Animal Feed Manufacturing
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An Economic-Engineering Study of the Feed Manufacturing Industry
An economic-engineering study of the feed manufacturing industry of Montana by Kenneth Wayne Eubanks A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Agricultural Economics Montana State University © Copyright by Kenneth Wayne Eubanks (1962) Abstract: The State of Montana today is faced with the twin considerations of an abundant supply of barley and a large number of cattle. Further, the feed manufacturing industry has embarked on a general program of expansion. There is a possibility of greatly expanding the livestock feeding industry in Montana because of a growing, demand for finished livestock products in Montana and on the Pacific Coast. The general expansion of the feed manufacturing industry brings to focus three principal problems. The first problem is related to the supply of barley and the necessity of making an economical disposition thereof. This disposition can be made through increased feeding operations for livestock, and also, in the case of the Montana industry, for the wintering of cattle. Then secondly, the feed manufacturing industry needs to have available the necessary information concerning the location, size, and type of plant arrangement best suited to the State of Montana. Thirdly, there is a need to make available detailed cost information so that the managers of plants presently in operation in Montana may better judge the efficiencies of their own operations. Most managers of the feed mills possess only a rough approximation as to total cost and little or no information at all concerning the cost of production at the several stages along the production cycle. -
Fish Processing Wastes Used As Feed Ingredient for Animal Feed and Aquaculture Feed
Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 6(2) 55-64 2020 Fish processing wastes used as feed ingredient for animal feed and aquaculture feed Afreen M.1; Ucak I.1* Received: May 2019 Accepted: July 2019 Abstract: Fish wastes management has become a global problem from the last years. Dispose of seafood wastes cause environmental pollution. To overcome this issue these unwanted seafood products are used for the formation of animal feed and aquaculture feed. These unwanted products include small fish and those parts of fish which are not used as human food. These unwanted parts include viscera, head, fins and skin of fish. These byproducts are rich source of protein, minerals and vitamins so these can be used as a supplement in animal feed. These are also used to fulfill the deficiency of protein in animals. These byproducts can be used in the form of fish meal, fish oil, and protein hydrolysates and fish silage. Protein hydrolysates provide high amount of nitrogen and fish oil provide triglycerides of fatty acids and phospholipids in the animal feed industry. These are also used in the formation of pet feed and in the formation of fertilizers. These byproducts are processed for feeding by using fermentation, biotechnological and bio preservation techniques. Keywords: Seafood, Byproduct, Supplement, Fish silage, Fish oil, Protein hydrolysate. Downloaded from sifisheriessciences.com at 14:03 +0330 on Wednesday October 6th 2021 [ DOI: 10.18331/SFS2020.6.2.7 ] 1-Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, -
Screening Local Feed Ingredients of Benin, West Africa, for Fish Feed
Aquaculture Reports 17 (2020) 100386 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqrep Screening local feed ingredients of Benin, West Africa, for fish feed formulation T Adékambi Désiré Adéyèmia, Adéchola P. Polycarpe Kayodéa,*, Ifagbemi Bienvenue Chabia, Oloudé B. Oscar Odouaroa, Martinus J.R. Noutb, Anita R. Linnemannc a Laboratory of Valorization and Quality Management of Food Bio-Ingredients, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin b Ronfostec, Papenpad 14, 6705 AX Wageningen, the Netherlands c Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The cost of fish feed is a major constraint to fish farming in Sub-Sahara Africa. In the aquaculture value chain, Fish feed feed is a determining factor and accounts for 60-75% of the total cost of fish production in many African Ingredient countries. Therefore, 284 actors from all eight agro-ecological areas of Benin were interviewed and 28 local feed Nutritional quality ingredients were collected as alternative ingredients for new fish feed formulations for, predominantly, Clarias Availability gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus. Three categories of feeds were used, namely imported (84% of farmers), locally Cost produced to complement imported feeds (76%) and natural ingredients (81%). The main imported feeds were Clarias gariepinus from the Netherlands (59% of farmers), Ghana (52%) and France (15%). Natural ingredients were mostly Moringa leaves (52%), cassava leaves (26%) and maggots (43%). The best available ingredients were cereal bran, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cassava chips, palm kernel cake, soybean and maize. -
American Feed Industry Association
AMERICAN FEED INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION SPRING 2018 EDITION afia.org Journal New Study Shows Animal Food Industry Contributes Billions to U.S. Economy Table of Contents 12 ON THE COVER NEW STUDY SHOWS ANIMAL 17 FOOD INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTES BILLIONS TO U.S. ECONOMY FEATURES FEED REGULATORY 3 OUTLOOK FOR 2018 TO NEGOTIATE OR TO RENEGOTIATE? 12 THAT IS THE 3 QUESTION. CORN, SOY TOP LIST 19 OF INGREDIENTS 19 USED IN LIVESTOCK, 41 POULTRY FEED HOW DO AFIA MEMBERS RECRUIT 41 AND RETAIN NEW EMPLOYEES? Pictured on cover: Over 944,000 people working at more than 6,200 animal Send Us Your Story Ideas! food manufacturing facilities across America, like this one in LaVergne, Have a suggestion for a topic we should cover? Tennessee, are stimulating the economy and helping keep animals fed. Email Victoria Broehm at [email protected] or call (703) 558-3579. EDITOR: Victoria Broehm INSIDE THIS ISSUE ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Codi Coulter president’s message DESIGNER: Raamezah Ahmad 1-4 legislative & regulatory outlook Joel G. Newman President and CEO 5-7 l&r leadership actions Raamezah Ahmad 8 osha/dot/epa updates Graphic and Web Design Coordinator Victoria Broehm 9 aafco update Director, Communications Erica Burson 10 state update Membership Assistant 12 international trade Kori Chung Legislative and Regulatory Assistant 13-14 guest column Codi Coulter ifeeder Communications Coordinator 16-20 Shakera Daley 21-22 committee corner Accounting and Administrative Coordinator Paul Davis, Ph.D. 23 safe feed/safe food Director, Quality, Animal Food Safety and Education Gary -
Common Terms Used in Animal Feeding and Nutrition
Common Terms Used in Animal Feeding and Nutrition Uttam Saha, Program Coordinator, Feed and Environmental Water Laboratory Leticia Sonon, Program Coordinator, Soil, Plant, and Water Laboratory Dennis Hancock, Assistant Professor, Extension Forage Specialist Nicholas Hill, Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Lawton Stewart, Assistant Professor, Extension Beef Specialist Gary Heusner, Professor, Extension Equine Specialist David E. Kissel, Professor and Director, Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories The largest operating cost in a livestock production enterprise is the feed bill. To keep this cost low, one must sup- ply the right amount of feed to the animals. Overfeeding is wasteful. Underfeeding will decrease animal perfor- mance and profitability. Therefore, proper animal feeding and nutrition are crucial to the profitability of the live- stock enterprise. Laboratory analyses of the composition of feed or forage are used to assess their nutritive value (Figure 1). A typi- cal feed analysis includes measurements of some important quality attributes or parameters (e.g., crude protein, fiber, digestibility, etc.) used to define nutritive value. Other parameters are analyzed under some special circum- stances. For example, acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) is usually only measured if heat damage to the feed is suspected. Feed or Forage Sample Dry Water Removed Organic Matter (Burned) Burn Moisture Free Feed/Dry Matter (Remains) Ash (Remains): Neutral Detergent Extraction Various Minerals and Sand Neutral Detergent -
Resources for Fish Feed in Future Mariculture
Vol. 1: 187–200, 2011 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published online March 10 doi: 10.3354/aei00019 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS AS I SEE IT Resources for fish feed in future mariculture Yngvar Olsen* Trondhjem Biological Station, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT: There is a growing concern about the ability to produce enough nutritious food to feed the global human population in this century. Environmental conflicts and a limited freshwater supply constrain further developments in agriculture; global fisheries have levelled off, and aquaculture may have to play a more prominent role in supplying human food. Freshwater is important, but it is also a major challenge to cultivate the oceans in an environmentally, economically and energy- friendly way. To support this, a long-term vision must be to derive new sources of feed, primarily taken from outside the human food chain, and to move carnivore production to a lower trophic level. The main aim of this paper is to speculate on how feed supplies can be produced for an expanding aquaculture industry by and beyond 2050 and to establish a roadmap of the actions needed to achieve this. Resources from agriculture, fish meal and fish oil are the major components of pellet fish feeds. All cultured animals take advantage of a certain fraction of fish meal in the feed, and marine carnivores depend on a supply of marine lipids containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, with ≥3 double bonds and ≥20 carbon chain length) in the feed. The availability of HUFA is likely the main constraint for developing carnivore aquaculture in the next decades. -
Building the Case for Innovative Animal Feeds
MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP Building the case for innovative animal feeds How KPMG True Value helped KPMG in Germany January 2020 CROP MARKS CROP © 2020 KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International 1 Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Germany. The KPMG name and logo are registered trademarks of KPMG International. MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP The results of this analysis could change perceptions within the livestock production industry. They could trigger meaningful dialogue across the value chain and help to shift farming towards more sustainable practices. Dr. Emmanuel Auer Head of Animal Nutrition, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH CROP MARKS CROP © 2020 KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International 2 Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Germany. The KPMG name and logo are registered trademarks of KPMG International. MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP MARGIN CROP MARKS CROP How KPMG True Value helped Innovative animal feed can reduce environmental and social impacts As the world’s population grows, so does demand for meat, fish, milk and eggs. However, livestock farming also contributes to some of the world’s most serious challenges, including climate change, land degradation, and pollution. More sustainable methods of livestock farming are therefore urgently needed and altering the composition of animal feeds is one potential solution. -
9 Processing of Coffee Pulp: Chemical Treatments
The International Development Research Centre is a public corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the needs of developing countries. The Centre's activity is concentrated in five sectors: agriculture, food and nutrition sciences; health sciences; information sciences; social sciences; and communications. IDRC is financed solely by the Government of Canada; its policies, however, are set by an international Board of Governors. The Centre's headquarters are in Ottawa, Canada. Regional offices are located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. La edici6n espa1'1.ola de esta publicaci6n tambien se encuentra disponible. © 1979 Intern ati onal Development Research Centre Postal Address: Box 8500, Ottawa, Canada KI G 3H9 Head Office: 60 Queen Street, Ottawa Braham, J. E. Bressani , R. IDRC- 108e Coffee pulp: compos1t1 on, technology, and utili zation. Ottawa, Ont. , IDRC, 1979. 95 p. : ill. IDRC publication/. Compilation on the use of /coffee/ pulp (/agri cultural waste/) as animal /feed/, particul arl y in /Central America/ - discusses coffee /plant producti on/, /food composition/ of coffee by-products; /agri product processing/, ensil ing (/storage/) and /drying/; antiphysiological factors, such as caffeine and /acid/s, and their impact on /animal nutrition/ and /animal production/ . / Bibliography/, /statisti cal data/. UDC: 633 .73.002.6 ISBN: 0-88936- 190-8 Microfi che edition avail able Technical Editor: Michael Graham IDRC-108e Coffee Pulp Composition, Technology, and Utilization Editors: J.E. Braham and R. Bressani Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama 1 1The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) is a scientific international organization created to study the nutritional problems of the region, seek ways and means of solving these problems, and provide member governments with advice and cooperation. -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright By
This dissertation has been 65—1193 microfilmed exactly as received KALB, Klaus, 1936- PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MIXED FEEDS INDUSTRY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1964 Economics, agricultural University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Klaus Kalb 1965 PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MIXED FEEDS INDUSTRY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Klaus Kalb, M.Sc. ****** The Ohio State University 1964 Approved by Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Es gibt kelne patriotische Kunst und keine patriotische Wissenschaft. Belde gehoeren, wie alles andere, der ganzen Welt an. •Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (17^9-1832) There Is no patriotlcal art and no patriotlcal science. Both of them, as everything else, belong to the world as a whole. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (17^9-1832) li ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Helpful criticism nurtures Improvement and progress in many fields of human society, but especially in the process of education. The final version of this study is a result of the guidance by Dr. Daniel 1. Padberg, Professor of Agricultural Economics, who patiently read and corrected the manuscript. To him, the author wishes to express special gratitude. Valuable suggestions have been made by Professor Elmer F. Baumer, as well as by Professor Ralph W. Sherman, who were able to draw upon their wealth of experience In market research. Special appreciation Is due both of them. Furthermore, the writer is Indebted to many members of the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, especially to Dr. Francis E. -
Breeding Oats As High Quality Animal Feed Sandy Cowan*, Irene Griffiths
Breeding oats as high quality animal feed Sandy Cowan*, Irene Griffiths Catherine Howarth, Tim Langdon and Athole Marshall IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK In contrast to many other parts of the world, oats in the UK are mainly used for human consumption with oats not of milling quality sold for animal feed. However some dedicated markets for feed oats exist including feed for racehorses. At IBERS we breed husked and naked varieties of winter and spring oats that are marketed by our commercial partners Senova Ltd. There has been considerable effort in recent years aimed at the development of naked oats predominantly for poultry and monogastrics. Naked oats have some of the highest metabolizable energy (ME) values of the cereals and we have made good progress breeding high yielding naked oat varieties with high energy and protein. Recent studies in the Quoats project demonstrated the value of naked oats for animal feed. Their high oil content together with good protein content and the composition of essential amino acids make them an ideal ingredient. Naked oats also have some established niche markets such as inclusion into feed for companion animals, racehorses and as wild bird food. However they have not yet achieved mainstream adoption as animal feed probably due to the lower yield compared to husked oats. Husked oats produce higher yields and are more widely available than naked oats. For the ruminant market we are now developing oat varieties that combine a high oil groat with low lignin husk (trade mark “HiDioat” Senova Ltd). The high oil provides the high ME value for the feed ration and the low lignin husk is more digestible than a standard husk, making an ideal ruminant feed and as a husked oat will immediately be 20-30 % higher yielding than naked oat. -
A Practical Guide to Nutrition, Feeds, and Feeding of Catfish
A Practical Guide to Nutrition, Feeds, and Feeding of Catfish Bulletin 1041 -- March 1996 Edwin H. Robinson Meng H. Li Fishery Biologist Research Assistant Delta Branch Experiment Station Delta Branch Experiment Station Stoneville, Mississippi Stoneville, Mississippi Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Nutrition Energy Utilization and expression Requirements Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipid Protein and amino acids Vitamins Minerals Digestion Feeds Feed ingredients Protein supplements Energy supplements Premixes Feed formulation Feed Manufacture Nutritional Considerations Nonnutritional Considerations Manufacturing Processes Receiving and storage Grinding, batching, and mixing Steam pelleting Extrusion Drying and cooling Fat coating, storage, screening, and delivery Pellet grinding or crumbling Quality Assurance Feed formulation Ingredients Manufacturing Finished feed Feeding Natural Foods Warm Weather Feeding Fry Fingerlings Food fish Broodfish Winter Feeding Fingerlings and food fish Broodfish Feeding Diseased Fish Medicated feeds Considerations Effect of Feeds on Sensory Quality of Processed Catfish Flavor Appearance Fattiness Compensatory Growth List of Tables 1. Recommended dietary protein levels for various sizes of catfish 2. Amino acid requirements of channel catfish 3. Vitamin deficiency signs and minimum dietary levels required to prevent signs of deficiency in catfish 4. Mineral deficiency signs and minimum dietary levels required to prevent deficiency signs in catfish 5. Average apparent protein digestibility coefficients for catfish 6. Average apparent amino acid availabilities (expressed as a percentage) for various feedstuffs determined for catfish 7. Average percentage apparent digestible energy determined for catfish 8. Average apparent digestion coefficients of lipids and carbohydrates determined for catfish 9. Average percentage apparent availability of phosphorus determined for catfish 10. Feed ingredients used in commercial catfish feeds 11. Nutrients recommended for catfish grow-out feeds 12. -
The Introduction of Insect Meal Into Fish Diet: the First Economic Analysis on European Sea Bass Farming
sustainability Article The Introduction of Insect Meal into Fish Diet: The First Economic Analysis on European Sea Bass Farming Brunella Arru 1,*, Roberto Furesi 1, Laura Gasco 2 , Fabio A. Madau 1,* and Pietro Pulina 1 1 Department of Agriculture—University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari (SS), Italy; [email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (P.P.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.A.); [email protected] (F.A.M.); Tel.: +39-07-922-9259 (B.A.); +39-07-922-9258 (F.A.M.) Received: 21 January 2019; Accepted: 14 March 2019; Published: 21 March 2019 Abstract: The economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture depends significantly on the nature and quality of the fish feed used. One of the main criticisms of aquaculture is the need to use significant amounts of fish meal, and other marine protein sources, in such feed. Unfortunately, the availability of the oceanic resources, typically used to produce fish feed, cannot be utilized indefinitely to cover the worldwide feed demand caused by ever-increasing aquaculture production. In light of these considerations, this study estimates how aquaculture farm economic outcomes can change by introducing insect meal into the diet of cultivated fish. Several possible economic effects are simulated, based on various scenarios, with different percentages of insect flour in the feed and varying meal prices using a case study of a specialized off-shore sea bass farm in Italy. The findings indicate that the introduction of insect meal—composed of Tenebrio molitor—would increase feeding costs due to the high market prices of this flour and its less convenient feed conversion ratio than that of fish meal.