have the same broad objec­ treatment and demanded a little variety. So tive- the best permanent use of the soil. those days the German foresters are plant­ The main difference between them is in ing beach and other species in with spruce the time element and in the fact that they and getting much better results but it cost deal or should deal with different types them thirty or forty years of wasted work, of soil. before they learned that secret. Nor should there be any conflict between So there are new problems, new oppor­ agriculture and forestry. They ar-:: not com­ tunities, always coming up to challenge the forester to keep him on his toes, to keep petitive. And in many countries if agri­ his interest alive and to point continually culture is to permanently prosper there must better ways of managing the forests. And be a reasonable balance between land for that is even more true in dealing with the crops and land for forestry. Forests are the great forest product that we call wood. Nev­ great ally of agriculture in regions where er a year goes by, I suppose, that does not the stabilization of upland soil is recessary

Page 2 FORESTRY LEAVES to prevent the loss of agricultural land by slide and nature had given another costly erosion and flood. lesson in the proper use of land. One of the great tragedies 'lf Mexico Some countries have learned this bitter lies in the fact that tree cutting in the high lesson and have classified their lands accord­ upland forests has led to floods and ero­ ing to whatever use is permanently best sion that bring down the silt and cover for the national life, and for tht: national the croplands in the valley. So that each economy. This generally, means that the year Mexico has 600 thousand more mouths better more fertile soils are devoted to agri­ to feed and less and less agricultural lands culture and the upland steep shallow soils to grow food on. Throughout the world devoted to forestry. This in very simple and throughout the centuries attempts to form is the concept of integrated land use, establish and grow crops on forest lands a concept that the forester must learn and have always ended in disaster. Disaster practice. to the forest, to the crops, and t1J the soil Now sometimes back, I told you that al­ itself. It has been one of the costliest though the principles of forestry are old, errors man has ever made and is ~till mak­ certain aspects of it are new and I want ing. For in some region it means death to talk a little now about one of the newer to the soil. It means the creation of man­ and more promising aspects - world fores­ made deserts. A permanent liability in­ try. You know without my telling you stead of a permanent asset. that year by year the world is &hrinking. I saw the result of this mistaken agri­ And now with the coming of jets it is culture in japan once where a wide strip shrinking faster still. But forestry which had been cleared of all its timber from is a universal science is not confined by the boHom of the valley to the very ridge national boundary lines. Indeed, there are top. Nothing was left on that strip but many forestry problems that can only be the tree stumps. And among the stumps solved by international action. Problems they had planted agricultural crops. Then like mutual protection against forest fires as the years went by, men began to point or tree quarantine or trade compacts where out that the strip of land steep as it was it is absolutely necessary for the foresters and bare of all tree was just as stable as of two or more nations come together and the forested areas on both sides. There reach agreements. was a little more erosion perhaps but the And forestry is not concerned with race soil even though filled with rain to satura­ or national attitudes. One of the joys of tion showed no tendency to creep. So the forestry profession is this community here apparently, was a contradiction of the of purpose, this following of comn10n ideals, need for trees as soil stabilizer. But seven all over the world, speak a common lan­ years after that cutting, the ground again guage, following a common cause. The for­ was soaked with one of Japan's torrential ester's loyalty is to nature's laws. For we rains and suddenly the whole strip slid down know that when we break them, trouble into the valley while the uncut forested usually follows. So I think it is a great areas on both sides held firm. All the crops mistake when foresters allow themselves to on that strip were destroyed, as well as be divided by politics or national rivalries. much of the riceland, in the valley be­ For as followers of a world profe3sion, our neath. You may already have guessed allegiance is to the good earth. The for­ what happened. The roots of the cut trees ester should be guided by one principle, had been holding that soil in place 11.ll during "How Can I Help Make the Forest Serve those seven years. But when these roots the Greatest Human Good?" It is this creed finally disintegrated down came the land- which in part has implemented the men who

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 3 are working today in world's forestry. There Let me tell you what is happening in are men such as these in the lCA. There a great capital city because it failed to fol­ are men such as these in the United Na­ low the warnings of its foresters and con­ tion. They are trying to bring together servationists. The city I speak of is Mexico common problems in an effort to 'Solve them City. It is a very modern capital with on a world basis. To gather to~ether the millions of inhabitants and skyscraper build­ fruits of experience of different countries ings and traffic jams but one of the first and put them at the disposal of all the things you notice when you get there are others. They are working to increase inter­ the broken irregular pavements, the wavy national forestry by establishing foreign streets and the many buildings that are scholarships and in some cases they are leaning at an angle instead of standing up­ forming teams of men from different coun­ right. Worse still is the fact that the city tries so they can bring different points of itself is sinking at the rate of ten inches view of widely separated backgrounds. every year. Now here are the reasons: Now let me speak to you of just one The Mexican people years ago, cut down more matter before I finish otherwise I all the forests on the hillsides above the would miss what I believe is of utmost city. They allowed sheeps and goats to importance to any group intending to make destroy all the grasslands that covered the forestry a career. I want to emphasize the slopes. Then they tried to raise agricul­ importance of good training. Nothing can tural crops on slopes so steep they are fit take the place of thorough, competent tech­ only for forests. Meanwhile, Mexico City nical training in this profession of forestry. you may remember, is in a huge crater of There just is no substitute. Without solid, a volcano and rests on a semi-liquid mass careful preparation in school you nre handi­ that is being robbed of its liquiu .content capped from the very start and your work, by countless pumps that are taking the water too, will be handicapped. Any program out and because of the denudation of the of forestry may succeed or fail depending land above it there is no chance for the water on the technical competence of the men to come down slowly and seep in and re­ who carry out that program. No matter new it again. So the result is cracked build­ how carefully the forest policy of a coun­ ings, broken pipes, sewers unable to func­ try may be written, no matter how com­ tion and floods and a problem that the plete the body of forest laws, all these will men of Mexico are unable to solve. And avail very little unless they are administered all this might have been prevented just as by a body of foresters well-trained tech­ forestry training could have prevented the nically and imbued with a sense of profes­ wastage of building expensive dams and re­ sional integrity. If throughout the world servoirs and at the same time cutting the we are to raise our profession to the high forest above them and starting silt and level it deserves; if we are to give it the erosion to cover them up. Millions of standing and influence that will enable us dollars in my country and other countries to do the most good, we must rely on have been thrown away in this manner be­ trained, experienced men and that training cause of technical ignorance, because the must come from forestry schoo!s. It is developments were not carried out by men their responsibility to graduate men not with a thorough conservation viewpoint. only technically able but men familiar with Once in Brazil, I saw the waste of thou­ conservation viewpoints. There is no end sands of pesos and hundreds of hectares of to the list of disasters or the waste of good forest land because the men who cleared money due solely to lack of technical know­ that land were without technical training. ledge, or disregard of it. (Continued on paae 8)

Pat• 4 FORESTRY LEAVES By JOSE C. LOCSIN Chairman, National Economic Council

Today I join you gladly in celebrating nor even an outline of any physical appa­ the 50th Anniversary of the University of ratus. The students had no need of any, the Philippines. It is no small honor to no one missed the practical instrnction in have been invited by President Sinco to be an extremely experimental science ... Now your convocation speaker. and then some little instrument descended I was asked to speak on "The Role of from heaven and was exhibited to the clas the University in Industrial Development." from a distance, like the monstrance to the A discussion of this topic, however, requires prostrate worshippers- look but tCiuch not. an understanding of what a university is. One day in a year ... there were seen to What, then, is a University? be quantities of brass and glassware, tubes, From the time man held the original disks, bells and the like - the exhibition concept of a University as a society com­ did not go beyond that ... The students posed merely of professors and students for were convinced that the instruments had the purpose of teaching and learning, much not been purchased for them ... The labo­ water have passed under the proverbial ratory was intended to be shown to the vi­ bridge. Today we hold that an institu­ sitors and the high officials who came from tion is a repository of all the accumulated the Peninsula." The same could be said of learning of many centuries to the present, the classes m chemistry and the other sci­ a laboratory of investigation and discovery ences. of new truths, a forge where the will is As a nation we were denied 11ue a~~cess tempered and trained to action. to the "endless frontiers of science" in order We had been a colony for over 400 years to substantiate our material progress. At and it was unfortunate that due to the the end of the last century, Amt;rica and policies of the sovereign at that time, our Europe were running factories by electri­ only university, in spite of being Royal, city, and incandescent lamps lit their houses Pontifical and a Tricentenarian, having ex­ and streets. In the Philippines we were still isted since 1611, showed itself reluctant in groping in the darkness of night with a teaching science to our youth. Our hero "tinghoy" or a "quinque." And although Jose Rizal, in his immortal novel : :El Fili­ ours is a tropical country, we had not even busterismo" dedicated a chapter to describe learned how to make ice to refresh our­ the conditions of a class in Physics in the selves with cool drinks. University of Santo Tomas during his time. Rizal said: "With the exception of a beguti­ Then came the Revolution of 1896. Am­ ful blackboard . . . no furniture, either erica entered the war, and the Philippines useful or useless, was to be seen . . . The became a prize for the victor. Our de­ walls, painted white, were entirely bare, molished country entered the Twentieth Cen­ having neither a drawing nor n picture, tury as a territory belonging to the United States. Without arguing the motivation be­ * Address delivered at a Golden Jubilee convoca­ hind the Cooper Law and later the Under­ tion sponsored by the College of Engineering on September S, 1958. wood Law, the opening of the American

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 5 market for Philippine products gave uc; an it is still sterile in so far as the economic incentive to focus our interest in tilling our implication is concerned. Applied research fields. The free exchange of products bet­ next is affected and proves that such new ween our countries created prospt:·rity here, knowledge will and can accomplish a use­ and we paid well for the finished products ful purpose. This stage in turn is rapidly imported from the United States. This pros­ followed by engineering application which perity and the lack of opportunities for is called development. This step finally re­ vocational education in our country have duces the original knowledge to a useful made our people a consumer of imported. economic facto: such as a new machine, a goods, enjoying the comforts of an easy new material, a new process, a new pro­ life. duct, or a new form of service. Out of We have to admit that engineering cours­ such elements, the national economic poten­ es in the Philippines attained recognition tial is created." only after 1920. It is true that on June The first engineer-graduates o fthe Col­ 13, 1910 the College of Engineering of the lege of Engineering of the University of University of the Philippines was found­ the Philippines found plenty of opportuni­ ed, but it required over ten years of trial ties to work in the construction of roads, and error for the organization to achieve buildings, wharves and other public works any degree of prominence. It was only in projects. When the Commonwealth Govern­ the school year 1921-1922 that the college ment was established we became industrially offered courses in civil, electrical, mechan­ minded. We founded the National Develop­ ical and industrial engineering, with empha­ ment Company. We saw the success of sis on the last. Dean Ortigas pointed out the promotional policy of the government as an outstanding material accomplishment on the construction of sugar centrals. We of the Reynolds decade - from 1920 to 1930 built a cement factory and a textile plant. - the establishment of shop and laboratory We developed fishponds in Capiz and Pam­ facilities in the University of the Philip­ panga to supply the material for a cannery. pines, and public recognition of the im­ We gave facilities for the development of portance of technical knowledge started du­ a pineapple plantation in Del Monte for a ring this period when men interested in fruit canning factory. We developed the setting up industries frequently sought the mining industry. We established electric assistance of engineering faculty members and ice plants in big municipalities. This for solution of their problems. industrialization trend in our economic dev­ So vital is the University as an insti­ elopment followed our broadened knowledge tution of learning of basic and applied in science because, as has been properly sciences in the industrialization of any coun­ observed by John Gammell, "In the market try, that it is the only source of technical plan for human skills the trend of hiring manpower, of selected graduates to staff in industry overwhelmingly points toward private research centers, and of leaders to science and engineering background at all organize business and bring about the ap­ levels." plication of research findings in the actual But the little facilities that we had, to production fields. Of this, two component teach sciences and to move forward in our writers have said: "To assure continuing industrial enterprises, were destroyed in the progress of fundamental knowledge in sci­ last War. The war, however, gave a lesson ence, following the results from theoretical to all peoples and nations, and it is this: research efforts, there must naturally fol­ "That creative science is a potent factor low experimental verification. At this point m winning a war." new knowledge has become available but After Liberation and the proclamation

Page 6 FORESTRY LEAVES of our political independence in 1946, a tions in an industry or institute a·nd de­ tremendous task of economic rehabilitation vote considerable time to them. Thus, teach­ and readjustment confronted us. We real­ ing cannot go too far away from the prob­ ized that, being politically independent, we lems encountered either in research or in­ had perforce to bring socio-economic changes dustry. Plant managers and institute per­ that would reshape the Filipino way of life. sonnel also teach special courses in the uni­ It became all too clear that only science versities." properly applied could help us to manage Our government has given due recogni­ and channel our energies to shape a new tion to the important role of the Univer­ pattern of living and raise the standard of sity of the Philippines in the industrializa­ our people. Paul B. Sears pointed to the tion of our country by extending aid to "imponderable potentialities of science for its physical rehabilitation and improvement, promtoing social stability." And Dr. Bush, the development of broad training programs, in his report to President Roosevelt, stated: establishment of new courses, more adequate "Without scientific progress, no amount of teaching facilities both academic and prac­ achievement in other directions can insure tical. All these were done to enable this our health, prosperity and security as a na­ institution to be one among the best in tion in the modern world." the world. In 1956, in the floor of the Senate, I Since the inception of the National Eco­ said: "Nowadays, the silent but titanic strug­ nomic Council and the International Co­ gle between the United States and Soviet operation Administration, the University of Russia for world supremacy will be decided the Philippines has received from the United by their respective scientists working in their States Aid Fund substantial assistance that laboratories." reached a total of $8,162,506.75 of which In this belief that science is necessary $5,090,539.04 is in commodities and $3,071,- for a people to progress we in Congress 967 .71 in technical assistance - while the were prompted to work for the formula­ peso support from our Government amount­ tion and approval of the First National Sci­ ed to 'P14,332,200.25. Under Technical As­ ence Research Law in which we envisioned sistance, a total of 158 participants have the University of the Philippines as an out­ been sent to the United States for advanced standing scientific research center. training in their respective fields while 82 I express the confidence that under the contract personnel have served with the Uni­ new law, Republic Act No. 2067 creating versity. Specifically, the Cornell-U.P. Col­ the National Science Development Board, lege of Forestry and the Cornell-U.P. Col­ this plan will be fully realized. In this lege of Agriculture contracts had been en­ University you have the factors necessary tered into for technical assistance in agri­ to advance the project. You have the mem­ culture and forestry. The Stanford-U.P. con­ bers of the faculty, a highly qualified staff tract for the College of Education, Business for research; the student body as material Administration, Engineering and supporting to be trained and inspired; the building fields ,the R.C.A.-U.P. contract for electron­ and equipment ready and above all, the ics training, and the Connecticutt-U.P. con­ proper environment for meditation and tract for labor education. study, the cloisters that will inspire you The peso assistance covers the cost of to a total surrender to Science. buildings, procurement of peso commodities, Rockwell of General Electric Company, increasing and strengthening the teaching speaking of the interrelation of industry staff, contracts and contractual services, par­ with science and technology in Russia, said ticipant training and the transportation, hous­ that "most university professors hold posi- ing and living allowance and clerical as-

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 7 sistance of contract personnel. Among the the standard of the teaching of humanities constructions undertaken for the program and Fi·ne Arts. Your goal shall be a crea­ have been 47 buildings, including 18 houses tive science and technology. Remember for the faculty in the College of Agricul­ these words of Dr. Bush: "A nation which ture, at College, Laguna, the Deck Roof depends upon other for its new basic scien­ and the alteration of the Institute of Hy­ tific knowledge will be slow in its indus­ giene Building, the renovation of the De­ trial progress and weak in its competitive partment of Physics of the College of Lib­ position in world trade." eral Arts and the General Purpose Pilot With these aids extended to the Uni­ plant and Textile Laboratory of the College versity of the Philippines, a lot of good of Engineering. things have been done. But we have to These material and technical support recognize that more assistance is needed brought the University of the Philippines to­ and should be forthcoming from our Gov­ ward the center of activity of the nation's ernment, the International Cooperation Ad­ program of economic development. Right ministration, the United Nations organiza­ now, your industrial Research Center is ren­ tion, the ECAFE, and philanthropic organiza­ dering technical services to companies, cor­ tions like the Rockefeller Foundation, to porations and bureaus. Your Forest Pro­ accomplish continuing scientific research and ducts Research Institute conducts research aimed at developing new and profitable for­ development in this University. Further­ est products industries based on residues more, aid must be extended to this Univer­ and non-commercial species. In your School sity to place it in a position to develop of Hygiene and College of Medicine labora­ science as one of the most valuable natural tories you are conducting investigation and resources we can have that will contribute studies to promote health and sanitation. greatly to the welfare of our people and to I acknowledge, also, your endeavor to raise our national security.

WORLD FORESTRY ... it rich and rewarding. And there are times, (Continued from page 4) too, when I have found it exciting, a little They had intended to clear the land for too exc1tmg. It has taken me to many agriculture. So they cut down every tree. strange places, it has taken me around the A trained forester, or trained ;,(lils men world three times. Some of the places could have told them what would happen. haven't been entirely pleasant. I have been Once the protective cover of trees was taken ship-wrecked. I have been chased up maho­ away from that particular type oi' soil, the gany trees by wild pigs and kept there for rain leached out the fertility and the sun long hours while they dared me to come baked the surface until it was brick-like down. I have been run out of my own in hardness. Not even trees, not even grass, camp by army ants. But on the other not even a self-respecting weed will grow hand, it has given me many friendships there for a long, long time. and many unexpected opportunities that It is preventable waste, like this that have been pleasant, such as this opportunity makes me want to emphasize as strongly to speak here to you. as I can, the great need for adequate train­ Of course, whether you will like forestry ing so that the forester will know enough or not depends on what you want out of about biological principles to enable him life. If you want to make a lot of money to work with nature and not aga:nst it. quickly or if you want to ·spend your life Now I don't want to oversell forestry close to the bright lights and the night as a career. As for myself, I have found (Continued on page 12)

Page 8 FORESTRY LEA YES a ~cliola1tsliip P1to91tam ~Oft 101tesf1t~ I By AMANDO M. DALISAY Undersecretary of Natural Resources Ladies and Gentlemen: and in remembering gratefully those favorite I am deeply elated in coming here today sons who gave of their life that the service as your guest speaker. There are two spe­ might be enhanced and that this country cial reasons for this happy feeling. One might be free and content. Today, more is that the faculty and student body of than ever, we are faced with the challenge this great College in inviting on this me­ of an efficient public service and the even morable occasion one of the officials of the greater challenge of economic progress, to DANR are following the direction of a tradi­ the end that our people may live more fully tion of close relationship and understand­ and at peace with themselves and the rest ing between the College and the Depart­ of mankind. And in this undertaking, the ment. I am one with you in praying that foresters and agriculturists must join hands, this tradition would be more significant and not only to serve agriculture in a balanced more binding as the years go by. manner, but also to make our own people The other reason is that you have chosen ever aware that agriculture and forestry from among your friends a fellow worker are one in the service of humanity. whose calling is lower than yours- in level If only for this reason, the tasks of as well as in aspiration - but whose services the two sister institutions on the lower and are essential in rounding out a comprehen­ upper campuses on this verdant slope of sive approach to land use and conservation. Makiling are doubly significant: training As an agriculturist and a graduate of your men and women for an agricultural service sister college down below, I have always that is responsive to the needs and de­ looked up to the College of Forestry and sires of our nation, and being the trustees its campus here on Mt. Makiling. Foresters or embodiments of a weighty and far-reach­ I have always regarded as superior . and ing responsibility, the development and con­ more fortunate beings: they are closer to servation of our agriculture and natural nature, insulated from the humdrum of farm wealth. or urban living, and perennially working at higher elevations - on the slopes or sum­ Role of Management in Development mits of majestic mountains that one views Current development in the national eco­ but with awe only at a distance - they are nomic scene have lately invited attention therefore always closer to God. My having to the deplorable state of our finances and worked at close hand with foresters and the rapid deterioration of our foreign ex­ the forestry service has not diminished the change reserves. And many of our people regard and admiration I have for them. are prone to blame this sad plight on the Today, on this seventeenth anniversary imbalance of our foreign trade and the lack of Forestry Day, a humble agriculturist joins of adequate government revenues. Few have hands with yours in paying homage to the apparently stopped to look into their own great traditions of the forestry profession actuations nor into the real factors or forces at work and which have led to the present 1 Address delivered durinv, the 17th Forestry Day convocation on November 30, 1958. debacle.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 9 If we only stop and think about the root is in the midst of a dollar crisis; that our causes of our present difficulties and analyze economic ills today stem largely from a dollar the situation critically and objectively, we shortage. I humbly and earnestly say that shall be honest enough to admit that the this is not exactly correct. To my mind, greater blame lies in our shortcomings in what we have today, apparently slowing economic management. I am one of those down our current progress and threatening who deplore the inadequacy of our efforts our future economic development, is a crisis and concentration in this direction. As a of management. Our most serious difficulty people we have not only failed, in the last at present is both the inertia and the in­ ten years, to appreciate the importance of adequacy of proper management. management in our economic and social af­ fairs, but we have also not given proper Management in Production and Marketing encouragement to the people who have the Perhaps this crisis in management is capability, the initiative and resouiceful­ more manifest in the field of production ness as well as the demonstrated interest and marketing, particularly in agriculture. and application, in efficient and productive Our recurring national shortages in rice, management. corn and other foodstuffs, the utilization For the proper handling of our fiscal of scarce dollars for importation of rice affairs and the formulation of proper fiscal and corn, and the endless debates on whe­ policies to stabilize government finances and ther importation is to be resorted to be­ balance our operating fiscal budgets, we cause domestic production is still insufficient, need well-trained and dedicated financial (to mention a few among others) in the managers. We also need good managers in face of abundant local resources - these are the programming of development projects nothing more than demonstrable ineptness and measures and in the effective imple­ of local management. mentation of them. The government cor­ Our recent experience in the implementa­ porations and public development projects tion of the President's rice and corn program to which millions of government revenues is a good case in point. When funds can are funneled each year must be run by not be released when needed, the program­ capable managers if they are to succeed ming of fertilizer and pesticide distribu­ in their objectives and produce the com­ tion for effective results would fall short mensurate income or services for every peso of its mark. The proper implementation spent. of plans and programs completed in the Capable managers or executives are in­ previous year would be in vain, if funds dispensable for the effective prosecution of are not available on time. The necessary public works projects and other permanent follow-up and evaluation of a program in improvements for which public funds are action would be short-lived, if not entirely appropriated annually. Most important of pointless, unless the proper personnel are all, a managed currency like ours can only put on the job and the essential facilities function well if the operations of the Cen­ provided them. In planning, implementa­ tral Bank are efficiently managed, and if tion, and evaluation, which are the principal the credit operations of the banks as well management responsibilities in a production as the dollar allocations to importers and program, good intentions and persistence are to individual enterprises are properly super­ not enough; funds, personnel, and organiza­ vised under proper management control. tion must be there to ensure success. Most Many of our local experts, and even for­ important of all, there must be the capable eign experts working with us, have come administrator or executive who can make to the conclusion that our national economy decisions at the right time and otherwise

Page 10 FORESTRY LEAVES assume full responsibility for the success of management trammg available, largely or failure of the enterprise. perhaps in national economic programs and We need all of these for the most ef­ national development projects. In the field fective implementation of the rice and corn of agriculture, the College of Agriculture production program. More than funds and here in Los Bafi.os and similar colleges in facilities, we need well-trained, dedicated other parts of the country are filling the and honest men who can plan and pro­ gaps by strengthened courses in farm man­ gramme, execute and follow up decisions al­ agement, agricultural marketing, farm cre­ ready made, evaluate progress attained, and dits, and economic policies. But more ad­ make adjustment or changes as the project vanced courses in farm and business man­ moves forward. In other words, we need agement, as well as in financial manage­ good executives in the management and ment, are now needed in order to keep operation of our food programs. Good exe­ up with the new developments in farm and cutives and administrators are the key to community organization and the urgent de­ effective and successful management. mands of the cooperative associations and This type of men in our agricultural the rural banks. service will determine how well we could The main thing that will ensure proper implement and coordinate our production management training in our educational in­ programs. They are also the means by which stitutions is the observance of a high stand­ our food crops could be properly willed or ard of scholarship, together with the inces­ processed and then handled through the chan­ sant search and employment of high-quality nels of trade, and whenever necessary pre­ teachers and researchers. To this may be pared and handled for export. These men added the tight screening of capable and organize, operate, and manage the process­ outstanding intellects and the stimulus to ing and marketing facilities. They also demonstrable capacity and excellence through make possible the financing of these opera­ recognized incentives, such as scholarship tions, through the government banks and aids, prizes, and other rewards for high merit. private financing institutions. These capa­ ble executives will determine how well and Significance of Scholarships in the how far our cooperatives would go in as­ College of Forestry sisting the small farmers to improve their This brings me to the problem of en­ lot. couraging high scholarship in this College and of speeding up the training of a great The Need for Thorough Training number of men worthy of the forestry ser­ However, the intricacies and the impon­ vice. As an agriculturist with economics derables of good management cannot be training, but with hardly any acquaintance learned overnight. Our national experience with the forestry curriculum, I would like in the last decade emphasizes this point. to present the problem this way: The coun­ And our individual experience attests to the try needs very badly men of sterling char­ fact that training in management requires acter and worth to reinforce the forestry arduous, back-breaking, temper-testing. and service, for the proper utilization of our almost always a time-consuming process. forestry resources and to safeguard our The presence of the State University dwindling commercial forests. Unless we and its sister institution in this country is can do this, we cannot educate or reorient an assurance that proper management train­ our people to the importance of our forests, ing can be had. This is especially true in and for lack of capable foresters, our for­ many aspects of production. There is never­ est resources will soon disappear, to the full theless certain lacks or gaps in the type detriment of our national life.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 11 More than any other group, our audience waged to attract exceptional or deserving today is aware of the dire shortage of for­ talents to the forestry service. esters and how slowly we are replacing I am happy to report to you that a those who have grown old and have just request has already been made in the next faded away. Some people are wont to ask: Fiscal Budget to provide PS0,000 each year Why doesn't the College of Forestry train to strengthen the scholarship program of more men? Perhaps this is preposterous the Bureau of Forestry in this College. to many of us who have seen how diffi­ This should not preclude the advanced train­ cult it is to qualify for, much more to com­ ing or reorientation training for men al­ plete, a forestry education. And this is ready in the forestry service nor their fel­ simply the answer to the fact that only a lowship training abroad. My hope is that few graduate each year with the B.S.F. more emphasis be given to seeking young degree. men of high school age and through proper But the answer must really be sought encouragement and assistance providing in no other means than what the above them forestry training in this College. It query indicates: more men must be trained will not be too much to ask perhaps that in this College. Inasmuch as lowering stand­ the College and the Bureau join forces in ards is out of the question, the approach this worthy undertaking. seems to me one of enlarging the area of In closing, I wish to thank you with all search and devising a method of finding my heart for this opportunity to be with talents. you today. The forestry service will march On a number of occasions I have sug­ on confident in its task and hopeful of gested to Director Amos that the number greater rewards in terms of service and accomplishments. My only hope is that of Bureau scholarships in this College could more foresters are available in the proper perhaps be increased. The idea is not novel, management and utilization of our forests I must admit, but t.he urgency of the prob­ so in the next generation this scarce re­ lem is such that even old methods are source could contribute to our welfare and worth repeating. The only difference this happiness and likewise to the coming gen­ time is that all the high schools, including erations. This hope lies now in your hands. vocational, agricultural and trade schools, should be explored and that a campaign be THANK YOU.

WORLD FORESTRY . . . whatever branch of their profession they (Continued from pa&e 8) may be working, do have a common goal. clubs, then maybe, forestry is not for you. Whether they are helping produce wood - But if you want to join a world brother· that indispensable gift of the go0d earth; hood of men intent on a common goal, it whether they are laboring to refore~t barren, you want to labor for fundamental reali denuded regions; whether they are working ties in a profession that is old enough to in the forests or in the laboratory or the know where it is going but young enough classroom they share in common one basic to have the lure of far-off horizons then overall purpose - the purpose of helping by all means consider forestry. the forests render their greatest permanent For foresters in whatever land or in service to mankind.

Page 12 FORESTRY LEAVES By RUFINO A. SABADO Member, Philippine Bar

Introduction of the public domain, unless otherwise shown, In the land registration case of Ramos is forest or timber land in nature. vs. Director of Lands ( 39 Phil. 175), the Major Natural Resources Supreme Court of the Philippines, although This write-up concerns itself with two reiterating that indubitably there should be of our most valuable natural resources - conservation of natural resources, surpris­ exclusive of human resources - forest and ingly rules: " •.• The presumption should land. The following figures show how these be, in lieu of contrary proof, that land is resources stand among the five major na­ agricultural in nature." In other words, the tural resources of the country:1 burden of proof is saddled by the law upon the shoulder of one who asserts that the Resources Value Percent land in question is forest land or timber Forest .... 'P27 ,860,611,000 80 land. This is illustrated in the case of Ra­ Land ..... 4,387,773,000 12 mirez vs. Director of Lands et al (60 Phil. Mineral ... 1,409,990,000 4 Animal ... 801, 108,000 3 114) wherein the Supreme Court rules that Fisheries .. 298,092,000 1 the land in question is forest land because These are valuable assets which the Con­ the incontrovertible "evidence presented ... stitution enjoins us to conserve, protect and shows that it is forestry land." In a long develop, the better that they may make their line of decisions our court of last appeal contributions to the promotion of the col­ had sustained this presumption, so much so that among legal practitioners any land sus­ lective needs of the people and to the pro­ ceptible to cultivation is agricultural. gress of the Filipino Nation. Observe that the forest resources is 80% of the total of While this presumption is only prima the fi~e leading natural resources as against facie (that is, it is susceptible of contrary 12% of the land resource. And for the proof), yet it has not only aided unscru­ disparity in value - if for no other reason pulous individuals to acquire wide tracts - the number one natural resources, the ele­ of forest lands in registration or in cadas­ ments of which are forest vegetation, forest tral proceedings but also has encouraged soil and wildlife, must perforce be benefited speculators to destroy the forest "with the by a prima facie presumption of law favor­ prodigality of the spendthrift who squan­ able to its protection and conservation. ders his substance for the pleasure of the fleeting moment" on the mistaken notion Review of Pertinent Forest Laws that land once divested of trees becomes The antecedents of our present forest agricultural. laws show that forestry has been a govern­ It is the purpose of this dissertation to ment concern since the Spanish regime in show that the presumption should be: Land the Philippines. This government activity

1 Arbor Week Issue, July, 1955 - Philippine Forestry- Sol H. Gwekoh Publication, Manila.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 13 was given impetus when the Philippine For­ est laws and the forest policy laid down est Service, then known as Inspeccion Gen­ and followed since 1863 were adopted in eral de Montes, was organized by Royal the organization of the Philippine Forest Order of the Spanish Sovereignty in June, Service in 1900 under General Order No. 50 1863 with the instructions from the Super­ issued by the then Military Governor of the ior Government to the Inspector General Philippines. The same were re-stated in de Montes to intervene in the concessions the Act of Congress of July 1, 1902, other­ of mountain lands and transactions or af­ wise known as the Philippine Bill. Sec­ fairs related to lands and forests. Under tions 13-18 of this Act mention three classes the said Royal Order, constructive laws and of land, namely: ( 1) Public land or public regulations were promulgated; investigation domain, (2) Mineral land, and (3) Timber work was undertaken and the foundation land. Section 18 laid down the principle of forestry in this country was thereby es­ which had been consistently re-echoed in tablished. subsequent Philippine laws, to wit: The Spanish regime originated the policy "No timber land formif!g part of that a part of the public domain must be the public domain shall be sold, leased favorably passed upon by the Burea}l of or entered until the Government of Forestry before it could be disposed of to said lslauds, upon certification of the private control. This policy was reiterated Forestry Bureau that said laPds are in the Royal Decree of June 25, 1888; in more valuable for agricultural than for forest purposes, shall declare such the Royal Decree of August 31, 1888; and land so certified to be agricultural ir. in the Royal Decree of February 13, 1894, character." otherwise known as the Maura Law. These decrees, among other things, further empha­ Observe that it is the agricultural charac­ sized the proper protection, delimitation, con­ ter of the land that must be shown and servation, and wise utilization of timber and certified before it can be disposed of. timber lands. The American Government, under the The principle laid down by the lnspec­ great conservationist, President Theodore cion General de Montes had grown and Roosevelt, Sr., did not wish to have large developed rather slowly in line with European chunks of forest lands of the public do­ forestry practice. No wonder, the Spanish main of the Philippines pass away haphaz­ laws were exceedingly conservative and com­ ardly to private ownership. What it would prehensive. They contained provisions far have wished to do for its own land, and reaching in scope particularly in the way which it failed to accomplish, would be of forest delimitation, conservation and pro­ followed in the newly acquired Philippine tection against destruction and unwise util­ territory. It sent its chief forester of the ization - all anchored on the time-honored United States Forest Service, Gifford Pin­ principle of conservation by wise use. chot, to the Philippines, and on his investi­ The Americans came to the Philippines. gation and report the reorganization of the They were impressed by the Spanish laws Bureau of Forestry and the original for­ then in force in the newly acquired terri­ est law of 1904 and regulations were largely tory. Unlike the forests of the United based. Act No. 1148, otherwise known as States, occasioned by the natural attitude the Forest Act, approved on May 7, 1904, of its sagacious citizenry, which pursued the was the first forest law passed by the Phil­ policy to "have large public domain come ippine Commission. This Act and its subse­ under private ownership," the Americans quent amendments were incorporated in found the Philippine forests practically all Chapter 47 of Act No. 2711, otherwise known under state ownership. So the Spanish for- as the Revised Administrative Code of 1917.

Page 14 FORESTRY LEA YES This chapter forms the backbone of our with, or suggestive of forest, especially as present Philippine forest laws. distinguished from the field or town." The philosophy of all the foregoing laws At this juncture, it becomes necessary is anchored on the principle that no part to state herein some pertinent definitions of the public domain can pass to private to give more light to the theme of this ownership without a showing and a certi­ write-up: fication as to its agricultural character. No 1. In technical or scientific parlance of deviation has been made from the sound universal acceptation, "forest" is "an ex­ forest policy laid down and followed since tensive plant society of shrubs and trees 1863, pressures from selfish vested inter­ with a closed canopy, and having the quality ests and narrow-minded, self-seeking poli­ of self-perpetuation (in which case it is a ticians notwithstanding. In effect, the policy climax forest) or of development into a cli­ places the Bureau of Forestry as a sort of a max." clearing house for the Department of Agri­ 2. From a purely technical and scientific culture and Natural Resources because the standpoint, B. E. Fernow in his "Economics former is charged by law to classify lands of Forestry," states :2 of the public domain with a view to set "A forest in the sense in which we aside agricultural lands for administration use the term, as an economic factor, by the Bureau of Lands. is by no means a mere collection of The Constitution of the Philippines (Sec­ trees, but an organic whole in which tion 1, Article XIII) classifies lands of the all parts, although apparently hetero­ geneous, jumbled together by accident public domain into agricultural, timber, and as it were and apparently unrelated. mineral. The State is the owner of all lands bear a close relation to each other and of the public domain as well as all other are as interdeoendent as any other be­ natural resources. And by virtue of the ings and conditions in nature." constitutional mandate contained in the 3. In English Law, a "forest" is a tract above mentioned section, all natural resour­ of woodland and waste, usually belonging ces, with the exception of public agricul­ to the sovereign, set apart for the keep­ tural land, shall not be alienated. ing and hunting of game, etc., and having its peculiar laws, courts, and officers. It FOREST OR TIMBER LAND is curious to note, however, that in Eng­ Definitions: In Ramos vs. Director of land a forest is read to imply a great tract Lands, 39 Phil. 175, the Supreme Court of woodland but in Scotland the reverse is holds that the word "forest" has a signi­ actually the case, where a treeless area is ficant not an insignificant meaning, and that viewed as forest. it does not embrace land only partly wood­ 4. B. R. Baden Powel in his "Forest Laws land. It is a tract of land covered with of India" states :3 trees, usually of considerable extent. It "Every definition of a forest that is very apparent that the word is taken can be framed for legal purposes will in its popular usage, not in its technical be found either to exclude some cases to which the law ought to apply, or signification. For lexicographers define "for­ on the other hand to include some est" as a dense growth of trees and under­ with which the law ought not to in­ brush covering a large tract of land. Used terfere. It may be necessary, for ex­ as an adjective, it is synonymous to "syl­ ample, to take under the law a tract of perfectly barren land which at van," which is "characteristic of, concerned present has neither trees, brushwoods,

2 Cited. Ramos vs. Director of Lands, 39 Phil. 175. 3 Cited. Ramos vs. Director of Lands, 39 Phil. 175.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 15 nor grass on it, but which in the Court in the aforementioned case of Ramos course of time it is hoped will be vs. Director of Lands, said: "reboise"; but any definition wide enough to take in all such lands would "During the time of the passage also take in much that was not wanted. of the Act of Congress of July l, On the other hand, the definition, if 1902, this question of forest and agri­ framed with reference to tree growth, cultural lands was beginning to re­ might (and indeed would be almost ceive some attention and it is clearly sure to) include a garden, shrubbery, shown in Section 18 of the above orchard, or vineyard, which it was not mentioned Act; it leaves to the Bureau designed to deal with." of Forestry the certification as to what lan_ds are for agricultural or forest From the foregoing quotation, it appears uses. Although the Act states tim­ that no legal definition of forest is practi­ berlands, the Bureau has, in its ad­ cable or useful. ministration since the passage of this 5. In Philippine forestry parlance, trench­ Act, construed this term to mean for­ est lands in the sense of what was ed upon the aspect of forestry as a busi­ necessary to protect, for the public ness, a forest is an area the principal crop good; wastelands without a tree have of which is trees; it includes both the stand been declared more suitable for for­ and the soil beneath it. estry in many instances in the past. In many cases, in the opinion of the 6. In general, "forest land" is synony­ Bureau of Forestry, lands without a mous to "timber land." In specific term, single tree in them are considered as "forest land" is any land not devoted to, true forest lands. For instance, moun­ or unfit for, the growing of agricultural tain sides which are too steep for crops. In the case of public land, it re­ cultivation under-ordinary practice and which, if cultivated, under ordinary fers to any portion thereof which has not practice would destroy the big resour­ been declared by competent authority as ces of the soil by washing, is consi­ alienable and disposable under the Public dered by this Bureau as forest land Land Laws. (Glossary of Lumbering and and in time would be reforested." Forestry Terms). On the other hand, "tim­ Forest Lands Get First Consideration:­ ber land" embraces all public land delimited, Since the organization of the lnspeccion classified and declared as such under Sec­ General de Montes by the Royal Order of tion 6 (b) of Commonwealth Act 141. Its the Spanish Sovereignty in 1863, forest lands, character may be temporary or permanent mountain lands, or zonas forestales, have depending upon forest exploitation or soil been given first priority consideration in condition. The intention is to establish such any transaction or matter relative to clas­ land in the future as forest reserve after sification of lands belonging to the Crown. excluding therefrom the area which, having Even the Spanish Mortgage Law and the been exploited, can be certified as alienable Royal Decree of February 13, 1894, com­ and disposable under the Public Land Act monly known as the Maura Law, gave em­ (Caption 2 (b), Forestry Administrative Or­ phasis to the fact that before lands could der No. 11). come under said laws, the same were not 7. Section 1820 of the Revised Adminis­ part of the zonas forestales. The Spanish trative Code defines, "'public forest' includes, Government emphasized that for land to except as otherwise specially indicated, all come under the protective aegis of the Ma­ unreserved public land including nipa and ura Law, it must be shown that the land mangrove swamps and all forest reserves was cultivated for six years previously, and of whatever character." that it was not land which pertained to the 8. The Director of Forestry of the Phil­ zonas forestales. As a matter of fact one ippines, in an opinion cited by the Supreme of the conditions for the validity of any

Page 16 FORESTRY LEAVES land title obtainable during the Spanish re­ Inspector General, in turn, shall make gime was that said title must bear the dry his recommendation as to the action seal and rubric of the Inspector General to be taken in each case to the Gen­ eral Directorate of Civil Administra­ de Montes (Ramirez vs. Director of Lands, tion.4 et al, 60 Phil. 114). When the public land involved was more than 30 hectares, oc­ Forest Lands of the Public Domain In­ cupied by private individuals bounded at clude Unclassified or Unreserved Public any point thereof by other lands belonging Lands.-Under the State ownership theory to the State, Royal Decree of August 31, (Regalian theory in Spanish jurisdiction), 1888 provided that adjustment title (com­ all lands, be they agricultural, timber or posicion con el estado) could not be had f'Jrest, or mineral lands, belong to the State, without the intervention of the Inspector unless otherwise shown. The Philippine General de Montes. Government has maintained its ownership to 75%, more or less, of the forest lands Pertinent provisions of the Royal Decree within its territorial jurisdiction. This is of August 31, 1888 are as follows: attributable to the early Spanish land laws Article 1-All public lands occupied which required any transaction involving by private individuals in the Philip­ lands to pass the investigation conducted pine Islands, which are subject to ad­ by the Inspeccion General de Montes. Span­ justment in accordance with the Reg­ ish forest laws were reputed for their con­ ulation of June 25, 1888 shall be div­ ided into two groups: The first shall servatism, and such conservatism was re­ comprise those which at any point ad­ flected in the action of the Inspector General join other lands belon11:ing to the State, de Montes who saw to it that land under and those which, although entirely adjustment or subject to transaction for bounded by private lands, have a to­ tal area of more than 30 hectares, alienation was not part of the zonas fores­ and the second shall comprise those tales. The Spanish forest laws gave a clear having an area of less than 30 hec­ assumption that land, unless the contrary tares and adjoining only lands of pri­ was shown, formed part of the zonas fores­ vate ownership. tales. It should be emphasized, in this con­ Article 2-Adjustment of lands of nection, that Section 1820 of the Revised the first group shall continue to be Administrative Code includes all unclassi­ made in accordance with the proceed­ ings prescribed in the Regulation of fied or unreserved public lands as part of June 25, 1888, that is with the in­ the public forest. Pending classification by tervention of the Inspector General the Bureau of Forestry, all unclassified or of Forests, under the supervision of unreserved public lands are treated and the General Directorate of Civil A~­ ministration. deemed as part of the public forest. On x x x x x x x this doctrine revolve the activities of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Re­ Article 4--The different divisions of field personnel (brigadas facultativas) sources incident to the disposition of lands. shall be under the immediate super­ vision and control of the Inspector AGRICULTURAL LAND General of Forests, and the chief of each division shall forward to the In­ The Meaning of Public Land.-In a gen­ spector General the records of all eral sense, "public land" and "public do­ cases and the plans drawn by the main" are synonymous. In the Philippines personnel directly in charge of the either is the generic term for the natural work on each piece of land, accom­ panied by his report thereon. Said resources belonging to the State under the

4 Cited. Ramirez vs. Director of Lands, et al, 60 Phil. 114. 5 50 Corpus Juris, p. 886; 22 Ruling Case Law, p. 249.

Moving-Up Day· Issue, March, 1959 Page 17 specific nomenclatures of agricultural, tim­ Agricultural Land Under the Revised Ad­ ber, and mineral lands (Section l, Article ministrative Code.-Section 1827 provides: XIII, Constitution of the Philippines). "Lands in public forests, not in­ In the United States, the term "public cluding forest reserves, upon the cer­ land" is habitually used to designate such tification of the Director of Forestry lands as are subject to sale or other dis­ that said lands are better adopted and more valuable for agricultural than posal under general laws, and are not held for forest purposes and not required back or reserved for any special govern­ by the public interests to be kept un­ mental or public purpose. It does not in­ der forest, shall be declared by the clude lands to which rights have attllched Department Head to be agricultural and become vested through full compliance lands." with an applicable land laws.6 Agricultural Land Under Commonwealth In acts of Congress of the United States Act 141.-0bserve that in the foregoing the term "public lands" is uniformly used quotation there are two steps to be taken to describe so much of the national domain in the assignment of forest land for agri­ under the legislative power of Congress as cultural purposes, firstly, certification of the has not been subjected to right or devoted Director of Forestry and, secondly, declara­ to public use.& tion (in the form of Forestry Administra­ tive order) by the Department Head. The Agricultural Public Lands Under Act of "lands in the public forests" so certified Congress of July 1, 1902.-Section 18 of and declared from the public lands (Alien­ this Act gives an almost precise definition able and Disposable) in contemplation of of "Agricultural public land" when it makes Commonwealth Act 141, otherwise known the determination of whether the land is as the Public Land Act. They are lands more valuable for agricultural than for for­ being open to private appropriation and est uses the test of its character. Under settlement by homestead, sale, free patent, this section, which is quoted earlier in this lease, etc. paper, no timber land of the public do­ Public Agricultural Land as Construed main shall be sold, leased or entered until By the Supreme Court.-ln the famous case the Government through the Forestry Bu­ of Krivenko vs. Register of Deeds of Ma­ reau has certified that said land is more nila (44 O.G. 471), the Supreme Court, valuable for agricultural than for forest among other things, ruled: purposes, and shall declare such land so "When Section l, Article XIII, of certified as agricultural in character. the Constitution, with reference to lands of the public domain, makes Agricultural Public Land Under Act No. mention of only agricultural, timber 926.-Under Act No. 926 the phrase "agri­ and mineral lands, it undoubtedly cultural public land" means "those public means that all lands of the public do­ lands acquired from Spain which are not tim­ main are classified into three groups; ber or mineral lands." It can thus be namely, agricultural, timber and min­ eral. And this classification finds cor­ gleaned that public agricultural land can roboration in the circumstance that at only be determined by a process of exclu­ the time qf the adoption of the Con­ sion - by first determining whether the land stitution, that was the basic classifica­ is forestal or mineral. But this implica­ tion existing in the public laws and tion was nullified by the provision of Sec­ judicial decisions in the Philippines, and the term "public agricultural tion 1827 of the Revised Administrative lands" under the said classification Code. has always been construed as refer-

6 Cited. Montano vs, Insular Government, 12 Phil. 572.

Page 18 FORESTRY LEA YES ring to those lands that are neither policy were adopted when the Philippine timber nor mineral, and as including Bureau of Forestry was organized in 1900. residential lands. It may safely be The same principles of the Spanish forest presumed, therefore, that what the members of the Constitutional Con­ laws were restated in the Act of Congress vention had in mind when they draft­ of July I, 1902. ed the Constitution was this well­ 6. The Bureau of Forestry was reorgan­ known classification and its technical ized in 1904 after the completion of the meaning then prevailing . . ." investigation and report by Gifford Pinchot, Chief of the U.S. Forest Service. The For­ SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION est Law of 1904, Act No. 1148 of the Phil­ Summary and findings of facts.-This ippine Commission, and the regulations pro­ dissertation reveals the following: mulgated thereunder were largely based on I. In Philippine jurisprudence there is a said report. The same spirit of the laws prima facie presumption that land, unless enforced by the Inspeccion General de Mon­ the contrary is shown, is agricultural in tes was breathed into said Act No. 1148 nature. which formed the basis of the present ba­ 2. The five major natural resources of sic forest law contained in Chapter 47 of the country, exclusive of human resources, the Revised Administrative Code. are, in the order of value, forest, land, min­ 7. Forest lands, under a land policy sired eral, animal and fisheries. With their values and bred as it were by the Inspeccion General reduced to percent, forest is 80; land, 12; de Montes along conservative European for­ mineral, 4; animal, 3; and fisheries, I. The estry practices, get first priority considera­ most valuable resource - forest - is being tion. Before land could be declared as dissipated with ruthless abandon on the not a part of the zonas forestales, its agri­ mistaken notion that land once divested of cultural character must be shown and certi­ trees becomes agricultural. fied. As a matter of fact one of the condi­ 3. The Royal Order of 1863 charged the tions for the validity of any land title ob­ Inspeccion General de Montes, among other tainable during the Spanish regime was that things, with the duty to intervene in con­ said title must bear the dry seal and rub­ cessions of mountain lands and transactions ric of the Inspector General de Montes. or affairs related to lands and forests. Thus 8. Forest land does not necessarily mean originated the policy that land must be fa­ forested land. In England it includes waste­ vorably passed upon by the Forestry Bu­ land. In Scotland even a treelss area is reau before it could be disposed of or sub­ viewed as forest land. In the Philippines ject to private control. it is any land not devoted to, or unfit for, 4. Royal Decree of June 25, 1888 and the growing of agricultural crops. For legal Royal Decree of August 31, 1888 prescribed purposes the meaning of "forest land" can proceedings on land cases subject to adjust­ be gleaned from Section 1820 of the Re­ ment title (Composicion con el estado). vised Administrative Code, quoted earlier in Adjustment title could not be had without this paper. the intervention of the Inspector General 9. Under the Spanish forest laws then de Montes. Royal Decree of February 13, applicable in the Philippines, land, unless 1894 (the Maura Law) and the Spanish the contrary was shown, formed part of Mortgage Law gave emphasis to the fact the forest zones or forest lands (zonas fo­ that before lands could come under the restales). The royal orders and decrees cit­ said laws, the same were not part of the ed earlier in this write-up established the zonas f orestales. policy of land classification which was adopt­ 5. The Spanish forest laws and forest ed in Section 18 of Act of Congress of

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 19 1902. The identical provision in our pres­ susceptible to cultivation is agricultural in ent forest law is Section 1827 of the Re­ nature. The forest resource of the coun­ vised Administrative Code. The former (Sec­ try is 80% of the leading five natural re­ tion 18) used the phrase "timber land form­ sources and the land resource, 12%. Eighty ing part of the public domain" and the lat­ percent (80%) of the total of five of the ter (Section 1827) uses "lands in public most valuable natural resources is something forests." Considering that "public forest" to reckon with in the economy of the coun­ under Section 1820 of the Revised Admin­ try; and with more reason if the stability istrative Code "includes, except as other­ of that economy is geared to those natural wise specially indicated, all unreserved pub­ resources. Destroy them and the economy lic land including nipa and mangrove swamps of the country goes down with them. Con­ and all forest reserves of whatever charac­ sidering only the actual value of our for­ ter," any land of public ownership whether est resource which is 80% as against 12% it is timbered or not must be certified as of our land resource - which of these re­ more valuable for agricultural than for for­ sources should be benefited by a prima facie est purposes by the Director of Forestry presumption of law, the better to effect its before it can be declared as agricultural protection? land by the Department Head. The inten­ After delving deep into the wisdom of tion of the legislators for the change in the pertinent laws enforced during the Span­ the phraseology of the law looms clearly ish regime, rationalizing as to the intents manifest: That land of the public domain and purposes of said laws not only as a unless it is certifted and declared as agri­ cultural land by competent authorities is Member of the Philippine Bar but also as forest land or forestry in nature. a technically trained forester in his own right, this writer believes and so holds that 10. A portion of land in the Philippines the doctrine, "the presumption should be, is a part of the public domain unless the in lieu of contrary proof, that land is agri­ contrary is shown. One who alleges pri­ cultural in nature," is a fallacy. It is re­ vate ownership must come with incontro­ pugnant to the intents and purposes of the vertible proofs. laws which have been carried forward from 11. A portion of unclassified or unre­ the lnspeccion General de Montes and ob­ served public domain is part of the public noxious to the conservative land policy of forest. (Sec. 1820, Rev. Adm. Code). the Department of Agriculture and Natural 12. Public forest land or public forest is Resources. much greater in scope than public agricul­ tural land. As a matter of fact, the ra­ On the other hand, the infallible ways tionale of all the pertinent laws emphasized of nature under Philippine silvical and eco­ that there is no agricultural public land logical conditions; the spirit breathed into unless the same has been classified and de­ the provisions of the pertinent laws sup­ limited from the public forest and certi­ ported by contemporaneous construction, fied and declared as more valuable for agri­ public policy and actual practice by the De­ cultural than for forest purposes. (Sec. partment of Agriculture and Natural Re­ 1827, Revised Administrative Code). sources; and the rational optimum use of Conclusion.-Our forests are being reck­ our natural resources dictated by economic lessly destroyed on the mistaken notion that necessity - the presumption under this jur­ land once divested of trees becomes agri­ isdiction should be: Land of the public do­ cultural. Illogically, too, it is generally be­ main, unless otherwise shown, is forest land lieved by legal practitioners that any land or forestry in nature."

Pa9e 20 FORESTRY LE.A YES Kraft Papers from Philippine Fibrous Raw Materials 1 By MANUEL R. MONSALlJD2 and JAIME 0. ESCOLAN02

ABSTRACT health and sanitation standards and the gen­ eral advancements in living standards all call A preliminary study was made on the for more paper. production of wrapping and bag papers from Here in the Philippines it is a common Philippine raw materials. Thirty one ex­ sight, especially in small towns and rural perimental kraft papers were made from areas, to see leaves of plants and old news­ Philippine woods, bamboos and agricultural papers used for wrapping food and other waste fibers, using standardized processing items purchased from local markets and details. stores. Such wrappings are not only un­ Acceptable wrapping and bag papers were sightly but also unsanitary. They are re­ produced from many of the species used. sorted to by sellers primarily because of No attempt was made to refine the pro­ the scarcity and high price of paper bags cessing details to overcome shortcoming ob­ and wrapping paper. And yet the country served in the properties of some of the has abundant supplies of raw materials from species although it is believed that much which a great variety of papers can be can be done in this direction. Enough was made. Research on practical methods of accomplished to demonstrate that it is tech­ converting these raw materials into mar­ nically possible for the Philippines to pro­ ketable papers is urgently needed. It is duce all the bag and wrapping papers it appropriate, therefore, that the production needs from its own fibrous materials. of pulp and paper constitutes one of the principal fields of investigation at the For­ INTRODUCTION est Products Research Institute. The Philippines urgently needs to dev­ There are many processes for making elop its own pulp and paper making in­ pulp, of course, and literally hundreds of dustry, using local woods and other fibers. kinds of paper can be produced. No study Importation of pulp and paper products into program can cover them all at once. The the Philippines has averaged around 50,000 investigation described in this report was tons per year in recent years but it is confined to the production of wrapping and increasing at a rapid rate. Industrial dev­ bag papers from pulps made by the "kraft" elopments such as the manufacture of ce­ or sulfate process. ment and fertilizer require more paper for The kraft process, which was invented shipping bags. ·Prepackaging of foods is on m 1879 by C. F. Dahl, a Swedish citizen, the increase, as a sanitation measure and is a chemical process in which wood chips as an aid to marketing. Increasing popula­ or other fibrous materials are "cooked" at tion, increasing literacy, improvements in fairly high temperatures and pressures in

1 Prepared for presentation at the meeting of the Philippine Institute of Chemical Engineers on December 13, 1958. 2 Respectively Chief, Chemical Investigations Division and Research Chemist, Forest Products Re­ search Institute, College, Laguna.

Moving-Up Doy Issue, March, 1959 Page 21 a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium With wood chips, abaca and bamboo, the sulfide. The cooking operation dissolves percentages were 15 percent and 5 percent away a large part of the lignin and other respectively. With abaca and bagasse the unwanted materials, leaving the fibers in ratio of pulp liquor to dry solids in the condition for washing and other processing digester was 6 to I, while with wood chips into the finished paper. The yield of fin­ and bamboo it was 4 to I, including in each ished pulp depends in part upon the raw case the moisture in the material as a material used and in part upon the pro­ part of the liquor. cessing details but, with hardwood chips, In the pulping process for all these mat­ yields of unbleached pulp of about 44 per erials the temperature of the cook was raised cent (oven-dry basis) are commonly ob­ from room temperature to I 70°C. over a tained. period of 1-1/2 hours and maintained at The kraft process produces strong pulps I 70°C. for another 1-1 /2 hours, making a that are especially suitable, in the unbleached total pulping time of three hours. condition, for wrapping paper, grocery bags The pulping was done in a small pres­ and even the extra strong bags used in sure digester that was steam jacketed and shipping cement, fertilizer and other com­ was rotated at about one R.P.M. during the modities. The pulps may also be bleached pulping period. About 2-1/2 kilos of chips and converted into a wide variety of other or fibrous raw materials were used per high-quality papers. charge. The moisture content of each charge In this investigation pulps have been was determined and its oven-dry-solids con­ made thus far by the kraft process from tent was computed and this was used as some 24 species of wood singly or in mix­ the basis for calculating the quantity of ture and also from abaca waste, sugar cane chemicals and pulp liquor required. bagasse and bamboo. Other species will be At the end of the 3-hour digestion period included later, as the study continues. the pulp was discharged into a screen box pro­ vided with a 100-mesh, stainless-steel, screen­ Pulp Preparation wire bottom which retained the pulp but The woods and bamboos were chipped allowed the pulp liquor to flow through. and screened to produce chips about 5/8- After draining out the pulp liquor, the pulp inch in length. The abaca waste was cut was thoroughly washed in the box with to about 1/2-inch lengths but the bagasse softened water and then passed through a was used as it came from the bale, without vibrating screen to remove the coarser parti­ further cutting. Part of the bagasse was cles and fiber bundles. After screening, the first run through a depithing process in free water was pressed from the pulp, its a hydrapulper to r~move fine particles, pith, moisture content was determined and the and dirt but part of it was pulped directly, yield of pulp calcu!ated on the oven-dry without depithing. basis. The pulp was not bleached because The pulping chemical consisted of a solu­ that is not required for most grades of tion of sodium hydroxide and sodium sul­ bag and wrapping paper. fide, the amount of chemical used being based on the oven dry weight of the material Paper Making being pulped. With bagasse, the solution The pulp, after adequate beating, was was as follows: made into paper on a "Midget" fourdrinier NaOH (calculated as Naz()) 8 percent experimental paper machine which produces of dry weight of material. a continuous sheet of paper 8-1/2-inches Na2S (calculated as Naz()) 4 percent wide. For each paper machine run, from of dry weight of material. 1 to 1.5 kilos of unbleached pulp, oven-

Page 22 FORESTRY LEAVES dry basis, was utilized. The pulp was placed with in this study. The fiber measurements in a 5-lb. pulp beater and beaten to from were made by the Wood Technology Divi­ 300 cc. to 400 cc. Canadian standard free­ sion of the Institute. ness in accordance with T APPi Standard Table II shows the proximate chemical method (T-227 m-50) (9). analyses of the different species investigated When the above mentioned freeness value while Table III shows the results of the was attained, the beater roll was raised but physical tests made on the papers. the circulation of the slurry in the beater was continued for a few more minutes. The Discussion of Results pH value of the pulp slurry in the beater From Table I, it can be seen that acacia was then brought down to 6.0 with sulfuric (Samanea saman) exhibited the shortest acid. fiber length (.87 mm.) of this group while One percent rosin size, based on the oven­ almaciga (Agathis philippinensis), the long­ dry weight of the pulp used, was added est (5.31 mm.). This table shows the well­ to the slurry and mixed thoroughly therein. known fact that, as a group, softwoods have Next, 2% paper alum (aluminum sulfate) longer fiber than hardwoods although there on the oven-dry weight of the pulp was may be individual exceptions. The abaca added with agitation and the whole stuff fibers were quite long and the bamboo and discharged from the beater into the machine bagasse fibers exceeded in length most of chest where the slurry was diluted to about the hardwoods included in this study. 0.5% consistency with sgftened water while In technical literature, it is mentioned being thoroughly agitated by means of a that there exists a simple straight-line rela­ high speed agitator. The addition of alum tionship between fiber-length index of pulp reduced the pH value further, to between and the tearing strength of the paper made 4.5 and 5.0. from it. Casey (4) wrote: "In general, it The mixture was next pumped to the might be stated that tearing resistance and, stuff box of the paper machine and made to a lesser extent, folding endurance are into unbleached kraft or wrapping paper basically dependent upon fiber length ... the thickness of which ranged from 2.6 to In comparison, bursting and tensile strength 5.5 mils, according to the rate at which are more affected by fiber bonding than the pulp slurry was fed onto the machine by fiber length." wires. Vincent and White, as cited by Casey, believe that fiber length, in the case of Paper Testing chemical pulps, plays an important part only The rolls of wrapping papers made in when the fibers are greater than 0.3 mm. this study were cut into 8" x 10-1/2" sheets in length. They believe that the bursting and conditioned at 73°F. and 50% relative strength, tensile, and folding endurance tend humidity in the lnstitute's paper-testing to increase as the average fiber length is room, usually overnight, until the sheets increased from 0.3 to 0.9 mm., and then reached constant weight. The tests on their to decrease with further increase in fiber physical properties, such as thickness, ream length. "However, tearing strength tends weight, density, tear, burst, tensile, folding to increase with fiber length indefinitely." endurance, etc., were made on each experi­ Table II shows that in holocellulose con­ mental paper in accordance with standard tent, abaca gave the highest result (7 l.6%) methods promulgated by T APPi (9). and tuai, the lowest (51.3%). In lignin Table I shows the official common names, content abaca shows the lowest (14.8%) and scientific names, and average lengths of tuai, the highest (42.0%). In silica content, fibers of the fibrous raw materials dealt buho was highest (7.45%). For pentosan,

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 23 abaca registered the highest percentage ing wrapping or bags can be made from (34.3%) while almaciga, the lowest (0.4%). the sulfate pulps of many local fibrous raw In considering the data of Table Ill it materials such as agricultural wastes, bam­ should be remembered that there is still boos, softwoods and hardwoods. much that can be done in producing pulp If specifications are not too rigid, the and paper to influence the properties of the sulfate pulp of practically any local fibrous finished product. The papers made in this raw material can be made into serviceable survey were all first trials. No attempt kraft paper for use locally. has been made, as yet, to improve the pro­ The pulping in one digestion of a mix­ perties of the papers from the individual ture of several hardwoods and a softwood species. Work of that kind still lies ahead is feasible. of us. The values given in this paper, therefore, are not necessarily final values. Literature Cited None of the paper samples being shown l. Anonymous. Encyclopedia Brittanica. around can be considered a finished product Published by William Benton. Vol. ready for the market. Much experimental 17, p. 289. work will be necessary to determine the pro­ 2. Anonymous. Federal specification (Pa­ cessing conditions required for best results. per kraft, wrapping). UU-P268C. 23 These samples, however, have the distinction April, 1951. Superintendent of Docu­ ments, Washington 25, D.C. of being the first papers (to our knowledge) 3. Anonymous. Use of bleached cold-soda made on a paper machine in the Philippines pulps from certain mixtures of Latin­ from locally made pulps of Philippine woods, American hardwoods in newsprint. T- bamboos, and agricultural wastes. 2013, Forest Products Laboratory, It can be seen from Table Ill, that in Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., p. 7. bursting strength African tulip exhibited the 4. Casey, James P. 1952. Pulp and paper. Vol. I, pp. 160, 390. highest (1.06 pts. per lb. per rm.) while 5. Labarre, E. J. 1952. Dictionary and agoho, the lowest (0.371 pts. per lb. per rm.). encyclopedia of paper and papermak­ In tensile strength, expressed as breaking ing. length in meters, malakalumpang registered 6. Monsalud, Manuel R. 1958. Bond and the strongest (8480 m.) while almaciga, the wrapping papers from suj?ar cane ba­ weakest (4180 m.). In tearing resistance, gasse. Fore~try Leaves, Vol. 11, No. almaciga showed the highest (3.00 grams/ 1, pp. 35-49. lb./rm.) while anabiong the lowest (0.849 7. Monsalud, Manuel R. 1958. Standard­ ized pulping evaluation of three wood gm./lb./rm.). species, African tulio (Spathodea cam­ Table Ill also shows that the kraft paper panulata), almon (Shorea almon), and made from the pulp of a mixture of nine paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyri­ hardwoods and one softwood, cooked toge­ fera), Forestry Leaves, Vol. 10, No. 4, ther in equal proportions exhibited fair p. 26. strength characteristics. 8. Soriano, Andres. 1952. Brief of the pulp and paper project of San Miguel Conclusion Brewery, Inc., Bislig Bay Lumber Company, Inc., and A. Soriano y Cia., The results of this study show that com­ pp. 8-9. pared with U. S. Federal specifications or 9. Standard and suggested methods of the with the kraft paper made from imported Technical Association of the Pulp ,and Paper Industry, 155 East 44th Street, kraft pulp, or with fertilizer bags imported New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A. from Sweden and Japan tested in this Insti­ 10. Witham, Sr. G. S. 1942. Modern pulp tute (6), fair to good kraft papers for mak- . and papermaking, pp. 15, 18-19, 209.

Page 24 FORESTRY LEAVES Table I. Average fiber measurements of the species of Philippine fibrous raw materials used in this study AVERAGE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAMES FIBER LENGTH (mm.)

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES I. Abaca Musa textilis Nee 3.15 2. Sugar cane bagasse Saccharum officinarum L. 1.67 BAMBOOS 3. Bayog Dendrocalamus merrilianus (Elm.) Elm. 2.07 4. Bu ho Schizostachyum lumampao (Blanco) Merr. 2.42 5. Pole-vault bamboo Phyllostachys nigra Munro 1.86 HARDWOODS 6. Acacia Samanea saman (J acq.) Merr. 0.87 7. African tulip Spathodea campanulata Beauv. 0.92 8. Ago ho Casuarina equisetifolia L. 1.04 9. Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 1.20 10. Api tong Dipterocarpus grandiftorus Blanco 1.56 11. Balakat-gubat Sapium luzonicum (Yid) Merr. 1.27 12. Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz. 1.50 13. Gu bas Endospermum peltatum Merr. 1.62 14. lpil-ipil Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. 1.01 15. Kaatoan bangkal Nauclea horsfieldii (Miq.) Salv. (comb. nov.) 1.43 16. Lanipau Terminalia crassiramea Merr. 1.41 17. Lisak Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr. 1.40 18. Malakai um pang Sterculia ceramica R. Br. 1.57 19. Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 0.95 20. Red lauan Shorea negrosensis (Foxw.) 1.59 21. Tangile Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr. 1.28 22. Tangisang-bayawak Ficus variegata Blume 1.26 23. Toog Petersianthus quadrialata Merr. 2.36 24. Tuai Bischofia javanica Blume 2.19 25. White lauan Pentacme contorta (Yid.) Merr. & Rolfe 1.37 SOFTWOODS 26. Almaciga Agathis philippinensis Warb. 5.31 27. Benguet pine Pinus insularis End!. 3.45 28. Mindoro pine Pinus merkusii jungh. & De Yr. 4.00

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 25 .,, D ID Ill TABLE II. PROX.IMATE CHE:\IAICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PHILIPPINE N FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS USED IN THIS STUDY 0\ Solubility in hot- Solubility Alcohol water af- in hot- Solubility SPECIES A•h benzene ter alcohol water Lignin Holo- Pen- Silica in 1% extract benzene w/o prior cellulose tosan NaOH extraction leachintr

VALUES IN PERCENTAGE OF OVEN-DRY WEIGHT AGRICULTURAL WASTES 1. Abaca 5.7 2.8 5.1 5.6 14.8 71.6 34.3 1.42 39.8 2. Sugar cane bagasse (undepithed) 2.39 2.8 3.1 3.8 20.5 71.2 23.7 1.41 35.0 3. Sugar cane bagasse (depithed) 0.8 1.8 - 4.5 22.3 19.2 0.47 28.6 BAMBOOS 4. Bayog 4.2 3.6 3.4 6.1 24.4 66.5 23.8 2.1 26.1 5. Buho 9.5 1.7 4.4 5.6 20.6 6!i.9 21.5 7.45 28.1 6. Pole-vault bamboo HARDWOODS 7. Acacia a 2.0 7.1 4.6 8.6 25.3 63.8 17.9 1.19 26.7 8. African tpulip a 1.8 3.7 4.5 8.3 27.1 63.1 16.1 0.07 li.7 9. Agoho 0.8 2.5 2.2 4.1 26.1 68.4 19.4 13.0 10. Anabiong 1.5 2.1 3.4 4.5 22.1 70.9 20.6 0.04 18.6 11. Apitong 1.5 8.1 2.1 6.3 28.9b 60.3 16.5 1.02 21.1 12. Balakat-gubat 3.8 4.1 2.4 6.7 23.2 66.5 17.0 2.2 17.0 13. Balobo 3.9 6.0 3.5 8.9 27.7 58.9 16.2 - 21.3 14. Gubas a 1.3 1.9 2.9 4.2 27.7 66.3 16.6 15.4 15. lpil-ipil 0.8 7.8 2.7 5.7 25.6 63.2 17.9 18.6 16. Kaatoan bangkal e 0.8 3.8 2.6 5.9 23.8 69.0 21.2 20.2 17. Lanipau 0.7 1.5 4.0 3.4 30.5 63.3 17.1 13.9 ~ 18. Lisak 0.7 6.6 2.3 8.5 31.4 59.0 15.2 15.1 0 < 19. Malakalumpang a 2.8 2.9 !i.6 7.3 22.3 66.5 12.8 0.20 21.5 ;· 20. Paper mulberry• 1.5 3.5 2.4 5.2 19.8 70.0 20.0 0.21 21.1 ID I 21. Red lauan c 0.3 3.9 2.2 4.3 33.7 59.9 c: 10.7 18.3 "Cl 22. Tangile (veneer core) 0.4 6.2 11.8 23. Tangisang-bayawak a 4.4 4.2 4.8 9.4 27.3 60.0 15.2 0.06 21.4 0 D ~4. Toog 2.5 3.5 0.9 2.5 37.4 55.7 12.7 1.8 17.9 '< 25. Tuai 1.1 1.4 4.2 5.8 42.0 51.3 9.7 29.4 iii 26. White lauan d 1.0 3.6 1.7 2.8 29.4 64.3 14.3 13.9 ..c SOFTWOODS !' 27. Almaciga 0.3 1.5 2.1 34.2 0.4 14.3 ~ 28. Benguet pine 0.3 2.0 1.4 1.5 33.3 63.0 12.0 11.4 D n.. 29. Mindoro pine 0.5 11.3 17.5 T - a Average of 2 samples e Average of 3 samples '°VI b Lignin including ash d Average of 4 samples '° TABLE Ill. TEST RESULTS ON EXPERIMENTAL KRAFT PAPERS MADE FROM ~ SOME PHILIPPINE FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS 0 < ;· Ream Average Average ID Machine Test (100% each species) weight Thick- Den- Burst- tearing Average folrling I run No. Pulp furnish (25 x 40- ness sity ing res is- ten.sile endur- ,,c: No. 600) strength ta nee strength ance 1 Gm. per Pts./lb. Gms./lb. B.L. in Double ~ Lbs. Mills cc. per rm. per rm. meters folds '< AGRICULTURAL WASTES iii 127 112 Abaca SS.2 3.84 0.79S 0.732 1.32 S970 886 ..c 63 87 Sugar cane bagasse ( undepithed) 38.4 2.7 0.787 0.7S9 0.920 6419 284 !D 116 lOS Sugai' cane bagasse (depithed) 82.4 S.38 0.848 0.800 1.17 S640 47S ~ BAMBOOS ~ Bay cg 38.S 3.70 O.S76 0.'729 1.63 SS60 323 ft 6 6 :" 1\9 12 Buho 48.0 3.70 0.718 O.SlS l.S8 SOSO 136 - 129 llS Pole-vault bamboo 61.1 4.96 0.681 0.546 1.01 SS80 Sl "°VI HARDWOODS S3 46 Acacia 42.7 3.0S 0.774 0.7S2 1.03 6SOO 103 '° S7 92 African tulip 68 7 4.20 0.90S 1.06 1.01 7800 986 12S 113 Ago ho 47.0 4.07 0.639 0.371 0.979 4260 8 142 126 Anabiong 41.9 2.6 0.891 0.778 0.849 6980 441 10 13 A pitong 61.4 s.so 0.617 O.Sl8 l.2S SS90 61 26 21 Balakat-gubat 36.7 2.60 0.781 0.772 0.866 6830 271 8 18 Balobo 30.7 3.30 O.Sl4 0.743 1.46 S840 174 140 123 Gubas S0.2 3.S4 0.784 O.SS2 1.26 S740 248 93 80 Ipil-ipil S2.8 3.90 0.749 0.702 0.9S6 S310 71 141 12S Kaatoan-bangkal S0.3 8.3 0.843 0.697 0.964 6902 161 4 s Lanipau S4.S 4.00 0.7S4 0.870 1.73 6940 433 118 109 Lisak 45.7 3.37 0.7SO 0.776 1.68 6000 234 62 68 Malakalumpang 40.0 2.74 0.807 1.04 1.27 8480 326 42 49 Paper mulberry 43.2 2.98 0.802 0.93S 0.91S 80SO 328 60 67 Red lauan 39.6 2.80 0.782 0.724 l.SS 6030 97 138 124 Tangile (veneer core) 40.4 3.1 0.721 0.488 1.20 S831 303 49 S6 Tangisang-bayawak 44.4 3.20 0.767 0.94S 0.877 7290 369 2 1 Toog S6.2 4.80 0.648 0.672 1.83 S930 2SO 111 98 Tuai S3.4 3.80 0.777 0.630 l.S3 S840 226 89 86 White lauan 41.6 3.96 0.581 0.4SO l.SS 4490 48 128 114 Wood mixture ( 10 species) 41.8 3.S2 0.6S7 0.479 1.20 S030 36 SOFTWOODS 124 110 Almaciga 47.2 3.7S 0.697 0.443 3.00 4180 6SO 3S 36 Benguet pine SS.8 4.30 0.718 0.6S6 1.99 6040 1260 137 119 Mindoro pine S2.6 3.93 0.740 0.472 2.29 S080 424 U.S. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WRAPPING PAPERS - GRADE B 46.32 -- 0.6049 1.619 114 101 Commercial kraft pulP2 S9.3 s.os 0.649 O.S53 2.320 3937 466 "Ill D ID 1 Since the papers were not all of the same thickness and the results were not calculated to a uniform base, these data on fold- ID ing endurance are not necessarily characteristic of the species and have limited usefulness...... 2 This pulp came from Canada and was said to have been made from western fir and hemlock. The kraft paper from it was ...... made and tested at the Forest Products Research Institute. Compliments ol: Compliments ol:

Blas M. White Sawmill Vivencio Ronquillo Dealer ol Best Quality Lumber Lumber Dealer and 0. T. Licensee

Taft Sarnar San Jose Occ. Mindoro

Compliments ol: Compliments ol: Acebedo Optical Company With Branches Throughout the Loyzaga Lumber Mill Philippines 0. T. Licensee and Sawmill Opeiator

Main Ollice: 416 Estero Cegado, Sta. Cruz, Manila San Jose Occ. Mindoro

Compliments ol: Compliments ol:

San Jose Lumber and A. A. Munda Overseas Construction Supply Trading Loi Ezporters

San Jose Occ. Mindoro Davao City

Compliments of: Compliments ol: Go Pun Lumber Yard Isabelo Z. Abeleda and Sawmill Operator and 0. T. Licensee Iloilo Lumber Company GO PUN - Proprietor San Jose Occ. Mindoro 761-767 Iznart St. Tel. 805-R Iloilo City

Compliments ol: Compliments ol:

Maximo Lobitoiia St. Joseph Lumber

Oroquita Misamis Occidental Tel. 53 Iloilo City

Compliments ol: Compliments ol:

Aldan Lumber Company Uy Sumoy

Kalibo Aklan Silay Negros Occidental

Page 28 FORESTRY LEAVES An JntrPductiPH fP PltPfPprammetr11 By BERNHARD SEND Engineer, Zeiss-Aerotopograph

Introduction ture is, therefore, valuable aid in surveying. Measuring, and hence surveying, is an In the forestry branch it is absolutely old art, an art which has been developed necessary for planning, to know the inven­ and practised in all civilized countries of the tory of your forest. The aerial photo­ world. It is now being practised to an even graph can be used for forest road construc­ greater extent than ever before. What was tion, for logging, for taxation, surveys, for formerly an art which concerned only a calculating the forest areas, for timber sur­ comparatively small group of person!', has vey and for many other purposes. now become a general practice for govern­ ments. Now-a-days, surveying is an indis­ Photography pensable pre-requisite for all technical pro­ Single photographs.-Each photograph gress, development of natural resources and can be interpreted and if we have used as the exploitation of the products of the mapping camera where the focal length is earch. Surveying also provides the basis for known, we can determine distance on the the development of the communication sys­ photograph. With a correct vertical photo­ tem of any country. It permits planning graph taken from an airplane, we can ob­ and construction of roads, highways, rail­ tain a copy of the earth's surface. roads, bridges and power plants, human The scale of the whole photograph is settlements. It facilities economic exploi­ equal or uniform if the terrain is plane. tation of the land and the definition of pro­ If there are differences in heights, the scale perty boundaries. is unequal, because there are radial dis­ As early as the turn of the century it placements in the photograph due to the was realized that this huge job could not central projection. (See Figures I and 2.) longer be done with classical methods: i.e., A top of a mountain will have a greater with tape and theodolite. In this age of f'n­ scale in the picture than a valley because gineering and technical progress, ~he sur­ the top of the mountain is nearer to the veying of a territory had to produce accurate camera lens. (Figure 9.) If during ex­ and useful results at a much faster rate than posure the came has had an inclination (tilt before. Obsolete maps have little use, good or tip) the scale in the photograph will figures and measurement are not valuable, differ. (projective deformation.) (Figure if the projects that were surveyed have been 4.) The scale in the photograph can be changed long ago. calculated, when we compare a true dis­ Reliable results in a minimum of time tance in the field with the distance in the must be achieved in any surveying project. picture. In accordance with his requirement, photo­ Stereoscopic photographs. - Interpreta­ grammetric methods have been increasingly tion is much better, however, if instead of utilized. A special advantage of photogram­ a single photograph, we have a pair of ph_otos metric procedure is its speed. The photo­ taken from two different point and view graph, especially in form of the aerial pie- them stereoscopically. These two photo-

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 29 graphs must be placed and oriented in such tric works we have special aerial survey a manner that we can see the details in cameras. The lens in such a camera should the left photograph with the left eye, and be practically distortion-free, with high speed those in the right one with the right eye. and of maximum resolving power. There (Figure 5.) This observation is known as must be strict determination of the geo­ stereoscopic vision. We can see the ob­ metric relations between lens and negative jects in space, in three dimensions. Not plane. The shutter must be between the everybody can see stereoscopically. The ob­ lens and permitting short exposure times server has to fuse the two photographs in to for the elimination of image movement due one. to the speed of the aircratt. The camera A very good aid to see stereoscopically has to be fool-proof and highly automatic is the Stereoscope. If we include two in operation. measuring marks in the observations, it will The aerial photograph is the basis of be possible to determine dimensions of the all aerial photogrammetric processes. Pre­ photographed objects. These two measur­ cision cameras are required for the econo­ ing marks can be fused by means of stereo­ mic production of topographic maps for scopic vision into one spatial mark. We large-scale cadastral surveying and for en­ call this "floating mark" in technical terms. gineering and forestry projects. Many instruments are available for measur­ This brief description has provided a ing purposes beginning with a simple paral­ general idea of photogrammetry. A much lax bar and extending to high precision longer statement would be required to pro­ instruments, for instance the Stereoplani­ vide a working understanding of the many graph C 8. technical tasks that are made easier by Aerial Photography.-For photogramme- photogrammetric methods.

Compliments of BISLIG BAY LUMBER COMPANY INCORPORATED MANUFACTURERS OF FOREST PRODUCTS

General Managers: A. SORIANO Y CIA. Office: Sawmills: Soriano Biulding Bislig, Surigao Manila, P.I. Mindanao

Cable Address: "BISLIG" Member, "Philippine Lumber Producers' Association"

Page 30 FORESTRY LEAVES Figure L

PIC.TUR.t: -- -_::--J Photo- $&.a.Le .. /l'lj, mJ = dt'sio,,~~ :\ f~c.al /.e.1-Tffh- - -- ;.J------17lj :: il'ue d.ila.-re:i z ,/J:''....r"a"e ch:. l4-"C.~

h = fly1~.1 he1j,U !.;. r r' = -=I" Ah.. /L f f " fo,;1/ lei7~f,4, r' L1,. = .1 h. f

L1 r :: /J. I' I --1!:_

I' 1 = r1d1:.t.. d, Sl--un e ~ /:,, f p.lud"1r. .'1 r' = rod;4J ,,11~,6/. ,,, lh~btr· . C = J!_= GPns/.a.1&t. b' Why Not Seedlings from Selected Seeds? By ROSALES A. JUNI

A cursory examination of the form and and branchless trees. It can be suspected growth of Benguet Pine (Pinus insularis) therefore, that the Benguet pine seeds from in the City of Baguio will show that there Baguio which were planted in Bukidnon, are groups or small stands which are more Cebu and Bohol, were mostly gathered from or less homogenous in character - exhibit­ short and limby trees. ing characteristics very similar to a seed If this seed gathering is true to Benguet tree nearby. This would show that the group pine, it could also be true to Narra (Ptero­ are the offsprings of a certain mother tree. carpus sp), Molave (Vitex parviftora), Large­ Other groups would differ from adjacent leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and stands - tending to exhibit the characteris­ other species used for reforestation. tics of their respective mother trees. That the majority of the narra, molave, Several young Benguet pine groves na­ mahogany and other species in our refor­ turally growing inside Camp john Hay in estation projects are of poor form, may Baguio, are good examples of the influence be largely attributable to non-seed selection. of mother trees on their offsprings. A group Because we collect seeds for planting un­ of saplings are limby and are not self-prun­ methodically and without regard to the form ing; another group have malformed boles; and vigor of the seed trees, the result is another group are short-holed; and another we plant more poorly-formed trees than the gr o u p are tall-stemmed, vigorous, with good-formed. straight and little-tapered boles and self­ It is high time that the Filipino forester pruning clearly obtaining. keep pace with the horticulturist who has The last group is desirable from the for­ achieved great strides in farm and orchard ester's point, but yet these well-formed and crop improvement. The foresters of Europe, vigorous Benguet pine saplings and poles United States, Australia, japan and India constitute a minority in the natural regenera­ are now actively engaged in forest tree im­ tion stands in Baguio. provement, for the last fifty or twenty years. Let's get a look at the Bureau of For­ Here in this country, we have not even estry's artificial Benguet pine plantations in started with the most fundamental step to Bukidnon, Cebu and Bohol: In the older tree improvement - seed selection. Benguet pine stands, one can readily see Indiscriminate collection of seeds for re­ that the short-holed, limby, malformed, large­ forestation purposes results in mongrel trees crowned trees are more numerous than the which are generally of average and inferior well-formed, vigorous, tall-holed and self­ qualities. Some failures in establishing for­ pruning trees. est plantations may be due largely to poor Why are these plantations like this? The seed sources, and not from other causes or answer to this would require a series of factors. studies. But one can conjecture: It is but At the present, forestry in this country natural for most tree seed collectors to is at the crossroads. Important policies and gather seeds from short than tall trees. decisive plans have to be formulated to erect Limby trees are easier to climb than tall, firmer foundations for future forestry prac-

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 31 tice. Some things have to be done now Once we start seed selection work, we or else it would be too late. also have to recognize and choose trees of We have got to start seed selection right superior or "plus" qualities for seed sources. now. Even if it means lesser amount of This would necessitate extensive and inten­ planting stock raised in our forest nurseries sive surveys in the location of high quality for planting areas to be reforested. We can seed trees. not afford to continue the past and present The next step would be to conduct tests practices of planting indiscriminately-collect­ of the behavior or development of proge­ ed seeds of assorted and dubious quality. nies from these selected seed trees under It certainly would be much better if we field conditions, for the recognition of what plant 1,000 each of narra, molave and maho­ characters are hereditary and which are due gany of good quality, rather than plant to environment. 10,000 each of the same species of poor Other work in tree improvement as cross­ quality seedlings. pollination, recognition of geographic races Present trends in forestry point to pro­ and strains, chromosome count, resistance duction of more volume and better quality to pests and disease, and many other tech­ of wood per unit area. This goal is dic­ nical phases have to be done, but these things tated by economic demands which forestry will have to be dealt with later on, while cannot disregard. If we expect the Filipino seed selection has got to be done right now. forester in the next few decades to meet the challenge of producing more and bet­ We have procrastinated too long in start­ ter wood volume per unit area, then we ing seed selection which has held the ad­ have got to start seed selection now - and vance of forestry in the Philippines. Let's not later! roll our sleeves this time and start on this job of seed selection at once!

References l. BALDWIN. H. I. 1954. Seed certifica­ tion and forest 11:enetics. jour. For­ estry 52: 654-655. 2. DUFFIELD, J. W. 1954. The imoortance of species hybridization and polyploidy in forest tree imnrovement. jour. Forestry 52: 645-646. CANTILAN LUMBER 3. WAKELEY. p_ C. 1954. The relation of geographic race to forest improve­ COMPANY ment. ,lour. Forestry 52: 653. Sh-Ow me a man who can do things, and Member: Philippine Lumber I will show you a man worth kn-Owing. Producers' Association, Inc. - H. Wellington Wood • • • It matters little where I was born, Whether my parents were rich or poor, Whether the11 shrank from the world's cold- scorn Manila Office: Or walked in the pride of wealth secure, 1007 Isaac Peral St. Adlay, Carrascal But whether I live an honest man And hold my integrity firm in my clutch P.O. Box 570 Surigao I tell 11ou, brother, plain as I am, It matters much.

II======~---= - From the Swedish

Page 3.Z FORESTRY LEA YES Transporting Logs by Splash Dams in Agusan By BERNARDO C. AGALOOS Timber Inventory Party, Carrascal, Surigao

As a boy of six, it was my favorite The use of splash dams is a simple and pastime to float match sticks down the comparatively cheap system of log trans­ gutters of our neighborhood after it rained. portation for short distances from the cut­ In my young mind's eye, those tiny sticks ting areas to log ponds which abound along were a fleet of ships under my command. Agusan river and some of its bigger tribu­ To create enough propelling force, I usual­ taries. It minimizes road construction, main­ ly dug some clayey soil and built minia­ tenance, truck hauling, fuel consumption ture dams on the concrete gutter; when and equipment upkeep. There is, however, enough water accumulated, I broke the dam, more than the dam up-float logs-release water releasing the water to carry away my flotilla routine. For instance, not any old stream in a swift, adventuresome voyage which end­ which strikes your fancy may be utilized ed at the corner drain. I never dreamed for the job. Certain requisites have to then that some eighteen years later, I was be met, not unlike a private high school to meet my boyhood diversion again in far­ graduate seeking entrance in the College away Agusan, where a man's worth is meas­ of Forestry. To be sure, stream width, ured by the string of tractors or the saw­ depth of embankment, presence of obstruc­ mills he owns. tions and water flow have to be considered. Instead of a concrete gutter, I had a Streams measuring between 5 and 8 meters fair-sized stream; for match sticks, there across near its outlet commonly make the were huge merchantable logs. My clay grade. Deep embankments are a must, to dam stood nearly four meters high and hold the water accumulating after the earth­ almost as thick, built by a snorting, growl­ en dam is constructed. Otherwise, the water ing D-6 caterpillar tractor equipped with a would merely spread around the surround­ dozer blade. Water depth at the dam site ing terrain in a flood that is deep enough was a deep 3 meters, gradually becoming to create artificial lakes where grade school shallower farther upstream until logs barely tots would love to splash and frolic in, floated. In much the same way as I used but I doubt that the logging foreman would to sail my match sticks, hundreds of logs feel the same. Big boulders, fallen trees, are transported from the interior of the slash and debris are obstructions which have forests, riding on a surging flash flood to to be cleared to allow free passage for the log ponds and collecting stations. This no­ logs when the water is released. A steady vel way of log transportation is commonly flow of water, even if the volume is not practiced in the logging areas of Upper much, is of prime importance so that a Agusan where there are numerous streams large amount of water may be held back ideally fitted for splash dams. It is re­ by the dam, large enough to float and carry sorted to during the relatively dry months scores of logs along with it when released. of July to October when rains cannot be About 3 to 7 days are needed to collect depended upon to flood the streams and the desired amount of water, depending on bring down logs from the interior. the volume of flow and size of the stream.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 33 The dam is built by continuously piling lengths of 5 to 8 meters, are carried away loose earth in gargantuan amounts, clear in a matter of 30 minutes and less from across the stream channel and is ideally done the felling areas to the log ponds, traveling with a bulldozer. No stone or wooden re­ a maximum distance of more than a kilo­ inforcements of any kind are placed since meter along the waterway. the clayey nature of the soil obtaining in Not all the logs reach destination for those places obviates their use. Besides, the rapidly receding waters leave behind logs I have been told that experience has shown that become stranded on the lee side of that discharge or release of the water held bends and sharp turns. It is not unusual back by the dam is much easier and faster to station men on these points to push without the reinforcements. On the aver­ "laggard" logs into the main current with age, a tractor can perform the job of com­ long poles. Stranded logs are either car­ pletely blocking a stream channel in a day's ried by the natural flooding of the stream time. While water is accumulating inside due to rains or in subsequent splash dams the dam, logs are yarded and dumped into that may be constructed for more payloads. the stream, usually by tractors but some Sometimes, where conditions are favorable, of the more modest logging operations em­ a staggered series of dams are constructed ploy teams of powerful carabaos for yard­ on the stream or its tributaries. Water ing and manpower to roll the logs in. A and the logs they may carry are discharged crew meanwhile tackles the task of clear­ whenever the lower dams require additional ing the water course of stumps, debris, water. In this manner, the effective dis­ slash and logs wedged between the banks tance of the system is extended. This is and boulders. not frequently done, however. The follow­ In some places, extra cleaning is done ing are the necessary equipment and per­ although not necessarily because our log­ sonnel involved in the operation of splash ging foreman is ambitious to cop the Certi­ dams: I tractor with dozer blade, 2 axes, ficate of Merit in a Clean-up Week drive, I bucking saw, 6 sharp bolos, 2 crow bars, but for more valid reasons. Overhanging a dug-out or baroto for the clearing crew branches of trees, shrubs and bushes, tangles which is composed of a foreman and 6 of vines and dense growths of talahibs are laborers; 4 to 6 men serve as lookouts to cleared from both banks to prevent snags prevent logs from being stranded. A trac­ and hitches which cause the floating logs tor operator-mechanic has an oiler-helper to jam the channel, preventing the rest of to assist him operate the machine and keep the on-coming logs from passing through, it purring like a good caterpillar tractor while the flood waters soon recede. When should. The clearing crew does its job in enough water has collected and of course three days at the most, while the lookouts enough logs have been dumped in, a slight stay on their posts for the duration of the wedg~-shaped opening is made on the top flash flood. Immediately prior to the dis­ of the earthen dam with a spade or a charge of the splash dam, a warning is similar tool, allowing the imprisoned water issued to all bancas and small water craft to escape in a strong gush; water friction plying the vicinity of the stream's mouth and pressure first cut a wider gap in the since the on-rushing waters and their load dam and in a very short while later, sweep of logs present a temporary menace. A the entire earthen structure away in a great single log hitting a frail banca can crush splash and roar which reminds me of Mo­ it with a power akin to a sledge hammer's lawin Falls during the rainy season. A blow on an orange crate. And it doesn't hundred to about twice as much logs ranging take much to imagine what can happen to in sizes from 60 ems. and more, bucked into the banca rider. (Continued on page 54)

Page 34 FORESTRY LEAVES A Dynamic Meaning of Forestry In The Light of Human Evolution By NGUYEN HOANG DAM

"What a light of an oil lamp makes vi­ tells that we are out of gear with the modern sible is easily overlooked; many more things requirements for progress. The Western we can see by torchlight but infinitely more standards came about after centuries of in the sunlight. The lighter it grows around painful, gradual evolution. Within a span us, the more unknown things become ap­ of a few years we emerged into the present parent, and it is a sure sign of shallowness, status after a period of ferment when most if anybody believes he knows it all." 1 of our national attention was concentrated Heinrich Cotta toward the struggle for indepenc!ence. In ("Anweisung zum Walbau," "retooling" for the future we are prone to Dresden, 1817) turn any universal panacea even a~ the price of sacrificing the country's potent;alities for Man's relation to the forest dates back ready-made, blue-printed solutions. to prehistoric times. Since then forestry In forestry, such an illusion, aggravated in one form or another has been practiced by the neglect of the people with regard for centuries. Only at the end of the nine­ to their forests, makes difficulties which the teenth century did it come into being as a government has to cope with in gearing definite science in some European countries forest conservation to agricultural and in­ such as Germany and France. But for dustrial programs. most Asian nations like the Philippines and The picture an ordinary man construes of Vietnam, formal forestry education has just the forest is that it is a dangerous place begun a few decades ago. haunted by spirits or a threat to men because it gives refuge to his dangerous enemies. Not As a beneficial aftermath in the recent widely known is the fact that the forest impact of the West upon Asia, we owe much constitutes a source of food, fuel, clothing, to the pioneers of Western forestry science paper, and timber for construction besides inasmuch as they introduced it into our acting as a sponge to rainfall. "Kaingineros" countries, and we still borrow and adapt or nomadic farmers still fell and burn the the experience gained by them. That is forest to make room for farm crops and why our practice of forestry lacks unity they ignore the forest as a crop by itself and consistency, that is to say, that our gen­ and a valuable crop at that. Nor is it eral public finds it intricate not because well understood that forest lands are unfit their minds remain impervious to its dic­ for agriculture and their reckless use exposes tates but because their evolutionary state them to erosion when swept by rain and needs instillation with due regarc.1 to our wind as shown by the gully-scarred land­ patterns of culture. scapes of the llocos region.2 In spite of However, the movement of opinion is that forests are now vanishing under ex­ slower than that of events and txperience cessive agricultural expansion. People do not realize fully the manifold value of a 1 Frederick J. Baker, F.E., Principles of Sil­ viculture. 2 Northern part of the Philippines.

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 35 forest to a community in terms of beneficial Nature, if left by itself, would remain un­ influences; oftentimes, even the supposedly disturbed in repeating its slow process. Only superiorly educated citizens ignore the the interference of human beings, from man, less obvious functions of the forest. How the wandering hunter, the food gatherer to would we expect the less enlightened man man, the citizen, has altered the composition not to remain indifferent in the recognition and distribution of the forests. To seek of forestry as other learned professions. Be­ remedial measures against the ~trong in­ sides, overoptimism in the inexh:iustibility roads on forests, the cognizant, responsible of timber resources results in mining out and able people have had recourse to as the present forest despite history's reminding many devices as there have existed forms us that lands with rich extensive forests be­ of political institution and social organiza­ fore had soon perished under mountains tion depending on the country's needs as of sand together with the disappearance of well as incentives, capacities and disciplines. fifteen civilizations and empires of North Following is a modest attempt to cor­ Africa and the Middle East; other countries, relate the above motivations of man's pre­ victims of their fathers' wanton forest des­ dominant thoughts and actions as well as truction, are now faced with timber fa­ perspectives in relation to forests, based on mine. a comparative analysis of human evolution. It is said that this underestimating of To understand evolution ask what life is. the importance of forest exists wnere only Life did not exist in our planet before ac­ a low degree of civilization has been at­ cording to some cosmogonic theories. From tained; in spite of that, highly developed where did it come then? Was it superna­ countries have suffered seriously the penalty turally created? During the Middle Ages of carelessness and the lack of foresight it was believed that it started from some in disposing of their natural resources. Some seeds of life (rationes seminales) deposited attribute it to the backwardness of the by God; Divine interference is illogical to country in science and technology, others scientific knowledge here. Then came the to unsound economic planning and lack of hypothesis of "spontaneous generatior." or forest education of the masses. Forest his­ formation of living beings from non-living tory all over the world declares that forest matter which was later refuted by the ex­ consciousness is best displayed by citizens periments of Pasteur, succeeded by the theory who abide by the forest laws and help di­ of importation-life is eternal and is carried rectly or indirectly to promote the national from one planetary system into another in forest policy. the form of minute living spores inside The meaning of forestry is dynamic in meteorites or by the pressure of luminous that the history and development of the solar radiations; the freezing to death and factors leading to the present state will the radiation of ultra-violet sunrays that continue their evolution beyond it, for bet­ would have killed these germs of life during ter or for worse, depending on our perspec­ the long interstellar voyage was the objec­ tives. "Biological mechanics by which for­ tion to this theory. Stanley L. Miller suc­ ests of diverse sorts have been able to per­ ceeded in 1953 in producing amino acids sist inspite of many geographic and often in the laboratory under presumed primitive catastrophic climatic changes which have earth conditions. Another modern experi­ overtaken the face of the land in more ment - protein plus nucleic acid give virus than 300 million years they are known to - conceived the notion that life evolves from have existed before the advent of man." 3 lower substances of less complexity, aban­ 3 W. H. Camp "The Forests of the Past and doning the old inert matter of the nine­ Present" in Tke World Geography of Forest Re­ sources. teenth century for the "alive" and "indes-

Page 36 FORESTRY LEAVB tructible" matter of Huxley. The trans­ man, he adapts better to the existing con­ formation of inorganic into organic sub· ditions of his environment and is more capa­ stances is real when the tree, by the pro­ ble than any other living organism in the cess of photosynthesis makes its sap and struggle for existence as understood by the tissue out of the chemicals from the soil Darwinian theory of "natural selection." through the energy of sunlight. Man has the power to control as well Suffice it to say that all living organ­ as to orient the course of his evolution isms are a mere state of matter, an "ex­ by virtue of his status; the possibilities for ternality of energy." Take again the tree future are inherent in the human present for instance; its chemical composition is condition; and not being able to determine similar to that of our body except that the next phase of evolution according to the atom of magnesium in the chlorophyll Bergson is a sign of our ignorance rather molecule replaces the atom of iron present than the impotence of evolution. in our blood. However, from that state of On the other hand, while the organic matter man has risen into the highest form evolution still continues, a new form of of organization of matter and energy through evolution has been invented based on learn­ a continuing process of evolution while other ing and inheritance of knowledge. It oper­ animal and vegetable forms have chunged ates on the social structure and, to quote but little over long periods being what Simpson again, "its possibilities arise from Huxley termed as "persistent types ...' 4 The man's intelligence and associated flexibility biologist explained furthermore that only of response. His reactions depend far less man has emerged successfully out of this than other organisms on physically inherited cosmic process. He alone knows he evolves factors, far more on learning and on per­ and is conscious of this destiny. He shows ception of immediate and new situations." qualities which make him unique and sup­ Now we are ready to let forestry ana­ erior to all other animals. He has senses lyze itself, compare itself, and justify itself which enable him to enter into contact with throughout the master traits of man's social the external environment. As a compensa­ evolution. tion to his frail body he is endowed with There is a parallelism of accretion bet­ a large, complex brain; he is the "think­ ween forestry and human progress. Man i•ng reed." He knows how to use his in­ vindicated his adaptability for survival in telligence for a purpose even in the abstract, the struggle for life by a series of technical reasoning out things speculatively and bring­ steps. Forest history records that man's ing his reflexion above all physical contin­ first reactions toward the forest had been gencies. His ambition extends beyond the urged by his instinctive quest to satisfy his harnessing of natural forces, to the conquest basic needs: by gathering food, hunting, ob­ of outer space. His liberty permits him to taining coats of skin and wool, and using decide, determine, and exercise deliberately wood for fuel and weapons besides seek­ his choice. The conscious knowing, the ing shelter against the elements. Then he succeded in the control over foo_d supply setting of a purpose to his knowledge, and followed by the domestication of animals. the freedom of selecting his targets involve At this manifestation of the Neolithic Revo­ the responsibility for finding trut:1 in order lution, he learned how to sow and reap. to regulate his actions accordingly. As Simp­ Next, he modified his environment to suit son has it, "man is a moral animal." 5 the requirements of agricultural expansion. With the above privileges invested in Since extensive forests were difficult for him to conquer, considering his primitive tools, 4 J. Huxley; Evolution in Action. 6 G. G. Simpson, The Meaning of Evolution. he used fire to beat them back in clearing

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 37 lands for farming and grazing. Strong earth. Reason for some time had been sup­ rainfall soon leached the soil of its mineral pressed by prejudice and atrophied by tra­ nutrients; these areas becoming unproduc­ ditional passivity; at last it dawned upon tive, he left them at the mercy of erosion man's mind that he should control nature and transferred to other localities (a form by cooperating and regulating his behavior of shifting cultivation which is still prac­ in accordance with her - a scientific outlook ticed today- the "kaifigin" making in the which the West prizes and "now gives readi­ Philippines or the "ray" making in Vietnam). ly to the East." It led him to discover her When man could produce more than mysteries, rationalize them, and to apply the enough food he enlarged the field of his accumulated knowledge of her laws to prac­ activities. Civilization began with the switch­ tical purposes. ing from village to urban life; soon it flour­ The attribute that the forest is universal, ished with the growth of industry and com­ abundant and renewable permits science to merce. From the dawn of civilization, wood launch into many important discoveries in had assumed many important technical func­ the multiple use of the tree. Living, it tions. Men weighed with wooden balances, reduces erosion, regulates stream flow, pro­ rode on wooden wheels, sailed on wooden tects watersheds and wildlife, improves the ships, lived in wooden houses, worshipped soil, tempers the climatic extremes, and pro­ in wooden temples, carved wooden statues, vides a source of recreation and inspiration; played music on wooden instruments. At dead, it decomposes into coal. Felled trees the Economic Revolution of the West in are used as fuel or as poles, posts and the nineteenth century, expanding te.;:hno­ piles; sawn, they are transformed into rail­ logies made exacting demands on wood and road ties or mine timbers or remanufactured other forest products as raw material and into innumerable articles which we have con­ fuel (even coal is but another form of tact with in our daily life. Logs can be wood the lignin of which is the chief parent unrolled into veneer sheets to be bonded material). into plywood; adhesives solve the problem Under this intensified exploitation of for­ of utilizing low-grade material besides di­ est resources without being replaced, the versifying the innovation of woou use in omnipresent, inexhaustible timber disap­ the ply and laminated construction. Wood peared with dangerous rapidity. This was also is broken down into molecule~ of cellu­ particularly true for Western countries where lose to be processed into paper and plastics improved cutting tools accelerated the ex­ or resynthesized into rayon. Wood waste traction. can be reconstructed into hardboard or other Most distinguished of all stimuli to civil­ insulating materials. The tree yields chem­ ization has been the invention of writing. ical substances from wood, bark, :oots, and Here again wood found its use in the manu­ leaves like yeast, sugar, alcohol, wood gas, facture of paper, an important medium for naval-stores, rubber, dyes, tannin, etc. An the recording and diffusion of literate learn­ endless list of useful products from the tree ing. The latter induced the organization is not so important here as the desire to of thought and creative expressiol'!, the pur­ inform the average knowledge that wood suit of knowledge, and the scientific method is more than fuel and lumber. Whoever of inquiry by the spread of reason. Man you might be - a conservator of natural re­ was not comp1acent enough about his sup­ sources, an intelligent farmer or any ra­ eriority over the barbarians. He wondered tional citizen - you will appreciate the pro­ about himself, his relation to the universe, tective value of the forests; in the &ame the meaning of life, and about what is manner a socialist, an economist, an indus­ worth doing and what could be done on trialist or a businessman will realize that

,.,. 38 FORESTRY LEAVES forestry offers a great deal of opportunities quent burning over forests to plant farm for the efficient employment of land and crops, a means of livelihood which some labor and the profitable investment of capi­ native inhabitants have clung to &eneration tal. "If wood were put at the service of after generation, the existing acts of tres­ man," E. Glesinger assured us, "it could pass into the forest domain, the reclama­ eliminate want. Utilization of the full re­ tion of lands for agricultural expansion, and sources of the forest will constitute a ma­ the devastation of forest products by fire, jor, bloodless, beneficient world of revolu­ insects, diseases and pests introduced by tion." 6 man; these are actual factors that diminish However, in embarking into forest util­ our forest wealth. Besides we are not sure ization one often forgets that it takes years yet as to how efficient we can regenerate for a tree to grow and natural regenera­ the cut-over virgin stands of our tropical tion cannot compensate for the loss by ac­ forests. celerated extraction. As a result two thirds Today, pressure of people on n&tur:il re­ of the forest cover of the globe have been sources does not stop at the satisfaction destroyed. Statistics7 show that more than of their basic needs but extends to the one half of the forest capital of the earth aim of catching up with more advanced is estimated to be under exploi!"ation for countries and by so doing gratifying their commercial use. The notion of "inaccessi­ national pride on economic and therefore ble" forests constituting about 55 per cent political progress. As William James said, of the total forest areas in the world gives "without too much we cannot have enough us the idea of inexhaustibility of these un­ of anything." By mining their forest not tapped reserves. For tropical forests char­ only man defeated himself in his purpose acterized by numerous species among which for freedom from want but he brought about few have outlets and by their scattered dis­ timber famine to the many to come ."A tribution, maybe their exploitation is econo­ grave error has been made in the past, an mically infeasible now, but, as soon as the error which it is important not t\l repeat, means of transportation will reach them and namely, to separate the study of frnber util­ more commercial uses and substantial mar­ ization or trade from problems relating to kets will be found, the modern logging the source, that is, the forest itself." 9 methods will speed up their liquidation in Consequently the meaning of forestry the long run if no control over cutting is onwards has reached an ever increasing mag­ made to ensure their sustained yield. So, nitude of significance in human welfare and in the yearning for our forest wealth, let progress. "Man is not a conservationist by us be reserved. We are misled in the ex­ nature" wrote J. W. Sisam. Only now, afoot pression of this wealth in terms of real to save the forest from this mistake, he units instead of annual net growth although sounded the keynote of his reformed atti­ growth has a higher rate in tropical re­ tude in regard to forests by deciding to gions because of higher temperature and establish an equilibrium between production and utilization of forest potentiai through long growing season; Erhard Rostlund point­ timber cropping and regulated cutting, and ed out that "the tropical forest potential by insuring the climatic, protective, econo­ is high, but it is well not to exag­ mic and social influences of the forest to gerate it, considering its composition and safeguard the community's welfare and pro­ commercial value." s What about the fre- gress.

6 Glesinger, The Coming Age of Wood. 9 Address by Marcel Leloup, Director, For­ 7 Unasylva, Sept., 1953. estry & Forest Products Division F AO to the 8 Erhard Rostlund, A World Geography of International Timber Conference held in Ma­ Forest Resources. rianske Lazne, Czechoslovakia.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 39 At this stage of evolution, man enhanced and regimentation of the forest into its the meaning of forestry by embodying it national economy. Greeley10 wrote: "Forest in a sixfold definition: a science, an art, history has repeated itself many times in a business, a policy, a profession znd a way the methods and devices adopted by one of life. nation after another. But the forest policy Forestry as a science searches for the of every country is something of its own knowledge of forests and the laws govern­ making, hammered out of the dominant for­ ing their development, and of thl! method ces in its own environment, incentives, and for their multiple use. disciplines. It is often an expression of As an art it seeks for the efficient util­ national character." Thus the conservative ization of the above body of scientific know­ German people who consider forest as a ledge. At least in forestry concern, there necessity to the community and national life is no other safe way of applying the know­ have systematized their forest practice. The ledge gained by the West than through for­ French having a tenacious hold on indivi­ estry education; then, to adjust the bor­ dual ownership, who have never formalized rowed techniques is not enough; we have their forestry, consider that to conserve and to develop our own for the present and manage their forest wealth is a part of the future generations. In the analysis of national health and pride. The prnctical and evolution "acquired culture," as Lippman capable people of Switzerland form for them­ puts it, "cannot be transmitted through our selves a forest education and strict policy genes; good life though attainable is never based on the "realistic acceptance of the attained and possessed once and for all. So inter-relation of mountain, soil, w2ter and what has been attained will again be lost trees. Russia, urged by the drive for in­ if the wisdom of good life is not trans­ dustrialization of the country, uses the power mitted." And man has devised means for of the state to nationalize completely the transmitting and recording knowledge ex­ forest and forest industries. The instinctive ternal to himself so that the preservation practice of conservation of the Japanese of the acquirement by society with the pro­ facilitates the popular acceptance of their cess of transmission is assured by educa­ forest land. Farmers in Scandinavian coun­ tion. tries, conscious that forest is a necessary environment and valuable crop, group among To go further in our definition of for­ themselves into cooperatives and succeed in estry, profits in terms of pecuniary gains this way more by individual initiative and make forestry a business. Since forestry education than by law enforcement. The serves also the public interest by providing disadvantage of not having timber supply service and employment to the people, by "at home" during the last two world wars assuring the welfare of the society and by has taught Britain the lesson of lack of contributing to the survival of civilization, forest policy and the necessity of including it is approved and demanded by man thus it into national planning \n order to be becomes a policy. There have been many prepared for the next emergencies. In the controversies regarding forest ownership, United States and Canada where free enter­ from the royal forest absolutism which prise and competitive private forest indus­ placed the forest under the control of a tries play the dominant role the political central authority, to the laissez-faire brought movement works as a pressure toward state about by the Economic Revolut:on which regulation of private forest lands for the recognized the rights of the individual to public interest as seen by the "New Deal" dispose of forest resources. In the middle of the Roosevelt and Truman administra- of the twentieth century we witnessed the

social trends toward more state enterprise 10 W. B. Greeley, Forest Policy.

Page 40 FORESTRY LEAVES tions and the reassertion of "Crown Own­ congru1t1es of the respective economic dev­ ership" by the Dominion. "Handling of its elopment of each country. This problem has forests, range lands and other natural re­ sprung from the lack of coordmation in sources is therefore possible only when the the national planning and of social, econo­ central government has complete authority mic and technical aptitudes. to dictate courses and methods to be fol­ Another unexpected by-product of forest lowed by both public and private agen­ policy is the negative attitude of the people cies." 11 when it is created and imposed by the gov­ From this brief survey of some trends ernment. But human nature is malleable. in the forest policy of the more advanced An attitude is formed by education of ex­ countries, it would be hazardous t1J venture perience. In some manner the public -for­ into any assertive course in forest policies, est education must aim at a more conscious because, as Arnold Toynbee said, experience habit of social judgment of forest policy. gives us enigmatic hints, not blueprinted Then the public would be enlightened, be­ instructions. ing better informed, and stop to look at For the behoof of the effect of social forestry from sheer passion and prejudice. evolution on the meaning of forestry, here Forestry develops with social evolution. is an illustration as to how closely forest Human beings have learned to conserve and policy is related to the social and economic manage the forest by domestic experiences development of the people. happening in their own countries in the It has been noted that there is a charac­ same manner as a man realizes that he teristic anomaly common to some Far East­ needs air to survive only when he is de­ ern countries which are liberally endowed prived of it. But the maintenance and with rich forests.12 Increased literacy and enlargement of the benefits of forei:try prac­ rising standard of living correspond to an tice would not be insured unless we at­ increased and diversified demand on forest tempt to perpetuate it. products, especially pulp; together with the early stages of industrialization, these call The goal is set but there must be means for heavy imported supplies of forest pro­ to reach it as well as i::ompetent persons ducts while the current exploitation in these to handle them. This is particularly true areas is "export-oriented and sekctive" re­ for most young Asian nations whose na­ sulting in unnecessary wastes. tional recovery and immaturity do not per­ On the one hand the forest policy in mit them to realize the phase of "settled this region was mostly patterned along the forestry regime" yet. line of other Western nations with different The West and the East now po5sess men conditions and outlooks. Sometimes, though who have attained a higher stage of evolu­ a good policy was made, its implementa­ tion. In forestry, these men, cognizant of tion was and is still today hampered by the vital role of forests to human progress an indifferent mentality and an inadequate and survival, feel their high duty to ful­ degree of education in the public. On the fill and orient the human behavior for better other hand it did not evolve from the racial conservation and use of the forest produc­ capacities and national initiative toward a tiveness, which sometimes approaches the country's forest resources. These clarify enough as to the reasons why the forest scale of a crusade. policy seldom meets the necessities and in- For the Western World, "foresters have followed the pattern of 'the three learned 11 S. T. Dana, Forest and. Range Policy. 12 Unasylva, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1958. professions,' namely law, theology and medi-

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Poge 41 cine in its standards of education, service ing in tottering civilization. Forestry has and devotion." 13 been and will continue to be realized and Evolution teaches us that usually the res­ measured in terms of benefits to mankind ponsibility of an individual extends to the in the form of economic, industrial and necessity of looking for help from men human service and of everlasting cont:-ibu­ when his personal resources limit his capa­ tions to the progress of civilization. That city.5 It is also true for foresters to make is why it is and ought to be so responsible available and sufficient such help for those to the president as well as to tht citizen. who seek it. In such way forestry pro­ Responsibility is an essential feature of fession looks for social and national recog­ vital organization; it is corollary to know­ nition. Today's field of knowleage is so ledge fostered by consciousness which in vast compared to the limited human men­ turn is a vital property of man. By its tality. No one can claim to have mastered virtue, ethical principles have t>volved from one science thoroughly. Society requires social necessities of man in assoc~ation with specialists in each field of knowledge; the his fellowmen as well as in the control work of each is to examine and test truths over nature with regard to welfare and sur­ pertaining to his line of endeavor; moral vival of life on earth. Creative and con­ duty requires him to reveal himself, to ex­ structive spirit of forestry is and must be ercise his profession truly, skillfully, and so kept alive, aided by science and educa­ magnanimously, and to evince without for­ tion. Human behavior reacts with mental feit the results of his judgment for sub­ pictures man construes for himself during stantiation. If he remains isolated from the his life; that is how ideas are made of and main source of prestige and power, this will their efficacy can be translated ir· action. result in the underestimating of his vital So critical those images become that they role in society. According to the ethical must be passed through the sieve of ethical standards it is wrong to fail in acquiring standards, and only those which satisfy this and disseminating some utilitarian science test of moral culture will govern our ac­ or art with good intentions; it is equally tion. Furthermore behavior in order to wrong not to promote the realization and evolve with life must not remain in static the fulfillment of such capacities. A good aphorism. The world does not consist of society needs this interaction. events only; it contains life and forestry Like any long-range policy forestry re­ practiced with consciousness offers immense quires energy to persist in the course of opportunities to work with living things such evolution; that could be supplied by an as trees. wildlife and people and to recover agency of men of broad interest and un­ one's "spiritual equilibrium." To be in rela­ derstanding, well versed in the knowledge tion with life one must put oneself !n its and experience in all technical and educa­ service with meaning and purpos(· instead tional phases of forestry, by stabilized funds of foundering into lethargic pas-;ivity. to carry out programs, and by internal, To sum up, in the adventure of life moral incentives. means of intellectual growth endowed by Confucius once taught that there are man has permitted him to acquire know­ three efficient virtues in life: "knowledge, ledge, for "knowledge is power" and the humanity, and energy"; these mcst always best way so far to acquire knowledge is go hand in hand. Men can split the atom through science. By virtue of his conscience but to split those virtues from one ano­ and reverence for life man utilizes his know­ ther would likely bring ensnarement result· ledge for creative achievement by wedding it to action governed by ethical standards 13 H. L. Shirley, Forestry and its Career Oppor­ tunities. (Continued on page 54)

Page 42 FORESTRY LEAVES 1~e u. P. eolle9e o~ 1o'tesl't~-eo'tffell Utti"e'tsit~ assistance eottl'tact-its ?nissioff U.K~ accomplis~meKfS

By FLORENCIO P. MAURICIO Instructor in Forest Management

Pursuant to Orders No. 50 of the Office assistance from the International Coopera­ of the United States Military Governor in tion Agency (ICA) similar to that enjoyed the Philippines, the Bureau of Forestry was by the College of Agriculture. In june­ organized on April 14, 1900 with Capt. july of 1955, Professor Cedric Guise of George P. Ahern as first director. He re­ Cornell University visited the College and commended the need of a forestry school immediately recommended the setting up of in his first annual report and this recom­ an assistance program with the College of mendation was strongly supported by For· Forestry. On April 25, 1957, the assistance ester Gifford Pinchot after an exhaustive contracts were signed (PiO/T-92-17-938-5029 study of Philippine forests and conditions between Cornell University and the Inter­ in 1902. The first proposed site for a national Cooperation Agency, and ICA-T-187, forestry training school was the Lamao For­ ICA-W-307 between the U.P. College of For­ est Reserve establishe din 1905. It was estry and Cornell Universiyt). The contract already in 1910, however, when a Forest provided assistance to the College of For­ School was created by Act No. 1989 as a estry for a period of three years ( 1957- department of the College of Agriculture 1960). To support this assistance program, at Los Banos for the sole purpose of train­ the National Economic Council provided ing men for service in the Bureau of For­ P96,025 for the fiscal year 1957-1958 as estry. In 1916, Act No. 2578 authorized counterpart to ICA dollar allocations in the the Forestry School as a distinct unit of amount of $30,000 from the Contract for the University of the Philippines. A con­ equipment (up to 1960) and $31,736 (special crete school building and quarters for pen­ appropriations from ICA Manila). sionados from the Bureau of Forestry for The objectives of this Contract are here­ training in the school were erected by funds under quoted: authorized by Acts 2494 and 2583. In 1949, Rep. Act 352 converted the School of For­ "The general objective of this co­ estry to College of Forestry. The Direc­ rollary agreement is to expand and tor of Forestry was designated ex-officio strengthen the overall educational pro­ gram and related operations of the Dean of the College until 1956 when the University, in order to meet the ra­ University of the Philippines assumed full pidly increasing need and demand for responsibility over the College of Forestry professional foresters and trained for­ in accordance with Reorganization Plan No. estry technicians, and to permit the 30-A under Executive Order No. 216. In University to provide those services which are expected of a major center 1954, the U.P. College of Forestry requested of forestry education and research.

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 43 "With this general objective as the provided for technical assistance in the fields ultimate goal, this corollary agree­ of forest economics, forest products, and ment seeks specifically to provide silviculture. Dr. Richard E. Pentoney (B.S., means, outline procedures, and assign responsibilities to the contracting par­ California, 1949; M.S., Ph.D., New York ties for the purpose of: College of Forestry at Syracuse U, '52, '56) 1. Modernizing the curriculum; arrived on September 5, 1957 and assumed 2. Improving teaching methods; his duties as the Visiting Professor of For­ 3. Planning and carrying out a est Products. Dr. C. Eugene Farnsworth policy designed to give increased (B.S.F., Iowa, '26; M.F., Yale, '28; Ph.D., emphasis to the professional de­ gree course; Michigan, '45) became the Visiting Professor 4. Stimulating research." of Silviculture on September 30, 1957. Both are from the State University of New York, The visiting professors under this assist­ College of Forestry at Syracuse University. ance contract are accordingly charged with There was no Visiting Professor in Forest the following obligations which are quoted Economics available in the first contract from their first annual report: year, so technical men in other fields were "a. Advise and assist the University sought for. On September 13, 1958, Charles faculty in reorganizing an-d im­ Lathrop Pack, Professor of Forest Soils proving the curriculum; from Cornell University, Dr. Earl L. Stone, "b. Train local faculty members in their particular specialties and in Jr. (B.S.F., State U of New York College modern educational techniques and of Forestry at Syracuse U, '38; M.S., Wis­ practices by advising and assist­ consin, '40; Ph.D., Cornell, '48) began resi­ ing local faculty members in pre­ dence as the Visiting Professor of Forest paring and conducting classes, lab­ Soils and Watershed Management. To bene­ oratory and field exercises, semi­ nars, and group discussions and fit from the experience in the success of in organizing and conductil}g re­ the Agricultural Contract, the Project Lead­ search in their particular fields. er for the U.P. College of Agriculture­ Personal teaching by the contrac­ Cornell University Contract, Dr. Halsey B. tor's p_ersonnel shall be limited Knapp (B.S., M.S., Cornell, '12, '13; LLD. to not more than one course of three credit hours and three teach­ (honorary), Hofstra, '48) also became Pro­ ing units per semester, except as ject Leader for the Forestry Contract Group. may be authorized by mutual Dr. Pentoney and Dr. Farnsworth will agreement of the contracting par­ complete their tour of duty in March, 1959; ties; "c. Advise and assist the officers of Dr. Stone, in February, 1960. the University in organizational On February 17, 1959, Dr. Carl de Zeeuw and administrative matters; (A.B., B.S., Michigan, State College, '34, "d. Stimulate research; 38; M.S., Ph. D., State U of New York Col­ "e. Advise and assist the University lege of Forestry at Syracuse U, '39, '50) as­ in its cooperation with the Forest Products Research Institute and sumed responsibilities as the second Visit­ the Forest Experiment Stations; ing Professor of Forest Products. He will "f. Advise and assist in building up succeed Dr. Pentoney in the College. His the library and acquiring instruc­ tour of duty will be during the third year tional and laboratory eguipment; of the contract and will extend into the re­ "g. Assist in the preparation of in­ formational material for public newal con tract. distribution." Since the University, the College and the Forestry Contract Group are all taking The Visiting Professors steps for the renewal of the Contract to at The first year of the Assistance Contract least an additional three years, more visi-

Page 44 FORESTRY LEAVES ting professors are expected as soon as well do Angeles (B.S.F., University of the Philip­ qualified men in other forestry fields are pines, '58), Instructor in Silviculture; and available. Mr. Juanito Lamanilao (B.S.F., University of the Philippines, '58), Instructor in Den­ The Participants drology, will be sent for a year's advanced As provided for in the Contract, two study in the States. members of the College faculty are sent Mr. Mauricio is now under training as a abroad every year during the entire dura­ counterpart to Dr. Farnsworth; Mr. Pollisco tion of the Contract, for advanced study in to Dr. Pentoney; and Mr. Angeles to Dr. their own fields. During the first year Stone. (1957-1958) of the Contract, Mr. Osiris The training of participants by assigning Valderama (B.S.F., University of the Philip­ them as counterparts to the Visiting Pro­ pines, '51), Instructor in Forest Utilization, fessors during the tatters' residence in the and Mr. Domingo Lantican (B.S.F., Uni­ College is a wise step. They are gradually versity of the Philippines, '51), Instructor developed professionaly through extensive in Wood Technology, finished their M.S. at travels throughout the Archipelago, discus­ the University of Michigan and at the New sions, conferences, and exchange of ideas York State College of Forestry at Syracuse with the Visiting Professors and other learn­ University, respectively. The former spe­ ed groups. cialized in forest management and the lat­ ter, forest products. Major Accomplishments In this second year, Mr. Lucio Quimbo The U.P. College of Forestry sustained (B.S.F., University of the Philippines, '58), severe losses during the last war which Instructor in Dendrology and Wood Techno­ caused paralizing effect on the functions of logy; and Mr. Napoleon T. Vergara (B.S.F., the . College. Equipment and furniture, University of the Philippines, '54), Instruc­ records and all library materials were burn­ tor in Lumbering, are presently engaged in ed or looted. Forest areas planted for stu­ graduate study for their Master's at the dy and observation by the Bureau and the New York State College of Forestry at Sy­ College were destroyed. Except the main racuse University, in Wood Technology and school, all buildings were damaged beyond Forest Economics, respectively. repair. Althought rehabilitation for the stu­ In the third year, Mr. Florencio P. Mau­ dent mess hall, the dormitories and the main ricio (B.S.F.,) University of the Philippines, school building was on, progress was slow '55), Instructor in Forest Management; and and the College found itself in a condition Fr. Filixberto S. Pollisco (B.S.F., University inadequate to meet the needs of the facul­ of the Philippines, '56), Instructor in Forest ty and student body. To make matters Products, will take advanced study at the worse, technical man from the Bureau of New York States College of Forestry at Sy­ Forestry and Forest Products Research Ins­ racuse University for their Master's Degree titute were made unavailable for teaching in Applied Silviculture and Wood Mecha­ in the College due to the Reorganization nics, respectively. Under the direction of the Plan, and the Makiling National Park was Visiting Professors in Silviculture and in automatically put under the administration Forest Products, Mr. Mauricio and Mr. Pol­ of the newly created Commission on Parks lisco have begun research projects which and Wildlife - a very sad fact which made have been tentatively approved for grad­ the College virtually a squatter in the area uate credit at the College of Forestry at originally established for it. Syracuse University. Realizing the spot into which the Col­ In the first year of renewal, Mr. Leonar- lege is forced under the aggravating cir-

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 45 cumstances, the Forestry Contract Team mation in forestry and associated fields avai. worked hand in hand with the College au­ able to students. Magazine racks have been thorities to find solution to the problems built to accommodate the rapidly increasing on hand. A comprehensive and practical library materials. Plans are prepared, ma­ ten-year rehabilitation plan for the College terials and equipment have been ordered for of Forestry was prepared. This rehabilita­ the dehumidification of the closed stacks of tion plan provides gradual restoration of the library. war damage losses, filling up of vacancies (5) Research along forest products have in the faculty, and expansion and strength­ been hampered due to unavailability of a ening of the education program. forest products research laboratory. The Initial steps in the implementation of completion of the college forest products this plan are the following: laboratory will remedy somewhat this si­ ( 1) The building proposed as Botany tuation. Dr. Pentoney, however, and several Laboratory was reconstructed to serve as a faculty members have cooperated with the forest products teaching laboratory. The Forest Products Research lnstitute's staff improvement of this buliding is almost com­ and several research programs have been pleted, the necessary equipments and tools initiated. In addition, lectures and semi­ ordered under dollar allocations are arriv­ nars on forest products are being conduct­ ing, and faculty members are being trained ed. for instruction in this laboratory. (6) In the field of silviculture, there (2) The plan for an additional Pl ,000,- were initiated three cooperative researches 000 building with spacious classroom, lec­ with the Bureau of Forestry installed at ture and laboratory space, service rooms, of­ Basilan, Butuan and Baguio; and three col­ fice and research laboratories, and a 600- lege researches were begun. A system of capacity auditorium, have been prepared twenty-one plots (twelve high-lead and eight and the University architect already consult­ tractor) was installed in the Basilan Work­ ed. In addition, student dormitories costing ing Circle and fifteen plots (nine high-lead P270,000 are seriously being considered in and six tractor) in the Nasipit Co.ncession order to better the living conditions of the at Butuan. These plot installations were so students. designed as to bring to light the develop­ (3) Proposals have been submitted to ment of a selectively logged residual stand the University ofr the transfer of a portion in a dipterocarp forest in the Philippines of or the entire Makiling National Park to taking in to account stand and site varia­ the University to be administered by the tio.ns, and effect of the method of logging. College of Forestry. As a college forest, Four sample plots were established in Ba­ plants planted by the Bureau of Forestry guio in order to obtain sufficient data for and the College will be better taken care volume table for Benguet Pine in a 21-year of, more plants introduced for study pur­ old plantation, the amount of forest pro­ poses, and researches in the various forestry ducts that can be obtained, and the best den­ fields requiring various species and wide sity of stocking to promote quality growth areas be seriously conducted. by providing three thining levels, i.e., 47-07 (4) A trained liberarian has recently square meters per hectare of basal area as been employed as provided for in the plan. ccntrol, 39.03 square meters per hectare, 31.- A $10,000 library support from the Rocke­ 00 square meters per hectare, and 22.96 feller Foundation for source books have square meters per hectare basal area as been requested and granted. Some books the thining levels (basal area of wood left requested have already arrived and some in the plots). An additional installation will still be arriving to increase the infor- is soon to be made in Camarines Sur, and

Page 46 FORESTRY LEAVES other study areas may be considered. In of seed in preparation for germination test­ these installations, Mr. Mauricio has active­ ing will be emphasized in this continuing ly taken part as representative from the study of the College. College. In the early part of 1958, a project to A small cooperative study in nursery study the economic factors important in stock production was initiated in the refor­ managing ipil-ipil plantations in Laguna and estation nursery of the Bureau of Forestry in llocos Norte was initiated. Mr. Vergara at the Makiling National Park. With Pro­ plans to use the preliminary data collected fessor Delizo in charge, preliminary results therefrom for his thesis and he expects to from root pruning have already been ob­ continue the study after his return. tained. (6) An attempt to project the College A tree seed laboratory has been set up faculty in relation to student population un­ at the College under the supervision of Prof. til 1968 was tried: a faculty of 60 and a stu­ Delizo. With the new storage equipment, dent body of 600. The schedule of expan­ seed scarifier and the other test and stor­ sion provides for doubling the full time fa. age equipment to be arriving, studies on stor. culty in the next two years in order that age methods and related viability, occurence the teaching program can be expanded and and breaking of dormancy and effective will make available technical men for re­ testing procedures were begun. To be able search, advanced studies, or for special work to determine the best nursery stock for plant­ with the visiting professors. The suggested ing and additional information on factors in­ organization for the College of Forestry fluencing natural reproduction, pretreatment during the period 1958-1959 is given below:

Administration Dean Registrar Librarian 3-Total

Academic Department Department Instructional Area Professor & Head Spanish 3 Asst. Professors English 10 Instructors Mathematics Philippine Institutions 14 -Total Physics Chemistry Humanities

Forest Production Department I Professor & Head : Management 4 Professors : Regulation Tree Improvement 5 Assoc. Professors Finance Forest Influences 10 Instructors Economics Soil Conservation Policy Surveying 27-Total History Forest Importance Mensuration Fire Control Photogrammetry Dendrology

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 47 Statistics Botany : Entomology Logging Pathology Silvicul tu re Silvics Soils

Forest Products Department 1 Professors & Head Anatomy & Structure & Wood lndentifi­ 1 Professor cation 2 Assoc. Professors Wood Physics 3 Asst. Professors Mechanics & Structure Design 7 Instructors Kiln Drying Machining 14-Total Adhesives, Plywood & Veneer Wood Preservation Pulp, paper and boards Industrial Engineering Quality control Plant layout Plant layout Industrial Management Lumbering General forest products Research methods

Forest Information Service I. Professor & Head 1 Asst. Professor & Publications editor

2-Total

60-GRAND TOT AL

(7) The resent curriculum was revised emphasize the four-year course, and to pro­ to provide for separation of the ranger pro­ vide broadened opportunities for training gram from the collegiate program; two col­ professional men in response to national legiate programs, forest production course needs. Outlined below is the revised cur­ and forest products course. This revised curriculum was approved by the College fa­ riculum with consideration of the general culty and submitted to the University on education program in the University or'-the March, 1958. The curriculum was revised to Philippines:

Page 48 FORESTRY LEAVES Proposed Curriculum Revision of the Course Leading to the Degree of B.S.F. Indicating the Place of the Subjects Included in the Basic General Education Program and the Total Number of Units a Semester

A. SUBJECT PLACEMENTS 1st Year First Semester Units Second Semester Unit• E English I 31 E English 2 31 Sp Spanish IO 31 Sp Spanish 11 31 M Math I 3a M Math 2 31 B Botany la 31 B Botany lb 21 Intro. to Forestry 3 B Zoology I 4z

Total ...... 15• Total ...... 15•

2nd Year First Semester Unit. Seciond Semester Unit• E English 3 31 M Math 8 (An. Geom.) 31 Sp Spanish 12 31 E English 4 (Pub. Speak) 31 M Math 3 31 Sp Spanish 13 31 SS Economics I 31 SS Social Science II 31 p Chemistry I a (Gen.) 42 p Chemistry lb (Organic) 42 Total ...... 16• Total ...... 10•

• Does not include required Military or Physical Education courses. 1 See Announcement of Courses - College of Forestry. 2 See Announcement of Courses - College of Agriculture. 8 See Description of Courses - Memorandum by University (undated). First two years are common for Forest Production and Forest Products programs.

Note: General Ed. Courses E - English M - Mathematics L -Logic H - Humanities SS - Social Science P - Physical Science B - Biological Science Sp -Spanish

Movin1-u, Day laue, March, 1959 ,.,. 49 FOREST PRODUCTION 3rd Year First Semester Units Second Seme:rter Units p Physics II 32 p Physics 12 32 L Logic l 33 H Humanities I 3s Dendrology la 3 Silviculture I 3 F. Physiography 2 F. Engineering 10 4 Soils l 3 Dendrology lb 3 Elective 3 Total 16 . Total 17 (6 labs) (4 labs)

Summer - Forest Engineering 11-Plane & Topographic Surveying- 6 units 4th Year First Semester Units Second Seme:rter Unit• Silviculture II 3 Lumbering 5 4 Forest Management 4 .F. Management 2 3 Forest Production l 3 F. Protection 2 3 Wood Tech I ·3 F. Engineering 2 3 Forest Economics 2 3 Policy & History (For.) 2 Elective 2 ·Elective 3

Total ...... 18 Total ...... 18 (5 labs) (5 labs)

Summer - Forest Inventory-6 weeks - credit 6 units 5th Year First Szmester Units SecDnd SemeE:ter Units H Humanities II 33 H Humanities III 3a Silviculture 3 3 F. Management 4 4 F. Management 3 2 F. Management 110 4 SS Social Science Ill 3s Forest Production 3 2 Seminar I Seminar l Electives 6 Electives 3

Total 18 Total 17 ( l lab) (4 labs)

Summary - Forest Production Program - General Education E 12 units H - 9 units B 9 units M 12 SS -- 9 Sp - 12 L - 3 p - 14

Page 50 FORESTRY LEA YES FOREST PRODUCTS CURRlCULUM 3rd Year

First Semester Unit• Second SemeBter Units M Math 10 32 M Math 11 32 P Physics 21 32 p Physics 22 32 L Logic I 3s H Humanities I 3a SS Social Science III 3s Wood Tech. 10 4 Agri. Engineering 14 2 Lumbering 5 4 Dendrology 2 3 Total 17 Total 17 (5 labs) (5 labs)

4th Year

First SemeBter Unita Second Semester Units Soils I 3 Silviculture 104 3 F. Physiography 2 For. Products 103 3 Accounting 10 3 For. Products 105 3 Wood Tech. 2 3 For. Products 106 3 Forest Products 104 3 Wood Tech. 3 3 Lumbering 2 2 Forest Products 2

Total 16 Total ...... 17 (5 labs) (4 labs)

5th Year

First Semester Unita Second Semellter Units H Humanities II 3s H .Humanities III 3a Forest Products 107 2 For. Products 108 3 Statistics 11 3 For. Products 109 3 Seminar I Special Study 5 Wood Tech. 4 5 Seminar I Elective 3 Elective 3

Total 17 Total ...... 18 (4 labs) (2 labs) (One summer industrial experience required - no credit)

Summary- Forest Products Program - General Education E 12 units H - 9 " B 9 M 18 ,, SS - 9 units Sp 12 L 3 p - 14

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 51 PROPOSED RANGER CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR First Semester Second Semester

Subjects Units Subjects Units Botany 10 3 Dendrology lb 3 Dendrology la 3 English 2 3 English I 3 Spanish 11 3 Spanish 10 3 Forest Engineering lb 3 Forest Engineering la 2 Forest Management I 4 Introduction to Forestry 2 Forest Physiography 2 Mathematics 5 (Alg. & Trig.) 3 Military Science ( 1.5) Military Science ( 1.5) Physical Education lb/2g (2) Physical Education I a/2a (2) 18 19

SUMMER: FIELD PRACTICE - 6 weeks; credit 6 units SECOND YEAR Spanish 12 3 Spanish 13 3 Wood Technology la 3 Forest Products 2 Forest Engineering 2 3 Elem. Forest Protection 4 Economics I 3 Lumbering I 5 Forest Administration la 3 Forest Administration I b 2 Nurseries & Plantations 3 Philippine Institutions I 3 Military Science ( 1.5) Military Science ( 1.5) Physical Education 3a/4a (2) Physical Education 3b/4b (2)

18 18

Completion of the above courses, .a (9) The use of teaching aids in being total of 79 units of credit entitles a stu­ encouraged wherever applicable. Several dent for a Ranger Certificate. cameras have been obtained and film p~o­ jectors were ordered for the development (8) To remedy somewhat the depend­ and application of a film library. Color ence :of ·students up'on the information slides of forestry conditions and operations given by the instructor in class due to in the places visited by the visiting profes­ shortage of textbooks in technical forestry sors and their counterparts and other mem­ subjects, the Visiting Professors initiated bers of the faculty are now being shown to the duplication of lecture notes in several the students during the different class per­ courses (Forest Soil, Water Conservation, iods. A good many of these slides will Wood Physics, Seeding and Planting, and ultimately become part of the College film Silvics) which is now being followed by the library. faculty pending the receipt of more tech­ nical books and other publications on for­ (10) A weekly seminar on research estry. methods and procedures have been initia-

Page 51 FORESTRY LEAVES ted by Dr. Stone. In this weekly seminar 1963, for dollar support for commodities, (Monday afternoon), several members of and of the trainee program. the faculty and of the Forest Products Re­ search Institute have been invited to elu­ Contract Renewal (1960-1963) cidate and amplify their experimental de­ As early as March, 1958, Dean Gregorio sign, methods and analyses of results, to Zamuco and the oFrestry Contract Team very much interested audience composed has already requested renewal of the For­ of the Faculty, Senior Students and several estry Contract for another three years after Personnel of the Forest Products Research the expiration of the first Contract in Institute. 1960. Justifications were duly presented to ( 11) Dr. Stone and Mr. Angeles have the parties concerned. During the three installed two large bulletin boards at the year term of the contract extension, the entrance hall of the College building where­ following will be given due consideration: in forestry news, informational bulletins, ( 1) Training approximately 25 of the 30 pictures and other illustrative material are ne wfaculty members to be added to the put and changed periodically. Dr. Stone College faculty during the next four years. and Prof. Blando have just prepared an il­ This training will be provided through the lustrated brochure on professional for­ participant program and through work estry and is now being circulated to high with the visting professors at the College; schools and other interested groups. A (2) Implementation of the revised cur­ cooperative work on illustrated material riculum. This has been approved by the Col­ designed for distribution to land owners leged faculty. Two major programs of pro­ and rural people has also been started in fessional emphasis are provided and a ma­ cooperation with the Bureau of Forestry. jor expansion of course offering is plan­ This illustrated material will contain infor­ ned, to provide a balanced program of tech­ mation on the benefits derived from plant­ nical training apropriate for the only for­ ing ipil-ipil on open land. estry college in the Philippines; ( 12) Dr. Farnsworth has initiated and (3) Development of research programs. had plans drawn up for the conversion of Programs started previously will be expand­ a portion of the present College building ed and work in new fields of forestry; into a dehumidified room for storing sur­ (4) U pgrading of existing courses, and veying and mensuration instruments while improvement of teaching methods in all in use by students in their field classes. A courses; dehumidifying unit and other materials that (5) Obtaining expanded physical plan can be purchased by dollar funds have and equipment. Needed is a new main already been ordered for the installation building to greatly expand laboratory fa­ of this rom. cilities, additional dormitory space and the (13) The development of a project to or­ acquisition of additional technical equip­ ganize a teaching and research laboratory ment as needed to implement the instruc­ in photogrammetry was undergone. The ti<>1n and research programs; needed equipment for this photogrammetry (6) Preparing instructional materials laboratory is now on order by dollar funds. and information to be distributed to the pro­ ('14) The visiting professors have active­ fession and to the public; ly participated in the preparation of pro­ (7) Maintaining and further develop" posals and justification for NEC fiscal ment of cooperation by the College with support to the program through the annual the Bureau of Forestry, the Forest Pro­ peso budget, for an extension of the assist­ ducts Research Institute and other agencies ance program contract for the period 1960- (Continued on page 62)

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 53 A DYNAMIC ..• evolution although, as Will Durant reflexed, (Continued from page 42) civilization exists by geological consent. From the philosophy of evolution we without overlooking the means of its con­ servation and transmission. The meaning can conclude that "those organisms are suc­ of evolution has evolved along with man's cessful which modify their environment so progress from a mere instinct of adaptation as to assist each other." 15 One illustration: and domination over the environment to a tree grows to its best in the forest. the conscious management and perpetuation A society's advancement springs partly of the forest. For him, scientific knowledge from the use of human progress. The ex­ is necessary hut not self-sufficing. "Human perience of nations projects a precious light evolution still depends on the fruits of in­ into the darkness of the future. The forest telligence." 14 So he puts his knowledge plays a vital role in civilization when we at the service of humanity. Energy in telescope forestry on the evolutionary pers­ the forms of creative brains, material sup­ pective. My sincere wish here is for us, port and moral incentives acts as a ca!alyst regardless of any caste of mind, to strike in man's behavior. a positive and objective attitude in learn­ ing to appreciate the benefits and responsi~ As a student in wood technology I was bilities which come to us from our relation made to understand first how a nee grows with the forest and to educate our people before learning the microstructure of wood. as to their potentialities. This will serve as In the same way the forestry meaning should an impetus to progress. be apprehended. To conceive the elan vital of human evolution, to be aware of our 15 A. N. Whitehead, Science and the Modern World. little avail from a simple origin, and to realize the greatness of the individual based on ethical premises provided by our con­ TRANSPORTING LOGS ... sciousness and our empirical resolution, that (Continued from page 34) is how we would rather have cognizance of our value and responsibility in advancing This system of log transportation may into the new age of wood as dreamed by be of practical use in some parts of the Glesinger. country where streams are also utilized for bringing down logs, during the rainless The forest problem is obvious; some­ months. Or it may also be resorted to times the most obvious becomes the most as an economical supplement to truck haul­ difficult but entertaining to explain. As ing from the felling areas to log dumps Erhart Rostlund said, between man and and landings where conditions will permit. timber is always a third factor, human The main objection to the method is the culture. Deformations of mind engender limited distance through which logs may be obstacles which stand on the way to pro­ carried down on a flash flood, which is usual­ gress. In viewing the meaning of forestry ly not more than a kilometer following in the light of evolution "through the in­ the course of the stream. If a system of dividual by considering him as active" we subsidiary dams could be devised along a have emphasized that he alone counts and fairly deep stream with a steady flow of social events revolve around human actions water even during dry months, the method may be made to pay several times more toward the environment; man is the "busi­ than its cost of application, which, inci­ ness manager" for this cosmic rrocess of dentally, is a jealously guarded affair of 14 L. Du Nouy, Human Destiny. logging operators using the method.

Page 54 FORESTRY LEAVES Wlt11 C:lte ;ttalliling /Vational Parll Slto11/d Re rraus/erred ro C:lte Universit11 Of rite Pltilippines By ANGELO G. MORDENO

Due to the necessity of having techni­ to the experimental forests which it had cally-trained men to handle the management jointly established with the Division of For­ and administration of the forests of tht: est Investigation, and eventually became a country, a department of forestry in the "'squatter" on its former campus without College of Agriculture was created in 1910 any jurisdiction over it. Most of the trees by virtue of Act No. 1989 enacted by the in the campus were planted by former stu­ Philippine Legislature, with 20 pensionados dents who had long graduated and cer­ appointed by the Director of Forestry as tain improvements such as the Forestry head of the department, to take up the Swimming Pool and Forestry Pavilion were Ranger Course. Mt. Makiling, now known constructed for the use of the Forestry as the Makiling National Park, became the students. joint seat of the Division of Forest In­ Unlike any school or college of forestry vestigation of the Bureau of Forestry and m the United States, which has always the then School of Forestry which was se­ a forest of its own where experiments on parated from the College of Agriculture in Silviculture, Management, Pla:nting, etc., 1916 to become a separate unit of the could be conducted by the faculty and for University of the Philippines as provided for in Act No. 2578, with the Director the students to practise without interrup­ of Forestry as ex-officio dean vested with tion from any other government entity, the the power to detail men from the Bureau U.P. College of Forestry has no forest of to teach in the school. By the operation its own. Unlike in agriculture where experi­ of Republic Act No. 352 in 1949, the School ments may give results within a year or of Forestry became the College of Forestry, two, forestry is a long time project which with the Director still the ex-officio dean may extend to two or three generations with powers to detail his men in the Col­ before the final results may be obtained. lege as before. For this reason, it is logical that the Maki­ Then came the Reorganization Plan No. ling National Park be turned over to the 30-A of the Government Survey and Reor­ University of the Philippines under the ad­ ganization Commission iri 1957 which en­ ministration of the College so that students tirely divorced the College from the Bureau can continue to use it as their laboratory with the dean, appointed by the Board of on the various forestry subjects. It is Regents of the University of the Philip­ also important that only one entity should pines, and which created the Office of handle the forest in order to control it in Parks and Wildlife as a separate entity in­ such a manner as to attain its objectives dependent of the Bureau, under which all in researchs without outside interference. national parks of the Philippines including Furthermore, there is a need for a cen­ the Makiling National Park were placed. tralization of control. At present, there are By this action, the College lost ready access four separate entities of the government

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 55 in the Park, namely: The Bureau of For­ of its personnel, the Parks Office cannot estry represented by the Forest Experiment cope with the protection and administra­ Station, the University represented by the tion work. College of Forestry, the Forest Products The U.P. authorities asked the former Research Institute which is attached to the Dean of the College of Forestry to pre­ office of the President of the University pare a report on the Makiling National Park, for policy purposes, and the Parks and its physical aspects, other features, improve­ Wildlife Office which incidentally ha~ no ments, data on planted species, income and building of its own and only "squatting" in probable expenses. The report is repro­ the Forest Experiment Station building. On duced below: the other hand, the place is better known to the visitors and excursionists as the col­ MOUNT MAKILING FOREST lege campus and not as Makiling Park. (Now known as Makiling National Park) The College usually gets the credit for what­ ever favorable impression the visitors may Mount Makiling is a lone mountain peak have and is blamed for anything that goes between the provinces of Batangas on the wrong on the campus. Due to the absence southern and Laguna on the northern parts of a single entity to run the place, confu­ of the peak. It is an extinct volcano hav­ sions have cccurred resulting, in one in­ ing its crater on the southeastern side of stance, in the cutting of a forest plantation. the peak towards Batangas province. The damage was already done and the growth Area. - This mountain peak which is now studies of the trees conducted by the stu­ known as the Makiling National Park has dents and faculty of the college had to be an area of 3,898.8 hectares. discontinued with no definite conclusion ar­ Topographical features. - It is a peak rived at. with steep sides which are again furrowed To make the conditions worse, the Parks with deep ravines and high ridges. There Commission does not have enough person­ are certain portions that are rolling but area nel to supervise the campus and to guard covered by these features is negligible. There the boundaries of the park against illegal are three peaks, two of them about the cutting and removing of trees and rattan same elevation, 1050 meters and the third from the forest. Moreover, the in-charge one is 1100 meters above sea level. of the park is not a trained forester. Vegetation. -The vegetation may be di­ vided into three divisions as controlled by From the foregoing, it is only logical the attitudinal range, namely; the lower that the Makiling Forest now known as elevation from 100-550 meters; the mid­ the Makiling National Park be transferred mountain, 550-850 meters and the mossy to the University of the Philippines under forest from 850 and up. The vegetation the administration of the College of For­ below the elevation of 550 meters to 100 estry for which it was originally intended; meters has been greatly modified. From the separation of the College from the all indications, the forest between these two Bureau of Forestry leaves the former no elevations must have been prominently Dip­ connection with this forest which students terocarp forest i.e., the lauan forest. The may use as their laboratory and where the members of this family aggregate 75% of faculty members may conduct researches the total volume of timber found in the without interference from outsiders. There Philippines. Because this forest adjoin to is a need for a centralization of control more populated regions, the people had been over this forest for efficient protection and cutting the desirable species without restric­ administration. Because of the inadequacy tion since time immemorial, making this for-

Page 56 FORESTRY LEAVES est as a result of the above practice, a culled cies are left because they produce timber forest, i.e., forest where the dominant spe­ that is susceptible to rot or not resistant cies (greater number) are not desirable. to insect infestations. There are other spe­ There are at present a few members of cies that form the sum total of vegetations the Dipterocarp family left sparsely scat­ of this forest at these elevations but many tered in these elevations. Among them, the of them are culled species at the present bagtikan, Parashorea plicata Brandis, lauan stages of timber utilization. puti, Pentacme contorta, Merr. and Rolfe, The vegetation of the mid-mountain for­ guijo, Shorea guiso Bl. and manggachapui, est is not much altered because of its less Hopea acuminata Merr. of these four the accessibility to man. The trees here are not first one, bagtikan, is the most numerous so big in diameter nor so tall as those of because it is the most prolific seeder when­ the lower elevations. Small tree ferns are ever it bears fruits periodically, lauan puti, found underneath the trees and epiphytes the next and so on to the last one, mangga­ are common on the branches or trunks of chapui, which is the most scarce of them all. trees. The dominant arborial species are Of the dominating species (in number) the oaks, Quercus spp. the malaruhat, Syzy­ the most common is balobo, Diplodiscus pa­ gium spp. and the dungao, Astronia spp. niculatus Turcz. This one is found from and others. 100 to about 500-meter elevations. The Above this elevation (550 meters) and second ones are magabuyo, Celtis luzonica, higher is the mossy forest characterized by Warb. and malaikmo, C. philippinensis, Blan­ the presence of mosses on the trunks and co. The former is found usually at lower branches of trees which are usually short elevations while the latter up to around holed and wide-spreading crown. Epiphytes 450 meters elevation. These dominating spe- are also common on the branches and trunks

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Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Pa9e 57 of trees. Except at the very peak, the vege­ men t of the College of Agriculture), the tation is a mixture of different species none College campus was grassland with a few of which is predominant in number. At the small-sized parang species trees of no con­ peak, however, the wide-spreading trees are sequence. This grassland was divided into mostly Eurya spp. and Elaeocarpus sp. hectare lots, i.e., 100 x 100 meters with cleared boundaries of two meters wide Other features. - At an elevation of around each lot. Each of these hectares about 400 meters and approximately four was planted to commercial species, such as kilometers from the College of Forestry narras, Pterocarpus indicus Willd. and P. campus following the road, is a spring of vidalianus Rolfe, teak, Tectona grandis, boiling mud known locally as Mud Spring Llf., panglomboien, Syzygium clausum (C.B. among the students and Nagtugnos among Rob) Merr., molave, Vitex parviflora juss., the old folks in the barrios. It is almost and others. The planting was done by circular although irregular in outline, about laborers of the Bureau of Forestry and by 10 meters in diameter. During the wet the students in connection with their labora­ season, this mud hole is filled with water tory work. The caring of these planta­ with a great deal of mud mixed with it tions, i.e., clearing the vines and grasses and oftentimes, overflows its brims and joins that tended to smother the planted seedlings the nearby creeks. The fumes smell sul­ was made by the Bureau of Forestry la­ phur. During the dry season, the water borers as well as by the students of the level goes down and the mud becomes thick College. This procedure continued year after and its sounds when boiling reminds one year until 1930 when the Bureau of Forestry of sugar making from cane juice. discontinued sending students as "pensiona­ There are also deposits of white earth in dos" to the College of Forestry. From this this mountain (kaolin). At present it is time, students entered the College as pri­ exploited for the manufacture of ceramic vate and hence are not required to work products or used in whitewash. when they have no classes. Since then the students are only required to clean some Improvements. - Before the last war, of these plantations in their laboratory per­ World War 11, a road about seven kilo­ iods in Silviculture. The laboratory periods meters was built by the Bureau of Public may last only three hours. The following Works to the saddle of the two peaks. It tables show the plantations in hectares (Ta­ was a macadam one and cars and the like ble 1) and the species and number of each could be driven over it. Since iiberation, (Table 2). this road was never taken care of and at present it is badly eroded. However, trucks can still negotiate on it up to the Mud Table 1 Spring. There are also foot trails to the peak Data on Area Planted to the but lately since the Park took control and Following Species because of the peace and order conditions, these trails were not kept clean of bushes Rubber tree 21 hectares - 2,338 trees and fallen branches. In many places im­ Mahogany 30 hectares - 4,754 trees provements are needed to make them pas­ Dipterocarps l 0 hectares - l, 766 trees sable. Mo lave 6 hectares - 1,223 trees Teak 2 hectares - 208 trees Plantations. - When the College started lpil-ipil in 1910 (known as Forest School, a depart- - 170 hectares

Page.SS FORESTRY LEAVES ~ 0 :!!. :II IA cI "Cl 0 TABLE 2.-DATA ON AREAS PLANTED TO THE FOLLOWING SPECIES Q 'C RUBBER MAHOGANY* DIPTEROCARP MOLAVE TEAK IPIL-IPIL ic !D No. of Has. where No. of Has. where No. of Has. where No. of Has. where No. of Has. where ~ Trees located Trees located Trees located Trees located Trees located Q.. !'"" 60 6 23 6-C 36 A 19 2 208 2 Has. in 129 6-A 19 7-B 24 7-E 22 5-D Pili block '°VI 178 6-B 105 7-C 184 7-F 48 E '° 149 6-C 44 8-B 21 F 63 1 165 Has. 84 7 56 10-B 105 7-G 1071 2 Has. in in 103 7-A 34 11-A 106 8-G Pili Block Paliparan 58 7-B 156 11-B 1290 4 Has. in 170 and 143 7-C 18 A Has. 5 Has. 47 8 17 B in Boot 114 8-A 126 c Valley 91 8-B 172 1-la 115 8-C 149 la 136 9-A 90 2 102 9-B 45 2-A 38 9-C 52 3-B 56 10 53 4 266 10-A 27 5-D 138 10-B 165 7-D 101 11-A 199 7-E 104 11-B 186 7-F 26 C.A. 82 8-D 147 8-F 20 12-B 2,338 21 Has. 1,895 23 Has. 1,766 10 Has. 1.223 6 Has. 208

• 7.06 hectares additional plantation located in C11patagan, (Bollman) Camp, along Maitim trail and above Rotarian Camp. .,, Q IA ftl VI '° Income and Probable Expenses. - Tables firewood, fees collected for the use of the 3 and 4 show the income of this Forest pavilion of the nursery which sometimes is for the last seven years. The first one shows hired when all other places for dancing are the collection made by the Park and con­ engaged, transportation charges, i.e., when sisted of fees collected for the use of pavi­ the Bureau of Forestry trucks are used for lion (dancing), swimming pool, and entrance transporting plants purchased from the nurs­ fees collected from autos and buses entering eries to the places of vendees, and the the Park and from the sales of latex collect­ miscellaneous items. The total incomes for ed from rubber trees. Table 4 shows the the last seven years is shown in Table 5 collections made by the Bureau of Forestry where the average annual income for the consisting of the sales of plants, ipil-ipil last seven-year period is around f'l l,050.73.

Table 3 NATIONAL PARK INCOME

FISCAL Swimming Rubber Stumpage Auto & Bus YEAR Pavilion Pool latez etc. entrance fees TOTAL

1949-50 p 370.00 P2,163.10 P2,533.10

1950-51 55.00 576.76 P2,164.95 p 379.73 3,176.44

1951-52 670.00 2,098.44 1,758.05 283.59 4,810.08

1952-53 1,123.00 3,074.24 89.49 4,286.73

1953-54 110.00 2,576.28 295.10 p 676.04 3,657.42

1954-55 210.00 2,787.00 1.103.76 1,873.56 5,975.20

1955-56 1,695.00 2,860.90 3,238.82 2,061.50 9,856.22

Table 4 REFORESTATION FUND COLLECTIONS

FISCAL Sale of Ipil-ipil Pavilion & Transports- Miscel- YEAR plants firewood Nursery Hall tion charges laneous TOTAL

1949-50 Pll,863.90 p 998.10 Pl2,862.00

1950-51 6,788.30 1,105.03 7,893.33 1951-52 6,639.00 6,639.00

1952-53 5,476.10 p 17.00 p 3.10 S,496.20

1953-54 6,462.70 p 305.64 Pl,335.00 52.00 10.00 8,165.34

1954-55 6,056.40 446.74 882.00 196.50 79.83 7,661.47

1955-56 3,685.50 10.81 557.00 10.67 78.58 4,342.56

Page 60 FORESTRY LEAVES Table 5 by the Bureau of Forestry. They also take The Yearly Income from the Makiling care of the sale of the plants to outsiders. National Park for the Last 7 Years The caretaker of the swimming pool has to 1949 - 1950 'P15,395.10 take charge of the pool and in cleaning 1950 - 1951 11,069.77 its premises and the changing weekly of 1951 - 1952 11,449.08 its water. The eight laborers will be dis­ 1952 - 1953 9,782.93 tributed as follows: two laborers to each 11,822.76 1953 - 1954 nursery to help each nurseryman and the 1954 - 1955 13,636.67 1955 - 1956 14,198.78 four to take care of the parts of the park TOTAL ...... 'P77 ,355.09 forming the forestry campus, where most (Yearly Average) - 11,050.73 visitors congregate when they visit the cam­ pus and litter it a great deal in spite of Probable Annual Expenditures. - To the notices put up like "Keep the campus start the administration of this forest park, clean", "Use the garbage cans for refuse". the following men with their respective com­ The carpenters would be used for repairs pensation are deemed necessary: Total Amount 1 - Forest Ranger at Pl,800 p.a...... p 1,800.00 4 - Forest Guards at Pl ,440 p.a...... 5,760.00 1 - Pavilion caretaker at Pl,440 p.a...... 1,440.00 1 - Gate collector at Pl ,440 p.a...... 1,440.00 2- Nurserymen at Pl,440 p.a ...... 2,880.00 1 - Swimming pool caretaker at Pl,440.00 p.a ...... 1,440.00 8-Laborers at P4.00/day (300 working days) ...... 9,600.00 2- Carpenters at P5.00/day (300 working days) 3,000.00 2 - Campus guards at Pl,440 p.a ...... 2,880.00 TOTAL ...... P30,240.00

The work of the forest ranger is to super­ of various buildings when this park is turned vise the forest guards who will be distri­ over to the University. This may also be buted as follows: one in the northern part, used for the repairs of the present College one in the southern part, one in the eastern buildings. The two campus guards, toge­ part and one in the western part of the ther with the two security guards, now un­ park. One pavilion caretaker is to take der negotiations for transfer to the College charge of the pavilion which is always en­ of Forestry from the Bureau of Forestry, gaged on Sundays and holidays by the out­ will be used on Sundays and holiday:; to siders for dancing purposes. The gate direct the traffic of cars and buses to park­ collector has to collect fees from cars and ing places, to keep peace and order during buses entering the park. The two nursery­ Sundays and holidays on the campus and men have to propagate the seedlings and for security and protection during ordinary plants, in the two nurseries now operated days.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 61 THE U.P. COI,LEGE ... Forest Economics, one in Photogrammetry, one in Forest Botany, one in Forest Ad­ having interests in common with those of ministration, one in Forest Extension, one the College; in Forest Pathology, and one in Forest (8) Planning for the initiation of gra· Management. It is also proposed that there duate study. will be two participants in Forest Manage­ The contract extension proposes that ment, two in Silviculture, one in Forest there will be two visiting professors in For­ Botany, five in Forest Products, one in For­ est Products, one in Silviculture, one in est Administration, one in Photogramme­ try, one in Pathology, one in Forest Exten­ sion, and one in Forest Economics.

Conclusion There is no doubt that the Assistance Contract between the U.P. College of Fores­ try and Cornell University has been very beneficial. Conditions in the College have changed - for the better. Our government PLYWOOD should then make it a point to have the con­ tract renewal approved so that the Col­ INDUSTRIES, INC. lege of Forestry will gain maximum returns from the funds and effort expended under the assistance program and thus be amply rehabilitated to meet the needs of the fa­ Manufacturer of culty and student body as regards up-dated PERMAPLY PLYWOOD instruction, training and opportunities for research in the different fields of forestry. Our forests are fast disappearing and we need more forest conservation men to check this forest depletion - and it so happens Lunao, Gingoog Misamis Oriental that it is only in the U.P. College of For­ estry that technical foresters in this part of world are trained. - End

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Page 62 FORESTRY LEAVES A f9areer in Porestry-for You?

The boy who chooses forestry chooses an est workmen, and may direct organizations honorable profession. He will be the guar­ in government agencies and companies. He dian of a precious natural resource - his works with the general public to bring about nation's forests. He will be a partner in appreciation of conservation and wise use their scientific management and use in order of all natural resources. that his fellowmen may enjoy forests as He can say with the Puerto Rican for­ an economic and cultural resource forever. esters, "It is my pride and joy to be the Could one ask for a more honorable shepherd of my country's trees." task? The associates a boy will have in his Forests are essential to the Filipino peo­ life as a forester will include many dis­ ple. Forests provide housing, fuel and a tinguished men. Many foresters are high­ great many products for everyday life. They ly respected public servants. In this coun­ are also the basis for a major industry that try some foresters have also become known gives jobs to thousands of people and sup­ as industrial managers, authors, professors, plies the national needs for wood. At the deans, researchers, and directors of research same time, exports of logs and lumber earn institutes, as well as military officers, con­ foreign exchange necessary to balance the gressmen and even a cabinet member. In Philippine economy. Equally important, for­ other countries foresters have also become ests guard steep mountain watersheds, re­ prominent as scientists, conservationists, in­ ducing floods and protecting the flow of dependent businessmen and consultants, uni­ water for power dams and irrigation of versity presidents and, in at least one case, agricultural lands below. Forests are the president of his nation. most valuable "crop" for the rough steep Such men are stimulating, exciting com­ lands so common in our country. panions, both in learning and doing. Is not the wise use of forests a worth­ Moreover, a boy who makes forestry a while occupation? career has a chance to make a name for A forester is the individual trained to hiniself. Some people may see only the carry on "scientific management" so for­ hard work and routine side of field or of­ ests may continue to produce the things we fice jobs. They may think that forestry need. He knows about trees and soils and is simply an easily applied set of rules. watersheds. He knows how to survey land, That isn't so. build roads and measure timber. He is There are unknown areas - great areas trained to harvest wood in such a way that of land and even greater areas of knowl­ the forest renews itself and grows more edge - that must be explored before the products than it would if left wild and Filipino people can get full value from their unmanaged. He also knows something about forest resource. Someone, for example, must the use and milling of wood products, and map out the different types of forest and some men are especially trained in this work. forest land, and find the best ways to treat In addition to such technical matters the each. Someone is going to study the biology forester works continually with people. He of forest trees - the secrets of their growth. supervises timber harvesting crews and for- Someone must organize methods to protect

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 63 and repair our damaged watersheds. Some­ get ahead in forestry or the related in­ one will discover new uses for our native dustries. trees, new chemical processes, more effi­ Naturally you would like to know the cient ways to manufacture wood. financial prospects for foresters. They range That someone could be you. from modest to excellent. Beginning sala­ ries are likely to be low but increases come, Can you think of a more significant or sometimes rapidly, with experience or spe­ thrilling field for a qualified man to work cial abilities. New graduates (B.S.F.) often in today? And we can assure you of this: start work in industry at P2,400 to 'P3,000 The young forester will receive a hearty a year. This will range up to around 'P4,500 welcome in his profession. Foresters all to P14,000 for logging or mill superintend­ over the world are noted for their good ents, and even higher for executive posi­ will and professional morale. We in the tions. Government pay scales are under­ Philippines have a crying need for new standably less. Under the new W APCO people. The total number of technical for­ schedule a qualified forestry graduate may esters is less than 1,000. That is, only about begin at about 'P2,700 a year. Salaries range one person in 24,000. upward to 'PS,000 or more at the division The shortage of foresters is acute and chief level. Some field positions in both will become more so. The federal Bureau industry and government include housing. of Forestry, logging companies, plantations, College teaching and research positions wood manufacturing plants, and other busi­ demand special aptitudes and often addi­ nesses and agencies are hungry for well­ tional training. Salaries are likely to be­ trained, able foresters. Other Asian coun­ gin about 'P2,900 and may go to 'PI0,000 tries have asked for Filipino trained for­ or even above for mature professors and esters. scientists with higher degrees. Occasional­ A wide variety of specialties is available ly, the young forester in this field has an to the forester, according to his talents and opportunity for study abroad. training. For the man who likes out-of-door No matter which field of work a for­ life and practical affairs, there is forest ester enters he can count on a high degree management - the planning and control of of security. Pension plans are general, posi­ forest use, and protection. The man with tions are stable and personnel turnover is mechanical or engineering abilities will find low. Furthermore, better conservation of roads to design, logging equipment to super­ natural resources and, especially, the great vise, and complex mill machinery to regulate. expansion of forest industries will provide A forester is also concerned with the search many opportunities for rapid advancement. for new uses of the forest production. Best of all, foresters enjoy the respect of Through such efforts portions of the tree their fellow workers and the public at large. now wasted may be converted into useful As we said before, the greatest needs and products providing employment and increas­ opportunities are for well educated, compe­ ed economic activity. Research and technic­ tent men. Training begins before college. al control call for the highest skills, especially Have you done well in high school math­ in the new industries manufacturing ply­ ematics and English? Have you formed wood, hardboard and paper. In both in­ good study habits and a willingness to work dustry and public service, the experienced at a new or difficult subject until you master man with administrative abilities will rise it? Do stories about nature and science to managerial positions. interest you? But this we warn you: A youngster has If so, talk with your parents, your teach­ to be both competent and hardworking to (Continued on page 66)

Page 64 FORESTRY LEAVES BISLIG BAY LUMBER COMPANY INCORPORATED v«a11ufacturers of 1orest Products

General Managers: A. SORIANO Y CIA. Office: Sawmills: Soriano Budding Bislig, Surigao Manila, P.I. Mindanao * Cable Address: "BISLIG" Member, "Philippine Lumber Producers' Association"

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 65 A CAREER IN .•. Unquestionably a 4-year college educa­ (Continued from page 64) tion is expensive. The minimum cost for ers and perhaps a nearby forester about a tuition, books, room and board runs about college education in forestry. Pl,000 a year. However, several scholar­ The College of Forestry of the Univer­ ships from the University and private sour­ sity of the Philippines is located in Los ces are available for outstanding students Banos, Laguna, adjacent to the College of in need of assistance. Some students also Agriculture and the new Forest Products earn part of their way by working outside Research Institute. Students take basic sci­ of class hours. ences, mathematics, languages and social sci­ While on the subject of education let ences, followed by engineering and techni­ us say this, too: A college education has cal forestry subjects. A special curriculum such a high value, both in future earning in wood products is now planned for men power and in opportunity for a useful happy entering forest industries. Satisfactory com­ life, that qualified students should be will­ pletion of the four-year program leads to ing to make considerable effort to begin. the degree of Bachelor of Science in For­ The sincere, intelligent student will often estry (B.S.F.) from the University of the find unexpected help and encouragement Philippines. along the way. You can get more information about the I will strit>e to raise my own body and college and its entrance requirements by soul daily into all the higher powers of writing to- duty and happiness, not in worship or con­ The Secretary tention with others, but for the help, delight, College of Forestry and honor of others and for the joy and peace of my own life. College, Laguna -JOHN RUSKIN

Compliments of:

Mr. & Mrs. ABRAHAM MANGENTE

Himamaylan Negros PHILIPPINE PLYWOOD Occidental

CORPORATION Compliments of:

Mr. & Mrs. ERNESTO MATULAC P.O. Box 855 Tagkawayan, Quezon Manila, P.I. Saravia Negros Occidental

Page 66 FORESTRY LEAVES • •

A Young Ranger's Song Forest Conservation Through Dynamic (To J. G.) Forestry Education Come with me and be forever mine By LORENZO M. ESTRADA Come sip with me Love's sweetest wine, The problem of educating the masses to Come, every moment is a priceless treasure, appreciate the value of our forests and the Every second, a joy beyond measure. necessity of conserving them for future ge­ nerations needs a most urgent attention. Let's sit upon this rock and wait for the While reforestation and selective logging moon have been resorted to to counteract forest For sable Night, studded with stars'll be destruction, we must admit with regret that here soon our efforts at reforestation and conservation By the side of this fem-decked brook, a by selective logging have proven inadequate purling and ineffective to cope with the fast rate Our thoughts of love and rapture a-swirling. and big extent of tree destruction going on throughout the length and breadth of the I will gather the jade vine's pendant flowers land. While in the beginning we had to And with vine and cane I'll make you beau­ contend with the ignorant kainginero, nowa­ teous bowers days the public enemies of our forests are 'gainst sun and rain and mists and showers intelligent, influential and "inspired." In Snuggled in my bosom, sleep away the hours telligent because they generally are literate The blue of the sky and the rose of the and have had formal education and are dawn leaders in their community. Influential be­ The shimmer of the stars and the dew-pearled cause they have money and can be counted lawn upon for votes. "Inspired" because they go The sough of the wind, so soft and serene at ,forest destruction with the fanat}cat Are all yours, all yours, my heart's only zeal of one who has gone berserk for mo· Queen. ney. The kainginero because of his ignor­ ance does not know the damage he is causing The song of the brook racing to the sea on the forest by his nomadic system of The quiet of the meadows, the silence on the mountain agriculture. What he needs is lea someone to explain to him the bad effects The dream of a lake looking up at the sky that would result from his kaingin-making. Are ours to enjoy, all ours, you and I. In the past years, however, President Mag­ saysay's policy of "land for the landless" I would not change my lot with the riches of has emboldened the kainginero to be more kings ruthless and at times daring. His activity Nor a minute of love for diamond rings has become more rampant, and so destruc­ Your eyes, your smiles, your tears, your tive, that he no longer is afraid of the arms sighs of the law so that what was intended as land Your kisses are my priceless gems, my for the landless has become land for the law­ Paradise. less. The persistent demand for release of -TOTI BLANDO forest lands for agricultural purposes is res-

Moving-Up Day . Issue, March, 1959 Page 67 ponsible for the tremendous forest destruc­ Community Development workers whose tion now going on in the country. People privilege has been to attend lectures on for­ greedy for land no longer care about future estry principles and practices will serve as generations as long as they can have their effective agents in the dessimination of for­ fill. estry knowledge. A visiting American forester of world Introduction of forestry principles in the renown said that our forests are among the elementary grades. Elementary school best in the world but unless we take pro­ children often have shown vandalistic ten­ tective measures we are liable to lose them dencies in their treatment of trees. They earlier and faster than we think. The old climb trees, lop off the branches wantonly belief that we still have plenty of forests and recklessly, carve initials and figures on still persists. Not until every mountain has the tree trunks, drive nails into all parts been disrobed of its green mantle, not until of the tree, and in certain places set to fire every mountain stream has dried up, not the surrounding cogon areas and, more until the run-off after a torrential rain has often than not, the growing trees or newly gathered strength and volume to swell the planted seedlings are totally destroyed in rivers and threaten the valleys below with the holocaust. The only forestry lesson flood, will man learn. The Mabini tragedy that these schoolchildren get is during the took place not very long ago. It served Arbor Week, but how many of these under­ as a stark reminder, for a time, but now the stand the speeches or poems or talks during passing of years had erased the memories of the Arbor Day celebration, or how many of the past, and once again kaingin-making has them really care to listen and learn. If the been resumed in the nearby mountains. The simple forestry principles are taught to these Bureau of Forestry entrusted with the care children as a part of the daily lessons so and protection of our forests is like a man that they will learn early to appreciate the with his hands tied at his back, helpless and importance of trees, and thus learn to love inutile against politics. them, there will be less tree destruction. We must admit that these destructions Our trees along the roadsides, in the parks could have been prevented or minimized and schoolgrounds will be less molested. if the people only knew something about And we shall have lovelier looking trees their forests, their important role in the around us. daily life of man and in the progress and A keener apreciation of the importance prosperity of a nation. How many of those of trees will also make these schoolchildren men you meet on the street every day really take pride in the seedlings that they planted know the importance of the tree in his daily during the Arbor Week, and they will see to life. To a good many, a tree is a tree, good it that the young trees are watered and well for shade or firewood, and no more. The taken care of, at least, during their stay in poor tree is taken for granted. The problem, school. therefore, of educating the masses must be Coming home from school, they will have taken seriously and the solution implemented a chance to tell their parents about man's as effectively and expeditiously. faithful friends from the beginning of time. The following are to my mind some of Greater are the chances for parents to listen the ways of solving this perennial problem: to their children with interest than to the In the first place, there should be a cen­ "montero" whom perhaps they meet once tralized agency, with sufficient funds from in a very, very blue moon. the Government, whose main function is Civic organizations like women's fede­ to dessiminate basic forestry principles not rations and clubs, the Jaycees, the Lions, only in schools but among the masses. The the KC's, the Rotarians can join hands in

Pate 68 FORESTRY LE.AVES putting out a publication on forestry, on our pay so that the personnel will stay and give local trees, both ornamental and commercial, the best years of their lives to this kind of etc., during Arbor Week give prizes for work. the loveliest looking school yard, the stu­ The Forestry Leaves, organ of the Alum­ dent whose trees is the best taken care of, ni and the Student Body of the College of the community with the best looking trees, Forestry for doing a yeoman's job should etc. While it is true that some of these be given the whole-hearted support of all organizations have helped in forestry celeb­ Bureau men, the financial support of the rations, there is still much to be desired and lumber companies and those engaged in for­ to be done. One cannot and should not est products and the University of the Phil­ have limits when it comes to taking care ippines. of trees. A department of forestry ex tens i o n WHEN THE FORESTS ARE GONE should be created in the College of Forestry By ANGELO G. MORDENO similar to that of the College of Agriculture, entrusted with the same task by disseminat­ While people still see forests around, ing forestry knowledge by publications, by only a few would ever think that a time talks and audio-visual media. will come when there will be no more for­ The DANR should coordinate all the ac­ ests. This idea really seems ridiculous tivities of the different publications of its especially to those who believe that our for­ different bureaus and in order to attract ests are inexhaustible. However, if we young promising writers to handle these, pause for a while and try to look back, it should offer not only good, but excellent we find that forest destruction dates back

SODALIS

Mt. Makiling, I behold you where now you stand Above verdant fields and coconut palms Your hoary head above the clouds Watching us below, loyals sons of forestry From distant places and a foreign strand We love your forests broad whose charms Lie in every tree, spring, brook and the tangling shrouds Of pakpak lawin -laden branches and cascading vines Overhanging trails and carpets of fallen leaves, - Naturffls most beauteous tapestry Here atop a ridge overlooking the quiet Bay Lake Far from the din and throng of men Far from the dash and rumble that cars and jeeps and buses make Far from the glare and glitter of Neon signs Here close to Nature, among the trees, we feel the burden Of cares lifted tenderly. Here we listen to the song of birds and the symphony Of the breeze and the trees in bloom, Here we dream dreams and weave with hope our future's loom.

-AG. MORDENO - '59

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 69 thousands of years ago as shown by the On the other hand, we are losing annually man-made deserts, buried ruins, ever-spread­ forest areas at the rate of thirty thousand ing deltas, etc., that could be seen in any hectares. Our reforestation of one thou­ part of the world today. The lands once sand hectares per year will never be able so fertile that they were called "Garden to catch up. In forty years, therefore, we of Eden," "Gift of the Nile," and others, will have over one million hectares of de­ are now barren. During that time, popu­ nuded areas, and only forty thousand hec­ lation, although not as yet large as it is tares of reforested lands. Regardless of the today, forest destruction was already known. exact figures, it is a fact that reforestation How· much more with the present, the is losing its battle to deforestation. At world's population having increased to gi­ present, we have over three million hec­ gantic proportions and the use of land grown tares of open lands which in addition to extensively. We have lived so long with that estimated amount in forty years, al­ our forests that we have often taken them ready constitutes a very large portion of for granted. the total land area of the Philippines. Now, Man, of course, is the chief agent of with our present population of about 24 forest destruction. Whenever population million, increasing by 1.4 million every year, increases, especially at a tremendous rate, in forty years, the Philippines will be sup­ there is always that desire for lands, be­ porting eighty million people. Excluding cause it is in the nature of man to search the possible increases in the other years for food in order to live. But the time to come after forty years, eighty million will come when there will be more people people is eighty million and every square than what the land can actually support. inch of land will have been cultivated by Then every piece of land will be used to then. We cannot say that the 16 million hec­ produce food in the futile effort to feed tares of forest land will be spared for the millions. Then the forests will not be there will always be a lot of kaingineros spared and the future generation "can go among the eighty million. Kaingineros have to the dogs." No one can possibly pre­ been forestry's No. 1 public enemy. If vent or minimize the destruction caused by the present trend goes on, there is no de­ man except man himself. He must be made nying the fact that the forests will dis­ to understand the value of the forests and appear in the not distant future. their proper treatment so that with modern As a people, we need food, clothing and technology, they can be made to render shelter among others. Without wood, other more services than when they are cleare~. building materials like cement, metals, stones However, the people have been so indif­ and others will be used for homes, al­ ferent to the aims of forestry. judging though it can never compete with wood. from their present attitude, it seems that This might be possible to those who can the only way by which they could be made afford, but how about the poor? Then, with­ to understand and realize the paramount out forests, what will become of the food importance of forest conservation is for them and clothing problem? It has been said to suffer first the consequences of timber time and again that without forests there famine. is no agricultural land. With the fertile Perhaps, we have not realized the in­ lands turned by erosions into drifting sands, crease of our population every year, nor where shall we grow our crops? Water have we realized the actual forest destruc­ will always be a perennial problem. If even tion and its effects on us. Statisticians with the presence of forests our water sup­ say that our population is increasing at ply has been dwindling, how much more a rate of about 1.4 million people per year. without them? (Continued on paae 84)

Page 70 FORESTRY LEA YES THE SENIOR CLASS 1

ISIDRO T. ZAMUCO ANDREW W. IACDAYAN FLORENCIO P. MAURICIO College, Laguna EMERSON B. ABRAHAM Sagodo, Mountain Province Adviser a.... ,., C.rtificote - 1957 Poniqui, T orlac Ran9er'1 Certificate - 1957 Delegate, Annu::ll Nat1onol College College Scholar, 1955-'56 I ht Student Co!"lference to Baguio, Ranger's Certificate - l 957 sem 1; Insular lumber Com­ 1955; President, Seruor Cbss, Business Manager, Junior Closs, pany Scnolorsl'•up, 1957-'59 ! 958-'59; Supreme Fc:low, Ze­ 1957-'58; Vice-President, Sen­ Pres•denr, Forestry Student Body llJ Beto Rho, 1958-'59; V1ce­ ior Closs, 1958-'59 Orgon1zot1on 11 9 5 7 - '5 8 l, ll'ustr1ous Fellow, Upsilon S1g­ Member: Zeto Beto Rho Freshman Closs, 1955-'56 l2nd mo Phi, 1956-'Si; Ccpto1n, sem.l; College Editor, 1959 Forestry Basketball Teem, 1938; Phihpp1nens1on; Associate Edit­ Los Banos Varsity Letterm ll'\ or, Forestry leaves, 1958-'59 1956-'59 Member· UP Beto Sigma Frater­ Member; U.P. Los Barics Varsity ruty 1 Los Boilosl Basketball Team, 1959

SABAOO T. BATCAGAN ANDRES C. BLANOO NAPOLEON D. BUSA ESTEBAN S. CADAY 57 New Lucban Road, Sta. Mario, Pongasinon Butuon City Looog~ I locos Norte Baguio City Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger1 1 Certificate - 1958 Rangar's Certificata - 1957 Ro11,.r'1 Certificate - 1957 Sgt .-at-Arms, Forestry Student Bo­ PRO, Senior Closs, 1958-'59; Delegate, 46rh Annual laymen's Member: Beto Sigma Fraternity; dy Organization, 1956-'51; Business Manager, Freshman YMCA Convention, Manila, 1958; Business Manager, So­ Makiling Literary Club; Forestry 1958-'59 Closs, 1955-'56 phomore Closs, 1957, Treas­ Leaves Stoff Member: Corp of Cadet Officers, Member: Forestry Leaves Stoff, urer, IJocos Norte Vors.1torians U.P. Los Boiios, ROTC Unit; 1958-'59; Forestry Football !Los Bonosi Beta Sigma Fraternity Teem, 1958-'59 Member· Beto Sigma Frotemif'y; Zeto Bera Rho Fraternity

ROMULO A. DEL CASTILLO SIMPLICIO T. CASTILLO SANSERN CHARERNSRI NICOMEDES A. COLLAOO Pongil, Laguna Bocarra, !locos Norte 246 Chulolorigkosn Lone 3, Jones, lsabelo Ranger'• Certificate - 1957 lo11 ..r•1 Certificate - I 957 Bangkok, Thailand Ranger1 1 Certificate - 1958 Member: Zeto Beta Rho Member: Zeta Beta Rho Fratemity Associate in Forestry, Kasetsart Sgt.-ot-Arms, Senior Closs, 1958- Fraternity University - 1952 '59 Member: Forestry Football Team, Member: Upsilon Sigma Phi; Zeto lnternot1oi:iol Club, Los Boiios Beto Rho Chapter; Thai Students' Asso­ ciation in the Phd1ppmes . .,, r> ....

I11:1'-' ~ 1·

IRENEO L. DOMINGO ELPIDIO R. FABIAN ADOLFO L. GALAM JULITA A. GERARDO Pidd1g, !locos Norte Bayombong, Nuevo Vizcaya Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Laoag, I locos Norte Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - 1958 Ranger's Certificate - 1955 Ranger's Certificote - 1957 Vice-President, llocos Nerte !Los Member: Beta Sigma Fraternity; President, Forestry Student Body MemCer: Makil1ng Literary Club; Banos l Vorsitorian Forestry Leaves Stoff Or:;ianization, 1958-'59; Vice­ Sigma Beta Sorority; UPSCA Member: Beto Sigma Frnternity Cha1rmon, Forestry UPSCA, (Forestry Chapter 1 1955-'56 (I st sem_ I; Auditor, FSBO, 19?5-'56 (1st sem.) Member: Beto Sigma Fraternity; Committee on Management, Los Banos YMCA Branch, 1958-'59

ENRIQUITO D. DE GUZMAN NARONG GRITTANUGULYA I' 78 M Blvd, Coriclod, TEOFILO M. LINDA YEN BENJAMIN C. MABESA 466 Lob Loe, Uttorodith, CoY•ty Coty Son Carlos, Pongasinan Baguio City Pree, Thailand Ron,er'1 Certificat• - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - l 958 Ronger's Certificate - 1957 Studerit Ass,stont "' Dcndro!ogy Associate i11 Forestry, Kasetsart 195-:'-'58; Fe:low Bursar, Zeto Member: Upsilon Sigma Phi; Zeta Member: Beta Sigma Fraternity Univenity - 1952 Beto Rho 1957-'58, Fellow Beta Rho; Pangasinan Varsita­ Member: Forestry Football Team; charge d'cffo.,e. Zeto E!c•o Rno rian Club '955- 59. Rep to FS60, Senior International Club, Los Banos Clo

SEVERINO B. MOLINA, JR ANGELO G. MORDENO NICASIO N. MULATO SANGA NETHIN Alcala, Cagoyon Jabongo, Agusan Ranger's Certificate - 1958 Royal Forest Department, Sen Fernando, Lo Un:on Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Bangkok, Thailand Member: Upsilon Sigma Phi; Zeto Man.aging Edotor, Forestry Leaves Ed1tor-in-Ch1ef, Forestry Lecves, Associate in Forestry, Kasetsort Beta Rho 195~-'59, President, Junior 1958-'59; Treasurer, UPSCA, University - 1952 (less, 195i-'58, Vice-Supreme 1958-59; Aud~tor, Beta Sigma Member: Forestry Football Team; Felic"'·, Zeto Beto Rho, 1958- Fraternity, 1955-'56, PRO, Mo­ 59, Secretory, Forestry Student lnternot1onol Club, Los Barlos Body Orgonrzot1cn, l95i-'58, kiling Literary Club, 1956-'57, Chapter; Thai Students' Asso­ PR 0, Mokil.ng L•terory Club, Beto Sigma Fraternity, 1953-59, c1at1on in the Phdipp1nes 1957- 58, Athletic Manager, Vice-Pres, La Union Vars;to­ Senior Class. 1958-'59, Repre­ rians sentative, FSBO, 1955-'56 Mem!Jcr: Boord cf Management, Member Forestry Basl.c.etboll Team 1956-'58 Forestry Leaves, 1956-'57 ELIAS A. ORANTIA SATURNINO A. PONCE RODOLFO M. QUITOLES ROBINSON A. RAIZ lnfonto, Quezon Mogsingol, I locos Sur Bayombong, Nuevo Vizcaya Son Mateo, Isobela Ranger's Certificate - 1958 Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - 1957 PRO, Freshms:in Closs, 1955-'56; Sgt.-ot-Arms, Senror Cl;JSS, Vice-lllustricus Fellow, Upsilon Auditor, Senior Closs Orgoniz:ot1on, PRO, Junior Closs, 1958-'59 1958-'59 Sigma Phi, 1957-'59; NewJ 1958-'59; Auditor, Ju.,ior Closs Member: Zeto Beto Rho Member: Beto Sigma Fraternity Editor, Forestry Leaves, 1958- Orgonizot1on, 1957-'58 '59; Business Manager, Senior Member: Zeto Beto Rho Class, 1958-'59 Member: Mokiling Literary Club

BENEDICTO T. REPRADO EMILIO A. ROSARIO FLAVIANO G. SARDIAA FRANCISCO M. SOLARTA Cordon, lsobelo Roois, Vigen, I locos Sur Binolonon, Pongosinan Mor:royo, Son Antonio, Samar Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Ranger's Certificate - 1958 Ranger's Certificate - 1958 Ran9er'1 Certificate - 1958 Member: Beta Sigma Fraternity Treosurer, Senior Closs, 1958-'59 Secretory, Senior Closs, 1958-'59 Rep. to FSBO, Junior Closs, Member, Zeto Beto Rho Fellow: Zeta Beto Rho; Upsilon 1957-'58 Sigma Phi Member: Zeta Beto Rho

TRAGARN SUPMANEE FLORENTINO 0. TESORO AMPH~L UTTHANGKORN ARMANDO A. VILLAFLOR 84 Suon Yai, Mondhoburi, Sta. Domingo, I locos Sur No. 97 Bomrong Muon Rood Infonta, Quezon Thailand I.anger's Certificate - 1957 Bangkok, Thailand Ranger's Certificate - 1957 Associate in Forestry, Kasetsart Vice-President, Forestry Student Associate in Forestry, Kasetsart Representative, Junior Student Univenity Body Organization, 1958-'59; University Council, 1957-'58; h:n1or Rep Member: International Club Ass't Bus. Monoger, Forestry Member: Forestry Football Team; to U.P. Student Council, 1957- Leaves, 1958-'59; Audi~or, For­ lnternat1onal Club, Los Banos ·,58; Representative to Senior estry UPSCA, 1958-'59 Chapter; Thai Students' Asso­ Council, 1958-'59; Auditor Member: Beto Sigma Frotemity; crot1on in the Philippines. Forestry Student B0dy Org. Makiling Literary Club; Zeto 1956-'57 Beto Rho Member: Upsilon Sigma Phi; Zeto Beto Rho President Sinco listens with interest to Dean Zamuco's explanation for the need of renewing the ICA-NEC Program.

• -~ President Sinco at a merienda given by Dean Gregorio Zamuco, ''What's this1 I just came from another porty ••• and here, we are at it again •••"

",i

... -. \ Party given by Sec. Juan de G. Rodrigues at his Manila residence on March 7, 1959 in honor of FAO Director General B. R. Sen. Among the guests were: Director Benjamin Go:son, Bureau of Mines; Actg. Director Anacleto Coronel, Bureau of Animal Industry; Asst. Director Vicente Tordesillas, Bureau of Lands; Mr. Peregrino Quinto, Gen. Manager, Phil. Tobacco Adm.; Director Alicante, Bureau of Soils; Atty. Sal­ vador F. Cunanan, Asst. to the Secreta1y, DANR. THE JUNIOR CLASS

FILIBERTO S. POLLISCO JOSE A. ACAIN ROMEO I. AGLEAM CRISOSTOMO V. ARENAS AWioer Binalonan, Pangasinan Vigan, I locos Sur Sampaloc, Manila P.R.O., Junior Closs Org. Member: UPSCA Member: UPSCA Member: Upsilon Sigma Phi; Zeto Beto Rho

BIENVENIOO C. AREVALO CESAR A. ARROYO JOSE 0. IANIQUED llENVENIDO S. IARCARSE Sta. Cruz, Laguna BasikJn City Son Quintin, Pongasinan Comaloniugon, Cogoyon Member: Forestry Leaves Staff Treasurer, Student Body Org.; Treasurer, Sophomore Class, Fellow Whip, Zeta Beta Rho 1957-'58 Member: Basketball Team Member: Beto Sigma Frotemity

EDILBERTO Z. CAJUCOM ROIERT CHOT JESUS T. COROT.AN RUFINO C. OORADO Sta. Claro, Bosilon City Tondo, Manila Laoog, I locos Norte Borongan, Samar Vice-President, Junior Class, Chairmao, UPSCA (forestry P .R.O., Sophomore Closs, P.R.0., UPSCA; Cdt. Officer, 1958-'59; Fellow Fiscalizer, Chapter I, 1959-'60 1957-'58 U.P. Las Banos, ROTC Uoit, Zeta Beta Rho, 1958-'59; Member: Beta Sigma Fratemity Member: Beto Sigma Fraternity 1957 Bu"";iness Manager, Forestry Leaves, I ?58-'59

1 ISIDRO ESTEBAN ROGELIO GONZALES CESAR R. GUTIERREZ PERFECTO F. LACUESTA Vigen, Ilocos Sur Lombunoo, lloilo San Carlos, Pongosinan Buer, Aguilar, P!=ingosinan Member: Zeta Beto Rho; For­ Member: Vis-Minda Varsita­ Member: Zeta Beta Rho Fra­ Member: Beta Sigma Frotemity estry Leaves Staff; Mokiling rions Club; UPSCA temity Literary Club JOSE L. LECHONCITO ADELA RIMION JUSTO P. ROJO llENVENIDO R. ROLA Lambunao, lloilo Los Barios, Laguna Pondol, Colomba, Cebu College, Laguna Member: Vis-Minda Vorsito­ Society Editor, Forestry Leaves Fellow Whip, Zeto Beta Rho President, Junior Closs; Secretory, rions Club Membe.: UPSCA Fraternity, 1959-'60 Zeta Beto Rho; Athletic M.an­ oger, FS80 Member: Forestry Leaves Stoff; U.P. Varsity Basketball Team

ROMEO$. SALVADOR UNESTO V. SEGURITAN CONSTANTE 8. SERNA BERNARDO C. SINUES Son Jose St., Zomboanga City Cabugao, llacas Sur Cobuga.o, I locos Sur Son Manuel, Pongosinan Treasurer, Student Body Org., Member: Upsi Ion · Sigma Phi Business Manager, Pongosinan 1957-'58; Zeto Beta Rho Varsitarians

MARCELO UDARBE ROMULO R. VALERIO ROBERTO G. DE VERA AVELINO G. VERACION Sondokon, North Borneo Binalonan, Pangosinon Mogtoquing, Bugollon, Ballesteros, Cagoyan Member: Beto Sigma Frotemi Secretary, Junior Class Org. Pongasinon Member: Beto Sigma ty; UPSCA Member: Zeto Beta Rho; Member: Beto Sigma Fraternity UPSCA

Hot pictured: H. T. Achanii:ar, F. S. Arcangel, A. T. Asuncion, I. K. Bulacan, O. B. Cadelina, B. A. Calabia, A. D. Canete, M. S. Cortes, A. S. Decena, V. X. Dinh, D. 8. Endontan, L. M. Estrada, L. O. Lee, B. M. Macabata, H. N. Mulato, H. R. Organo, W. S. PollisCo, T. A. Talaro, D. T. Tran, F. D. Virtucio. THE SOPHOMORE CLASS

Dr. ARTEMIO V. MANZA FLORINTINO R. ANDAYA MARCILINO D. IAUTISTA ATILANO A. CAIASUG AdYi'8r Cardon, lsabela Camiling, Torloc Cabugao, Ilocos Sur President, llocos Sur, Abra Student Organization Member: Zeta Beta Rho

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LARRY N. CAYAYAN ROGELIO COSICO LARRY I. CULILI ROBDTO N. DUMO Fobrico, Negros Occidental Son Pablo City, Laguna Fabrica, Negros Occidental Bonfol, Nueva Vizcaya Member: UPSCA; Basketball Member: Zeto Beto Rho Fro· Member: UPSCA; Model Cam­ Member: Beta Sigma Team ternity; Forestry Leaves Stoff; pany; Panoy, Negros Students Makiling Literary Club Organization

CARLOS N. EMPEDRAD MOISES Q. ESTRELLA GREGORIO R. FAllAN PANTALEON G. FORTUNADO lguig, Cogayan T uburon, Cebu Anda St., Bayambong,. lnfanta, Quezon Member: UPSCA Vice·Pres., Sophomore Class Nueva Vizcaya Member: Zeta Beta Rho Org.; Treasurer, UPSCA Member: Zeto Beto Rho

CARLOS GLORI FRANCISCO P. GUZMAN VIDAL T. LLACUNA SOFRONIO F. MAGBANUA Bongued, Abra Piat, Cogayan Looag, Ilocos Norte Fabrico, Negros Occ. Associate Editor, Forestry Member: Beta Sigma Member: Beta Sigma; ROTC Member: UPSCA; Sauthemer's Leaves, 1958-'59 Band • Club President, Makiling Literary Club L APOLINARIO C. MARQUEZ JR. PETRONILO MUNEZ MELCHOll MAGSANOC FRANCISCO MANAOG Butuan City laooQ, llocos Norte Abuyog, Leyte Forestry Campus, Laguna Rep. to SBO, Freshmen Class, Member: Vis-Minda Varsito­ U. P. Los Barios Student Tennis Fellow Whip, Zeto Beta Rho, 1957-'58 rions Club Champion 1959-'60 Member: UPSCA; Forestry Bas­ ketball Team; Soccer Team; Track-Field Team

APOLINARIO M. PAEZ FEDERICO RAMOS LUCRECIO L. REIUGIO ALEXANDER A. REQUINA Blltuan City Oingros, I locos Norte Laoac, Monaoog, Pongasinon Lopez, Quezon Member: Beto Sigma; Mod-!I Member: UPSCA; l.N.S.A. Member: Zeto Beto Rho; Member: UPSCA; Que-Mar Compony UPSCA Varsitarions

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ADOLFO REVILLA JR. PETE SAN PIDRO JR. ERNESTO E. SANTOS llENVENIDO E. TOLENTINO Oingros, I locos Norte Son Juan, Rizal Manila San Jose, Occ. Mindoro Member: Zeto Beto Rho Member: Bosketboll Teom; Member: Beta Sigma PRO, Freshmen Class Org., Secreto

ERNESTO M. TREMOR JR. EDILBERTO UNITE JR. BUENAVENTURA C. VIDAD ELPIDIO A. VILLANUEVA Sto. Domingo, I locos SL1r Ballesteros, Cogoyan lncangon, Dupox, Nueva Dovao City Member: Beta Sigma; UPSCA; Fellow Herold, Zeto Beto Rho Vizcaya Bus. Mgr., Freshmen Closs, llocos Sur-Abra Student As­ Fraternity, 1959-'60 Org., 1957-'58; Treosurer, sociation Member: Forestry tJasketba II UPSCA, 1959-'60 Team; U.P. Los Barios Bas­ Member: Beta Sigma ketball Team; U.P. Varsity Team THE FRESHMAN CLASS , AUGUSTO M. BLANDO Dr. ARTEMIO V. MANZA SAMUEL A. AZARES CONRADO P. BACENA U.P. Dilimon, Quezon City Ad•iter Roars, V1gon, llocos Sur Tuoo, Bogobag, Vice-Pres., Freshmen Class Nuevo Vizcaya Member: UPSCA; Basketball Team; Los Banos Voisity Basketball Team; Letterman, Los Boiios Varsity

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GUILLERMO M. CAIAAIRO IRIGIDO A. DE LA CRUZ IRICO T. ENRIQUEZ TANCIANO G. FELIAS Laoog, I locos Norte Santa Mario, I locos Sur Margosatubig, Zamboangc. Nasipit, Agusan Member: ROTC Band Member: Model Company; Mo­ del Sur kiling Youth Club; llocos Sur-Abra Vorsitorians Asso­ ciation

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ANGEL M. GARCIA AL RASHID H. ISHMAEL SATURNINO O. MACARAIG PEPITO M. MENDOZA Mongoldon, Pangosinon Bus-bus, Jolo, Sulu Sta. Moria, Pongasinan Oogupon City

VIRGILIO A. OCHINANG BERNARTE I. OLLERO MARIANITO N. PASTOR ANICETO S. PAVO Lipit, Manaoog, Pangosinon San Nicolas, Pongosinon Cordon, lsobelo Polino, Urdoneto, Member: UPSCA Pongosinon ~. ' . ··~hi ' -~ \ ' _, . )-.,

RODOLFO R. PILAR DOMINADOR T. DEL ROSARIO SANTOS S. SABIO JR. BERNARDO D. SA YGO Roois, Vigon. llocos s.,_,. Alcokl, Cogoyon Cabugoo, Ilocos Sur Cordon, lsobelo t"~es., Freshmen Closs Org. Member: UPSCA; Vollevball Team; Softball Team

TERENCIO P. TALOMA ALERTO E. TREMOR CALITO P. VERTUDES Toyum, Abra Sta. Domingo, I locos Sur Sta. Domingo, I locos Sur Membe<: UPSCA

Not pictured: A. C. Acoba, R. V. A9uilor, A. C. Agustin, R. C. Agustin, D. 5. Alonso, E. A. Alvares, A. L. Aranas, T. R. Ay-yod, M. P. Bondong, J. C. Borondo, I. V. Borongon, F. 5. Barroso, D. L. Bortoloso, A.. E. Bertuso, B. 0. Bisuna, R. C. Baada, A. B. Baado, E. F. Brillos, P. C. Buen, E. T. Buenafe, 5. T. Burgos, R. ·D. Bustillo, V. F. Cocdac, T. P. Calora, I. E. Co111ello, E. U. Candelario, B. C. Carino, P. L. Cayabyab, M. E. Corpus, R. P. Crisosto1110, B.B. Dacanay~ 0. 114. Dagdayan, P. U. Dasig, F. M. Dasiloo, R. L. Delgado, 0. D. Dispo, I. M. Do111ingo, R. A. Dor111endo, C. G. Duruin, M. N. Ebuna, S. M. Enerva, F. B. Enrile, C. G. Ewoc, T. V. Fernandes, S. D. Festin, D. B. Figarola, U. G. Gabot, C. M. Galves, Q. V. Gellidon, M. L. Generalao, F. A. Gines, 0. U. Gonsales, C. V. Gul111atico, 0. M. Ho111adq,' E. E. Her111osura, G. P. Ja111era, G. L. Lacuesta, R•. M. Lanciola, A. C. Laureto, N. F. Llovore, M. A. Lo111eres, F. C. Losano, M. R. Madamba, 5. B. Maghanoy, L. B. Mogtira, B. D. Malta, V. V. Martines, M. H. Mendosa, F. L. Mendosa, D. L. Mong, I. E. Nalupa, R. S. Orsolino, D. G. Padre, C. P. Paed, R. E. Pagulayan, P. Pangcoga, R. N. Pascosio, I. G. Patague, F. A. Peralta, U. R. Pilar, D. P. Pinaroc, S. C. Privado, L. M. Quitoles, B. P. Ramires, S. S. Raneses, W. t Reboton, S. E. Reyes, H. C. Salopong, A. P. Sangalang, S. S. Savellano, J. B. Seguerra, V. V. Serquina, I. R. Serrano, W. A. Salis, D. A. Soriano, J. L_. Tacugue, J. T. Taesa, T. P. Talamo, L. T. Tobias, E. D. Tongo­ con, A. E. Tremor, R. L. Valencia, H. T. Veles, C. P. Vertudes, R. F. Villadelgado, N. Q. :Zaballa, D. 5. Zaragosa. CLASS ORGANIZATIONS

The Senior Closs Organisation with Dr. C. E. Fomsworth, Dr. R. E. Pentoney, Dir. E. de lo Cruz, Deon Zomuco, Dr. Carl De Zeeuw, Dr. E. Stone Jr., and Mr. M. Mauricio, Closs Adviser.

The Forestry Student Body Officers. Sitting from left to right: I. Esteban, Jr. Rep. to UPSC; A. Golam, President; Dir. E. de lo Cruz, Adviser; F. Tesoro, Vice-President; A. Bocdayan, Sr. Rep. to UPSC. Standing same order: C. Lantican, Auditor; C. Arroyo, Treasurer; A. Biondo, G. Turgo, Sgt.-ot-Arms; A. Canete, Rep. to the Phil. Collegian.

The Officers of the Sophomore Closs Organisation with Dr. A. V. Manso, Closs Adviser. The Vigilance Committee: Sitting from left to right: I. Gonsales, A. Revilla Jr., D. Faustino Jr., Dr. A. V. Mansa I Adviser), N. Dalangin, M. Lickiaya, B. Vidad. Standing same order: I. Aspiras, S. Martin, S. Cruz, E. Unite Jr., M. Tandoc, C. Estrella.

The SiMcultural Class under Prof. Deliso in one of the reforestation projects in the !locos Regian.

The Sophomore Class Organisation with their Adviser, Dr. Artemio V. Manza. FORESTRY DAY SCENES

Dean %amuco Introducing Hon. Amanda Dali1ay, Undersecretary Dalisoy delivering his address dur­ 17th Forestry Day speaker. ing the 17th Forestry Day held November 30, 1958. e

Miss Amelita Amor of the U.P. Conservatory Mr. Zoe Lopes accompanied on the piano by Miss Mau­ of Music thrills the audience with a vocal ricia Borromeo. rendition. Portion of the audience durint the 17~h Forestry Day Con"Yocatlon pJ0tra111 held on Na... 30, 1958 at the Col .... auditorium.

Undersecretary Dalisay layint a wreath at the cenotaph as Dir. Crus and Adolfo Ga­ lam, SBO Adviser and President re1pec­ ti'Yely, look on. A portion of the audience 1in9int "Men of the Forest We". I·

The Guest Speaker with Dean Zomuco and Auistant Dean Santos IC.A.I and some members of the College The guest speaker chotl with Dr. of Agriculture Faculty on their way to the College of and Mrs. Farnsworth after the con­ Forestry Auditorium. 'YOCation. HERE & THERE

Fae.&, 111e111...... -pl~ of the Collete of FOftllfTJ, Co11eae of Agrfcllhre 011d U.P. R•ral High School taking their .... hfore Preliclenr Vicente Sinco during the Coaltitution Day "°9N• held Februry 8, 1959.

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The Forestry Float tllat participated during the Opening PaNde of the Vigan Camival ond Foir held January 20, I 959. Standing at left is Dist. Forester Bernabe Zumel. COLLEGE SCENES

The guest speaker with Dean Zamuco, Dr. Hunt, Dr. Stone Jr., Dr. Farnsworth, Dr. Zehngraff and Dir. Crus.

Dr. Thomas Gill, forest policy expert cleliverln1 an aclclress before the faculty and student body of the College of Forestry at a special convoca­ tion helcl on January 22, 1959.

Dir. Eugenio cle la Crus asking Dr. Gill a que1- tion on farest policy.

Dean Zamuco congratulating Dr. Gill after hi1 acldreu on World Forestry and Foresten. • ~ "1totu.

MOVING-UP DAY PROGRAM SLATED Farnsworth and Dr. Pentoney will leave for the MARCH 19-21 United States on March 17 and 25, respectively, The Moving-Up Day Celebration is slated tc after having completed their 11h year-stay in day March 21 as decided upon by the College the Philippines under the U.P. College of For­ of Forestry SBO in a meeting held last Feb. estry-Cornell Contract. They were the first ex­ 5 with the SBO President, Adolfo Galam, change professors who were sent to the Philip­ presiding. pines under the contract that began last year. The celebration, a tradition in the College of The "salo-salo" was also a welcome part:i; Forestry held annually before the end of the for the De Zeeuws who arrived recently. Dr. school year, was decided to be a colorful one De Zeeuw will replace Dr. Pentoney and Dr. this year. A committee, formed by the pres­ Farnsworth and will be with the College fa­ ident himself, decided on the following program culty together with Dr. Earl Stone, Jr. for ano­ of activities that will surely make the celebra­ ther contract year. tion a success: A program emceed by Prof. Recto was held March 19, 1959 (Thursday) after the dinner. Short talks were heard from 8:00-10:00 a.m.-"Hobo" hikE' (From the honorees in between musical and dance num­ Calauang to Forestry bers. The Forest Products Research Institute Campus). presented a piano selecti~n by Miss Marietta Ag­ March 20, 1959 (Friday) caoili, a "Salakot" Dance and the popular "Ti­ 8:00-12:00 a.m.-Athletic games nikling" performed by FPRI personnel children, 1: 00- 5: 00 p.m. - Athletic games and a vocal solo by Mrs. Zaraus. Hidden talents 7 :00-10 :00 p.m. - Oratorical and Spanish among the College faculty were also discovered Declamation Contests when Prof. Deli:zo played the guitar, Virtuoso under the auspices of style and Miss Jessie Taleon sung "Pakiusap" the Makiling Literary and "Bakit Ako Naulila". The local UPSCA Club. (Makiling Nat. chapter presented a folk dance called "Surtido" Park Pavilion). while Philippine folk songs were played for the March 21, 1959 (Saturday) visiting professors and their families. Not to 8:00-10:30 a.m. -Open House (Col!ege be outdone, the ladies of the visiting professors of Forestry and Coll~ge presented a special number. They sung "Juani­ Dormitories) ta" and "The More We Get Together" to the 9:00-10:00 a.m. - Registration of Alum­ delight of the audience. ni (College of Forestry Mrs. Zamuco presented the gifts of the fa­ Building) culty to Mrs. Farnsworth and Mrs. Pentoney. 10:30-12:00 noon-Luncheon (By Invita­ Dean Zamuco delivered the closing remarks ex­ tion) College of For­ pressing his gratitude on behalf of the faculty estry Building for the accomplishments that the two professors 1: 00- 4: 30 p.m. - Joint U .P. Forestry had done for the College. Alumni Association and -A.G.M. Society of Filipino For­ • * * esters Annual Meeting. SENIORS HONOR VISITING PROFESSORS 8:00-12:00 p.m. -Graduation Ball Different committees were formed to help The Senior Class Organization of the Col­ make the celebration a successful one. lege of Forestry honored the Farnsworths, the Pentoneys, and the De Zeeuws with a party held -Dizon, E.G. at the Forestry roof garden last March 6, 1959. * * * The Pentoneys will be leaving for the United COLLEGE FACULTY BID GOODBYE TO States via Hongkong and Japan on March 17, THE F ARNSWORTHS AND PENTONEYS while the Farnsworths will leave on March 25 The College of Forestry faculty gave a des­ for Europe before proceeding to the United pedida party for Dr. C. Eugene Farnsworth and States. Dr. Carl De Zeeuw and his family ar­ Dr. Richard E. Pentoney and their families at rived recently to replace Dr. Farnsworth and the College auditorium last March 7, 1959. Dr. Dr. Pentoney who have just completed their

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 71 Ph year stay in the Philippines under the U.P. of the Visiting American Professors, requested College of Forestry-Cornell Contract. Dr. De Mr. Bernfard Send, a German photogrammetrist Zeeuw will be with the College faculty together to lecture on the basic fundamentals of aerial with Dr. Earl Stone, Jr. until next year. photogrammetry before the U.P. College of For­ A short program was held emceed by Julie estry students. The lecture was held at the Gerardo. Short talks were heard from the vi­ College auditorium last January 12. Mr. Send siting professors and their ladies, while surprise introduced the principal equipments needed in numbers were also presented by some members the practice of Photogrammetry. He briefed of the class. The Pentoneys and the Farm;. the students on the importance of the subject worths said that they really enjoyed their stay to land demarcation, cadastral surveys, road lo­ here and expressed their unwillingn£:ss to go cations, and on other fields of surveying. He were it not for their job at Syracuse. said that photogrammetry is very important to The party ended with Dean Zamuco deliver­ forestry because it accelerates land classifica­ ing the closing remarks followed by the singing tions at less expense. The German photogram­ of "Auld Lang Syne". metrist was applauded by the audience when he -.4..G.M. illustrated the process of getting heights of trees or any objects whose heights are to be taken. * * * After briefing the students, he showed pie­ LUMBERING CLASS TO LLAVAC tures of the various instruments used in Photo­ The Lumbering I class under Dean Zamuco grammetry, after which, a movie illustrating went on an educational field trip to Llavac, the process of taking aerial maps and pictures, Infanta, Quezon last February 23 to 25, 1959. developing of films, procedure in locating con­ Aboard 2 buses, the students left the campus tour lines, and adjustments of errors and dis­ at 5 : 30 early in the morning headed by the tortions were shown. Location of control points dean & lumbering instructors Leonardo Ange­ was also shown and explained. Mr. Send en­ les & Juanito Lamanilao. They made their first tertained questions propounded by the enthusias­ stopover at Paete where they observed the raft­ tic audience. ing of logs of the International Hardwood & Meanwhile, the Dean of the College of For­ Veneer Co. of the Philippines. The logs, to be estry said that the College will offer Photogram­ rafted from Paete to Manila gave the boys a first metry probably next school year. He disclosed hand information on that particular subject of that a $10,000 worth of Photogrammetry instru­ their lumbering course. To keep up with their li­ ments and equipments have been requested. He mited time, the class proceeded immediately to said that the instruments are expected to ar­ Llavac after having finished their field studies at rive sometime this year. The Dean disclosed Paete. The boys had barely shaken off the dust however, that Photogrammetry when offered next when they started taking lecture and orientation school year will be an elective subject. notes around the sawmill areas. The following - L. M. Estrada day, Feb. 24, they made a round-up of the log­ • • • ging operations inside the Int. Hardwood & Ve­ WOOD TECH 3 CLASS HOLDS TRIP neer Co. of the Philippines. They observed the The Wood Tech 3 (Wood Preservation) class kinds of logging operations & sawmilling em­ visited the Atlantic, Gu}f and Pacific Co. of ployed by the mill. On Feb. 25, a part of the Manila, located at Farola, North Harbor, Ma­ class went out to the logging area while the nila last February 14. others remained in the sawmill areas. Those The Class, under Prof. R. Cortes, was met who went out made a survey of the sawmill by Forester Bernardo Burgos, an alumnus of sites, the buildings, & made plans of these. AU the College, who led the tour around the wood­ observations, lectures on logging operation:;; & treating plant. The class was afforded a first­ sawmilling were accomplished before noon of hand observation on the treatment of logs and that day. The students had a little break after lumber; creosote-treatment and Wolman salts­ taking their meal & then went home after 30 treatment operations. minutes. They arrived home at about 4.30 p.m., Professor Caesar Recto, the secretary of the tired & worried about the busy days ahead for College, and Mr. Domingo Lantican went also their report on the trip. with the class. --Dizon, E. G. * * * • • • LITERARY-MUSICAL PROGRAM SEND LECTURES ON AERIAL Students from the College of Agriculture PHOTOGRAMMETRY BEFORE FSBO grabbed the lion's share of the top prizes during The College of Forestry, through the efforts the literary-musical program held last Nov. 29,

Page 72 FORESTRY LEA. VES 1958 at the Forestry auditorium in connection Seniors and Freshmen won the 2nd and 3rd with the 17th Forestry Day. Except for the prizes, respectively. musical contest which was won by D. Faustino, The Juniors again won the carol singing Jr., all other contests were won by Aggie stu­ contest followed closely by the UPSCANS, dents. Freshmen, Seniors, Betans and Rhoans. In the declamation contest, Ariel Arias romp­ In the lantern contest, the Freshmen won ed away with the gold medal with "Man with the top prize while the Zeta Beta Rho Frater­ the Hoe" while Buddy Batcagan and Rosie Vil­ nity was second. The Juniors, UPSCANS, and ladelgado, both forestry students, won the sil­ the FORESTRY LEAVES got the next three ver and bronze medals, respectively. highest places. Miss Remedios Cinense won the gold medal However, the UPSCANS almost stole away in the oration contest while Carlos Glori and the show from the other participating groups D. Faustino, Jr. won the 2nd and 3rd prizes, with their well-rehearshed special numbers. respectively. Their much-applauded numbers were the folk June Faustino's interpretation of "I'm a fool dance and the pageant about the birth of Christ. to want you" won for him the gold medal in -N. D. Busa the musical contest. The silver medal went to * * • Miss Ruth Botor representing the Sigma Beta COLLEGE FRATERNITY sorority. ELECTS OFFICERS -N. D. Busa In a recent meeting, the Zeta Beta Rho Fra­ * * * ternity of the College of Forestry elected its SILVICULTURE CLASS FIELD TRIP new set of officers for the school year 1959-60. TO THE NORTH Jess Rola and Eddie Cajucom were chosen Su­ The silviculture class under Prof. Teodoro preme-Fellow and Vice-Supreme Fellow, respec­ Delizo held an education tour to the Northern tively, replacing Sid Zamuco and Angie Mor­ provinces which include Ilocos Sur, Baguio and deno. Other officers elected were: Bernie Si­ Ilocos Norte last Dec. 23-28. This trip was uues, Fellow Scribe; Will Pollisco, Fellow Charge undertaken in connection with the study of nur­ d'Affaires; Moises Estrella, Fellow Bursar; Ro­ series and plantations. mie Salvador, Fellow Fiscalizer, Eddie Unite, The class visited reforestation projects and Jr., Fellow Herald; Pete Munez and Justo Rojo, nurseries among which are: Kennon Road Nur­ Fellow Whips. Dr. Artemio V. Manza was una­ sery, Pacdal Nursery and Plantation in Baguio nimously elected Fellow Adviser. City, Tumedtedted Nursery in Ilocos Norte, Nue­ Meanwhile, the fraternity decided to give a va Era Reforestation Project in Nueva Era, Ilo­ despedida party for the graduating brods. Grad­ cos Norte, and the Caniao Reforestation Project uating this year are: A. Abraham, E. Caday, R. in So. Caniao, Bo. Paing, Bantay, Ilocos Sur. Castillo, S. Castillo, N. Collado, E. de Guzman, The trip was highlighted by lectures of Dis­ T. Lindayen, A. Mordeno, E. Orantia, E. Ro­ trict Foresters of the different districts visited, sario, F. Sardina, F. Solarta, F. Tesoro, A. Vil­ and those of the foresters-in-charge of the va­ laflor, and Sid Zamuco. rious nurseries and reforestation projects. The * * * class was also feted with dances in some of the DILIMAN SELECTION UPSETS places visited and basketball games were also FORESTRY FIVE - 79-73 played. The Silviculture team composed of The Diliman selection aiter a late rally in Unite, San Pedro, Barrairo, Faustino, Dumpit, the second half of play defeated the College of Generalao, Tremor, Cruz and Paez had "swell" Forestry team 79-73 last Nov. 30, 1958 at the games in some of the places visited. Forestry basketball court. The Diliman five, composed of selected players from the different * * * colleges in Diliman had a poor start during the FORESTRY CHRISTMAS PROGRAM first half of play but they rallied some five The Student Body Organization celebrated minutes before guntime and defeated the forestry Christmas with a program last December 20, five. This was the second setback suffered by 1958 at the Forestry auditorium. Different con­ the local team in the hands of the Diliman quin­ tests were held and every participant won a tet. prize due to the great number of prizes donated In the early part of the game, the forestry mostly by the students. team jumped to an early lead 20-12 with the In the skit contest, the Junior Class was de­ combination of Unite, San Pedro, and Blando clared winner with their antics that kept the going on a scoring rampage. At this juncture, audience rolling in the aisles with laughter. The the Diliman team tried to keep abreast with a

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 73 combination of Jorge, Solivar, Payumo and Sad­ ciso was the defending champion and a repre­ dul but Blando, Marquez, Zamuco and Unite sentative from the College of Agriculture. retaliated basket for basket to retain the lead Narciso smashed his way to a 4-1 lead in till the end of the first half. The sc.Jre was the first set. Marquez broke Narciso's service 40-32. in the sixth game, held his service in the seventh The Diliman five caught fire in the second and again broke Narciso in the eighth to tie half of play and after ten minutes, they were the score at 4-4. In the ninth, Narciso com­ up by 1 point, 51-52. San Pedro jumped and mitted 3 straight errors and in the tenth Mar­ regained the lead 53-52. Both teams had a ding­ quez broke again Narciso to win the first set dong battle and after four minutes, the Dili­ 6-4. man team stretched their lead to five, 68-73. Service held in the first two games by both With three minutes left, Jorge, and Solivar con­ players made the second set tied early at 1-1 verted three successive goals, 68-79. A cha­ all. Then Marquez by giving slow and fly balls rity and a lay up by Rola cut the lead to eight, went ahead to a 4-1 lead. Narciso took the sixth, 71-79. With thirty seconds left, San Pedro jump­ 4-2. Then Marquez held on in the seventh and ed and ended the game to the tune of 73-79. in the eight. Marquez won easily the second How they scored: set, 6-2. DILi MAN FORESTRY - E. de Guzmci11 Solivar ...... 24 San Pedro -······-··---- 20 * * * Jorge ...... 21 Unite ------18 GOLDIES IN THE MAROON LINE-UP Saddul ...... 14 Blando ------·------·-- 8 With the end of the local basketball season Payumo -··-·--··-·---··-· 10 Rola --····------·------·-- 7 '\nd with the College of Forestry emerging as Lazo ...... 6 Tandoc ------······ 6 champion for the first time, three of our play­ Yu------·--·-·------·- 2 Marquez ---·-·· ------6 ers were selected to bolster the rookie-laden U.P. Fider 2 Zamuco ------2 Maroons in the National Open and most prob­ Agcaoili -----·--··---·---- 2 ably in future cage wars. 79 Buenafl.or ------2 However, we found that they were not given enough publicity although they had consistently 73 shown their worth. They were also known to Meanwhile, the Forestry Junior team defeat­ represent the Aggies instead of the College of ed the Laguna Institute hoopsters 61-55. Both Forestry. Incidentally, it is also interesting to team showed accurate shooting and perfect re­ note that we contributed three of the four Los bounding. Eddie Ocampo garnered a total of Banos representatives whom we should be proud 17 points, with Daproza scoring 9 points, fol­ of. lowed by Cortes, Clemente, and Sequerra earn­ To give them the honor that they rightfully ing 6 points each. deserve, we believe in putting in a few good Dela Cuesta scored a total of 18 points with words for them. Escueta and Altovero scoring 10 points each Sid Zamuco-The ballhawking 5'7" skipper for Laguna hoopsters. Halftime score was of the Forestry Goldies plays forward for Bing 34-31. Ouano. An adroit dribbler, he played the role In another game held on the 29th of Nov., of playmaker and source of speed for the Gold­ the Forestry Selection made an easy victory ies in their quest for the crown. Chief wea­ over the lowly Knights of Canlubang. The For­ pon is a one-handed jumpshot from the quar­ estry Selection used both height and speed to tercourt and from the sides. Provide him the defeat the Knights. Unite and Blando were the screens, and Bingo! top scorers for the Forestry Selection. They Jess Rola-The kid with the mighty stretch were followed closely by Rola, Tandoc and San plays forward for the Maroons. A tremendous Pedro with 11, 9 and 8 points respectively. The rebounder at 5'9" both in the defense and the game ended with a score of 86-57. offense, he tended the backcourt and the pivot - E. de Guzman area for the goldies during the intramurals. He * * * has the distinction of staying cool and calculat­ MARQUEZ: 1958 STUDENT TENNIS ing even under pressure and when the going TOURNAMENT CHAMP becomes rough. These qualities makes him the Apolinario Marquez, Jr., lone entry of the logical successor to 'Zamuco as skipper next College of Forestry to the 1958 Student Tennis year. Chief weapon is a powerful lay-up and Tournament grabbed for the first time the ten­ a two-handed jumpshot from the corners. nis throne with a 6-4, 6-2 conquest of Narciso Eddie Unite Jr.-The tallest guy in the at the College of Agriculture tennis court. Nar- Goldie team at 5'11" plays center for the Ma-

Page 74 FORESTRY LEAVES roons. T,.ogether with Rola, he provided the re­ Pool. Unmarred by the threatening overcasts, bounding power of the Goldies in the intramu­ the dance was claimed a success by those who rals. Despite a relatively low poundage for his attended it. Dean Zamuco, F. Mauricio, Sr. height, he proved himself unstoppable :Crom the class adviser, and Junior Class Adviser F. Pol­ pivot area with his repertoire of shots plus Jisco headed the lists of guests. the flawless feeding of Zamuco. Chief scor­ The following Junior class officers graced the ing weapon is a towering jumpshot and a force­ annual prom; President, B. R. Rola; Vice-Pres., ful lay-up from the keyhole area. E. Z. Cajucom; Secretary, R. R. Valerio; Treas· Angie urer, A. A. Rimbon; Business Manager, P. F. • • • Lacuesta; A:th. Manager, R. G. de Vera; Au­ Here's a "gripe note" from one of .iur fresh­ ditor, J. -,:'. Rojo; Reps. to SBO, F. S. Arcan­ men who got too fresh that he posted three of gel; M. P. Udarbe, Jr.; Reps. to the U.P. Junior his anonymous letters (•n the bulletin beard. Council, A. D. Canete, A. S. Decena; Sgt.-at­ The text of his notes is not even worth the Arms, J. F. Corotan value of ink in print but for the sake of those * * * concerned, we are publishing it. LIBRARY GETS NEW BOOKS FROM • * • ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION TO THE VIGILANTS The College library is receiving new books "We are appealing to you to !)lease stop from the Rockefeller Foundation since February giving us tickets because as you know we are 3. More are still expected until the $10,000 ap­ poor and not as rich as you are. We can't afford propriation granted by the Rockefeller Founda· even to pay a fine of 20 centavos, how can we tion is all used up for the purehase of books and buy a new skull cap and why do you insist library equipments. · on us to do so? Is wearing the skull-cap The $10,000 aid is granted by the Rockefel· throughout a year, a tradition? If so, why did ler Foundation to the College of Forestry Li· you not do your part? Since you did not wear, brary last year. The books received are adver· it goes to show that it's not a tradition, but you tised in the bulktin board. are creating a new tradition and enforcin;t wh.1t Meanwhile, the college professors are also you want and this is unfair." donating books, periodicals, magazines, pam· -ANONYMOUS - phlets, periodical stand3, book trucks, etc. The To Mr. Anonymous, I say, Man, you've got donors are Drs. E. Stone Jr., E. Farnsworth, and something in there. R. Pentoney, Pref. C. Recto, Prof. 1'. Delizo an

Movin9-Up DaJ Issue, March, 1959 Pa1e 75 pecially the controversial figures of the area ol N ablo about the main problems of his division. forest lands and extent of timber stock. He al· He also talked on the various permits and pro­ so emphasized on the management cTf the for­ vided the audience with samples of them. est, reforestation work, and the major prob­ ·For. San Buenaventura traced the history of lems in forestry. reforestation work in the Philippines and men­ • • • tioned the accomplishments of the division in re­ Through the invitation of Dr. Pentoney, Mr. forestation. Eddie Galang of the Industrial Development For. Asiddao also talked about the conduction Center, spoke on the Philippine plywood indus­ of different researches for the other divisions try last Feb. 10. He made mention on the as­ especially the establishment of sample plots. pects, . the present and future problems of the -A.G.M. industry. Mr. Galang also talked on the functions of the I.D.C. in assisting the various Philippine US FOREST POLICY EXPERT industries and made much emphasis on the stiff CONVOCATION SPEAKER competition that Japan is making with the "Forestry is a vague, mysterious sort of a Philippine products in the world market. prcrfession, so is the misconception of many a * * • people," remarked Dr. Thomas Gill, world fa­ Through the i·equest of Dean Zamuco from mous forest policy expert and executive direc­ the Director, the chiefs of the different divisions tor of the Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry foun­ as well as some other keymen of the Bureau of dation in a convocation held at the College of Forestry were invited to talk about the func­ Forestry auditorium on January 22, 1959. Dr. tions, activities and problems of their respec­ Gill was invited by the ICA at the request of tive divisions. the NEC and the Bureau of Forestry to come For. Carlos Sulit and For. Braulio Cristobal, to the Philippines to see the prevailing forestry chiefs of the Administrative Services Division conditions in the country. He will see the va­ and Domain Use Division, respectively, were rious forest areas in the Philippines to observe the main speakers last Feb. 13. For. Sulit aside forest utiliz4tion, adm;nistration and conserva­ from talking on the main subject, said that the tion. opportunity of graduates in the Bureau is very After being introdur.ed by Dean G. Zamuco, slim and advised them to join private compa­ the lanky American Forester began with the nies instead. He also gave important pointers history of forestry, mentioning among others in taking civil service examinations. the pioneer countries that blazed the trail in For. Cristobal also emphasized on the diffe­ the utilization of forests for the use of man­ rent criteria in the classification of lands and kind. presented the updated data of the soil cover "But now," he said, "forestry is a wide­ of the Philippines as well as the accomplish­ spread profession ranking among other jmpor­ ment of land classification work. tant careers in the field cTf professions." He Last Feb. 17, For. Martin R. Reyes, repre­ also explained the glamour and wide opportuni­ senting the .Forest Management Division and ties the profession offers and the comradeship ane of those responsible for the Selective Log­ that one gets with those who share l\ common ging Method, spoke on the objectives of forest interest in forestry. Commenting on the condi­ management. He also mentioned the different tions of forest education in our country, he re­ logging procedures especially the new method cTf marked, "what the country needs now is a com­ marking trees that are to be left. petent training to continue on its forest pro­ The last seminar was held Feb. 20 with For. gram." Gregorio Poblacion, For. Severino Nablo, For. Dr. Thomas Gill is a Yale graduate, found­ Porfirio San Buenaventura, and For. Florencio er and president of the Society of Tropical For­ Asiddao, chiefs of the Sawmills and Licenses esters. Division, Forest Land Uses Division, Reclama­ An open forum was held after his speech, tion and Reforestation Division, and Forest Re­ wherein the audience, mostly faculty members search Division, respectively, as main speakers. and students of the College of Forestry and some For. Poblacion mentioned the differences of personnel of the Forest Products Research In­ the grading rules as well as the income that the stitute asked him some questions about forestry. Division of Sawmills and Licenses gets a year. The special convocation, emceed by Secretary "Forest Protection is the 'sublime-paralytic' Recto, ended with the UPCF song. of the Division of Forest Land Uses," said For. E.G. Dizon

Page 76 FORESTRY LEAVES --B. F. Notes

RESUME OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF ation. This alone is an indisputable proof of THE BUREAU OF FORESTRY, DANR FOR the falsity of the belief. However, forests THE FISCAL YEAR 1957-1958. are replaceable if properly managed. During the fiscal year, more public atten­ The lumber industry and other enterprises tion was focused on our public forests. This which use wood as raw materials rely on the was brought about mainly by the destructivr largeness of the forests. The stability of their floods that swept several sections of the coun­ operations provide them the necessary raw ma­ try. The occurrence of floods was blamed on terials. These industries are big sources of re­ deforestation. More or less, the situation that venue both in peso and dollar, aside from af­ prevailed was not contributory to the cause of fording thousands of people with gainful em­ forest conservation. It was more CJf fault find­ ployment opportunities. ing than extending the necessary cooperation to Comparatively speaking, the intangible be­ the Bureau of Forestry. Congress, however, nefits derived from our forests out-weigh the manifested interest in forest conservation by tangible benefits. The good effect of forests on providing and promising additional appropria­ agriculture, cPmate, wildlife, watersheds, land­ tions and constructive legislation. scape and health is beyond estimation. If only Be that as it may, the Bureau of Forestry, for this alone, our remaining forests must be e.xerted efforts to make our remaining public properly conserved and wisely used. This is forests perpetually productive despite limited a joint task of the Bm·eau of Forestry and appropriations and personnel. While the Bureau the public. is the custodian of the country's forest wealth, STATUS OF SOIL COVER: the cooperation of the general public is needed. The Philippines has a total land area of The Bureau alone can not fully guard all the 29,740,972 hectares. The soil cover is made forests throughout the Islands. Since the pub­ up of the following (as of June 30, 1957): lic forests are maintained for the benefit of Commercial Forests, 9,328,688 hectares (31.- the people, it is also our common responsibility, 37%); Non-Commercial Forests, 3,842,237 hec­ especially those living in the places where there tares (12.92%); Brushland, 2,077,187 hectares are forests, to see to it that this natural wealth ( 6.99%) ; Openland, 3,402,827 hectares ( 11.- is not subjected to wasteful exploitation. 44%); Marsh or Swamp, 716,265 hectares (2.- A great portion of the public does not 40%); and Cultivated, 10,373,168 hectares (34.- seem to realize the value of forests in the 88%). national economy. lt is said that agriculture As of June 30, 1958, the area CJf public land is the backbone of the nation. This is true. already classified comprised 15,090,080 hectares, But it should also be borne in mind that agri­ CJf which 3,459,473 hectares were established as culture is dependent on the forests. Soil erosion permanent forest lands and 11,630,607 hectares - the nemesis of agriculture - is induced by were delimited as alienable and disposable lands. the absence of forest vegetation. Erosion robs Of the total land area, 14,650,892 hectares re­ the land of its fertility. There can be, there­ mained to be classified. fore, productive agriculture only if there are Our forests have an estimated standing timber forests. of 977,807,006 cubic meters or about 414,590,170,- The belief that forest resources are inex­ 544 board feet. The estimate does not include the haustible has already been debunked not only volume af the young growing timber and the by the testimonies of experts but also by value of the intangible benefits of the forests. naked facts which unfold themselves before the Of this amount of timber, about 404,071, 785 cu­ eyes of one who travels around the country. bic meters are found in Luzon, 44,288,077,512 There are a number of provinces which are cubic meters in the Visayas, and 198,975,656,192 already feeling the adverse effects of defor~st- cubic meters in Mindanao.

Movi•9-Up Day Issue, Morch, 1959 , ... 77 It might be worthy to cite here a portion of classified. Of these 9,031,727 hectares had been the evaluation report submitted by former Sec­ proposed as permanent forest land and 5,619,- retary Salvador Araneta to the late President 165 hectares for alienation. Magsaysay in 1955. According to the report, Forest Management. -The placing of com­ the forest resources of the country have an mercial forests under scientific forest manage­ estimated actual value of P27,860,611,000.00, ment program is a very important conservation or four_ times more than the combined value measure. The full-dress implementation of se­ of all other natural resources, and an estimatetf lective logging under management plan for sus­ potential value of P49,496,171,000.00. tained yield in all license areas has been start­ ORGANIZATION: ed. The plan was and stiil is to put all log­ The Bureau of Forestry is under the Depart­ ging operations in permanent forest lands un­ ment of Agriculture and Natural Resources. der the system. At first the operators were not As reorganized (Reorganization Plan No. 30-A, receptive to the program; however, through per­ approved by the President under Executive Or­ sistent efforts of the Bureau, they started to der No. 216, dated November 17, 1956), the Bu­ realize that it would be for the best interest of reau has seven functional divisions, namely: their business if they observed the selective log­ (1) Administrative Services; (2) Forest Man­ ging system in their operations. agement; (3) Reforestation and Reclama­ Selective logging is the most practical and tion; (4) Forest Land Uses; (5) Sawmills cheapest means of restocking logged-over areas. and Licenses; (6) Domain UsP.s; and (7) For­ It consists in the removal of mature timber, est Research. usually the oldest or la~·gest trees, either as For better coverage, the Philippines is di­ single scattered trees or in small groups at vided into 47 forest districts each under a dis­ intervals of time, usually five to thh ty years. trict forester. Aside from the 47 forest dis­ By this method, invasion af second growth spe­ trict headquarters, there were 80 forest stations, cies is prevented, natural regeneration is en­ 20 scaling stations, 73 reforestation projects, 14 couraged and trees of variou3 size classes main­ provincial nurseries and one (1) city forest nur­ tained. Greater emphasis is now given on the sery. leaving of as many sound immature trees as PLANNING AND OBJECTIVES: possible and on the care and protection of the Land Classification. - The Bureau under­ remaining growing trees. takes the classification, delimitation and de­ Timber inventory is a necessary tool of tim­ marcation of the public domain in order to de­ ber management plans, The plans under this termine its permanent use - whether for for­ project was to gather data on the growing stock estry or for agriculture and other similar pur­ in license areas where timber management plans poses. The primary aim is to zonify the land would be prepared. The data are of vital import­ area of the Philippines into their various es­ ance in the implementation of sustained yield sential economic uses. In the prosecution of management in all logable areas and in plann­ this project, the well-being of the present and ing for more intensive economic development. future generations is always taken into con­ Reforestation. - T-his is an artificial pr0- sideration over and above all other factors. cess af reforestation as distinguished from the It was and is still the plan of the Bureau to selective logging system which is a natural -pro­ release as fast as possible and practicable cess. If the area is already denuded of forest all areas suitable for agricultural purposes so cover, the only way to reclaim it is by artificial that they can be disposed of by the Bureau of reforestation. The process is expensive and Lands in accordance with the Public Land Act. time-consuming, but the science of forestry en­ On the other hand, areas found to be profitable compasses not only the present but also the fu­ for forestry purposes will be established as per­ ture generations. manent timberlands. The Bureau had proposed The plan of work in refo•·estation and re­ legislation that would assure for our establish­ clamation included the restoration of forest ed forest lands a permanency of status. Forest cover in projects already existing at the head­ areas, once declared as such, should not be releas­ waters of hydro-electric dams, irrigation sys­ ed, except in emergency cases and only upon ap­ tems, national parks and logged-over areas. proval by Congress. The proposed bill has not Areas where flood and soil erosion are common yet been enacted into law. will also be reforested if facilities become avail­ The Bureau was committed to classify no able. less than 1,200,000 hectares every year subject Forest Research. - With the encouragement to the availability of funds. As af June 30, and support of the administration, forest re­ 1958, there were 14,650,892 hectares still un- search along with other fields, was expected to

Page 78 FORESTRY LEAVES gain considerable headway. Forest research is cunsidering forestry needs, are intended to mostly a long-range program which requL es boost fish production. constant experimentation, field work and fol­ The Bureau issues two kinds of commercial low-up. Priority was given to the establish­ forest licenses: ( 1) the ordinary timber license ment of sample plots in cut-over areas for which is good for a period of one year and re­ growth and yield studies. The dat_a are basic­ newable annually; and ( 2) the long term li­ ally essential in the preparation of management cense which is good for a period of not more plans designed to enhance forest values and than twenty years and renewable for another attain a high degree of perpetual forest pro­ period of twenty years. Cutting regulations ductivity. to check indiscriminate logging are promul­ Our forest research program has also for gated from time to time. It was planned to its objective the replenishment of basic facts on place all logging operations under supervision the various phases of forestry. There is a lack and to hold seminars and in-service training of knowledge on our forest soils, the physiolo­ courses on the effective implementation of the gical processes involved in the flowering and selective logging method. fruiting of our forest trees, the seeding habits Licenses and permits to cut, collect and re­ as well as other pheno!ogical information about move minor forest products are also issued after our important commercial tree species, syste­ a thorough screening of the applications. Most matic and biologic dendrology, plant anatomy of the minor products in public forests arc and pysiology, mycology, forest geography and good sources of raw materials for many of our biological characteristics of species, forest eco­ profitable household industries, like fu. niture logy, soil physics, soil chemistry, meteorology making, wood carving, "bakya" and basket mak­ and climatology. ing, bamboo and sawali and others. Forest Utilization. - In the exploitation of Forest Protection. - Fire, illegal kaingin ·public forests by qualified persons, the Bureau And squatting besides careless logging are thret: sees to it that waste and damage resulting from most destructive agents of forests destruction. the operations are minimized. Terms and con­ The awakening of the people towards the im­ ditions are imposed from time to time upon portance of forests has become an important ob­ licensees and permitees so that our forest re­ jective of the Bureau of Forestry. This calls for sou:-ces are not wantonly or uselessly exploited a sustaining information campaign. The plan in total disregard of future harvests and of the which could not be realized for lack of funds general well-being of the poople. Violation of was to send information teams to critical areas forest laws, rules and regulations and non-com­ and to print educational materials for distribu­ pliance with the terms and conditions in li­ tion to the public. censes and permits are grounds for revocation The Bureau had been seeking from time to or cancellation without prejudice to civil crimi­ time the assistance of the Philippine Consta­ nal liabilities of the offenders. bulary and the local law e.rrforcement agencies As planned, step was already taken to elim­ in its anti-kaifigin campaign. Other projects inate red tape in the processing of applica­ included in the forest protection program werP. tions and reports and in the issuance of licen­ the establishment of forest blocks to accom­ ses, permits and leases. To this end, forms modate squatters and the organization of patrol were simplified and decentralization effected, teams and establishment of look-out stations in authorizing, in some limited extent, the Dis­ areas where forest fire was rampant. trict Foresters to handle the issuance of special OPERATIONS: use pe1mits. Land Classification. - The land classifica­ To provide bonafide citizens steady means tion work had been carried on by forty nine of livelihood and further improve the economic (49) field teams, each composed of three men and social conditions of the people, permits and each. The teams were assigned as follows : leases are g;·anted for the special uses of public twenty-two (22) in Mindanao, sixteen ( 16) in forest lands available for disposition or use un­ Luzon, two (2) in Samar, two (2) in Mindoro, der Section 1838 of the Revised Administrative two (2) in Palawan, and one (1) each in Cebu, Code. Pasture permits are designed to encour­ Iloilo, Negros, Leyte and Bohol. Forest officers age the livestock industry. Tree farm permits stationed in forest district offices also under­ are an incentive for private initiative and ca­ took land classification work of individual or pital to help the government put idle and de­ isolated cases. nuded lands into some use with fi uit trees and Priority was given to areas within the Min­ other trees of economic value: Releases of man­ danao Road Development, areas traversed by grove swamps for fishpond purposes, after the national highways. provincial and feeder

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 79 roads, and to tract of lands in demand for im­ graders of the Bureau were told to do their mediate settlement, including those ncdded by work right in the cutting areas. Sawmills were the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement periodically inspected to check on their activities. Administration (NARRA). The average cost Implemented was Republic Act No. 1239 re­ per hectare in the land classification work was quiring all agents, cont:·actors and dealers in Pl,214. logs, lumber and commercial piles to register Forest Management. -To speed up the full in the Bureau. implementation of selective logging program, Forest Protection. - The information cam­ continued were the organization of forestry paign was carried on through the fieldmcn, crews of licensee~, the accelaration of the train­ press, radio, meeting and other printed me-· ing of timber management assistants, the train­ dia. Our district foresters and their person­ ing of forest officers and men of the licensees nel took every opportunity to inform the people on the various aspects of fo·:est management, of the importance of our forest resou1·ces and and the development of a standard guide for the the evil effects of forest destruction. They application of acceptable practice of the system. participated in provincial and municipal fair~ The timber invento;·y work was undertaken and carnivals, conventions and civic parades. by six (6) field teams, distributed as follows: A.CCOMPLISHMENTS: two (2) in Agusan, two (2) in Davao, one (1) Land Classification. - Classified during the in Sudgao, and one (1) in Zamboanga. The fiscal year was an aggregate area of 1,008,909 method used was ground survey, a slow and hectares covered by 298 land classification pro­ expensive process as compared to aerial survey. jects, of which 259,20 i hectares were delim5ted It would take more than sixty years to complete alienable or disposable and 749,705 hectares as the invento;:y of all forest areas in the coun­ timberlands. Including the 328 projects pending try. certification at the end of the fiscal year 1956- Reforestati

Page 80 FORESTRY LEAVES applications of logging techniques and checking Silvics and Silviculture by residual inventories were secured in logged­ There were established 39 sample plots for over areas. There were 6,160 hectares with growth and yield studies during the peri<>d, 116,931 trees marked in 713 settings. For residual bringing the total to 301. The number of re­ inventory, 3,187 hectares with 63,268 trees were measurements made of the established sample inventoried in 388 settings. In poorly stocked plots was now 358. Analyzed were 73 sample logged-over areas, 562 were improved by sup­ plots and completed were seven (7) studies. plemental planting and girdling of big defective Started were 29 studies, aside from the 44 which trees. The timber inventory teams inventoried are stlll in progress. 286,025 hectares of forested areas, of which Forest Pests and Diseases 3,353.05 hectares had been actually valuated. There was no serious outbreak of pests and Within the area inventoried, 3,334 reproduction diseases in the forest nurseries and planta­ plots were taken ranging in sizes from 8 to 10 tions and in the natural forests. The localized meters radius. infestations of some pests caused only slight There were 96 forest reserves with a total damages in a few forest plantations. Jf ive spe­ area of 1,185,404.4456 hectares; 2,137 parcels of cies of beetles were collected in Malaybalay, communal forests with an aggregate area of Bukidnon, for identification. 258,926,505 hectares; and 100 parcels of com­ munal pastures with an aggregate area of 19,- Forest Grazing 182.15 hectares. Five ( 5) grazing sample plots were establish­ Reforestation..- Out of 5,073,300 hectares c1f ed and the preliminary observations on ba<·k­ open grass lands, 2,434,484 hectares were in­ yard deer raising were completed. CollectP.d tensively studied, of which 1,381,695 hectares were seeds of Clitoria ternatea for distribu­ including areas in previous years needed im­ tion to the experiment stations and Centrosema mediate planting. Conducted were 31 planting seeds for experimental planting. Introduced surveys containing an area of 402,692 hectares were exotic and endemic grasses in the graze­ of which 279,599 hectares should be planted. tum of Magat Forest Experiment Station. Col­ The different projects had a total of 34,017.22 lected and identified were 10 forage specime11s, hectares of plantations with about 22,000,000 4 exotic and 4 endemic grasses, one exotic and trees more than a year old and above of dif­ one native legume. ferent species, height and diameter class. Newly Forest Influences planted to seedlings and directly seeded were Trial planting of grasses and shrubs and 9,400.20 hectares, and replanted 1,655 hectares. legumes to find out their relative merits for The area of the nurseries was 294 hectares, soil builc:ling and erosion control was done of which 214 hectares were for seed beds, 22 in the premises of the five experiment stations. hectares for transplant beds, 17 hectares for Forest Utilization. -The people became in­ paths and rides, 10 hectares for lawn and or­ terested in the exploitation of the public forests. namental purposes, and the rest for future ex­ The once timid Filipino capital came out to pansion. Handled were 226,427.05 liters of seeds, invest in various industries which are depend­ of which 84,698.51 liters were sown in the nur­ ent on the public forests for their raw mater­ sery, 48,715.77 liters directly broadcasted in the ials. In previous years, applications for li­ plantation, 29,819.30 liters given free to the censes and permits were received by the Bureau public, 3,821.0 sold, 19,529.04 condemned, and in greater number. However, this year, the the rest left in stock. There were handled 22,- clamor for concession rights somewhat abated 594,918 seedlings, of which 4,573,809 were set because there were practically no more easily out in the plantations. accessible vacant areas available for exploita- The Cinchona Plantation had a planted area tion. of 644.92 hectares, of which 366.04 hectares Concessions were planted to cinchona species, 77.26 hec­ There were handled 1,722 applications for tares to timber species, and 23.61 hectares to ordinary timber licenses, of which 736 were abaca. There were 935,283 cinchona species acted upon and approved. At the end of the in the plantation and 104,634 reforestation trees. period, there were in force 1,643 ordinary tim­ Harvested were 2,122 kilos of fresh barks. ber licenses covering a total area of 3,882,563 Forest Research. - Studies and investiga­ hectares with a total allowable cut of 6,151,068 tions were conducted along four ( 4) major cubic meters and a total capital investment projects, namely: (1) Silvics and Silviculture; of P41,420,323.26. (2) Forest Grazing; (3) Forest Pests and Dis­ Issued were 148 private gratuitous timber eases; and (4) Forest Influences. licenses with a total of 5,646 cubic meters

Moving-Up Day l11ue, March, 1959 Page 81 to the Bureau of Fisheries were 431 applications aggregate daily capacity of 3,381,000 board feet granted; 11 public gratuitous timber licenses and a capital investment of P54,660,lll.OO. Of with a total volume of 27,330 cubic meters of these, 193 were with timber concession with a timber granted; and 18 miner's gratuitous li­ capital investment of P34,790,771.00, and 175 censes with a total volume of 3,051 cub'.c meters were without timber concession with a capital granted. investment of P19,869,340.00. The Filipinos The number of license agreements in fo:·ce owned 34.50 per cent of the toLal capital invest­ was 27 embracing a total area of 1,119,017 hec­ ment. tares with a total allowable cut of 2,468,215 cu­ Plywood and Veneer Mills. - Capitalized bic meters of timber. approximately at P45,000,000.00, the 14 plywood Special Uses mills and 4 veneer mills employed about 10,000 Handled were 62,685 applications for special men. There were five ( 5) more plywood and use permits involving 5,843,985 hectares. Of veneer mills in the process of formation. The these, 7,491 were received during the period un­ 14 plywood mills had a total daily capacity of der review covering a total area of 1,402,568 709,000 square feet and the 4 veneer mills, 250,- hectares. Permits in force were 8,925 with a to­ 000 square feet. tal area of 597,352 hectares. Pending renewal Production. - Lumber production was 499,- were 6,977 permits of 410,320 hectares. Of the 258,498 board feet valued at P89,866,530.00 based permits in force, 1,404 were issued this year on P180.00 as the average value per thousand with an area of 179,268 hectares. The top four board feet; plywood, 137,849,431 square feet; special use permits were residence, pasture, ni­ veneer, 244,643,820 square feet; and logs, 2,047,- pa-bacauan plantation and tree farm. Certified 115,099 board feet valued approximately at to the Bureau of Fisheries were 431 applicat!ons Pl63,769,208.00 based on P80.00 as the average for fishpond permits involving a total area of value per thousand board feet. 8,350 hectares. Export. - Plywood export was 29,474,019 Minor Forest Products square feet valued at P3,846,849.51; veneer, There were handled 2,213 applications for 53,332,314 square feet valued at P2,083,270.06; minor products licenses, 2,033 of which were re­ Logs, 890,676,065 board feet valued at P80,891,- ceived during the period. Approved were 145.26; and lumber, 61,616,761 board feet valued 1,734 applications and disapproved were 138, at P13,957,102.74. and the rest were left pending action. Cancelled Import. - Logs imported from the United were 24 licenses. The total number of minor States, 13,656 board feet valued at P12,296.00 products licenses in force was 1,710 covering (used by the US Army); lumber also from the a total area of 1,183.156 hectares with a capital United States, 636 board feet valued at P38.00; investment of Pl,411,906. The first five prov­ and plywood and veneer also from the US, inces having the most minor products licenses 87,600 board feet valued at P13,404.00. were Quezon with 233, Palawan with 114, Ca­ Consumption. - Timber or log consump­ marines Norte with 88, Davao with 86 and Sa­ tion (used either in their natural form, piles, mar with 85. The first five minor products for or manufactured into lumber, plywood or ve­ which most licenses were issued were: (1) neer), 1,094,822,273 board feet; and lumber, rattan; (2) firewood; (3) almaciga resin; (4) 462,641,737 board feet. nipa shingles; and (5) charcoal. Trend of Domestic and Foreign Markets.~ Issued were 5 personal gratuitous protected Demand for logs in the Japanese market in­ plants licenses and 1,108 permits to transport creased as compared with the previous year. protected wild plants. Demand for sawn lumber in the United States The Lumber Industry was also in the upward trend, but local produ­ Despite the instability of foreign markets, cers could not fully supply the quality desired. the lumber industry was active during this Prices of timber ranged from P20.00 to P30.00 period. Logs and lumber exports increased as per cubic meter while lumber prices remained compared with those of the previous year. The steady. Bureau of Census and Statistics ranked lum­ Scaling. - Timber scaling for collection of ber and logs as fourth in the list of leading forest and reforestation fund charges is the export items. Approximately 75,000 men were biggest source of revenue of the Bureau. There actually employed in the lumber industry. In­ were 4,828,101.65 cubic meters of timber cut cluding dependents, about 375,000 persons de­ and manifested during the year with forest ·pended upon the industry for their livelihood. charges of P5,072,595.20 and reforestation fund Sawmills. - There were 368 sawmills with an charges of Pl,859,725.87.

Page 82 FORESTRY LEAVES Lumbering G'T'ading and Inspection - Inspect­ Recommemlations: ed and graded were 952,292,826 board feet of 1. Legislation providing permanency of sta­ logs and lumber valued at P94,848,252.00. Col­ tus for declared forest lands. lected was P2,856,879.00 as inspection fees. 2. Legislation providing more teeth for our FOREST PROTECTION. - The extent of forest laws. forest (under sector-area protection) intensively 3. Additional funds, especially for traveling protected was 804,000.00 hectares; and nominal­ expenses, and acquisition of facilities like ve­ ly protected, 14,365,689.00 hectares. hicles, filing cabinets, typewriters, scale sticks, Detected were 2,965 illegal kaiiigin cases in­ marking hatchets, etc., to carry on forest admi­ volving a total area of 3,685.01 hectares and 152 nistration and protection work more extensive­ cases of forest fires covering an area of ly, research, implementation of selective logging, 15,248.55 hectares. To accommodate squatters timber inventory, scaling and reforestation. and tree farm permit applicants, 31 forest 4. Amendments to W APCO position classifi­ blocks of 3,553.55 hectares were established. cations and pay. Handled were 1,990 General Land RPgistration 5. Establishment of bunk houses for fieldmen cases involving 4,010 parcels with an aggregate assigned in isolated places. area of 296,4 78. 7271 hectares. There were in 6. Sendiug of promising technical personnel force 505 Private Woodland Registration certi­ abroad for specialization on the various impor­ ficates of 556 parcels covering an aggregate tant aspects of forestry work. area of 28,244.9453 hectares. 7. Creation of a forestry legal dh-ision. Financial Statements: 8. Training of more lumber graders and in­ spectors. The appropriation for the fiscal year was 9. Appointment of at least 50 more scalers P6,763,150.00, itemized as follows: General to help implement collection of more forest Fund, P4,087,760; Reforestation Fund, P2,112,- charges on logs and timber cut and manifested. 250; Cinchona Plantation Revolving Fund, P63,140.00; and Bond Fund (R.A. 1305), • • • Forest Policy Consultant Dr. Tom Gill ac­ P500,000.00. The sums of P131,851.00 and companied by Forestry Adviser Zenngraff. vi­ P78,270.00 under the General Fund were trans­ sited Negros Occidental for the last two days ferred to the Office of the President and the (January 30 and 31, 1959) to observe the actual Social Welfare Administration, respectively. The forest conditions existing in the province. Their Bond Fund (R.A. 1305) was reduced to tour of the Island included a meeting held at P375,000. So actually, the regular appropria­ the. Office of the District Forester, Bacolod City, tion of the Bureau was P6,428.029. Republic which was attended by Asst. Governor Narciso Act 1800 appropriated Pl0,300,000 as loan and Jocson, Provincial Agriculturist Olyrnpio Fon­ bond issues for reforestation. The cash alloca­ tanilla and a group of forest officers headed tion under the said loan and bond issues was by District Forester Vicente G. Gobuyan. reduced to P620,000.00. All in all, the appro­ In priation reached P7,048,029. a talk given by Dr. Gill, he expressed misuse of forest lands, inroad of forest destruc­ The amount expended was P6,620,419.61, tion and illegal occupation of forest lands. He itemized as follows: General Fund, P3,776,- advanced the idea of passing a law that will 233.87; Reforestation Fund, Pl,900,076.66; Bond put to an end the too much unnecessary re­ Fund (RA 1305), 307,619.28; and Loan and leases of forest areas, most especially in this Bond Issues (RA 1800), P619,950.93. province. The law, acc<;>rding to him, will autho­ The amount of P427,609.39, balance from the rize the Bureau of Forestry to delimit perma­ actual appropriation, was unexpended. nent forest lands and free from entry by any The total income actually collected by the individual. He lamented the fact that our for­ Bureau was P5,842,606.03, itemized as follows: est resources are nearing exhaust.ion on account General Fund, P3,898,066.14; Reforestation Fund, of subsequent releases of forest lands for agri­ Pl,942,763.53; Cinchona, P362.04; Bond Fund cultural purposes coupled by the ever increas­ ing s~uatters problem. He believes, however, (RA 1305), Pl,308.39; and Loans and Bond Is­ that if and when the law which he proposes sues, Pl05.93. Including the P5,383,416.47 for­ will be fully implemented by Congress, we could est charges actually collected by the Bureau of be rest assured of a continuous benefits derived Internal Revenue, the grand total income was from our forest resources. Pll,226,022.50. Dr. Gill is the Executive Director of the Income exceeded appropriation by P4,177,993.- Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation, Washington, 50, expenditures by P4,605,602.89. D.C.

Movin9-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Pa9e 83 WHEN THE FORESTS .•• realize the importance of forestry men. (Continued from page 70) Now the forester instead of fighting an up­ If such a time would come, then the peo­ hill but losing battle, will be everybody's ple would ask: "What shall we do?" The friend for the country's salvation lies in people will begin to look for the answer. his hands. They will finally realize the value of As "it is better late than never," we "reforestation," "conservation," and "selec­ must now understand the urgency of using tive logging." What is important would our forests wisely for as one forester aptly be the fact that then the people would said it, "it may be later than we think." TILL WE MEET AGAIN The empty halls once echoed our steps Along the corridors, our laujhter in class and the rise and fall of voices from the rooms and the electric bell ringing and the chatter and the hi's as we met on the steps . .. The empty hails are silent now and sad for the voices are no longer heard, and the chatter, gay laughter and staccato steps gone, too, like dreams of yesterday . ... But nothing can blot them from our memory Our happy careless years together when life was one happy dream after another, when to-day counted most, and to-morrow just another day to come and lectures are meant for notebooks, books to gather dust in the library, and test things to be taken for granted . ... to pass or not to pass. . . did not worry us a whit . .. for schooIIife was sweet, and to be young was to be alive and to be alive with somebody to love, was heaven enough . .... Moving up day wiII come soon And we must bid t,oodbye for we know not where Fate wiII take us tomorrow, like seeds borne aloft, to be scattered Never to meet again, and our fate will be like that of seeds; some will fall on good ground, some on rocks, some among weeds, some to be picked by birds. . . . . and like seeds we know not our fate and destiny But someday God like a nurseryman will pick us up like grown seedlings and take us to Life's nursery and there again we know not whether we shall grow into giants reaching out for the sky, or for lack of care or water or rain, we'll die, Or towering above the rest which envy us, a wild wind wilI tear at our heads, rock us, tiII we tremble and totter, and with a resounding crash fall to the ground . .... But why think of these things? Why think of the future when we can seek refuge in the happy past? Why think of good byes, when it is sweeter to say Ti11 we meet again? -B. Giron

Page 84 FORESTRY LEAVES • •

'LAWANIT' GIVEN 'PRODUCT OF YEAR' der letter press, and then very fortuitously he AW ARD; CITED AS Pl'S. VITAL went for lunch. Apparently the lunch was more FOREST PRODUCT extended than usual and when he came back By CARLOS P. FERNANDEZ and removed the material from the letter press, Executive Vice-President, he was, to his amazement, looking at the first Nasipit Lumber Co., Inc. hardboard. I should like to explain in this article the Mr. Mason being of an intensively creative details of a new industrial plant which after imagination, he pushed his process to perfection 32 months of careful and painstaking construc­ and made his trade mark "Masonite"· known tion, we have recently placed in commercial all over the world. operation. DEVELOPMENT The plant is located in Nasipit, Agusan, A few years after Mason's great discovery, side by side with our sawmill built several actually in 1932, a Swedish engineer, Mr. Arne years ago. The aim of the plant is to convert Asplund, who had worked under Mr. Mason, the residual material left over from the saw­ conceived of a variation in the process of pulp­ mill operation into a building board panel of ing and developed a machine known as the De­ great utility. (Detailed information on the pro­ fibrator. From then on the hardboard industry cess is contained in the brochure we have pre­ m the United States under the "Masonite" tl'ade pared for distribution.) But in broad terms, mark and the hardboard industry in Sweden the process consists in reducing the residual using the Asplund Defibrator grew by leaps and material into uniform size chips, converting the bounds, and now hardboard is considered as one chips into ground pulp through the combined of the major building materials entering world application of steam and attrition, forming the trade. pulp into a continuous wet mat and finally Hardboard has a very widespread utility, pressing the mat in a high pressure, hydraulic actually, it is said, it has 328 different uses. press. The plant at Nasipit is the first plant of its The end product is an article which has been kind in the Philippines. In Japan, about three known in the Philippines even before the war years ago, the Mitsui Company put up a small by the trade mark of "Masonite." The inter­ plant, about one-fourth of the capacity of the national name of this product is "Hardboard," Nasipit plant, and using a less economic type but in the Philippines the trade mark "Maso­ of processing. In a few months they will inau­ nite" is better known. gurate a new hardboard plant in Nagoya, prac­ * * * tically a sister plant of the one in Nasipit, DISCOVERY using exactly the same machinery and designed The story of this process as originally de­ by the same engineers in Stockholm. veloped by Mr. William Mason dates way back Aside from these two plants, the nearest to 1926. There is a bit of romance attached hardboard plants are the ones in Tasmania and to this story because it is told that the process Auckland, New Zealand. We are, therefore, was discovered through a mistake. In my last completely justified in claiming that the plant trip to the United States, I had the privilege at Nasipit is the first one of its kind and di­ of meeting two persons who personally knew mension in the Far East. Mr. William Mason and who were present at * * * Laurel, Mississippi, when this fabulous mistake ECONOMIC VALUES took place. This new plant, I believe will make a dis­ The way the story was told to me was as tinct contribution to the industrial progress of follows: Mr. William Mason was employed in a our country. I say so because I believe that it lumber company in Mississippi and he was par­ is not just a new plant, but a new plant with ticularly interested in developing a process to a new concept. extract turpentine from residual wood material. In the first place, it is unique in that its His area of operation was a small inconspi­ raw material is actually of zero value. As a cuous place by the boiler room. It is said that matter of fact, it might even be said that the one day he had some material he was experi­ raw material has a negative value in that it menting with, and he tried to compress it un- costs money to burn and destroy it. Out of this

Movin9-Up Doy l11ue, Morch, 1959 Page BS valueless material and using a very modest in our country's standard of living lies in em­ quantity of additives - it is estimated at P0.11 ploying more systems of production.-Manila worth of chemicals per sheet of 4' x 18', 1/8" Chronicle. thick - a very durable and useful building ma­ * * * terial is obtained. MA:&ALAC BACKS LUMBER BARTER Obviously, the efficiency of the sawmill plant Unless it is certain that the 147 barter ap­ is increased tremendously - it is estimated that plications filed before the ban and unacted upon normally out of a Philippine log the ratio of by No Dollar Import Office were antedated, these utilization is seldom higher than 42 per cent applications should be given due course, Gau­ meaning 58 per cent is waste. By making use dencio S. Maiialac, a Davao City lumberman, of this large quantity of waste material, the said yesterday. Philippine lumber industry might achieve the On this basis, local businessmen entered in­ degree of efficiency necessary to compete effec­ to contracts with their counterparts abroad so tively with the woodworking plants abroad. much so that even if the foreign buyer did not This new plant, therefore, might furnish the want to buy high grade logs they have been solution to the riddle which has for long baffled practically forced to accept high grade ship­ our authorities cTf our logs to be done in the ments. Philippines rather than having the logs exported Based on statistics, barter permits granted in raw form. by the NDIO amounted to only $120 million or In the second place, this new concept of at an average of about $30 million annually. utilizing wood material is applicable to the A great percentage of the collateral imports enormous amount of vegetable material left in were essential commodities needed in industry, our forests, unutilized because it is considered Maiialac said. non-merchantable. When this large amount of Maiialac pointed out, barter could not have forest material is given value through the es­ drained our foreign exchange reserves by $80 tablishment of proper conversion plants the million annually. value cTf our forests will increase many fold. 1. It gives a premium to inefficiency because That change might be the key to the effec­ only low grade products can be bartered; tive conservation of our forest lands and will 2. It abets unemployment because instead of prevent their denuding - a measure considered improving production by introducing more pro­ by everybody of the utmost importance and yet cesses for improving the grades and employing hardly ever put into effect. more men in the process, producers become con­ Thirdly, viewed from a larger aspect, this tented with low grade, they make the profit on new plant is a distinct contribution in that the the collateral imports; wealth it creates is not obtained through more 3. It is open to fraud because high grade extensive use of our resources. Rather, it is products ~Y even be shipped for low grades achieved through a higher and more intensive just to take advantage of a barter; utilization of our raw materials. I believe this 4. It does not help boost our dollar reserves is most important because in the Philippines we because of low export prices of low grade goods; might say that we have no irontiers left; all and the good lands have been practically occupied, 5. It may retard industrialization since col­ and our only hope is through wiser exploitation lateral imports give more profit to traders than of our resources. Perhaps we might truly say to those who really process these goods into fi­ that at this juncture in the development of our nished products.-Manila Times, February 2, country, wastefulness is a national crime. 1959. Lastly, this new plant is a contribution in * * * that it involves an unusually large amount of WORLD BOY SCOUTS JAMBOREE SET IN precise scientific work, it requires engineers and JULY AT MAKILING NATIONAL PARK technologists in much larger proportion than are 12,000 youths to coni•erge on Plopes of legend­ required in the usual woodworking plants. For rich mountain in Laguna; 111.ammoth cam­ this reason, we have established alongside the poral first to be held in Far East • . . factory a fully equipped laboratory to keep ri­ th-e next will come around in 100 years gorous control on the quality of our product and By JESUS S. MALLARI also-undoubtedly equally as important-to con­ What promises to be the biggest interna­ duct original research to discover new ways of tional event ever to be witnessed in the Philip­ utilizing Philippine materials. Here again, we pines will be held this July when 12,000 over­ might say that the only hope to achieve a last­ seas and Filipino boy scouts and leaders con­ ing improvement in our more scientific methods verge at the Makiling national park in Loa

FORESTRY LEAVES Banos, Laguna, for the 10th World Boy Scouts 1957, during the 16th International Scout Con­ Jamboree. ference at Cambridge, England. From July 17 to 26, about 4,000 youths from At that conference, representatives CTf 69 68 countries will live and play together "\"ith member nations of the boy scouts international 8,000 Filipino boys in a 300-hectare "jambore1 bureau chose the Philippines as site of the next city" carved out of the forested slopes of the jamboree from a number of countries which vied legend-rich Mt. Makiling. for the honor. * * * President Garcia, honorary president of the FIRST JAMBOREE IN FE Boy Scouts of the Philippines, extended the in­ This will be the first time in the 52-year vitation to hold the 10th World Jamboree here. history of the scouting movement that a w<>rld At this writing, 38 countries have already jamboree will be held in this part of the world. made reservations for the attendance CTf some It may take another 100 years before another 4,000 boys and leaders in the coming interna­ one can be held here because there are 69 coun­ tional scout gathering. tries, members of the international boy ;.;co•~t * * * conference, vying for the honor "to play host to BIGGEST DELEGATION FROM US the event every jamboree time. The Umted States will send the biggest de­ World jamborees are held every four yearn. legation composed of no less than 1,000 boys The first world jamboree was held in England and adult leaders. Nationalist China will be in 1920, 13 years after Lord Robert Ballen­ represented by 700 boys and scouters at the Powell had founded the world-wide youth movl:!­ jamboree while Great Britain and Hongkong ment in England. Succeeding world jamborees are expected to send 460 and 400, respectively. were held in the following countries: Denmarlc, Countries definitely sending delegates to the 1924; England, 1929; Hungary, 1933; Holland, jamboree include Japan, Korea, Malaya, Aus­ 1937; France, 1947; Austria, 1951; Ca~ada, tralia, Belgium, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Ca­ 1955; and England, 1957. The last was a spe­ nada, Ceylon, Cuba, India, Denmark, Finland, cial one held to commemorate the centennial France, Greece, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Ku­ of Lord Baden-Powell and the 50th year of the wait, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, New Zealand, scouting movement. North Borneo, Pakistan, Sarawak, Singapore, The regular holding of world jamborees every Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Viet-Nam, four years was interrupted after the 1937 jam­ Mexico and Italy. boree in Holland because of World War II. The At least 35 more national scout associations, first world jamboree held after the last World also members of the boy scout international bu­ War was the one held in Moisson, Fran<::e in reau, are expected to send contingents. 1947. At the helm of the gigantic preparations As an aftermath of World War II, this jam­ being made for the 10th World Jamboree is the boree was called the "Jamboree of Peace." Jamboree Board composed of the nation's lead­ A world jamboree is an international meet­ ing government, business, military, education ing of scouts and scout leaders. In a jamboree, and civic leaders. This board is composed of youths led by adult leaders from as many lands 77 members. as possible are assembled in one locality whe~·e However, the jamboree committee composed they live together, exchange skills, make friends, of a chairman, executive vice-chairman and the swap native products and learn about the chairman of the eight operating committees of others' customs and traditions. the jamboree, is handling the actual work. In it they live the One-World ideal regard­ About P2 million will be spent for the hold­ less of religion, race, creed and social class. ing of the 10th World Jamboree. Half of this The promotion and expansion of universal peace is being raised through a nationwide fund cam­ and brotherhood is the primary aim of a world paign which has already netted some P700,000 jamboree. in cash and in kind. For its part, the Philip­ * * * pine government has chipped in P500,000. The UN IN SHORT PANTS rest of the amount will be raised through fees Members of the "United Nations in short of PBO each to be paid by jamboree partici­ pants," as a famous Hollywood comedian once pants.-January 30, 1959. called the boy scout organization, attending a * * * jamboree tangibly demonstrate what tomorrow's MINDORO LUMBERJACK SHOT, citizens can do in the making of a better world. BY 2 JAPANESE STRAGGLERS The decision to hold the 10th World Jam­ Two Japanese stragglers shot and seriously boree in the Philippines was made in August, wounded a resident of sitio Calingag, barrio

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 87 Tilik, Lubang island last Tuesday afternoon, United States uses some 160,000,000 (M) pounds said a report received here today from Maj. of fibre annually that might be replaced by Ke­ Julian Villena, provincial PC commander. naf. The victim was identified as Julian Marti­ Cassidy said an important consideration in nez, who was with several companions cutting evaluating Kenaf as a replacement for jute logs, was wounded in the right shoulder. He would be "our ability as an industry to main­ was taken to the town by his companions. tain a relatively stable price structure and at The mayor of Lubang wired Malacaiiang this the same time maintain close tolerances on pro­ afternoon for a plane to airlift Martinez to duct specifications. We arc hopeful that har­ Manila. vesting mechanization and seed hybridization Brig. Gen. Isagani V. Campo, PC chief, in­ programs will make significant contributions to­ formed the Japanese embassy office in Manila wards both goals.-Manila Times, Januar'JI 28, on the activities of the Japanese stragglers, who 1959. were identified as 2nd Lt. Onada Miroo of W a­ * * * kayama prefecture and Sgt. Kotsuka Kischichi FREIGHT RATE HIKE FOR of Tokyo. Pl LAUAN EYED Both were the objectives of a mission head­ Bullish trend in the Southeast Asian freight­ ed by Akihisa Kashiwa of the Japanese welfare age market was forecast by shipping circles in ministry, who was purposely sent by the Japan­ Tokyo today. ese government here to contact the holdouts.­ Operators pointed out a 10 per cent hike RCM-Manila Times, January 31, 1959. in freight rates for lauan from the Philippines * * * and iron ore from Malaya since the beginning NEW REGULATIONS ON COPAL of this market represented a forerunner in a EXPORT ARE NOW IN EFFECT general rise in rates in the Southeast Asia. Director Bonifacio Quiaoit of the bureau of The freightage for lauan was recently quot­ commerce today announced that commerce ad­ ed at $15 per 1000 board measure F.O.B., Bu­ ministrative order No. 7-1 amending rules and tuan, Mindanao, for February loading as com­ regulations governing the standardization and pared to $14.50 for January loading and $13.50 inspection of Philippine ~anila copal have been for the latter half of last year. in effect since December 29, 1958. Iron ore from Malaya was quoted at 30 shill­ Date of effectivity of the new commerce or­ ings six pence C.8.F., Yawata, Kyushu as der is its date of publication in the Official against 28 shillings for 1958. Gazette, in accordance with section 551 of the The rates will be raised further to $20 and administrative code. Notification has just been 40 shillings for lauan and iron ore to meet received by the commerce office from the bu­ the increasing operating costs, it was expected. reau of printing that the new standardization Regarding long-distance freightage rates in 3, order on copal has been published in Official 34-), shipping circles were still pessimistic in Gazette Volume 54, No. 38, dated December 29, view of the continuing worldwide slump.-Ma­ 1958, on page 8603. nila Times, January 27, 1959. The new commerce administrative order pro­ * * * vides among others. for eight grades of Philip­ Pl WOOD USEFUL FOR P APERMAKING pine Manila Copa! instead of seven as provid­ A technical article on the papermaking of ed in the original order and also prescribes some 83 species of Philippine wood was pub­ higher inspection fee for the lowest grade to lished recently by T APPi, a monthly publication discourage exportation of this class.-Evening of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Pa­ News, January 9, 1959. per Industry in the United States. This was * * * learned from Director Eugenio de la Cruz of KEN AF MAY REPLACE JUTE the Forest Products Research Institute. Two U.S- businessmen think that kenaf, a Director De la Cruz said the paper which is reedy tropical plant, is well on its way to event­ entitled, Fiber Dime718ions of Certain Philippine ually repJacing jute. Broadleaved and Coniferous Woods, Palms and They said that Kenaf was finding a ready Bamboos, is based on the partial results of a market everywhere for the production of bur­ continuing the FPRI toward finding species pos­ lap bags, carpet-backing, twine, plastic, paper sessing long fibers. production and for automotive padding and up­ Explaining the importance of this project, holstery. the director pointed out that generally long-fi­ J. Clarke Cassidy, Jr., vice president of Pro­ bered wood species are prefera hie for the man­ duct Techniques, Inc., of Hudson, Ohio, said the ufacture of pulp and papel".

Page 88 FORESTRY LEAVES The article carries information on fhe length Dr. Stone, who is a visiting professor of of fibers, cell wall, thickness, width of the lu­ forestry at the U.P. college of forestry, visited men, and other fiber characteristics having the Ambuklao hydroelectric project yesterday something to do with the paper-making proper­ with Dr. C. Eugene Farnsworth, also a visiting ties of wood. professor at the forestry college. Mr. De la Cruz mentioned that most of the He said he was "shocked" to see the great 83 species covered by the article appear very erosion going on in the area, and that he sus­ promising or promising for the manufacture of pected that considerable volume of soil has al­ pulp and paper because they have sufficiently ready been washed down the rivers and on to long fibers and other fiber characteristics suit­ the Ambuklao hydroelectric dam. able for the purpose.-Manila Times, January Stone cited the need for water control pro­ 27, 1959. • • • gram to check on erosion with particular res­ RESEARCH GROUP ON BENGUET PINE pect to the road construction and those of log­ TREES FORMED ging trails in the region. A joint cooperative research project on Ben­ The visiting professor, who was with the guet pine thinning, the first of its kind in the photogrammetry squadron of the Fifth Air Force country, was established here by a team of ex­ during the liberation of the country stated that perts and personnel of the college of forestry, planting of trees alone will not control soil ero­ bureau of forestry and the ICA. sion in that place.-Sunday Times, January 25, The Benguet pine thinning program, which 1959. is calculated to increase the peso-producing ca­ • • • pability of the pine forest, was initiated in the COFFEE PLANT DISEASES NOTED fall of 1957, by the college of forestry and the Four hitherto undescribed fungous diseases bureau of forestry. attacking coffee plants in the Philippines have The American experts are now in this city been observed by plant pathologists C?f the UP to help lay out the Benguet pine thinning study. college of agriculture at Los Banos. They are: Dr. C. Eugene Farnsworth, visiting The diseases-twig girdle and berry rot, professor of silviculture; and Dr. Earl L. Stone, zonal leaf spot, rhizoctonia blight, and thread Jr., visiting professor of forestry in the UP col­ blight-have caused considerable damage to cof­ lege of forestry, with fields in forest soils and fee trees under conditions favorable for disease watershed management. development, according to Dr. F. T. Orillo· and Dr. Farnsworth underscored the importance R. B. Valdez of the department of plant pa­ of the project, saying that properly carried out, thology. the study site would provide a place to show These new fungous maladies sporadically- in to the people as the best argument on the need coffee plantings of the Los Banos agricultural for protecting the forest. college, Bureau of Plant Industry and some pri­ He said that an orderly management of the Benguet pine forest would increase timber sup­ vate growers. ply. He observed that Mt. Province is an ideal Symptoms of the diseases are as follows: place for timber production, and that the prov­ 1. Twig girdle and berry rot-The disease ince should contribute a major part in the tim­ first appears as minute cracks starting on the ber industry of the country. vertical branch. The cracks ramify on the in­ The Benguet pine, which is scientifically call­ fected and healthy areas. lnf~cted bark peels ed Pinus insularis, has been successfully used off and death of the top main stem results. for reforestation in the Philpipines for a num­ The stem infection may enlarge and spread ber of years. The age of planted stands has in to the berries producing water-soaked lesions. several instances been reached where attention Infected mature berries shrivel and die and are is needed to maintain satisfactory vigor.-Ma­ covered by a dirty white to pinkish floury mold. nila Times, January 27, 1959. 2. Zo:nal leaf spot--·This attacks mainly the .. . . leaves and produces circular to irregular le­ SOIL EROSION THREAT CITED sions. The lesions start as minute and depress­ Water expert sees danger to A mbuklao dam ed specks on the leaves and gradually enlarge Dr. Earl L. Stone, Jr., forest soils and wa­ with age. tershed management expert, urged yesterday During favorable conditions of fungous different government entities to pool their ef­ growth, the injuries enlarge rapidly with the forts in minimizing soil erosion along the Am­ characteristic "zoned" pattern. During dry buklao access road to prevent the silting of the months, infection is very slow and the "zoned" multi-million Ambuklao hydroelectric dam. patterns are absent.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 89 3. Rhizoctonia blight-Infection on the leaves highway road carved out from rolling hills and is characterized by irregular water-soaked criss-crossing the camp site were finished. blotches occuring on any portion of young and According to him, drilling for water supply mature leaves. Under favorable conditions, the was in progress. The water supply would come infection spreads and blighted leaves drop to from two natural springs nearby. the ground. During dry spell, affected leaves The visitors, who came in some 30 cars and appear sun-scorched. buses, were welcomed to Los Banos by Mayor 4. Thread blight-Fungus forms coarse, white Genaro V. Catalan and Dean Leopoldo B. Ui­ to brown strands tightly appressed under the chanco af the UP college of agriculture here. leaves or on shaded portions of branches caus­ Upon arrival, they made an ocular survey ing necrotic lesions on tender shoots. of the 300-hectare camp site, travelling through Severe infection on the leaves causes pre­ dusty gravel roads up to the site of the gen­ mature defoliation and death of small branches. eral hea.dquarters. Berries may also be infected at any age. In The visitors enjoyed the panoramic view of severe cases, the disease invades and girdles the Laguna de Bay and other towns of Rizal and peduncle eventually causing premature drying Laguna. The cold breeze from the placid La­ of the berries. guna Lake chilled most of the delegates. Studies on the control of these diseases are Later, they were feted with a barrio fiesta being undertaken at the agricultural college de­ at the tQwn plaza, complete with folk dances partment of plant pathology.-Sunday Times, and other entertainment numbers. An open fo­ January 18, 1959. rum on the 10th world jamboree was also held with chairmen af the different committees in * * * attendance.-Manila Times, January 12, 1959. TO STOP YULE TREE SMUGGLE Brig. Gen. Pelagio Cruz, Constabulary chief, * * * today directed the Mt. Province PC to assist AUSTERITY AND OUR FORESTS forestry personnel in the prevention of "smuggl­ The forest conservation program, such as it ing" of Christmas tree to Manila and lowland is, is one of the laudable projects adversely af­ towns. fected by austerity. As our legislators prepare their work sheets for the next Congress, at­ Cruz' directive followed an announcement by tention is being focussed on the despoliation of the bureau af forestry that the four-year ban forests and the loss in millions af pesos which on the cutting down of pine trees which started is due to accidental fires, man-made fires set 1956, still stands. by kaingeros, the failure to carry out selective Rafael Quidilla, Baguio district forester, said logging pledges, and the limited reforestation that the only source of pine trees will come program in which the government is only mild­ from private lot.-Daily Miri·or, December 8, ly interested. 1959. The House forests committee the other day * * * reported that the total forest reserve has been WORLD BS JAMBOREE SITE SEEN reduced by 2 million hectares of forests admi­ Boy scout officials from all over the Philip­ nistered by concession-holders, only half a mil­ pines have been impressed by the progress of lion is being selectively logged. construction at the 10th World Boy Scout Jam­ In his Tokyo visit, the President cited for­ boree camp site at Makiling National Park here. est products as one of the mainstays of Philip­ The officials who attended the "key 3" con­ pine exports to Japan. The bulk of these ex­ ference in connection with the coming world ports is in logs. Those who have enough fore­ jamboree visited the camp site this noon. sight and public spirit say that in about 10 Jorge B. Vargas, conference chairman, head­ years, there will be such a critical depletion ed the delegation to Los Banos. He said the of main forest resources that there won't be camp site was well selected, adding it has a anything to ship, or anything to hold the water commanding view of Laguna and Rizal prov­ during the rainy season. inces. The bureau of forestry used to have an out­ Commenting on the progress of construction, lay of P3.5 million to finance its reforestation Vargas said more equipment should be used to program. It conducts experiments in forest level the roads. management, inventories of resources, and re­ Hermenegildo Reyes, chairman of the phy­ search, but its funds a"re limited. sical arrangement committee, briefed the dele­ Congress should appropriate more funds for gates on the progress of construction at the reforestation, research, and the enforcement of camp site. He said some eight kilometers of forest laws. If no funds are available in the

Page 90 FORESTRY LEAVES near :future, existing laws should at least be The problem o:f forest protection and con­ strictly enforced-both on the kaingero and the servation in the first forestry district attaches concession-holder who ignores selective logging. principally to the Central Cordilleras in the -Manila Times, December 8, 1958. Mountain Province. In their once virginal * * * state, you had trees literally marching from FOREST FIRE PERILS the mountain tops down to the coastline. We CALIFORNIA RESORT have here even now the lush vegetation of the An explosive brush fire cut a black swath tropical rain forest and the scrubby alpine of destruction through the mountain playground growth of cold altitudes. As with every other of Hollywood movie stars Wednesday, destroy­ forestry district, the first has its own peculiar ing 26 homes, menacing scores more, and rout­ problems. ing hundreds of families. In the matter of forest protection, two ma­ The 50,000 dollar home of actor Lew Ayres jor causes of :forest destruction could be readily was qne of the houses destroyed as the flames prevented should forest fires and illegal clear­ raced eight miles across the Malibu Hills to the ing of kaingins be halted altogether or mini­ sea, driven by dry, gale-force winds. mized effectively. With mother or seed trees Property on ranches owned by actors Ro­ left in logged-over areas, reforestation by na­ nald Reagan and Bob Hope was damaged. Actor ture is quite adequate for all purposes and would Glenn Ford evacuated his flame-threatened do very well indeed, provided forest fires and ranch, trucking out several head of prize cat­ kaingin clearing are guarded against. tle with him. Forest conservation includes that of protect­ The famed film colony of Malibu Beach lay ing the watershed of streams and rivers flowing only a mile from the leaping flames and resi­ down to the sea. The Cordilleras are the foun­ dents stood by through the night playing water tainhead of all the rivers of northern and part­ on their fashionable homes. One of them was ly of central Luzon. This watershed role of for­ actor Jakie Coogan, who cancelled a television est and vegetation in the Cordilleras is a mat­ appearance Tuesday night to watch over his ter which needs understanding and comprehen­ house.-December 4, 1958. sive appreciation in order that a program of * * * effective conservation can be mapped ou~. The .FOREST PROTECTION SEMINAR problem needs careful study and investigation, Forest officers of the first forestry district a task perhaps as yet unassigned or altogether in the Philippines will have their first seminar overlooked. on :forest protection in the city of Baguio on The generous patronage o:f the seminar by the 14th and 15th day of this month. The pur­ the mining industrial concerns and forest con­ pose of the seminar is quite important. Also cessionaires must be from a correct apprehen­ the program of the seminar is well conceived, sion of the value of :forest protection and con­ those to speak on forest protection presumably servation in which they are vitally interested. are the best available locally and under the For trees are indispensable in the mining in­ circumstances. dustry. In between, or following the sessions, the A word of counsel to the participants in the participants will have luncheons, cocktails and seminar: In order to allay public skepticism in dinners, all tendered by the local mining com­ the sincere purpose of the conference, the de­ panies and forest concessionaires. To cap the legates should devote themselves seriously to the seminar, a climaxing reception and dance will supremely important objectives of the seminar. be given for those joining the conference. So The success o:f the conference would inescapably it will not all be serious fare. The meeting, follow should every Filipino participant be im­ in order not to be dull, will also have its lighter bued with that love of country which is the moments. inner force or drive leading to national achieve­ Beyond any cavil, the protection o:f Philip­ ment, the magic key opening to greater vistas. pine forests is a matter of serious national con­ -Baguio Midland Courier, January 11, 1959. cern. While we have a tremendous stand of * * * trees in our forests, of the most valuable timber TIMBER to be found in tropical growt~, this virgin stand Specially prepared for the Manila Times by is fast disappearing, and practically negligible "The Economist" Intellige~ Unit of London effort is being exerted to restore what is be­ There has been no significant recovery in in­ coming a permanent loss, either because once dustrial production in the U.K. after the sum­ forest lands have become agricultural, or de­ mer holiday period. When adjusted to allow nuded timber areas have not been reforested for seasonal factors, industrial production in

Movin9-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 91 September was 4 % per cent lower than a year prices to firm up and some swing towards U.S. ago, this being the widest gap recorded so far oak is on the cards. this year. Despite the ending of the Bangkok freight But, despite this evidence, the general feel­ "war" and the establishment of firm rates caus­ ing in industry is surprisingly optimistic. This ing an increase in yang prices Keruing remains is especially true in the major consumer goods on the weak side. Demand from the U.K. is industries, where the first responses to the re­ not strong, and this has also had weakening laxation in controls on credit sales have been effects on teak and iroko prices. fairly good on the whole. Furniture manufac­ Some West African timbers are very firn1, turers are particularly optimistic and a recent amongst them niangon which is now well above survey suggests that a boom is a.lready begin­ summer prices, while Nigerian abura is in short ning. Order books have been filled with a sud­ supply and shippers are asking, and to some den rush af orders and as a consequence deli­ extent getting, top prices. Elsewhere log prices very dates which has been counted in weeks are mainly weak; for Ghana utile this is a con­ now go into months. Some manufacturers go sequence of shippers pressing logs on rather re­ so far as to suggest that conditions have never luctant buyers. But now, at last, the rains have been better. To some extent this must be dis­ begun. This should at once ease the pressure counted by the fact that the las~ part of the on utile and soon increase the supplies of abura year is normally the best for the furniture in­ as more lografts come down the coast. More dustry, but most estimates agree that if present normal prices do not seem far away now. progress is maintained the industry's sales will One point of interest has emerged from the be 10-15 per cent higher next year. One fact current U.S. industrial revival. Building has seems to emerge from recent trading. This is experienced a fairly sharp upturn and hardwood that traditional, reproduction lines have shown flooring blocks are in stronger demand. Prices the largest increase, probably because the pur­ have risen and this must to some extent affect chasers af this type of furniture are most af­ the U.K. which has increased its imports of fected by credit sales relaxation, and this means U.S. hardwood flooring blocks from under 45,000 a good market for veneers. But it is clear that cu.ft. in 1956 to about 115,000 in 1957. This all types of furniture have benefited. year total imports of hardwood flooring blocks The radio, television and record player field and strips and parquet flooring in sections has has also experienced an improvement. Here it been running at an annual rate of over 590,000 seems likely that the newly-developed stereopho­ cu.ft. against 742,000 cu.ft. in 1957. nic records will provide an extra fillip to sales. Arrivals of hardwood in September were The hardwood trade's reaction to these im­ slightly down on August, totalling 3,210,958 provements has been varied. The forward mar­ cu.ft. against 3,301,974 in August. Contracts ket trade has certainly increased and there placed were larger, however, 2,193,000 cu.ft. seems to be a rather wider interest in buying. against 2,081,000. A feature of the figures is Furniture manufacturers were mainly low in the fall in stocks of imported hardwood held stocks of timber and they have been fairly quick by importers, which are down from 18,985,483. to approach the importers for suppHes. But These are of course, higher than those held for importers are still a little cautious, with some example in May, June or July but they are exceptions, and they are mainly confining them­ still small and probably hardly adequate to selves to filling gaps made by furniture makers' meet sharply improved demand. It is probable purchases. Some sources go so far as to sug­ that September orders were placed before the gest that the average importer would rather be new upsurge in the furniture industry became without all he might conceivably need to cover apparent in October, and even more November a big increase in consumption, than be caught stock and contract figures should prove interest­ carrying too much in a competitive market. ing. Outstanding contracts at the end of Sep­ Some importers have been buying quite heavily, tember totalled 13,139,021 cu.ft., an extremely however, although there seems to be almost a low level.-Manila Times, November 28, 1958. complete absence of any speculative buying. • • • In this atmosphere only such it.ems as Jap­ US EXPERT CONFERS WITH LUMBERMEN anese oak and Yugoslavian beech, for which Given briefing on pressing wood in·oblems demand will almost certainly outrun supply, are Dr. Tom Gill, world famous policy expert being freely bought. Heavy quantities of both and executive director of the Charles Lathrop have been bought for 1959 delivery. The com­ Pack Forestry Foundation, recently met with parative shortage of Japanese oak-the Hokkai­ the officers of the Philippine Lumber Producers' do cut is smaller than last year-has caused Association.

Page 92 FORESTRY LEA YES He was invited to come to the Philippines by in the whole history of civilization, there has ICA at the request of the Bureau of Forestry never been found any way to force sterile for­ and the National Economic Council. est land to yield permanent agricultural crops. Dr. Gill was given a briefing by the PLPA "The damage to the forests and the waste directors of the pressing and current problems of valuable timber are bad enough, but worse in connection with administration, utihzation still is the destruction of the soil itself-for soil and mangement of public forest. One feature is the very basis of the world's life. of the current policy of the government which "The destruction of Philippine forests and has resulted in unwise forest conservation is forests lands by the kainginero is a problem the release of forest land adopted for forest that from the standpoint of ultimate human growth for agricultural purposes. Likewise, it welfare far outranks the more publicized prob­ was observed that reforestation fees collected by lems of subsidies, export permits, and peso ex­ the Bureau of Forestry intended to implement change."-Sunday Times, March 1, 1959 reforestation measure and to bring about refor­ • • • estation project ,are mingled with the general MODERN LUMBER METHODS URGED fund of the government and spent for some other Philippine lumber exports will eventually be purposes. ftusched out from the American and Hawaiian Dr. Gill will visit the various forest regions markets by other foreign suppliers if the local of the Philippines, and members of the PLPA industry does not adopt modern and scientific have placed at his disposal their concession areas techniques of production, Ruben Alvarez, com­ so as to give him all the opportunities to ob­ mercial attache in Honolulu, told lumber pro­ serve forest administration, conservation and ducers yesterday. utilization. The trade official, who is currently in con­ As soon as he had made a thorough study of sultation with the department of c-0mmerce and Philippine conditions, Dr. Gill will again con­ industry, stated that kiln-dried lumber has been fer with the entire members of the Philippine methodically reducing the demand for air-dried Lumber Producers' Association for a more defi­ and green lumber in the western markets. nite and thorough discussion of existing prob­ Alvarez urged that the National Economic lems in accordance with his countryside observ­ Council and the Central Bank relax the regula­ ations. The work of Dr. Gill will give the gov­ tion on the importation of kiln-drying machi­ ernment a guiding reference for a complete ana­ nery, modern sawmill equipment and spare lysis of conditions prevailing in the Philippines parts. He said some lumbermen had inform­ upon which a wise forest policy may be made. ed him that their application for import li­ -Manila Times, January 21, 1959. censes for such equipment have not yet been • • • acted upon. EXPERT WARNS AGAINST LOSS The trade official pointed out that the lum­ Gillsays Kaingin ruining forests; notes soil u,~te ber producers and exporters were being short­ The manificient forests of the Philippines changed by foreign buyers of Philippine Lgs and are rapidly being reduced to man-made deserts, timber. Philippine lumber exports, he cited, Dr. Tom Gill, a forester of international re­ cost ~60 per thousand board feet, and foreign nown, told the Society of Filipino Foresters buyers kiln-dry them to be sold at $150 for the Wednesday night. same quantity. "The greatest single factor causing the des­ Alvarez said the move in Congress to bring truction of this valuable resource are the ka­ about a systematic reforestation of denuded ingins made illegally on the mountains and for­ wooded areas and a judicious cutting of trees est lands," Dr. Gill said. Thousand:; of hec­ would go a long way in helping the full devel­ tares of steep lands covered by costly timber opment of the lumber industry, especially with are cleared every year through this kaingin the application of scientific techniques.-Manila practice. Unless stopped, he said that the rich Times, March 2, 1959. forests of the country would be ruined and the • • • cost of reparations will be tremendous. I went to a lumber association dinner pre­ Dr. Gill is on a two-month study of local pared for a boring evening. What I heard from forest policies and laws upon invitation of the world-renowned experts in that dinner should Bureau of Forestry under the NEC-ICA pro­ make every Filipino's hair stand on end. The gram. He was guest speaker last night of the Philippines, according to Tom Gill, American association of Philippine foresters. world famous forestry expert, have forests the "There seems to be a general belief that one equal of any in the world but these forests are can create agricultural land by legislation yet now being destroyed faster than any in the

~oving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 9J world. if the Philippines did not do anything The "romblon" plant derives its name from to stop indiscriminate destruction of our forest Romblon Island where it originally came from. resources, he said, Filipinos of future genera­ How it finally found a home in Cebu, Leyte tions will live in deserts made by the Filipinos and Bohol is a story in itself. today. As one will have learned from geography, • • • Romblon Island is the smallest island in the Converting forest lands to agricultural land Philippines where the capital town of a prov­ without scientific consideration for their adapt­ ince is located. It was also once a favorite of ability to agriculture will destroy not only the botanists because of the rare and bleautiful forests but the fertile lands around the former species that existed on it. Many of these plants forests. In Brazil, said Mr. Gill, a 5000-hectare are no longer found there, among them the forest was cleared by the government to make "romblon" plant. The only native plants that room for farmers but in less than a year the remain are the "baguiw" (Rosa sp.) of the Ro­ once forest land became hard as rock and the saceae fa~ily, a useful and beautiful ornamen­ surrounding areas became arid. We need edu­ tal plant because of its fragrant, white-yellow­ cation in forest and soil conservation, but our ish flowers, the "pay-at", the "busisi", the "sen­ lawmakers are too wise to bother about this. timiento", the kuyaoyao (batino) or "Alstonia It does not concern them what happens to our macrophylla", the "liong-liong", the "kayuma­ grandchildren. mis", the "tufigao", etc. * * * The "romblon" is a kind of pandan (locally According to Sam Nicky, president of the called "baliw"). It thrived abundantly in the Philippine Mahogany Association of America, coasts and hillsides of Romblon Island ages ago, Philippine mahogany has been discovered to pos­ particularly in the barrios of Agbudia, Palji, sess excellent acoustical possibilities. Philip­ Logoon Bauio Islet and sitios Binagong, lpil, pine mahogany, he said, has a great future in Sowa, and Lusod. The "romblon" grows best in the United States as raw material for boats, mu­ sandy soil just like any other pandan species. sical instruments and furniture but Filipino ex­ It is a delicate plant and requires constant porters must guard the quality of what they ex­ care and cultivation. port. But the Romblon inhabitants disregarded the * * * care of the plant and it would have gone into The political tolerance of the "kainginero", complete extinction were it not for the traders all agreed, is costing the Philippines millions of and fishermen from the neighboring Visayan pesos daily and this apathy towards forest con­ provinces. These traders found in the plant po­ servation is slowly destroying the fertility of our tentialities which the native3 had not recog­ agricultural land. There is no such thing as a nized. Their families back home were engaged fertile area, said Mr. Gill. Fertility comes from in the weaving of hats and mats. And they decaying vegetation. Where there is no vegeta­ saw in the leaves a more useful and beautiful tion, not all the fertilizers will help because material than what they had been using. They there will also be no rain. Mr. Gill's descrip­ brought the plant to their homes where soon it tion of our "race between education and disas­ was being turned into beautiful hats and mats. ter" should be read by every congressman and Perhaps one reason why the natives of Rom­ by the President. I'm sure they'll not sleep the blon neglected the "romblon" plant was their night they read it. It is that horrifylng.-Over shift of interest to coconuts following a Spanish a cup of coffe by Teodoro F. Valencia. The decree making the planting of coconut trees in Sunday Times, March 1, 1959. Romblon Island compulsory. Soon coconuts took * * * the place of the "romblon" to such an extent THE STORY OF THE "ROMBLON" PLANT that Rombion Island now has the distinction By TEODORICO MONTOJO of having the greatest number of coconuts per Bureau of Forestry unit area in the whole Philippines. Out in the Visayas, a home industry has So the "romblon" plant went travelling to been quietly flourishing aided by an almost un­ other soils carried by itinerant peddlers and known plant called the "romblon" (Pandanus fishermen who touched at Romblon Island while sp.). The weed which ordinarily would not plying their trades. A Bohol fishermen even draw a second glance from anyone has, in exchanged his sailing boat ("solohan") for the creative hands, become a product of beauty and plant. practicality. The mats and hats woven out of Recently, the ''romblon" plant returned to its the romblon plant are conceded by those who ancient home when a peddler from Bohol, Se­ have seen them to be works of art. vero Alvares, brought thousands of hats and

Page 94 FORESTRY LEAVES mats made from the plant to Romblon. Other "Romblon" is a kind of pandan that belongs products found their way to Odl'ofigan, Romblon. to the hillsides and coastlines in the island ca­ This author has taken steps to see that the pital of Romblon, particularly in Lugbong, Ag· "romblon" stays in its real home by bringing budia, Paji, Lonos, barrios and sitios of Bina­ suckers of the plant to Barrio Agnay in Rom­ gong, Ipil, Sowa and Lusod. The "Romblon" blon and planting them there. thrives best in sandy soil just like any other The natives of Romblon are also engaged in pandan species. It is a pandan species that is the weaving industry but they lack the mate­ intolerant which has delicate surviving charac­ rials for weaving. They import "buri" leaves teristics such as constant care and cultivation from Oriental Mindoro because the local buri as weeding of dominant species as the common plantations under the coconut trees can not sup­ pandan which has wild characteristics. It be­ port the industry. Maybe when the "romblon" longs to a class of pandans which is suppressed suckers will have been given a chance to grow, and intolerant in contradiction to the class of the natives of Romblon will finally see its true dominant or tolerant species, the common or worth and realize that right in their backyard wild pandan. To make my point clear, a hypo­ they have the material that they need. thetical situation will illustrate that "romblon" planted indiscriminately with pandan, "ticug", * * * THE "ROMBLON" OF ROMBLON "bacung'', belibid", "baliw", lamang'', etc. will By perish in due time. TEODORICO MONTOJO Due to the disinterest of the Romblon in­ Bureau of Forestry habitants to this aborigine plant, complete ex­ Romblon tinction resulted therefrom. Those who brought Romblon is one of the main islands where this plant to their homes, took meticulous the capital town is located in the province po­ care for its growth and propagation. The pularly known as the marble province of Rom­ abundant growth of this plant in Western Ley­ blon. Marbles and Mancono (Xanth-Ostemon te, Bohol, Cebu and other eastern Visayan prov­ verdugonianus), the hardest of Philippine inces, explains the interest of tlie people in the woods, are synonyms to Romblon. Romblon is Eastern Visayas in the economic importance or dubbed as a Rocky Visayan Province. But no­ value of the "romblon" leaves for the man­ body knows that there is another popular name ufacture of mats and hats, a home industry among the cottage and home industry centers which existed long, long ago before the intro­ in the Eastern Visayas. In Cebu, Leyte, Bo­ duction of the "romblon" to the Eastern Vi­ hol, "Romblon" is a very popular name. This sayan region. time "Romblon" is not a beautiful port, but a Another reason why "romblon" is no longer useful plant made beautiful by hat and mat found in Romblon Island is due to the shift of weavers in Cebu, Bohol and Leyte. The history planting interest to coconuts following the Spa­ of the "Romblon" plant is replete with romance nish Governor's decrees, the Spanish authorities and adventure aside from the fact that it is punished the family that did not plant coconut. indigenous to a province which is located in the That is why coconuts took the place of the "rom­ heart of the Philippines (Romblon) where trade blon" and Romblon has the distinction of being and fishing had attracted the East Visayan the island having the greatest number of coco­ traders and fishermen from Cebu, Bohol and nuts planted per unit area of land. Even the Leyte, bringing back to their homes the seedl­ slopes, mountains, ridges, plateaus and hillsides ings or suckers of this now popular plant of of Romblon Island are all covered with coconut economic value, and exchanging with the natives trees. The recent typhoon "Wanda" (1951) and of Romblon, the fisherman's fast sailing vessel other typhoons were not a deterrent to the co­ ("solohan") now locally called as "Binol-anon" conuts of Romblon. At present the plantations in honor of the Boholano fisherman who ex· have rehabilitated in the lapse of eight (8) changed same with the suckers of the "Rom­ years. blon". Ronblon Island had been the aborigine Unlike the interest of the Romblon inhabi­ of this "Romblon" plant growing abundantly tants to the "romblon" plant, many itinerant with the native plants of Romblon such as the peddlers and fishermen that touched Romblon "baguiw", a beautiful and useful small-sized· tree Island in the pursuit of their trades, their fa­ with beautiful and fragrant flowers the "pay­ milies back home were engaged in the home in­ at", the "Lumbay" ( Gnetum gnemon) ; the "sen­ dustry of weaving hats and mats, so much so timiento", the "cuyao-yao" (Batino), the "kayu­ that when these traders and fishermen found a mamis", the "liong-liong", the tufigao", the new and more useful and beautiful material for "tuba", etc. weaving in the leaves of the "romblon" plant,

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 95 they brought with them seeds and seedlings to NBI 'BLACKLISTS' ILLEGAL LOGGING their faraway homes and cultivated and cared OPERATORS, DUMMIES for them, and they named that plant species as Rep. Jose Nuguid of Bataan has received "romblon'', after the name of the place where from the national bureau o-I investigation a it originally came from. A Bohol fisherman ex­ "blacklist" of illegal fogging operators, dum­ changed his fast sailing boat ("solohan") with mies of concessionaries and aliens involved in these plants and later the natives of Romblon the illicit cutting of timber on US naval reserv­ accepting the boat's design copied ii from gen­ ations and national park areas in Bataan. eration to generation. Today this ty1Je of sail­ Nuguid got the blockiest as he blamed the ing boat in Romblon is popularly called "Binol­ national parks and wildlife commission for "mal­ anon" in honor of the place where it was ori­ administration" of timbered areas in Bataan re­ ginally designed. served for the preservation of Bataan flora and As the old adage says, "No matter how long fauna. a procession is, the procession will return to Conferring with Acting NBI Director Jose the church just the same." The honor and dis­ G. Lukban, Congressman Nuguid explained that tinction of bringing the "romblon" plant to Rom­ the blacklist will help guide PC checkpoints in blon Island and Odiofigan, Tablas Island in the blocking illegally cut logs being shipped out of form of beautiful and colorful woven mats and the province. hats, is Mr. Severo Alvares, of Bo. Nueva Es­ Nuguid said the PC has completely stopped trella, Talibon, Bohol, the home town of Pres­ the shipment of logs from Bataan to the pre­ ident Garcia. The Romblon natives are tired of judice of concessionaries cutting timber within their "buri" mats. They are not smooth as the their concessions. "romblon" mats nor are they colorful and beau­ The Bataan congressman said a realistic tifully-designed as the "romblon". Thousands of examination of the current restriction was ne­ these ~ats and hats have circulated the town of cessary because of the socio-economic factors in­ Romblon, Romblon, and thousands found its way volved. He said a presidential proclamation re­ to Odiofigan (Tablas Island) Romblon. The ducing the areas reserved for parks would be dyed "romblon" mats and hats have finally found helping thousands of Bataan residents who de­ their ancient home. pend on forest products for a living. Hundreds of these "romblon" plants in the He revealed that out of Bata:o.n's total area form of suckers had been planted in barrio Ag­ of about 130,000 hectares, only about 30,000 nay, to rehabilitate these plants and t6 pave the hectares are available for farming purpo~es for way for an industrialized home industry in a population of 120,000. Romblon Island, the weaving industry. Rom­ He said the rest have been declared as re­ blon Island lacks the materials for its weaving servations, distributed as follows: 30,000 hec­ not even to mention the fact that the native& tares for the US naval reservation; 600,000 are importing "buri" leaves from Occidental and hectares fo1· parks, and the rest for experimen­ Oriental Mindoro, because their buri plantations tal stations of the bureau of forestry.-Sunday found locally could not support the mat weavers Times, February 22, 1959. of Romblon. The beautiful "locab" aml the use­ ful "tinagsa" are very popular in Manila com­ * * * ing from Romblon, Romblon. These mats are NBI PROBES LOGGING FRAUD made of buri. But they can not compare favo1·­ The national bureau of investigation yester­ ably with "romblon" when it comes to comfort­ day said that it might invoke the US-PI bases ability, beauty, smoothness, etc. agreement in recommending prosecution of con­ The writer had the occasion to stu:ly and re­ cessionaires, sawmill operators and truckers in­ search on the origin of this plant and the con­ volved in the million-peso, illegal logging ope­ clusion is true that it originated from Romblon, rations in Bataan. Romblon. A native of Otod, Baybay, Leyte was This followed the revelation yesterday that interviewed by the writer. most of the logs stolen from Bataan forests Our wea\"ing industi·y should be bolstered by were cut from the US naval reservation near the government where our products shouid not Dinalupihan, Bataan, and Olo:;:igapo, Zambales. only be sent within the Philippines but through­ NBI agents returning from Bataan reported out the world, U.S.A., Europe, China, Cambo­ that vital evidence has been found supporting dia, Britain, India, where it will have a place the NBI theory that a number of forest conces­ for exhibition and utility. sionaires in Bataan were "renting out" their AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL LIFE, foresting rights to illegal log cutters and haul­ October, 1958 issue Vol. BB, No. 10. ers.

Page 96 FORESTRY LEA YES The NBI probers said a woman log dealer Iloilo are less than 30 per cent of what these has admitted having paid royalties estimated provinces should have, he said. at P70 to P300 a week to two concessionaires The Mindanao-Sulu-Palawan solon pointed for the privilege of using haul logs away from out there are only 13 provinces that have sub­ the US naval and Philippine wildlife reserv­ stantial forests left. But even in these prov­ ations in Bataan. inces, forest destruction is very rapiPhilippine Constabulary could make up for the rapid drain in forests. in the province. Just to reforest critical water-shed-areas would cost P250 million and take 230 years, he said. The NBI said it has recommended suspen· Forest conservation and protection must be sion of logging and shipment operations in Ba· given priority, Pelaez added. taan and it is now up to the PC command in Bataan and Pampanga to prevent the smuggling Congress can help plug this drain by ap­ out of logs cut from prohibited areas.-Manila proving legislation to prevent arbitrary releases Times, February 17, 1959. of permanent forest areas, Pelaez asserted. Con­ gress could also examine the way reforestation * * • funds are spent. This would prevent its use GOV'T SLATES FOREST PERSONNEL for unauthorized purposes. EXAMINATION Pelaez stressed that the govern"llent must The bureau of civil service announced the adopt far-sighted policies in the conservation of holding of examination for forester, forest sta­ remaining forest resources. He pointed out that tion warden and forest guard, on April 3, in the rapid population growth and new scientific the following places: processess would cause demand for wood to rise Manila, Bacolod City, Baguio City, Butuan in the years ahead. City, Cagayan de Oro City, Cebu City, Cotabato, We must use our forest in such a way that Cotabato; Davao City, Iloilo City, Ilagan, Isa· the generation that will come after us will have bela; Laoag, Ilocos Norte; Naga City, Tacloban enough to meet their needs," Pelaez said. "Fore­ City and Zamboanga City. sight coupled with a sense of responsibility is Applications must be filed on or before the the only sound basis for management of our close of office hours on March 6, in the bureau forest. of civil service or with the chairman, local ex­ * * * amining committee from which application forms Senator Emmanuel Pelaez pointed out the may be secured.-Daily Mirror, February 16, factors that have led the Philippines to l>e among 1959. the ''most science-impoverished nations of the * * * world". PELAEZ ON FOREST DESTRUCTION Addressing the Fourth Annual Convention of Senator Emmanuel Pelaez called for swift the Philippine Association for Technological Edu­ congressional action to stop the alarming rate cation (PATE) at the J. Mapua Memorial Hall, of forest destruction. Manila, Senator Pelaez said that two of the Citing official data, Pelaez said most prov­ most decisive causes for our science backward­ inces had dissipated their forest resources be­ ness have been our educational policies and at­ low safety levels. Forest destruction in the titudes and, our failure to organize Ollr people's Philippines is one of the highest in the world, intellectual effort and apply them vigorously to he added. the problems that beset us. Pelaez revealed that in 31 provinces, timber "As to our educational policies, every stands were already below the level required treaties and study on the subject that I have for preservation of soil cover. The remaining come across points to the lack of consistency forests in Bohol, Capiz, Cebu, Ilocos Sur and and of well-defined objectives. With 'few ex-

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Pci9e 97 ceptions, our elementary and secondary schools vice-president, Ricardo Garcia as treasurer and have failed in their primary mission of train­ Benigno Lim as secretary. ing our youth to think. We have so cluttered In submitting his annual report, to the up our curricula with inconsequential things stockholders of the association, Kosloff said that that we have failed to inculcate in our students "1958 was an eventful year for the plywood in­ the mental discipline and vigor that is the hall­ dustry. It was a year of challenge - a chal­ mark of the truly educated man", Pelaez de­ lenge to its very existence. From within the plored. country, the industry faced major problems - The Mindanao-Sulu-Palawan senator also la­ the problem of lack of government support and mented our utter failure to cultivate the scien­ understanding; the problem of existing conflicts tific spirit in our youth saying that "0ur grad­ with the glue, cassava and logging industries;. uates do not come out af school fired by a quest and the underlying difficulty of -understanding for discovery, by an intense desire to know about the objectives and the true concept for which the things around them, by an impatience with the Plywood Manufacturers Association was or­ the old inefficient, traditional ways". "On the ganized. From without, the industry faced the contrary," he continued, "they simply take things problems of increased tariffs and quota limita­ for granted, drift along with the .crowd, obs­ tions in the United States market, if not total sessed only by the necessity of landing a job - exclusion therefrom." any job provided it is a paying one - and the In concluding his report, Kosloff said: "In less work it requires, the better". this connection, I should like to invite attention "As exceptions", the Chairman of the Senate to objectives one and two of our articles of in­ Committee on Scientific Advancement said, "we corporation which have something t.J do with have a few talented, brilliant young men and the standardization and improvemer.t in the women who are fired by the pursuit of excel­ quality of our products to meet the needs and lence. But we have neglected them. We have requirements of both the domestic and foreign failed to provide incentives for them, levelling markets, and the development of outside mar­ them down to the mediocrity that has resulted kets for plywood and veneer . . . these two ob­ from our haphazard educational effo1t". jectives should now be in the forefront and At the same time, Pelaez advo~ated the should occupy. the attention and concern of all clarification of our educational objectives and the those engaged in the industry. We all know reexamination of our methods to the end that that there are threats to the further entry and the products af our schools will come out of increase in the exports of Philippine plywood in them not only with a capacity to understand the United States market, I feel that it is and to think but with a continuing urge to logical, reasonable and necessary that we devel­ exercise the mind and to broaden their mental op markets other than the United States mar­ horizons. He also underscored the necessity of ket." inculcating in the youth the convict!on that in The plywood industry is now composed of the present day age some basic kn:iwledge of the 17 major plywood and veneer manufactur­ nature and the scientific spirit of investigation ers in the country, having total capitalization are indispensable to everyone, no matter what of P50 million and employing more than 15,000 career he may wish to pursue. laborers in 22 plywood and veneer plants scat­ Pelaez ~as introdused by Oscar Mapua, Pres­ tered all over the country. Last year the in­ ident of the Mapua Institute of Technology and dustry brought into the country approximately of the PATE. $280 million of export receipts. * * * * * * PLYWOOD MAKERS EYE WORLD MART WAPCO The Plywood Manufacturers Association, in Director Felipe R. Amos of forestry advo­ its annual meeting held at the Elks Club last cated recently a re-study of the W APCO stan­ week, elected two new members of the board dard classification of positions and staffing pat­ and reelected seven members. The new directors tern to fit the present setup of his bureau. are Leonides S- Virata and Richar.::. Bartlett In a letter to Senator Gil J. Puyat, senate while the members reelected were N. N. Kosloff, finance committee chairman, Director Amos said Manuel Diaz, Ricardo Garcia, Benigno Lim, the W APCO plan is good but its implementa­ John Gotuaco, Hector Lacson and Jose Monfort. tion causes complaints and dissatisfaction among In an election held immediately after the government employees of all levels. stockholders meeting, the directors unanimously The forestry head suggested legfalative re­ reelected N. N. Kosloff as president for the medial measures to correct some 'VAPCO class­ year 1959, together with Leonides S. Virata as ification defects felt by his staff, most common

Page 98 FORESTRY l.EAVES of which are: 1) the salary of the assistant Resource persons from different offices discussed director is lower than those of the division and explained the functions and works of their chiefs; 2) the requirement that no promotion own agency. They also gave practical demons­ would be given except when there is a change trations on many subjects desired and selected of work and designation; 3) the classification by the trainees. In practical skills one could of some technical personnel as clerk8; 4) the learn about communication, fruit preservation, deprivation of agency head the authority to as­ time and energy management, ham-butter-cheese sign personnel to other work when the exigency making, castration and capomzmg, scientific of the service demands; and 5) the non-enforce­ plant propagation, credit unions, control of soil ment of WAPCO salary adjustments on appoint­ erosion and reforestation, cooking and canning, ments effective on or after November 7, 1957. organizing producers' marketing and consumers' The director believes that unlesi: the dis­ cooperatives, swine and poultry raising, handi­ crepancies were remedied, the W APCO good in­ crafts, control of plant and forest pests and tention CJf "equal pay for equal work" would be diseases, culling and selection, artificial insemi­ defeated.-ag. nation, modern methods of rural sanitation, etc. MODESTO T. TOBIAS These skills would later on be practiced, de­ Chief, Forestr11 lnformation Section demonstrated and taught to rural folks in a * * * barrio selected by a group of participants as COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT their field laboratory. ORIENTATION IN-SERVICE TRAINING GROUPINGS AND SECTIONING By TOMAS M. BINUA After the trainees were briefed about the Forester I, B.F. CD Center facilities and faculty, U.P. Campus (Third In-Service Participant) rules and regulations, activities for participants Under Executive Order No. 57, the Commu­ for their own interest, each member was re­ nity Development Planning Council was creat­ quested to present himself to the group. ed with the Department Secretary of Agricul­ Each trainee and faculty was called by his or ture and Natural Resources, seven other de­ her nick-name and there was no required for­ partmental heads and three private dtizens ap­ malities for any occasion that dealt with public pointed by the President of the Philippines, as relation and friendship. The group then was officials and members. This was later absorb­ divided into four sections. Each section was at ed by Executive Order No. 156, promulgated on least a member from each participating office. January 6, 1956 which made the Presidential Each section then was formed as B (Big) Assistant on Community Development Office to group or a section is divided into two and as coordinate all government efforts on rural im­ S (Small) group or a section into four parts. provements. To get all the needed cooperation, Small groupings gave each participant chances the office offers familiarization and orientation to partake in discussions on any problems being training for personnel participants from almost presented in agenda for solutions, to be approved all governmental agencies. by each of them. All suggested solutions to Hitherto, the P ACD so far has given three problems were then brought for the whole sec­ orientation In-service triangles to p.irticipants tion and the agreed remedial curse then pre­ from bureaus or offices under the DANR, De­ sented to all participants for discussion. All partment of Health, Department of Education, possible solutions were then approved by CD Department of Public Works and C0mmunica­ authorities. This system of group dynamics had tions, Department of Commerce, DND, SW A, been so far the most effective way of getting NWSA, PHILCO A and ACCFA. The last full cooperation from every trainee. training was held from April 26 to June 7, 1958. Applying this method into the Office-to-Office SUBJECTS IN THE CURRICULUM level, the different members could formulate The curriculum for the orientation training plans and solutions to problems of any com­ deals with understanding of community devel­ munity. opment as a world-wide and local movement, the IMPORTANCE OF THE TRAINING role of different governmental agencies .. in cp, The orientation in-service training was of community development through groups (Group great value specially to young employees of any Dynamics), rural sociology and agricultural eco­ governmental agency sharing the exnerience of nomics, laboratory and teamwork and extra cur­ old-timers in the government service. ricular activities. First hand information about any agency in To enable participants to learn other prac­ the government was learned. New researches tical skills outside their professions, a depart­ already complete and being studied were ex­ mental class was given every Saturday morning. plained, solutions of problems of any agency to

Moving-Up Doy Issue, March, 1959 Page 99 perform were presented for speedy action; dis­ based upon its findings to the Presid.,-nt to help cussed and solutions of problems of priorities solve the problems relating funds and person­ were easily given or suggested thru the coope­ nel management. ration and understanding of all governmental The bureau of forestry team was composed agencies. of domain use division chief Braulio Cristobal * * * and foresters Florentino Fontanilla and Martin DANREATAR R. Reyes. District forester Toribio V. Manzano of Tar­ MODESTO T. TOBIAS lac was elected recently as chairman of the Chief, Forestry Information Section Department of Agriculture and Natul'al Resour­ * * * ces Employees Association of Tarlac c.luring the CORRECTION livestock and poultry production wet:k celebra­ The Director of Forestry wishes to correct tion held on January 14, 1959. a PNS item carried by the metropolitan dailies The newly elected officers of the association on November 18, 1958, to the effect that his were inducted by Tarlac provincial governor bureau refused to grant the Sta. Clara Lumber Arsenio Lugay. The program was highlighted Company additional logging areas. It was the by a visit of national and provincial ranking Office of Parks and Wildlife and not the Bureau officials at the different projects of the bureau of Forestry which awarded the company a con­ of animal industry in the province. Speaker cei

,.,. 100 FORESTRY LEAVES F. P.R. I. HIGHLIGHTS

Dr. George M. Hunt conferring with Dr. B. R. Sen, FAO Generol Director ond DANR undersecretary Jose M. Trinidad.

The Visitors with Dr. Hunt and Mr. Monsalud at the Pulp and Paper section of the FPRI.

Dr. George M. Hunt showing the vi­ sitors some rattan poles treated at the Forest Products Research Insti­ f-.·" tute. -_,;·.. \~\_

Dr. Hunt shows the visitors wood samples in the Wood Anatomy Di­ vision, FPRI.

..._-,..,,, -;/~:11.:;· Picture No. 1. Showing the Stainless Steel rotary Di­ gester of the Forest Products Research Institute.

Picture No. 2. Showing the "Midget" Fourdrinier Paper Machine of the Forest Products Research Institute. • FPRI Highlights •

With the completion of the lines and acces­ sories connecting the FPRI to the electric power Jines of National Power Corporation early this year, the Institute has become a real bee-hiY·~ of activities. No longer is the work held up by lack of electric power. This activity was prompted by Director Euge­ nio de la Cruz' appeal to his subordinates, urg­ ing them to work double time to make up for the time lost when research operations had to be suspended for long periods of time due to lack vf electric power. In a weekly con­ ference with his staff, Director de la Cruz point­ ed out, "Let us not feel that we are being ex­ ploited in rendering real hard work although FPRI Building we are receiving low salaries." "I am aware," he emphasized, "that most of us here are under­ CHARCOAL BRIQUETTING paid, but before asking for salary increases let By the time this number comes off the press, it be our first concern to get our work done the newly installed charcoal kiln of the Insti­ and done well, to justify our claim," the Di­ tute shall have been in full operation. This rector added. equipment will be used in making charcoal from He also advised everybody not to be con­ sawmill and logging wastes as well as rejected tent with knowing only one specific line of veneer cores. work. He said, each person should learn as Expected to operate also within this month, many kinds of work as possible, to be prepared March, 1959, is the charcoal briquetting plant. for more responsible positions not only in the Installed in a new building adjacent to the Institute but also outside the government service. boiler building, this machine will be used in In bringing home his point, the Director in­ the study of the manufacture of charcoal bri­ formed his staff that many a private firm plan­ quettes. It will use the charcoal produced by ning to put up pulp and paper plants, charcoal the charcoal kiln, with starch as binder, in briquetting plants, veneer and plywood plants making briquettes .. and others, has already sought the assistance The study of the manufacture

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Po9e IOI long step forward during the recent months. WHY MANGGASINORO IS DIFFICULT A continuation of the work started over a year TO SAW ago on rotary cutting af red and white lauan In the past, wood workers were wondering logs from Tagkawayan, Quezon, the current in­ why manggasinoro is difficult to saw in the vestigations cover the cold rotary cutting of sawmills or to cut in the veneer lathe. The tanguile, bagtikan, and red lauan from Agu­ study of the occurrence of silica inclusions in san province. the Philippine woods which is in progress in the Wood Technology Division seems to have As in the first part of the study, the object found an explanation. is to determine the optimum lathe settings for Rodrigo Valbuena, Actg. Chief of the Wood cutting 1/8", 1/16", and 1/32" thick veneers Technology Division, under whose supervision at ordinary temperature. Rotary cutting is this study is being conducted, reported that also conducted on pre-heated bolts, but this is rnanggasinoro contains an appreciable quantity limited to 1/16" thick veneer only. of silica. The silica is visible under the micro­ Initial results of the study tend to show scope, occurring as rounded crystals in the cells that lathe settings established for cutting red and easily accounts for its rapid dulling of lauan and white lauan logs from Tagkawayan, saws. Analysis by the Chemical Investigations Quezon, are suitable also for the same species Division showed a silica content of about one from Agusan province. percent (based on oven dry weight) in a sample of manggasinoro. With proper lathe adjustments, it has been • • • observed that bagtikan yields good quality ve­ TIMBER TESTING neer. In cutting tangile, there is an indica­ In timber testing, thirteen research projects tion that a little less compression is required are currently in progress. Of particular interest than is necessary for the successful cutting of to engineers, contractors, and builders is the red lauan. study on the strength and related properties of Veneer dnJing is another important phase Philippine woods. One important object of of plywood manufacture because newly cut ve­ thls study is to provide the basic data for neers contain a high percentage of moisture determining the allowable working stresses of and cannot be made into plywood successfully different species of timber. The data to be in that condition. gathered in this project will provide a basis for the efficient and economical designing of In order to establish the optimum drying structural members in buildings and for other schedules for different thicknesses af veneer, purposes for which the strength of the wood is as well as of different species, the Institute important. has included in its research program a project In this study, about 200 trees representing on veneer drying. With the use of a mechan­ 80 species have been partly or completely tested ical veneer dryer, this project was started re­ already. This project will continue for many cently with bagtikan veneers of three thick­ more years until all species whose strength nesses, ie; 1/10", 1/16", and 1/20". More is a matter of concern have been tested. species will be studied later. • • • NEW EQUIPMENT Gluing Studies-Mr. Jose B. Orozco, Chief, Riehle plywood shear testing machine Veneer, Plywood and Gluing Section, reported A brand new 28-inch high Riehle plywood recently that from studies of his section some shear testing machine has been recently added important data have already been obtained re­ to the equipment of the Institute. To be used garding flour-water dilution of urea-resin glue for testing the bond strength of plywood, this and the amount of glue spread as they affect machine has a maximum capacity of 1,000 lbs working characteristics and p 1 y w o o d bond with beam graduations in units of 5 lbs. It is strength, and regarding cassava starch as an equipped with complete grips for plywood speci­ extender af urea-resin glues. mens up to 112" thick, 1" wide and 3-1/4" long. Other gluing studies in progress include those This machine, which cost over $2,000.00, will that relate to the effect of pressure on ply­ facilitate studies in plywood gluing. wood compression set and bond strength, the Water 11torage tank effect of differential moisture content of indi­ The ellipsoidal water storage tank, mounted vidual plies on plywood quality, the glueability on a 40-foot tower in the inner courtyard of of binuang species for plywood, and laminated the lnstitute's main building, is expected to gluing of native woods. function anytime these days. This tank will

Page 102 FORESTRY LEAVES be used to store softened water for pulping A technical article on the paperrnaking pro­ and other laboratory uses. It has a capacity perties of some 83 species of Philippine wood of 3,500 gallons and it is believed that it can was published recently by T APPi, a monthly supply the amount of softened water necessary publication of the Technical Association of the to carry on research operations in the different Pulp and Paper Industry in the United States. research divisions. This was learned from Director Eugenio de • • • la Cruz of the Forest Products Research Insti­ WHAT THE PAPERS SAY ABOUT THE FPRI tute. Director de la Cruz said the paper which is Dr. B. R. Sen, Director General of the United ent;t]ed, Fiber Dimensions of Certain Philip­ Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, said pine Broadleaved and Coniferous Woods, Palms yesterday that the Forest Products Research and Bamboos, is based on the partial results Institute still needs much technical assistance of a continuing project being conducted by in order to cope with its many pronged research the FPRI toward finding species possessing long activities for the more profitable utilization of fibers. wood and other forest products. Explaining the importance of this project, The highest official of the F AO world or­ the Director pointed out that generally long­ ganization~ having headquarters in Rome, Dr. fibered wood species are preferable for the manu­ Sen made this remark after a four-hour tour of the Institute, during which he was shown facture of pulp and paper. the various research activities and equipment The article carries information on the length of that Institute during his visit there yester­ of fibers, cell wall thickness, width of the lumen, day. and other fiber characte:".'istics having something He was accompanied by Agriculture Under­ to do with the paperrnaking properties of wood. secretary Jose M. Trinidad, Dr. Pedro S. Salas, Mr. de la Cruz mentioned that most of the chairman and secretary of the Philippine F AO 83 species covered by the article appear very Committee, respectively, Dean Leopoldo Uichan­ promising or promising for the manufacture co of the U.P. College of Agriculture, Plant of pulp and paper because they have sufficiently Industry Assistant Director Marcelino Constan­ long fibers and other fiber characteristics suit­ tino, Atty. Cesar L. Pangalangan of the Office able for the purpose. of the Secretary of Agriculture, and others. All of the species considered promising and Upon previous agreement with Director Eu­ very promising, as indicated in the article, will genio de la Cruz of the FPRI, who at the time be pulped and made into paper by the Institute, was attending a budget hearing in Manila, FPRI the Director said. Adviser George M. Hunt of the FAO briefed He also mentioned that this article which the visitors on the history and development of is the second of a series, the first having been the Institute, its research projects, funds and published by the same journal in October 1957, assistance, and its problems. was written by research scientists of the Insti­ Mr. Hunt pointed out to the visitors that tute. They are Francisco N. Tamolang, super­ one of the main problems of local forest products vising research scientist; Rodrigo Valbuena, utilization is how to make use of the huge senior forestry research scientist; Benigno A. amount of wood now being wasted for lack Lomibao and Emma A. Artuz, junior forestry of profitable markets. He stated that about research scientists; and Conchita Kalaw and 60 to 70 percent of the wood cut is going to Arsenio Tongacan, forestry technicians. waste, adding that this could be made into Director de la Cruz also announced that re­ useful items such as paper, boards, charcoal prints of both articles are available in the and other products. Institute to interested parties.-Manila Times, The visitors were taken through the different January 15, 1959 laboratories by Mr. Hunt and ranking FPRI • • • officials to see the research apparatus, machines "Can you live a single day without wood?" and equipment in operation. In the booth of the Forest Products Research In a brief informal talk following the guided Institute at the Philippine Exposition a display tour, Dr. Sen told FPRI officials of the plans of wood products ranging from small articles for the 1960 appropriation of the F AO. like popsicle sticks to complicated items as la­ He also remarked that the Institute deserves minated arches and a complete piano will give much more technical assistance to undertake its you the answer to that question. more urgent projects that will be of immediate Among the more interesting features that benefit to the wood user.-Manila Daily Bulletin, will attract your attention there is the display Marc_h 5, 1959 of different kinds of papers including bond,

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 103 wrapping, mimeograph, newsprint, book, onion officials of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and skin, and others, all fabricated by the FPRI Dean Gregorio T. Zamuco of the U.P. College from native woods, bamboos, and agricultural of Forestry. fibrous waste. In this department there is Chang Tse-kai, Chairman of the mission, ex­ a flow chart showing the different steps of pressed appreciation for the general set up of paper production from the time wood waste research equipment and research projects of is made into chips until it comes out a finished the Institute. He was particularly interested product. in the study on paper making and the pro­ Other items also made from residues are duction of briquetted charcoal, while Jerome charcoal briquettes, hardboard, wallboard, parti­ Sinnan Hu asked questions on the production cle board, paper plates (from pulp), egg trays, of petroleum asphalt binder. and related products. Toys of different sorts, They were shown around by Mr. George M. such as bowling pins and balls, trucks, domino Hunt, F AO Adviser to the FPRI who answered sets, novelites and many other wood-waste pro­ all questions they asked about wood utilization ducts are also on display. during a brief talk at the FPRI conference Items produced from scraps including serv­ room following the 30-minute tour to the dif­ ing trays, ash trays, baseball bats, tool handles, ferent laboratories of the Institute. artificial limbs and gunstocks were made from The party which composed a cross section native woods. of big industries in Taiwan included Chang A furniture display includes a coffee table Tse-kai, Chairman, Board of Directors of the made from acacia and a latest style sala set. Bank of Taiwan, head of the mission ; Lin Chi­ Another interesting feature that catches the yung, deputy chairman, Board of Directors, attention of visitors to the booth is the minia­ China Productivity Center; George Y.L. Wu, ture of a 60 ft. wide building illustrating the deputy general manager, Central Trust of China; use of laminated archs in place of steel for Sun Yun-suan, vice president and chie.f en­ buildings where middle posts are not desired. gineer, Taiwan Power Corporation; Y.C. Ho, A miniature upright piano made locally from Vice President, Taiwan Metal Mining Corpora­ native woods is also on display. Minor items are tion; Jerome Sinuan Hu, General Manager, Kao­ shoe heels, shoe lasts, toilet seat covers, battery hsiung Refinery Chinese Petroleum Corporation; separators and related products. Chi Shih-chi, Executive Secretary, Industrial There are also finished pencils and the dif­ Planning and Coordination Group, Ministry of ferent stages in pencil production, and brushes Economic Affairs. made from local fibers similar in durability to Chu Yen-shou, Factory Manager, Yue Loong those made from the imported palmyra type. Engineering Co., Ltd; Bunton Wu, Manager, Sin Besides these products, the exhibits include Tong Chemical Works Co., Chairman, Taiwan models showing methods recommended in piling Regional Association of Pharmaceutical Indus­ lumber for efficient air-seasoning, and basic tests tries; Director, Taiwan Provincial Association to dete1·mine the strength of Philippine woods. of Glass Industries, and Inspector, Taiwan Glu­ Insect and fungus destruction of wood are cose Mfg. Co., Ltd.; Chang Hsuin Shwen, Spe­ illustrated by damaged wood and forest pro­ cialist, Plant Industry Division, JCRR; Chow ducts, and papers on the prevention are avail­ Tsai-ye, Sr. Specialist, and concurrently Sec­ able. tion Chief, Animal Husbandry Division, Depart­ Director Eugenio de la Cruz said that some ment of Agriculture and Forestry, Taiwan Prov­ of the finished products on display were not incial Government; and Chen Chia-shih, Editor, produced by the FPRI but by different wood­ Government Information Office.-Press Relea.6e, using industries, with whom the Institute and December 12, 1958 its technical staff have been collaborating in • • • various ways, and were collected for the public Thomas S. Buchanan of the U.S. Committee view to stimulate the development of new in­ on Foreign Agricultural Research was favorably dustries and the judicious utilization of wood impressed by the activities of the Forest Pro­ and other forest products.-The Lwnbennan ducts Research Institute in College, Laguna upon • • • its four-hour visit there yesterday afternoon. A group of 12 Chinese on an economic Buchal).an visited the FPRI to acquaint him­ goodwill mission to the Philippines visited the self with the lnstitute's research activities, equip­ Forest Products Research Institute this morning. ment and personnel. They were accompanied by Salvador F. Cuna­ He was briefed on the Institute's research nan, Head Executive Assistant, Office of the program by officials of the FPRI headed by Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, (Continued on page 107)

Page 104 FORESTRY LEAVES • •

A preliminary experiment on the impregnation A preliminary trial on soil depth distribution of rattan pieces with chemicals to prevent of damping-off fungi in the forest nursery, fungal stains using the gravity method Makiling National Park, Laguna By By JESUS R. TADE~A HERMOGENES D. l\IAON ABSTRACT ABSTRACT No extensive study has so far been made re­ Damping-off disease, a very vicious seedling garding chemical treatments of rattan canes to disease consistently take a heavy tool of Ben­ prevent fungal stains. Since stained rattans guet Pine (Pinu.s insularis End!.) and Agoho are constantly discriminated against by buyers ( C. equisetifolia Linn.) seedlings and of other and because of the fear that rattar. problem seedlings of deciduous trees of the Makiling might lose their market value due to these National Park, College, Laguna. The extent of blemishes, solving this problem might insure the the losses has reached such proport:ons as to perpetuation af the industry. The st;idy there­ require strenuous efforts to find ways of raising fore deals with (a) the description of the stain seedlings on a scale sufficient to cope with the and (b) the determination of the efficacy of the demand in reforestation work by the Bureau of different fungicides in preventing and minimiz­ Forestry in the Philippines and in keeping the ing stains on rattan. rehabilitation of public parks and lawns. In this experiment, 185 pieces of green rat­ A study was therefore conductec! to find tans cut at about three feet long were used. other possible means of reducing losses caused These were divided into 37 lots in which nine by the disease. There have been various ex­ series of treatments were conducted in the 36 perimental attempts to control the disease effec­ lots and the remaining lot was use

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Pase 105 plantation in the Makiling National Park. It meter classu of 2, 4, 6, and 8 centimeters plant­ covers chiefly the growth of the species. The ed in sepa:ate plots. One plot which is plant­ study was conducted in the Dipterocarp Planta­ ed to narra is a comparison species. tion of the Bureau of Forestry at the foot of Daily and weekly observations were made the mountains in the Makiling National Park, from the time the sprouting began until the from July 1950 to February 1951, covering a time when sprouting stopped. This was done to period of eight months. - determine the survival and mortality. Growt.h measurements for the diameter, total It was noted that narra cuttings sprouted height, clear length and crown width were earlier than batitinan and sakat. It sprouted 10 taken at breast height (1.3 meters from the bas~ days after planting. Batitinan and sakat sprout­ of the tree) with the use of a caliper. Total ed 20 and 2a days after planting respectively. The heights and clear lengths were measured with former produced roots and survived until the end the use of any abney hand level calibrated in of the experiment. The latter died earlier. N arra per cent. Crown width \yaS measured to the produced also roots. Batitinan under 4 and 6 cm. nearest tenth of a meter with the use of a diameter classes developed the greatest number of standard chain. sprouts in a 5-week period. Narra, ui,der 8 cm. The results found in the study are the fol­ showed the highest results. It was also noted that lowing: a number of sprouts died during the months of 1. Young hagakhak trr.es in plantatinn show­ November and December. This was due in part ed a comparatively fast rate of growth, conse­ to the scantly rainfall of 2.4 and 0.74 inches and quently five years difference in age will mean to low relat.ive humidity c,f 74.4 and 77.3% res­ a significant difference in the sizes of trees. pectively, as shown in table 4. The average 2. The total heights of hagakhak trees 17 temperatur~ for those months were 79.2°F and years old, and larger than 5 centime!er in dia­ 77.7°F. Termites were also observed to damage meter, were greater than the 16-year ol

Paga 1041 FORESTRY LEAVES .s~~. Compiled by E. G. DIZON

"Melchor," the father told his son, "you're Said one coed to another: '"Why do you go a pig. Now do you know what a pig is?" out with that guy? He can't dance at all." "Sure," said Melchor. "A pig is a hog's lit­ "You're right", her friend said. "But boy, tle boy." can he intermission ! " • • • • • • A father took his young son to the opera This guy took a little trip in an airplane. for the first time. The conductor started wav­ When they were in the air, speeding along, the ing the baton, and the soprano began her aria. pilot suddenly began to laugh hysterically. The boy watched everything intently, and final· "\Vhat's wrong?" the passenger asked. ly asked: "Why is he hitting her with a stick?" "What's so funny?" "He's not hitting her with the stick," the "Oh", said the pilot, ''I'm thinking of what father explained. they'll say at the assylum when they find out "Then why is she screaming?" • • • I've escaped." During supper, the small boy asked his • • • After an absence of several days, Adam re­ father. "Dad, are caterpillars good to eat?" turned to find Eve sulking and suspicious. "Ebiong, how many times do I tell you to "But darling," Adam said "how could you pos­ stop talking while eating", shouted the father sibly be jealous? Don't forget that I'm the first angrily. and only man, and you're the first and only "Why son?", querried his mother. woman. Who could you possibly be jealous of?" ''Oh, I just saw one on Dad's plate and now it's gone". "I know all that," Eve said. "Still" ---­ • • • And that night, after Adam was already asleep, Doctor Adams had completed his examin­ Eve got up, pulled the bearskin aff him, and 'ltion, and he turned to the young lady before carefully counted his ribs. him with a smile on his face. "Mrs. Jones," he • • • began, "I have good news for you." The unhappy old gentleman emerged from his "Miss Jones," the lady corrected him. club and climbed into a waiting taxicab. The doctor raised his eyebrows. "Where to, sir?" said the driver gently. "Miss Jones," he started again, "I have bad "Drive off to a cliff." the gentleman replied. news for you." "I'm committing suicide."

FPRI. .. via Northwest Airlines from the U.S. recently. (Continued f'T'Om page 104) An NEC-ICA trainee-grantee, Bawagan spe­ cialized for one year in semi-chemical pulping Director Eugenio de la Cruz and F AO Adviser of hardwoods at the U.S. Forest Products Lab­ to the FPRJ, George M. Hunt. He was also oratory in Madison, Wisconsin. shown the different machines and equipment of the laboratories and was told how the var­ After completing his training at Madison, ious research projects are being conducted. Bawagan also went to New York University, Syracuse, New York to discuss subjects related Buchanan also visited the U.P. College of to semi-chemical pulping with professors there. Agriculture and College of Forestry. He was Bawagan is a chemical engineer. He is an accompanied by ICA's G. L. Boykin and Dr. alumnus of the Mapua Institute of Technology Casimiro del Rosario, Vice Chairman and Exe­ and was among the first five in the board exam­ cutive Director of the National Science Devel­ inations for chemical engineers given in 1954. opment Board.-Press Release, December 18, 1958 FPRI Director Eugenio de la Cruz said that • • • Bawagan will be assigned in the work on pulp­ Pancracio V. Bawagan, a research chemist af ing of Philippine hardwoods and agricultural the Forest Products Research Institute, arrived wastes.-Press Release, January 5, 1959

Movin9-Up DaJ Issue, Morch, 1959 ,.,. 107 Republic of the Philippines Department of Public Works and Communications BUREAU OF POSTS Manila

SWORN STATEMENT (Required by Act 2580)

The undersigned, EDILBERTO Z. CAJUCOM, business manager of FORESTRY LEAVES published quarterly in English at College, Laguna after having been duly sworn in accordance with law, hereby submits the following statement of ownership, management, circulation, etc., which is required by Act 2580, as amended by Commonwealth Act No. 201: Name Address Editor, Nicasio N. Mulato ...... College, Laguna Managing Editor, Angelo G. Mordeno ...... College, Laguna Business Manager, Edilberto Z. Cajucom ...... College, Laguna Owner, U.P. College of Forestry ...... College, Laguna Publisher, Student Body and Alumni, Col. of Forestry ...... College, Laguna Printer, Community Publishers, Inc...... 1986 Herran St., Manila Office of Publication, College, Laguna ...... College, Laguna If publication is owned by a corporation, stockholders owning one per cent or more of the total amount of stocks: NOT APPLICABLE Bondholders, mortgagees, or other !eCUrity holders ownin1 one per cent or more of total amount of security: NOT APPLICABLE

In case of daily publication, average number of copies printed and circulated of each issue durin1 the preceding month of N 0 NE, 19 .... ;

1. Sent to paid subscribers ...... NONE 2. Sent to others than paid subscribers ...... NONE Total ...... NONE

In case of publication other than daily, total number of copies printed and circulated of the last issue dated November, 1958; Vol. 11, No. 1 (FORESTRY DAY ISSUE)

1. Sent to paid subscribers 520 2. Sent to others than paid subscribers ...... 480 To t a l 1,000

(Sgd.) EDILBERTO Z. CAJUCOM Busine11B Manaaer

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this 22nd day of September, 1958, at Los Baiios, La­ guna, the affiant exhibiting his Residence Certificate No. A-0388951 issued at Manila, on June 5, 1958.

GENARO V. CATALAN Mayor, Los Baiios, Laguna

ACT 2580 REQUIRES THAT THIS SWORN STATEMENT BE FILED WITH THE BUREAU OF POSTS ON APRIL 1 AND OCTOBER 1 OF EACH YEAR.

NOTE: This form is ezempt from the payment of documentary stamp tu.

Page 108 FORESTRY LEAVES -{~~1-

58 Granja Avenue I hope you'll have a good laugh at this new set Lucena, Quezon of compilations. February 19, 1959 Yours for a good reading, The Editor In-Chief E. G. Dizon The Forestry Leaves • • • U.P., College of Forestry January 12, 1959 College, Laguna Dean Gregorio Zamuco S i r : College of Forestry, U.P Your Forestry Leaves, the official organ of College, Laguna the student body and alumni of the College of Dear Dean Zamuco: Forestry, U.P., is indeed one of the best read­ Yours of the 2nd instant has just been re­ ing materials in all the universities and col­ ceived. Thanks for the kind thoughts and the leges here in the Philippines and comparable too, trouble you went through. to those in the U.S. and other European coun­ Mr. Cajucom is right, I received four ( 4) tries. copies from him, but those were all sent to From my friends in the Bureau of Forestry, Stateside consulting foresters, including former I have received many copies of your organ and Director of Forestry and Dean of the College learned great knowledge that can not be bought of Forestry, Arthur F. Fischer. And what I by wealth. With the htlp of my friends, I came have requested you was additional copies of the to understand the scientific notes and articles of Arbor Week issue of the Forestry Leaves. your paper, for my profession is not forestry. Also send me copies of the recent issue of I learn to love the trees and wildlife that most the same publication. This could be its anni­ of the time I help my forestry friends in des­ versary issue for which I have solicited ads siminating forestry education among the masses. from my friends. I only regret that in your Sunshine Corner, Thanking you again for this and past trou­ that makes me laugh often times, the names bles, I am of the contributors were not being given their Very sincerely yours, due honor by placing their names just under AGAPITO L. CENABRE their contributions and that copied jokes from • • • other reading materials appears also in your or­ The Editor gan. Forestry Leaves Hoping that my suggestion will be taken in the College of Forestry forestry way of friendship and will be done for College, Laguna, Philippines. the sake of giving initiative both to the stu­ 12 February 1959 dents and the alumni to contribute their hidden Dear Sir, knowledge in writing. ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL GRADING Sincerely, RULES FOR TEAK SQUARES JAMES MACABINGUEL The above grading rules have been printed and copy is forwarded under separate cover for Mr. Macabinguel, your use. As mentioned in paragraph 2, page Thank you very much for your kind sug­ 3 of this publication, we earnestly hope to have gestions. I regret to say too that as for the your comments in due course. The Third Ses­ ;okes in the Sunshine Corner of which I had sion of the Teak Sub-Commission is now sche­ my byl~ne during tlle Forestry Day issue of the dule

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Pot• 109 SEATTLE.: Republic of the Philippines January 20, 1959 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Felipe R. Amos Manila Director of Forestry February 27, 1959 Department of. Agriculture Mr. Angelo G. Mordeno and Natural Resources College of Forestry Manila, Philippines College, Laguna Dear Mr. Mordeno: Dear Sir: We regret very much that due to volume of Thank you for your letters of November 10 work as Congress is now in session, the enclos­ and December 9 as well as for the shipment of ed message has been delayed. But as Congress­ bark which arrived a shOrt while ago. A bank man Jacobo Z. Gonzales can not disappoint you, draft to cover your expenses of collection and we are still sending it notwithstanding the dead­ shipment should be on its way to you now. line you gave us, hoping that you can still find I should like to express my thanks for the a way of including it ir.. your publication. speed with which you obtained the samp)es and Please accept the warmest personal regards for the wealth of material you provided. It was of the Congressman to you and thru you, to all much more than I had hoped for, and it will the graduates. be of great interest to us to see what can be Very sincerely yours, obtained from the various species. ENRIQUE I. ZANO I hope that you will be able to provide us Secretary at a later date with larger quantities of the • • • barks which prove to be interesting chemically. D-16, Cooperation Are there seasonal problems involved in the col­ Philippine Red Cross lection of these barks making them available (1958 Nat. Fund Campaign) only at certain times of the year? If so, will February 24, 1959 you please let us know so that we may arrange Director of Forestry our work accordingly. Manila Again, my warmest thanks for your help. S i r : I have the honor to inform you that the Sincerely yours, Bureau of. Forestry ( Camarines Norte District ( SG D.) GF.ORGE H. STOUT Office) has been awarded CERTIFICATE OF Assistant Professor APPRECIATION for distinguished service in the 1958 NATIONAL .FUND CAMPAIGN by • • • .the Philippine National Red Cross. Republic of the Philippine~ Very truly yours, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources JORGE MIRANDA BUREAU OF FORESTRY District Forester Office of the District Forester Odioiigan, Romblon • • • January 19, 1959 February 24, 1959 The Editor in Chief The Editor Thru the Adviser Official Gazette Forestry Leaves Executive Bldg., Malacaiiang College, Lsguna Manila ( Thru the Honorable, the Secretary of S i r : Agriculture and Natural Resource.a, Manila) I have the honor to submit herewith reprints of the "The Story of the "Romblon" Plant" and S i r : "The Romblon" of Romblon from the Septem­ I have the honor to enclose he:rewith the ber, 1958 issue of the The Cooperative Farmer two (2) copies of Forestry Administrative Or­ and the October, 1958 issue of the Agricultural der No. 11-13, dated December 1, 1958, with and Industrial Life, respectively, requesting fav­ the request that same be published in -the Of­ orable editorial consideration, in the next issue ficial Gazette in confo1mity with Section 79 (b) of the Forestry Leaves. of the Revised Administrative Code, as amend­ ed, and Section 11, C.A. No. 638. Very truly yours, Very truly yours, TF.ODORICO MONT0.10 FELIPE R. AMOS Forester I Director of Forestry

p... 110 FORESTRY LEAVES Republic of the Philippim:s also be forfeited in favor of the Govern­ Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources ~ent; and FORESTRY ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER...... (c) That the grantee shall faithfully com­ F'orestry Administrative Order) ply with all forestry and internal revenue rules and regulations now or hereafter en­ No. 11-13 forced in the operation of his license agree­ Decem~er 1, 1958 ment. SUBJECT: Grant of License Agreenient SECTION 3-Applicants for a forest conces­ Without Bidding to Certain sion under this regulation shall support their Applicants. application with duly verified papers evidencing Implementing in some measure the indus­ the following: trialization program of the government through (a) Cash capital and other evidence of the promotion of the establishment in the coun­ financial capacity of the applicant; if a cor­ try of veneer, plywood or wallboard factories, poration, a financial statement showing its pulpwood and paper mills, and other wood pr<>­ assets and liabilities, shall accompany the ap­ cessing plants; to help solve local unemploy­ plication; ment; and to encourage domestic use and man­ (b) Adequate means of procuring the ne­ ufacture of our local log production, now there­ cessary machinery and equipment f-0r the fore, pursuant to the provisions of Sections 79 purpose; (b) and 1817 of the Revised Administrative (c) Technical know-how to assure efficient Code, as amended, and Section 4 (b) of Execu­ operation of the concession; tive Order No. 216, series of 1956, this Order (d) Appropriate plan of operation and is hereby promulgated: development of the forest area applied for, including phasing of the plan and the fund SECTION 1-Notwithstanding the provisions requirement therefor, consistent with selec­ of Forestry Administrative Order No. 11-12, li­ tive logging method and sustained yield po­ cem;e agreements covering a forested area not licy of the Bureau of Forestry; exceeding 50,000 hectares may be granted to a (e) A statement that it shall be the obliga­ duly qualified applicant who can show to the tion of the applicant to reforest the area satisfaction of the Director of Forestry and the under license at his own expense, unless Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources exempted from doing so by the Director of that he possesses the necessary capital and other Forestry with the approval of the Secretary resources to install veneer, plywood and wall­ of Agriculture and Natural Resources in board factory, pulpwood and paper mill, or other certain places where reforestation is not wood processing plants within two (2) years deemed necessary; and from the date of the grant, or within three (3) (f) Such other inducements to the grant as years from 3aid date, in the case of pulpwood may serve the public interest. or paper plants. SECTION 4 - Present owners of the forego­ SECTION 2 - It shall be a condition prece­ ing log processing concerns who are not holders dent to the grant of a license agreement under of forest concessions and not otherwise disquali­ this regulation that the grantee shall first make fied under existing regulations, may also be known in writing and under oath his offer to be granted a forest concession under this regula­ bound by the following terms and covenants: tion, PROVIDED they can show that they have (a) That upon failure of the grantee to the capacity to maintain continuous and efficient comply with the essential condition of the operation of such concession, and PROVIDED grant, that is, the establishment of the fore­ FURTHER, that they shall accept such terms going log-processing concerns within the spe­ and conditions consistent with the purposes of cified period, the license agreement shall be this Order that may be prescribed by the Direc­ deemed cancelled: tor of Forestry subject to the approval by the (b) That all improvements that have been Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. introduced by the grantee in the area un­ SECTION 5 - All rules, orders, and regula­ der license agerement shall be forfeited in tions inconsistent herewith 'are hereby repealed. favor of the Government without claim to SECTION 6 - This Order shall take effect reimbursement for any expense incurred in upon its approval. connection therewith, upon the cancellation APPROVED: December 15, 1958. of the license agreement or its termination (SGD.) JUAN DE G. RODRIGUEZ thru the fault of the grantee, and that the Secreta'1'y of Agriculture bond posted in connection therewith shall and Natural Resources

Movin9-Up Dar Issue, March, 1959 •••• 111 January 29, 1959 EXCERPTS ... (Continued from -page 106) Forestry Leaves The planting areas where this experiment College of Forestry was conducted ranges in elevation from 300 up University of the Philippines to 2100 feet above sea level with the interval College, Laguna of 300 feet. At each site, 200 root sprouts with PHILIPPINES uniform height class of about 50 centimeters Gentlemen: were planted. The Librarian of Con~ress has requested me The planted areas were cleaned of under­ to acknowledge, with many thanks, the material brush and the best sites were selected consider­ mentioned below which we have credited to your ing slope, ex1Josure :·md light intensity. The exchange account. planting areas were located so that they receive Sincerely yours, sunlight at mid-day. After planting, the observation was done ALTO:S H. KELLER, Chief twice a m'mth. The observation was ended af­ Exchange and Gift Division ter 5 months. The number that survived at the The material received: end of the experiment at each elevation was Forestry Leaves, Vol. XI, No. I, Goldl'n Jubilee counted and measured. Issue, November 30, 1958. The chemical properties of the soil ,.,·ere de­ termined to find out the percentage of nutrient * * * deficiency and pH values. Soil texture was de­ REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINFS termined by the hydrometer method. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources The studies revealed that the area at eleva­ BUREAU OF FORESTRY tion 1200 !eet gave the highest percentage of Vigan, llocos Sur survival and highest percentage of growth. The Office of the District Fore5ter chemical properties of the soil had no influence D-2, Public Relations on the percentage of survival although there (Vigan Carnival & Fair 1959) might have been a possible effect of the mech­ Februal') 12, 1959 anical properties. The highest percentage of The Director of Forestry survival at elevation 1200 feet is 54%, while the Manila lowest at elevation 300 feet is 2.5%. The other factors that affected the survival of the sprouts S i r : are light intensity, amount af water in the soil, I have the honor to inform yoi. that our snails and termites. bureau participated in the Vigan Carnival and By N. Bma Fair held on January 20-28, 1959, at Vigan, llo­ cos Sur, by putting up a forestry float at the in order to sell to the public our functions and opening parade on January 20, 1959, a picture activities in the province. of our decorated truck TPI-795 of which is Very truly yours, herewith enclosed, and a forestry booth inside BERNABE S. ZU.MEL the carnival city where exhibits werP. displayed, District Forester

Compliments of: Compliments of: Chua Liong Lumber Felipe Hidalgo Ranch and Bambang Lumber

Nattubunan, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya

Compliments of: Compliments of: Lorenzo Alba Uy and Divina Livestock Farm Ramon Cajucum Uy Asia Lumber and Hardware Mount Toton, Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

Page 112 FORESTRY LEAVES THE NEED FUR THE EXPANS/ON OF THE COLLEGE FACULTY When the College of Forestry was still jointly operated by the Bureau of Forestry and the University of the Philippines, it had enough faculty members for administrative and teaching routines. Bureau personnel a~uming research responsibilities at the then Forest Products Laboratory were made available to teach, comprising almost one half of the college teaching staff. However, the College suffered a sudden reduction of faculty members in 1957 by virtue of the Reorganization separating the College from the Bureau and transfering foil responsibility for the operation of the College to the University of the Philippines. Al­ though the Forest Products Laboratory where most of the f acuity came, together with the Forest Products Research Section of the Bureau were combined to form the Forest Pro­ ducts Research Institute and still attached to the Office of the President of the U.P. for policy purposes, no provision had been made providing for the replacement of the Bureau­ supported faculty that the College lost. As a result, only about one half of the original faculty remained in the University payroll. This, in addition to the retirement of Dean Mabesa, has greatly paralyzed the College faculty. At present, there are twenty faculty members including the five Forest Products Research Institute personnel who have academic appointments from the University and one from the College of Agriculture personnel who is assigned full time to the College. This, however, is not sufficient to meet the growing student population and the increasing demands for forestry research information. The teaching load per instructor is com para-

1Jinr.estry 1£.eau.es Organ of the Student Body and Alumni of the College of Forestry, College, J,aguna

NICASIO N. MUI.1.TO Editor-in-chief Associate Editors SECTION EDITORS News ANDREW BACDAY-'-N ANGELO G. MORDENO CARLOS GLORI Managing Editor EDMUNDO DIZON FORTUNATO S. AR<"ANGEL RODOLFO QUITOLES Literary EDILBERTO Z. CAJUCOM Board of Management Business Manager NGUYEN DAM HO.\NG BIENVENIDO R. ROLA SABADO BATCAGAN NAPOLEON D. BUSA A. f# E. FLORENTINO 0. TESORO ENRIQUITO DE GuzMAN ELPIDIO FABIAN Asst. Business M1mager ISIDRO ESTEBAN Features Circulation ISIDRO T. ZAMUCO LORENZO M. ESTRADA BIENVENIDO GIRON Artist ADOLFO REVILLA JR. ROGELIO Cosico C.F.W.O. HERMINIO MAMAOAG PROF. JOSE B. BLANDO ADELA RIMBON BIENVENIDO AREVALO Adviser R. V1LLADELGADO

Moving-Up Doy Issue, Morch, 1959 Page 113 tively heavier than in the former years and administrative officers have to assume much of the teaching responsibilities as well. It is not surprising to note that some students sometimes complain of less-inspired instruct ion as well as the failure of the instructor to devote full attention to the subject. This is attributed to the fact that the instructor has to handle a series of teaching hours aside from attending to administrative matters. Often­ times, faculty members, especially those from the F.P.R.I., have to sacrifice their research hours in the Institute for teaching assignments in the College. The College might have been able to manage to operate under such a situation, but this cannot go on forever, on account of the following: (1) a number of the present fa­ culty members are due for unavoidable retirement soon. This calls for replacements who will be mature enough to assume leadership in the different proposed departments when retirements will further decrease the College faculty; (2) increase in faculty is so necessary when the proposed new curriculum will finally take effect. This would mean the addition of new courses for the B.S.F. degree which will naturally require more instructors; (3) in­ crease in faculty will remedy the heavy teaching and administrative loads which hampers the expansion of the college program, especially in research; (4) and increase in faculty will also increase the number of advanced trainees necessary to provide academic training in keeping abreast with rapid Philippine forestry technological advances. It is, therefore, hoped that this planned expansion of the college faculty as sub­ mitted by Dean Zamuco to the proper authorities will be approved. - A.G. Mordeno

LOCAL lNITIATIVE It is heartening to note that the national government is finally realizing the futility of trying to do everything from a central authority in Manila. President Garcia has told Congress in his state of the nation address that more local autonomy is needed to spur public interest and support in local developments. In Congress, a move is on to raise lo­ cal revenues for local education, and it is even proposed that much of the local taxes should revert to the local authorities as incentive to increase local tax collections. We in the timber industry believe this move should result in improved manage­ ment of the nation's timber resources. If, for example, the funds collected from f oresi fees were allocated for the protection and reforestation of the areas from which the funds were raised, there would be proportionate benefits accruing to those who carry the tax burden. As it is, most of the funds seem to be reverted to the general fund or, in any case, sunk into projects of little or no direct bearing to the improvement of the areas which actually put up the money. We are therefore in favor of encouraging local initiative. The taxes we pay in Agu­ san, for example, should be for the most part used in protecting the forests from which the funds come. In this way we can guard the forest more adequately and keep up a con­ sistent forestation program that can assure permanent sources of forest raw materials. This way, local governments will be encouraged to exert more efforts to collect taxes all the way around. In the process, the national government stands to benefit just as much, since there will be a proportionate increase in the share of the national treasury. President Garcia and Congress deserve commendation for this progressive trend in their thinking in~ favor of more local initiative and responsibility. - The Woodsman; Feb. 1, 1959

Page 114 FORESTRY LEAVES GRADUATION THOUGHTS This year's graduation exceeds all others in the number of students who will soon join the rank of the Country's Custodians of our forest resources. However, it should not be the quantity but the quality of graduates that should be considered when we speak of the potential output of these foresters-to-he, in terms of service to their fellowmen and to the country at large. In recent years the complaint has been the deteriorating quality of our graduates. It has been contended by the College authorities and faculty that the ma­ terials that we have been getting lately are not of excellent or superior quality. No am­ ount of efficient teaching, modern equipment and facilities can turn out superior grad­ uates out of poor materials. True it is that before the beginning of classes, entrance exam­ inations and personal interviews were used to screen the entering freshmen. But in view of the poor quality of the entering freshmen, the best 120 students, from the applicants are not necessarily A-1 students. This has been attested by the fact that out of this num­ ber generally around thirty students finish the Ranger's Course in two years, and about eight, the B.S.F. Course in four years. This year's graduating class is, therefore, com­ posed of the regular 1958-59 Class, that came to College four years ago, and the left­ overs of previous classes. Attempts have been made to attract better types of students. A brochure en­ titled "A fores try Career. . . For You?" has been sent to the different high schools in the hope that we shall be able to attract students of excellent quality. Through the recommendation of Dr. Dalisay, Undersecretary of Natural Resources the sum of P50,000 was included in this year's DANR budget for scholarships: ten for selected Bureau men in the field, and twenty for chosen High School Students after a rigid screening. In previous years, there were pensionados from among the Bureau men, select­ ed by a committee composed of the Director as chairman, and the different. B.F. Divi­ sion Chiefs. In some cases, the choices were a disappointment and this was due to the defective screening system mostly by, what one facetiously ca 11 e d, "horse trading", in which one Division chief votes in favor of another chief's candidate in the hope that his will get a reciprocal vote. Then there was again the pensionadoship under the DANR, under the then Secre­ tary Araneta and the former Director of Forestry, Tamesis. This was offered to High School Valedictorians and Salutatorians and and First Class Boy Scouts with a general average of 85%. While not all the scholars had come up to the expectation of the College authorities, it gave to the DANR, rangers that the College and the Bureau can be very proud of. . It is hoped that this year's selection will be more systematic and effective. It is hoped, too, that better types of students wi II apply for admission. Then we can hope that we shall have better rangers who will carry on the thankless task of conserving our country's forest resources, a credit to their College and the University of the Philip- pines. -N. N. Mulato

Compliments of: Compliments of: Cosmos Lumber Vizcaya Esperanza and Hardware Lumber and Hardware Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 115 INCIDENTALLY

VERY few know that our Guest Speaker, dwindling forest reserves, as well as his grim the Honorable Juan de G. Rodriguez, fondly warning that unless something is done to pro­ called by his colleagues and friends, "Johnny" tect these, the country will experience the same had played a part in the realization of one of tragedy that befell previous empires, made our the fondest dreams of every college alumnus, congressmen sit up and take notice. It took a new and beautiful College building. US Congress to put forestry on its present so­ When Dr. Roland Rene, the first MSA (now lid foundation. Can our Congress do something ICA) Chief arrived, Johnny, an old friend and for the Bureau of Forestry and its men? classmate, in the University of Montana, called • * up his friends and alumni from the different It is seldom if ever that we meet men in the universities in the Pacific Northwest, and at course of our lives with whom we would wish to a pow-wow, decided to tender a luncheon in be with us forever. Among such men have been honor of the newly arrived MSA Director. Dr. Pentoney and Dr. Farnsworth, who, despite As usual, after the luncheon at the New their 18 months' stay with us, have so endeared Selecta, there were postprandial talks. One of themselves to us that we wish they could be the speakers, a member of the College faculty made permanent members of the faculty. The asked the kind Dr. whether in the over­ Faculty and the Student Body are profoundly all program of the MSA for agricultural aid grateful for all the things they did for the Col­ and expansive projects, there was something lege. -Ban Voyage and Au Revoir. for the College of Forestry. And Dr. Rene * * * answered that agriculture and forestry are in­ SENIOR CLASS DONATWN extricably linked, that one cannot talk of agri­ The Senior Class Organization, in its meet­ culture, without thinking of forestry. He pro­ ing on February 21, 1959, decided to donata to mised to do something concrete. The building is their Alma Mater this year, the folfowing: (a) here now. As we survey the building, we can­ A replica of the Ahern Medal, in cement and not help remembering Dr. Rene and "Johnny", %' thick and 5' in diameter, to be attached to among those who, in one way or another, had the wall outside the College building between made possible the realization of the alumni the Offices of the Dean and the Math & Eng­ dream. lish Department; (b) Extensions on both sides Of course, he had done greater things than of the front sidewalk in the form of 2' wide these for his is a rich and colorful career, fruit­ flower beds; and (c) Five 1' x 1' x 2' flower ful of human service. We would rather that his beds, of cement, to be placed and arranged biodata be given in this morning's celebration strategically on the lawn before the Collegt; by one who knows him intimately and with building. whom he has worked all these years as an ef­ The P300 class project was motivated by the ficient and conscientious public servant. desire of the Seniors to have the College build­ • • • ing and grounds appear more prominent in the It has been said that if a Filipino expert were Park and be more appropriately called the to talk to a group of his own people, his ideas site of the only forestry college in the country. would not be taken seriously or, worse still, • • • skeptically. But if a foreigner expressed the ANOTHER PROJECT same opinion, the same group would listen to Meanwhile, Mr. F. P. Mauricio initiated the him, and applaud him. One of the best things putting up of signboard with the inscriptions; that happened recently was the visit of Dr. Gill, University of the Philippines Executive Director of the Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation. A fellow of the Society COLLEGE OF FORESTRY College, Laguna of American foresters, he was awarded the Sehlich Medal in recognition of his most out­ U.P. SEAL AHERN MEDAL standing contributions to the advancement of The signboard will make the college better international forestry. known to the public and attract our youths to His frank appraisal of the our country's its portals.

•••• 116 FORESTRY LEA. VES Alu111ni Directory

RANGER'S COURSE 1912 Cenabre, Agapito L. Lopez, Melecio Dacanay, Placido t Madrid, Edilberto Amarillas, Fernando t Duran, Jesus 0. Mallonga, Angel C. Angeles, Agustin P.t Edmilao, Emeterio t Manzano, Tomas Barros, Cayetano Fajatin, Felipe Mendoza, Deogracias Contreras, Aquilino Gangan, Pedro Resultan, Enrique Domingo, Damian Guerrero, Carlos Rola, Francisco t Fajardo, Ramon Hsia, Chin Shi t Roque, Benito L.t Ferrariz, Ceferino t Kapuno, Filemon Salas, Jose Blas Franco, Felix Labitag, Gregorio J. Serrano, Luis Leano, Eladio C. Larracas, Ramon t Shi Ping Chi Mesa, Alejandro de t Martinez, Antonio Tan Ti Shen Miranda, Donato P.t Mayor, Pacifico F. Versoza, Juan S. Munasque, Cruz t Natividad, Peregin Pascual, Y smael Oliveros, Severo Racelis, Antonio P.t Pascual, Justo M. 1917 Rendal, Bernardo Razon, Maximiano t Tamesis, Florencio Afalla. Pedro A. t Riego de Dios, Gorgonio Babao, Sixto t Roque, Tomas N. Baculi, Mauro 1913 Santos, Adriano V. Causing, Ptolomeot Abellanosa, Ricardo Tansioco, Crispino Colcol, Teodoro t Achacoso, Isabelo Tomeldan, Santiago t Cristobal, Braulio Atrebido, Numeriano t Valderama, Felipe Defensor, Vicente J.t Belen, Leon Villavicencio, Vitaliano N. Guieb, Bernabe t Cailipan, Catalino t Guzman, Deogracias t Cruz, Florencio t 1915 Laguio, Leonardo Fernandez, Rafael Laraya, Sixto Hirro, Jose B.t Amos, Felipe R. Legasoi, Nicanor t Leuterio, Eusebio t Bawan, Felix ·t Malana, Manuel M. Lomur.tad, Eustaquio Catalan, Juan Martelino, Pastor t Lopez, Ciriaco Ceballos, Vicente Montalvo, Manuel Looez, Juan t Franco, Leon C. t Ramirez, Inocencio Maceren, Felix Jurad:>, Mariano t Sajor, Valentin Maneja, Cecilio Lazaro, Jose t Santos, Nicanor E. Manu':!l, Fortunato t Mabesa, Calixto Simeon, Macario Nano, Jose F. Mariano, Macario A. Tomeldan, Perfecto Nave, Eleuterio Miras, Gregorio Villaflor, Vicente Oro, Maximo Pacis, Jose G. Penas, Nazario Pena, Pastor de la t Ponce, Severo S.t Samonte, Antonio 1918 Recio, Eulogio t Sandique, Julian Abarro, Domingo Reyes, Luis J. Soong, Ding Moo Amor, Roman Sabino, Rufino Sulit, Carlos Arizabal, Gregorio J. San Buenaventura, Porfirio Tecson, Teodoro t "Baltazar, Alejandro Soriano, Doroteo Tocmo, Bernardo t Cruz, Eugenio de la Suyat, Apolinario t Victorio, Urbano Damo, Ambrosio Tabat, Evaristo Villanueva, Provo T. David, Aniano Valencia, Nurneriano Elumir, Gregorio t Velasco, Vieehte 1916 Flores, Jose G. Villamil, Aniceto Fo Huang Kuang Ablaza, Mauro t Quevedo, Felipe t 1914 Alviar, Enrique Reyes, Silvino t Azurin, Mamerto C.t Acuna, Ramon A. Rojas, Leon Babaran, Santiago Rondario, Maximino t Adduru, Marcelo Catalan, Nemesio Agama, Jose Salvosa, Felipe M. Catambay, Atanasio B. Soloria, Norberto Alejandro, Benigno t Daclison, Juliano t Baldemor, Julio t Tupas, Manuel Fernandez, Maximo E. Valdez, Jose t Cardona, Fra~cisco t Guerrero, Joaquin Castillo, Mariano 0. Villanueva, Alberto Guzman, Lorenzo de Zosa, Vicente t Castillo, Vicente Li Shen Tuan t-deceased

Moving~Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page UT 1919 Estrada, Joaquin t Valdez, Adriano Florita, Prudencio Yutoc, Melencio Aduviso, Pedro Gimeno, Pedro Aguilar, Luis Icaraiigal, Primo t 1925 Andrada, Juan C. Jucaban, Felix Abella, Ceferino S. Barros, Alberto Lara, Victor t Antonio, Leandro A. Caguioa, Vicente Lemos, Andres Buhay, Ricardo t Corales, Juan Masias, Andres t Cabiling, Rafael t Cruz, Leoncio A. Mendoza, Nicolas t Castillo, Alfredo R. t Daproza, Juan Miguel, Cornelio Dayao, Leonardo Gellidon, Quintin Pacheco, Juan Durian, Juan Hsia David S. N.t Porcioncula, Aquilino Fernandez, Regino Logan, Jose B. Quidiila, H.afael Lagrimas, Martin Mabbayag, Felix Rabaya, Constantino Lardizabal, Agapito Mataya, Ramon t Raboy, Tomas Mencio, Jose B. Parras, Vicente Salomon, Pio L. Miguel, lsabelo Quimpo, Timoteo U darbe, Marcelo L. Pascua, Agustin Salazar, Angel t Umadhay, Pablo Pura, Amado San Pedro, Rafael t Viado, Balbino Reves Dalmacio t Selorio, Getulio t Reyes, Rafael de los t Valentin, Pedro 1923 Sales, Julio G. Vega, Pioquinto de la t Simbajon, Tiburcio Agaloos, Pedro t Tomboc, Jose 1920 Alviar, Hermenegildo Torrea, Lucilo Antonio, Doroteo t Acenas, Juan Arafiles, Ricardo 1926 Adona, Luis Bitonio, Ambrosio Agullana, Basilio Asiddao, Florencio Brillantes, Buenaventura t Alomajan, Jose t Curameng, Amando t Cauagas, Ignacio Aquino, Sulpicio t Fontanoza, Juan t Cortes Roberto Basconcillo, Marciano Galisim, Ambrosio t Daza, Raymundo Bisuiia, Bernardo Lee Nien Sung Eugenio, Miguel A. Croox, Delfin t Lin Yien Ying Evangelista, Basilio Dayag, Alfonso t Lizardo, Leonor Flores, Fausto t Dumlao, Pablo L. Logan, Lorenzo Genove, Marcelino Enrique, Benigno Medrano, Celso Guerrero, Faustino A. Galan, Victorio Montero, Pedro Melegrito, Fortunato Paz, Januario de t Oblina, Juan t Orolfo, Pastor Ponce, Guillermo Pato, Miguel Rola, Cecilio t Pulido, Telesforo Perez, Bonifacio Ruiz, Quirino Roca, Jose t Rarang, Gervasio Suarez, Valeriano Rondilla, Ramon Rebong, Leoncio Sulit, Aniceto t Sabalo, Celestino Siriban, Francisco Tabamo, Geronimo t Salvilla, Roman Songco, Florencio Vega, Primitivo de la Soriano, Wenceslao Tin Me Hai Willie, Saquiapao Tabbang, Abraham t Versoza, Florentino Zambrano, Zoilo A.t Ulep, Nicolas Valdez, Andres 1921 1924 Vedad, Vicente Abalos, Lucio Abijay, Francisco 1927 Allas, Daniel B. Antonio, Fabian t Acosta, Francisco A.t Bautista, Hermenegildo t Banez, Emilip Aviguetero, Victoriano B.t Dagang, Gregorio L. Colinares, Clemente Barte, Canuto O.t Granada, Leonardo F.t Cruz, Vicente de la Berbano, Santiago A. Gomez, Celestino Delizo, Teodoro Bucaycay, Osencio Macaraeg, Cayetano Dumlao, Alfredo Claveria, Jose P. Makil, Jose D. Galenzoga, Mariano Cle:rr:cnte, Perfecto G.t Montero, Simon t Guerrero, Martin Doza, Luis C. Poblacion, Gregorio Guillen, Gabriel Esguerra, Pastor Quiaoit, Antonio t Jundak, Castor Espinas, Anacleto B. Seguerra, Justino t Loyola, Estanislao Espiritu, Arsenio G. Sulit, Mamerto D. Miranda, Jorge Faustino, Dominador G. Tugade, Magdaleno Orillo, Gregorio t Garcia, Anselmo A. Zamuco, Gregorio Pascual, Gabriel t Gobuyan, Vicente Ramel, Domingo P. Guyguyon, Jack M. 1922 Sabado, Sabas t Mercado, Casimiro P. Adamos, Perfecto t Santos, Calixto Perez, Antonio V.t Apostol, Lamberto Santos, Pantaleon J. Principe, Jose D. Batica, Luis t Semilla, Valentin, Jr. Rasul, Abdul Patta t Denoga, Norberto Seneca, Jose Santos, Narciso C. Diaz, Lorenzo D. Tamayo, Gerardo B. Serevo, Tiburcio S. Dres, Eulogio Tongco, Conrado Tamayo, Mariano A.

.... 118 FORESTRY LEAVES 1928 Ledesma, Santiago A. Rivera, Remigio P. Mabesa, Juan S. Selga, Nicanor 0. Alfamirano, Gil M.t Malacoco, Evangelino t Utleg, Juan L. Balanon, Evangelista B. Malibiran, Eufrasio Valenzuela, Patricio Baluyot, Ambrosio M. Manalo, Tomas Valera, Federico V. Bello, Concepcion t Manuel, Marcelo Valera, Jose V.t Brillantes, Demetrio Mapiscay, Pablo T.t Valera, Pedro B.t Bucoy, Macario Mariano, Cipriano S.t Velasco, Domingo C. t Cabrera, Cenon M. Mella, Leocadio B.t Viste, Esperidion B. Chunuan, Teofilo Regondola, Segundino Yadao, Fausto P. Cuasay, Alejandro L.t Solsona, Floro A. Daoey, Mark Tuting, Manuel L. 1933 Ellazar, Narciso G. Villanueva, Mamerto M. Abuan, Maximino E. Espanola, Delfin P. Yap-Diangco, Vicente Acenas, Calixto Felix, Maximo G. Zablan, Dalmacio A. Agcaoili, Faustino Gibson, Adriano T. Aguinaldo, Felicisimo Gray, Rosendo M. 1931 Aguto, Cornelio Ilustrisimo, Juanito S. Abellera, Pedro C.t Alinabon, Apolonio Juson, Salvador Abiog, Bruno Anonuevo, Leonardo E.t Ladia, Onofre t Aller, Arsenio B. Aquino, Roman R. t Lalog, Nicanor P.t Amon, Leoncio Araneta, Teodoro Mendoza, Demetrio R. Andrada, Cirilo Baja, Honorato Miguel, Angel F. : Anulao, Eusebio P. Bautista, Ariston G. Salvosa, Jose R. Arana, Augusto R. de t Bersamira, Jose V. Sim, Esteban S. Bayle, Rafael Biscarra, Jose V.t Villamater, Jose D.t Cagall\_wan, Pedro Carrlinez, Hermogenes t Weinmann, Bernard Canete, Genovevo t Cortes, Jose M. Yolores, Bernardo R. Carino, Vicente A.t Datoon, Doroteo D.t Doroin, Regino Davocol, Baldomero 1929 Guzman, Domingo S. Difuntorum, Pedro R. Arce, Pedro J uni, Deogracias Estrella, Ricardo T.t Barrios, Primitivo Lansigan, Nicolas P. Etcubanas, Monico T. Busque, Jose Lascano, Felipe L.t Felix, Gaudencio L. Cuenco, Antonio Madarang, Antonio V.t Fontanilla, Luis R. Dagiigalan, Arsenio Marquez, Vicente Go, Gavino Danez, Irineo t Mole, Antonio Gubatan, Nemesio Duenas, Irineo Ongchangco, ·Bayani Lacza, Antonio Q. Estabillo, Nicolas 0. Rubiano, Jose D. Layus, Pedro R. Fernandez, Epifanio B. Salinas, Gregorio Lim, Diego Hill, Eduardo M. Santos, Gregorio L. Mar:zano Toribio V. Lagaya, Alfredo A. Sulit Amado A. Marcelo, Hipolito B. Libadia, Braulio Versoza, Manuel F. Marquez, Hermogenes Luczon, Cornelio Viado, Jose B. Milan, Mariano t Madlangbayan, Eugenio Yjares, Inocente Mondragon, Crispin Malaggay, Teodoro Zambrano, Rufino Z.t Monsalud Epifanio R.t Montillo, Gavino P. Morao, Santiago R. Nablo, Severino U. 1932 Narciso, Policarpio S. Payumo, Francisco A. Acedo, Pedro L. Olay, Rufino P. Rayos, Jose A. Ar•1gones, Francisco P. Palos, Bonifacio A. Santos, Salvador S. t Balajadia., Deogracias Pascua, Fernando A. Tuano, Lorenzo S. t Banahan, Federico F. Perez, Cristobal P. Ulangkaya, Ebad Barona, Prudencio B. Reyes, Maximino R. Bayle, Higino P.t San Pedro, Pedro Belmonte, Mariano Sibuma, Bernardo V. 1930 Blancas, Victoria:qo U. Uranza, Luis A. Agaloos, Vicente A. Calip, Jose E. Urquiola, Juliano V. Alcantara, Urbano Camero, Melquiades t Victa, Mateo C. Alojipan, Eligio Cebedo, Barbio Y sit, Francisco t Andrada, Jose R. Figuracion, Santiago Ariola, Ciriaco A. Fortes, Pedro O.t 1934 Asagra, Pedro B. Garduque, Bernardo Aquino, Jose D. Caayupan, Magdaleno Genio, Alfredo L. Asuncion, Alfredo R. Caccam, Daniel R.t Gojar, Jose G. Balaton, Valentin M. Catindig, Brigido Hernandez, Anacleto A. Barona, Felipe B. Chinte, Felix 0. Insigne, Magno Benavidez, Regalado B. Contreras, Leonardo Jastive, Alvaro G. Bersamin, Constante Cunanan, Carlos D. Labasay, Laureano Biscarra, Julio T. Dolendo, Domiciano M.t Leon, Domingo A. de Bolante, Pablo A. Fajatin, Tomas M.t Morona, Loreto G. Bringas, Jesus C. Flores, Casimiro S. Paa, Ramon Caayupan, Vicente F.t Leano, Celestino M. Reyes, Aproniano Q. Capili, Eleno C.

Moving-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 119 Carbone!, Filomeno V. Saura, Adriano E. 1952 Castro, Estefanio R. Sevilla, Teotimo S. Castro, Marcelino R. Sontillano, Librado S. Agustin, Pedro S. Chica, Pedro Y. Tabion, Leonardo B.t Alop, Jose B. Cosico, Artemio B. Velasco, Eustacio S. Barrer, Feliciano V. Crispin, j osefino A. Viado, Lorenzo T. Bernardo, Justino B. Cuesta, Herminio de la Villacarillo, Valentin A. Bucnaflor, Silvestre B. Ergino, Valerio 0. Viray, Pablo R. Cimatu, Domingo P. Estaniel, Antonio P. Ybanez, Justino A. Cruz, Damaso F. de la Fajardo, Valentin M. Zalun, Eustaquio Estoque, Hipolito O. Furigay, Salvador Ganapin, Delfin G. Galera, Emilio A. 1936 Gonzales, Jose A. Garcia, Lorenzo A. Gonzales, Urbano G. Genio, Artemio A. Garduque, Eulalio C. Jasmin, Bernardo B. Guillermo, Valentin B. Lasam, Damian M. Lucero, Alfonso A. Guirnela, Floreno J. Mong, Tunga T. Madrid, Filemon J uni, Rosales A. Navallasca, Rafael Marin, Enrique T. Lopez, Martin P. Milan, Francisco D. Luna, Julio P. de 1948 Navarro, Lauro D. Ountia, Julio G.t Medenilla, Pablo B. Alabazo, Jose C. Micu, Federico O. Astudillo, Resurreccion Pollisco, Feliberto S. N acario, Narciso C. Llapitan, Eduardo A. Ramirez, ViceJlte A. Odanga, Francisco l). Rivera, Enrique E. Micu, Carlomagno A. Sagrado, Maximo J. Orbigo, Norberto Roy, Fernando A. Parado, Froilan B. Santos, Rosauro S. Pascual, Andres B. 1949 Serrano, David Ravelo, Juan R. Sivila, Hilario S. Recto, Caesar Angelo, Sixto B. Soliven, Marcelo V. Reyes, Martin R. Antonio, Doroteo U., Jr. Soria, Radigundo A. Rimando, Paciano R. Aquino, Enrique D. Tamis, Epifanio L. Sequerra, Antonio t Caleda, Artemio A. Tiam, Alfonso I. t Taeza, Bernardino T. Estrada, Deogracias A. Urbano, Marcelo J. Taliwaga, Bernabe Y. Lantican, Domingo M. Vergara, Napoleon T. Torres, Honesto V. Mabesa, Edgardo O. Versoza, Celso N. Vargas, Carlos 0. Salvador, Pedro B. Vega, Cipriano de la Santos, Tito C. de los 1953 Versola, Pio A. Siapno, Isidoro B. Tagudar, Eulogio T. Acosta, Raymundo P. VaMerrama, Osiris M. Agaceta, Camilo E. 1935 Agaloos, Bernardo C. Afalla. Resurrecion E.t 1950 Batoon, Benjamin M. Andres, Primo P. Battad, Meliton T. Barona, Eustaquio B. Agbayani, Wenceslao Bautista, Pelagio D. Barros, Francisco B. Agruda, .Francisco A. Jr. Borre, Calvin R. Bautista, Sergio M.t Ballesteros, Juan S. Burgos, Bernardo L., Jr. Bayabos, Constante Corpuz, Florencio M. Cabanday, Artemio C. Borja, Bernardo T. Diasanta, Amando D. Cabebe, Pablo S. Borja, Joaquin B. Eusebio Mario A. Caneda, Generosa F. Cabuling, Patricio C. Francia, Faustino C. Cardenas, Conrado L. Espejo, Patricio Q.t Meimban, Julian R., Jr. Corpuz, Edmundo A. Ferrer, Florentino Orbita, Alfredo B. Dacumos, Cresenciano Q. Gomez, George C. Sardina, Amado C. Fabian, Virgilio R.t Jacinto, Luciano D.t Sario, Inocencio H. Falloran, Geronimo P. Jimenez, Jose V. Tadena, Jesus R. Flores, Francisco M.t Juinio, Ambrosio D. Garcia, Hari Macabeo, Marcelino 1951 Gulle, Marciano E. Madamba, Feliciano t Almonte, Benjamin D. Gutierrez, Ernesto R. Madrid, Domingo J. Ardieta, Rodrigo R. Ingosan, Douglas L. Mancao, Maximo B. Avellano, Julian L. Jucaban, Santos M. Marinas, Felipe V. Balcita, Brigido B. J apson, Basilio Mejia, Aurelio S. Cruz, Jose A. Leal, Ascencion L. Menchavez, Sinforiano R.t Esteves, Honorato D. Mandocdoc, Gabriel L. Nobleza, Luis G. Galutira, Ciriaco A. Mangantulao, Ernesto B. Oc'lmpo, Benito R. t Guerrero, Urbano Mauric~o, Florencio P. Orden, Tranquilino Jr. Leproso, Moises R. Miras, Roman B. Parado, Domingo D.t Mabanag, Francis S. Obay, Eufemio E. Punzalan, Marcelino E. Meniado, Jose A. Pagaduan, Fernando M. Rico, Joset Pascua, Emilio R. Paterno, Luis E. Rocamora, Sergio D. Reyes, Constancio F. Peralta, Mariano R. Sabado, Rufino A. Serna, Cirilo B. Pinalba, Salui;tiano 0. Salazar, Pedro C. Siruno, Perfecto S. Reyes, Bartolome R. Salvoza, Cenon M. Turqueza, Alejandro , Reyes, Pedro C.

...... 120 FORESTRY LEAVES Rodulfa, Emeterio V. Tobias, lsabelo Jr. C. Bautista, Inocencio G. Rojas, David M. Tobias, Modesto T. Baysa, Andres A. Sunico, Emiliano S. Tolentino, Tomas B. Blando, Andres C. Supnet, Prudencio S. Tomas, Jose C. Bote, Roberto P. Tandingan, Geronimo L. Tosco, Catalino F. Bote, Teodora P. Udaundo, Zcilo L. Borre, Arnaldo R. 1954 Urbanozo, Dionisio C. Caday, Esteban S. Valera, Mariano Z. Calabia, Benson A. Abraham, Felipe B., Jr. Yadao, Filamor M. Camacho, Serafin A. Agbisit, Candido T. Castillo, Romulo A. del Alegre, Simplicio S., Jr. 1956 Castillo, Simplicio T. Antonio, Victorio C. Castillon, Aldrico A. Ayuban, Ernesto S. Aborka, Alberto P. Cebuano, Pedro B. Babiera, Tito S. Amihan, Jessie B. Diaz, Dante G. Baggayan, Rogelio B. And~lis, Sofronio A. Domingo, lreneo L. Batoon, George T. Angeles, Leonardo D. Enriquez, Dominador Bugarin, Jone L. Anuma, Roberto K. Fabian, Elpidio R. Canave, Modesto O. Aspiras, Elpidio D. Federico, Manuel G. Espiritu, Roberto G. Baniqued, Jose 0. Flores, Alfredo M. Eugenio, Alfn:do A. Briones, Jaime C. Flores, Vicenta F. Halasan, Trifon M. Capili, Alberto B. Flotildes, Pompeyo V. Ilaf?'in, Jose Castriciones, Juan T. Galang, Manuel B. Ladero, Victoriano V. Cuadra, Helano P. Galapia, Pedro S. Malvas, Jose D., Jr. Cubero, Ruben P. Galutera, Ruben E. Martinez, Narciso P. Ellazar, Magdaleno B. Gerardo, Julita A. Marvil, Jose M. Esber, Aquiles G. Gonzales, David C. Noriel, Resurreccion J. Esber, Gayred G. Guadalupe, Nicolas R. Oriel, Alfonso L. Felix, Remedios E. Guillen, Gabriel Jr. A. Palacay, Leopoldo G. Fontanoza, Manolo V. Guzman, Enriquito D. de Quimbo, Lucio L. Francia, Gregorio P., Jr. Guzman, Gildo G. de Reyes, Eufracio L. Francisco, Apolo B. Liganor, Ricardo T. Sarinas, Prajedio S. Galam, Adolfo L. Lorenzo, Zoilo G. Tadle, Josue F. Galang, Gonzalo M. Mabesa, Benjamin C. Tomas, Flordelino M. Lamanilao.. Juanito D. Martin, Ricarte A. Valdez, Romeo S. Lazo, Aejandro P. Molina, Severino B. Jr. Visperas, Emigdio B. Lazo, Pedro P. Mordeno, Angelo G. Mangadap, Saturnio L. Narciso, Policarpio Jr. M. 1955 Mejia, Isabelo M. Pauig, Roger G. Menor, Venancio A. Agpawa, Herman A. Pobre, Marceliano A. Orallo, Juan L. Ponce, Saturnino A. Antonio, Marciano B. Paet, Eustaquio M. Araojo, Loreto N. Poquiz, Andres M. Pareja, Bernardo L. Quiray, Segundino J. Arcangel, Fortunato S. Peig, Florencio Q. Bernardo, Anacleto B. Quitoles, Rodolfo M. Ramos, Dalmacio C., Jr. Raiz, Robinson A. Camacho, Juanito A Rendorio, Francisco C. Caronan, Avelino C. Reprado, Benedicto T. Romero, Jose C., Jr. Reyes, Tomas S. Columbres, Epifanio L. Salvador, Petronilo T., Jr. Cortes, Edmundo V. Rivera, Artemio J. Serrantes, Isidro M. Rodrigo, Wilfredo T. Cuenca, Hermetes 'l'. Tabangil, Siegfred U. Empedrad, Francisco Seraspi, Elias Jr. R. Tongacan, Arsenio L. Solarta, Francisco M. Eusebio, Teodoro V. Ulangkaya, Romeo U. Garnica, Florencio A. Tagorda, Jose Jr. R. Vedad, Azuero T. Tesoro, .Florentino 0. Goze, Rosalio B. Veracion, Vicente P. Gumayagay, Julian T. Tolentino, Melchor G. Villaflor, Armando A. Torre, Samuel F. Lagura, Damian B. Wandisan, Carlos L. Lizardo, Antonio M. Tullas, Antonio Jr. P. Llena, Herminio A. Valdez, Cresencio C. Lomibao, Benigno A. 1 9 5 7 Villarino, Antonio C. Lubrin, Andres C. Abadilla, Francisco C. Zamuco, Isidro T. Mariano, Angel A. Ablaza, Juan Padrones, Conrado P., Jr. Abraham, Emerson B. 1 9 5 8 Paragas, Bienvenido G. Abugan, Eddie D. Acain, Jose Picardo, Alberto C. Acosta, Roy C. Acosta, Restituto Pintor, Alfredo D. Aggabao, Policronio G. Agleam, Romeo B. Ragus, Patrocinio S. Agpaoa, Alfredo C. Arellano, Laurentino R. Retino, Carlos R. Agra, Melecio S. Arevalo, Bienvenido C. Sana, Macario S. Alcos, Augusto L. Baliquig, Angelico Sanchez, Alfredo V. Bacdayan, Andrew W. Balod, Marcelo Jr. Sison, Anastacio B. Baliton, Sixto A. Barcarse, Bienvenido A. Soriano, Victoriano P. Banaag, Valeriano S. Battung, Benito C. Sumabat, Pelagio T. Barlicos, Manuel G. Buenaflor, Felipe D. Tan, Quirico D. Batcagan, Sabado T. Busa, Napoleon D.

MOYing-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Page 121 Cajucom, Edilberto Z. Lechoncito, Jose L. Rosario, Emilio A. Cadelina, Oscar B. Lee,· Lucio 0. Rufo, Avelino Q. Calija, Felipe T. Lindayen, Teofilo Salazar, Corazon L. Chavez, Eugenio Mulato, Nicasio N. Sardina, Flaviano G. Collai!o, Paulino G. Najera, Felizardo Somera, Ruperto P. Decena, Adolfo S. Orantia, Elias A. Tagorda, Jose F. Esperanzate, Orlando A. Palacay, Federico Valdestamon, Jaime V. Esteban, Isidro D. Parilla, Carlito Valdez, Angelino P. Farrales, Mariano D. Pastores, Domingo B. Valerio, Romulo R. Gabot, Victorino Rimbon, Adela Villanueva, Adolfo I. Gonzales, Rogelio Rodulfa, Cayetano Zapanta, Vicente A. Lacerona, Fernando A. Rojo, Justo P.

Bachelor of Science in Forestry

1915 Enrique, Benigno 1937 Villamil, Aniceto Fontanilla, Florentino Galgala, Tomas Asiddao, Florencio Guerrero, Martin Bautista, Sergio M.t 1916 Galsim, Ambrosio t Rarelis, Antonio P.t Ilustrisimo, Juanito S. Madrid, Edilberto Lalog, Nicanor P.t 1923 Marababol, Vicente R. Lizardo, Leonor Miras, Gregorio Menchavez, Sinforiano A. Nano, Jose F. Montillo, Gavino P. Mendoza, Demetrio R. Paz, Januario de t Miranda, Jorge 1928 Qiaoit. Antonio t Paa, Nicomedes F. Cenabre, Agapito L. Reyes, Felipe R. Pato, Miguel Lopez, Juan t Sales, Julio Punzalan, Marcelino -!:. Mariano, Macario A. Santos, Saivador S. t Quimpo, Timoteo Roque, Tomas N. Soriano, Emilio A. Rico, Jose M. t Varian, Harry F. Sabado, Rufino A. 1929 Versoza, Lorenzo F. Santos, Calixto Achacoso, Isabelo Sontillano, Librado S. Ponce, Severo S.t Suprichakorn, Therd Santos, Adriano V. 1935 (Springer, Augustine T.) Suarez, Valeriano 1930 Aguinaldo, Felicisimo Tabion, Leonardo B. Aquir.o, Roman R.t Velasco, Eustacio S. Tabat, Evaristo Azurin, Mamerto C.t Versoza, Florentino Cagalawan, Pedro Viado, Lorenzo T. 1931 Cristobal, Braulio Viray, Pablo R. Datoon, Doroteo D.t Castillo, Vicente Datoon, Jose T. Soriano, Doroteo Denoga, Norberto 1938 Espinosa, Longinos M. Allas, Daniel B. 1932 Ferreria, Catalino Q. Bala, Regulo D. Oliveros, Severo Go, Gavino Berbano, Santiago S. Parras, Vicente Guzman, Emiliano Blando, Benjamin B. San Buenaventura, Porfirio Lopez, Melecio Brillantes, Demetrio Sulit, Mamerto D. Perez, Cristobal P. Cepeda, Teodorico B. Versoza, Juan S. Reyes, Alfredo de los Dueiias, Santos E. Lantion, Daniel B. 1933 Lim, Buenaventura N. 1936 Macaraeg, Cayetano Barros, Alberto Catambay, Atanacio B. Manalo, Tomas J. Buhay, Ricardo t Elayda, Emmanuel · A. Navallasca, Rafael Dumlao, Pablo L. Pascual, Andres B. Gellidon, Quintin Garcia, Loreno A. t Genio, Artemio A. Rebosura, Higino D. Seguerra, Justino t Gobuyan, Vicente G. Ricarte, Leoncio R. t Mabbayag, Felix Severo, Tiburcio S. 1934 Madrid, Domingo J. Tamayo, Ernesto G. Acuna, Ramon A. Poblacion, Gregorio Tandoc, Nazario 'Z. Altamirano, Gil M.t Ponce, Guillermo Viado, Jose B. Atmosfera, Fernando Rima:qdo, Paciano R. Caatillo, Alfredo R.t San Pedro, Rafael t NON-GRADUATES: Cuico, Engracio A.t Taliwaga, Bernabe Y. Basuil, Pulcrado Daclison, Juliano t Vargas, Carlos 0. Capellan, Nestor Defensor, Vicente J.t Verendia, Conrado P. Quevedo, Eusebio Delizo, Teodoro Weinmann, Bernard San Luis, Mario F.

Page 122 FORESTRY LEA va Simon, Pedro t Calabas, Arcadio V. Misamis, Segundo Singson, Manuel P. Capili, Eliseo T. Ordinario, Benjamin Tremor, Alejandro T. Cauilan, Getulio L.t Flores, Felix F. 1943 Franco, Andres A. 1939 Galindo, Primitivo D. Eusebio, Pablo A. Aguilar, Luis Germise, Felicisimo t Oro, Maximo Antonio, Fabian t Hambananda, Pit NON-GRADUATES: Belesario, Santos B. Hernandez, Anacleto Baguinon, Wenceslao Cabrido, Faustino S. Jesus, Justino de Cabotaje, Luis C. Cruz, Vicente de la Lansigan, Nicolas P. Castaiieto, Rafael A. Esperanza, Vicente C. Nablo, Severino U. Esmade, Feliciano S. Ibarra, Pastor 0. Naraballabha, Vallabha Mesa, Gregorio Laudencia, Calixto M.t Peralta, Joaquin D. Rodrigo~ Florentino M. Mallonga, Angel C. Quejas, Conrado P. Merin, J uanito R. Santos, Bienvenido de los t 1944 Pascua, Irineo R. Sumabat, Ambrosio P. Pillai, Nicalanta Kessava Turiiigan, Miguel R. Balasoto, Lorenzo B. Ramirez, Inocencio Vadil, Daniel A. Bonilla, Luciano A.t Rodriguez, Juan C. Valera, Roman B. Castillo, Alejandro Ruiz, Quirino Juan, Gaudencio P. Santos, Teofilo A. NON-GRADUATES: NON-GRADUATES: Sison, Francisco N. Aganad, Pedro Dominguiano Clodualdo D. Sonico, Emiliano Agudo, Toribio P. Vadil, Cipriano M. Ampeso, Alberto 1946 Y olores, Bernardo R. Araneta, Lorenzo Zumel, Bernabe S. Bobon, Ricardo Chinte, Felix 0. Burgos, Jesus B.t Maun, Marcelino M. NON-GRADUATES: Buyao, Francisco V. Micu, Natalio Banayat, Patricio A. Caguioa, Ramon P.t Natonton, Jesus Bandian, Ulpiano L. Castillo, Inocencio Dumayas, Casiano D. Dacanay, Luis G. 1947 Fortich, Samuel R. Esteves, Abundo A. Azurin, Arsenio C. Gimentera, Jose Melchor, Cipriano Banzue!a, Nestor A. Kiocho, Narciso Ordinario, Buenaventura M. Baysa, Manuel T. Lampoon, Rathadara Parado, Geronimo O.t Tamolang, Francisco N. Macasa, Oscar t Pulanco, Emilio 0. Rosales, Justo Queturas, Rafael 1948 Salvador, Andres Salgado, Maximo B. Teodoro, Diogenes R.t Bermillo, Tomas F. Trinidad, Jesus t Borillo, Angel A. 1940 Tunque, Domingo G.t Clemente, Genaro M. Calija, Santiago t Valera, Rotiman Cortes, Manuel P. Cerna, Policarpo de la Esteban, Eusebio C. Dagondon, Democrito L. Fabia, Marcelino P. Dologuin, Felix C. 1942 Gamboa, Teofilo L. Estillore, Florentino E. Abijay, Francisco Guzman, Manuel M. de Garcia, Mario Banihjatana, Dusit Thongkrob Maon, Hermogenes D. Lampoon, Phatana Na Bisalbutra, Parakich Vudh Nastor, Monico N. Manahan, Mamerto C. Borja, Alejandro S. Ompad, Lucio S. Mendez, Conrado B. Chan, H uadsuvan Ordonez, Orlando Pascua, Agustin Faustino, Dominador G. Serquiiia, Buenaventura G. Perez, Cenon A. Fernandez, Epifanio B. Villanueva, Mamerto M. Quidilla, Rafael Jucaban, Felix Zamuco, Bartolome E. Siriban, Francisco Malapaya, Ruperto A.t Sulit, Mario Me.hudhon, Saneh t NON-GRADUATES: Tiongson, Crisostomo E. N araballabha, Bhitchara Makil, Jose V aldepeiias, Carlos Ocampo, Sotero de Cac, Mariano Villanueva, Juanito B. Rimando, Constancio T. Rombaoa, Pablo 0. Utleg, Juan L. NON-GRADUATES: Zambrano, Rufino Z.t 1949 Aglugub, Leon I. Cabiles, Justiniano NON-GRADUATES: Allado, Adolfo E. Gamayon, Policarpo Bigornia, Santos Arellano, Cirilo A. Pimentel, Juan C. Bonc>ato, Angel C. Bacena, Maeario R. Costales, Ildefonso U. Basconcillo, Marciano B. Elpa, Agelico B.t Bersamira, Jose B. 1941 Elpa, Jose B. Claveria, Jose R. Anastacio, Oscar A.. Gapero, Eulogio Diaz, Lorenzo Astudillo, Jose V. Gu&zon, Benjamin Fabro, Rodrigo C. Barnachea, Cosme P. Manioang, Jose J uni, Rosales Batuyong, Teodoro T. Manzano, Resurreccion t Marcelo, Hipolito B.

MoYing-Up Day Issue, March, 1959 Poge 123 Miguel, Angel F. 1952 Llapitan, Eduardo A. Ramirez, Domingo 0. Malvas, Jose D., Jr. Recto, Caesar Eusebio, Mario A. Mauricio, Florencio P. Viado, Hilarion B. Fernandez, Segundo P. Francia, Faustino C. 1956 1950 Gautane, Feliciano B. Leon, Domingo A. de Abraham, Felipe B., Jr. Alabazo, Jose C. Malacoco, Evangelino F. Alegre, Simplicio S., Jr. Alojipan, Eligio Mejia, Aurelio S. Baggayan, Rogelio B. Balanon, Evangelista B. Orden, Tranquilino R., Jr. Balcita, Brigido B. Balbuena, Delfin Reyes, Ma1tin R. Batoon, George T. Cunanan, Carlos Tadeo, Conrado B. Caneda, Generosa F. Dotimas, Victor L. Champhaka, Udhai Embernate, Isidro ·P. Columbres, Epifanio L. Garcia, Anselmo 1953 Empedrad, Francisco A. Jacalne, Domingo V. Almonte, Benjamin D. Eugenio, Alfredo A. Lagrimas, Martin Q. Ardieta, Rodrigo R. Galinato, Primitivo Morona, Loreto G. Avellano, Julian L. Galo, Juan B. Munoz, Mariano A. Cruz, Jose A. Guile, Marciano N anagas, Filemon Esteves, Honorato D. Ilagan, Jose M. Rivera, Remigio P. Galutira, Ciriaco A. Kittinanda, Som Pherm Rodriguez, Leonidas B. Genio, Alfredo L. Lomibao, Benigno A. Roy, Fernando A. Harnsongkram, l;!uthi Pollisco, Filiberto S. Santos, Enrique K. Juinio, Ambrosio J. Serrantes, Isidro M. Santos, Gregori() L. Macabeo, Marcelino E. Tadle, Josue F. Siapno, Isidro B. Marin, Enrique T. Valbuena, Rodrigo • Prakongsai, Likhit Viste, Esperidion B. Reyes, Constancio F. 1 9 5 7 1951 Sagrado, Maximo J. Esber, Aquiles G. Serna, Cirilo Meniado, Jose A. Andres, Primo P. Siruno, Francisco S. Milan, Francisco D. Antonio, Dorotea U. Pachotikarn, Somphong Ballesteros, Juan S. 1954 Pareja, Bernardo L. Caleda, Artemio A. Prichananda, Chongrak Calip, Jose E. Agaloos, Bernardo C. Sabhasri, Boonsong Corpuz, Victorino M. Jasmin, Bernardo B. Sindhipongsa, Thaew Diasanta, Amando D. Meimban, Julian R., Jr. Estrada, Deogracias A. Rodrigo, Buenaventura B. J uni, Deogracias Santos, Rosauro R. 1 9 5 8 Lantican, Domingo M. Vergara, Napoleon T. Lopez, Martin P. Angeles, Leonardo D. Luczon, Cornelio U. Amihan, Jessie B. Mabesa, Edgardo 0. 1955 Lamanilao, Juanita D. Narciso, Policarpio S. Aganidad, Kaspa lngosan, Douglas L. Salvador, Pedro S. Alconcel, Melanio S. Krishnamra, Judha Santos, Tito C. de los Arayasastra, Patived Narciso, Policarpio Jr. M. Sardina, Amado C. Batoon, Benjamin M. Quimbo, Lucio L. Sario, lnocenio H. Battad, Meliton T. Tobias, Modesto T. Tadena, Jesus R. Bautista, Pelagio Tongacan, Arsenio L. Tagudar, Eulogio T. Burgos, Bernnrdo Jr., L. U dom, Krachangros Valderrama, Osiris M. Cabanday, Artemio C. Veracion, Vicente t>.

Fellow Alumni! . Help us keep the Forestry Leaves ever green by subscribing to this only organ of the Alumni and Student Body. Subscription Rates: Six (P6.00) Pesos a year. Reprints of the "Golden Jubilee Sympo­ sium on Forestry and Forest Conservation," and the Alumni Directory, the brochure: "A career In Forestry .... for You?" are available. In case you are interested to have a copy, address communications to the Business Manager, Forestry Le av e s c/o College of Forestry, U.P. College, La­ guna. The Maki.ling National Park Gate

Page 124 FORESTRY LEAVES Compliments of NASIPIT LUMBER COMPANY, INC. ANAKAN LUMBER COMPANY AGUSAN TIMBER CORPORATION ASSOCIATED PULP AND PAPER CO., INC. PRODUCERS * MANUFACTURERS * EXPORTERS Philippine Mahogany logs and lumber creosoted lumber, poles and pilings KILN DRIED & Pressure treated lumber Members: Philippine Lumber Producers' Association, Inc. 2-92-50 Main Offices: Tels. 2-99-83 3rd Floor 2-69-66 Fernandez Hnos. Bldg. 205 Juan Luna, Manila PHILIPPINE WA D CORPORATION

Main Office: ' Sales Division: R-311 Maritime Bldg. R-203 Maritime Bldg. 119 Dasmariii.a11, Manila 119 Dasmariii.as, Manila Tels. 2-69-66, L-24 Tels. 2-69-66, L-30 2-49-86, GT-3-749 • L-31; 2-99-63 • Sales Information ·Service: Cable Addreas: Jordan Pacific Co. "NASIPIT MANll.A" 444 Market Street "ANAKAN MANll.A" San Francisco 11 "LAWANIT MANILA" California, U.S.A.

PLYWOOD

is preferred by the discriminating and the pradical

ITA. CLA•A LUM•I• CO., INC • •...... ,.. ,..... , ..... I•••••••• el 1t•lll1tl"I•• •••••••' •...... ··-····· ., ...... ,...... 11e1 llCle•. te•ae. Ma•l&A •II&. 1••••11 ,,...,. __ • -..;.. ' t .

Above picture shows the Model TL-6 Traclcloader .i Aauinaldo Development Corp.

Mobile Equip111ent For Selective Logins

Bring down your logging production cost with Washington Trackloaders, Diesel Yarders & Heel Boem Loaders

Here is good news for you. The N asipit Lumber Co., with their 2 Model TL-15 Trackloaders, Bislig Bay Lumber Co., Inc., with their Model TL-15, and Model TL-6 Trackloaders, and the Aguinaldo Development Corporation, with their 3 Model Tir6 Trackloaders, working in conjum:tion with diesel yarders and tractors, bro\llht d~wn their logging cost of production to about P0.50 per cubic meter.

Ex.elusive distributors: THE EDWARD J. NELL COMPANY Anda corner Arzobispo St. P.O. Box 612 Intramuros. Manila TeL,.3-21-21