INDIA ECORD il Natio na' P u ' Indians of Canada L.l.C. et M.l. Single Copies 10 cents
JANUARY 1964
Indian-Metis Centre Gov't to Market Native Products Opens In Winnipeg A young, Saskatchewan places, but I just call myself a made rather than imported han- i A cultural Centre for Catholic born Indian has been picked western Indian," Mr. Wutinee dicrafts and paintings. He said Indian and Metis in the City of to make the first real effort to joked. "We don't recognize the Canada currently imports about Winnipeg is to be opened by His provinces anyway." $45 million worth of handicrafts Grace, Most Reverend G. B. Fla market Manitoba Indian han each year - but the volume of dicrafts in a business-like Since assuming his new post, hiff, CSB, Archbishop of Winni Mr. Wutinee has established con Canadian purchases is "extreme· peg, on Sunday, January 19, at 3 manner. tacts with major hotel gift shops ly small." p.m. Noel Wutinee, a combination and store chains in different parts Among the items being offered artist and salesman, has been ap of the country. He's also spent by Mr. Wutinee's government Representatives from the City pointed by the provincial govern some time visiting Manitoba re agency are slippers, moccasins, Council, the I n d ian Affairs Branch and the Provincial Gov· ment to act as a one· man whole serves so that he can encourage fur hats, fancy beadwork, orna- ernment will attend the cere sales agency for the sale of In and become acquainted with In mental bookmarks and snow mony. dian handicrafts to department dian craftsmen. shoes. stores and hotel chains. "The response so far has been A major exhibition of these The new Centre, located at 87 "By setting up this agency, the very heartening. We've got good products will be held in conjunc Isabel St., is under the direction government is attempting to sup products and there's no reason tion with The Pas Trappers' Fes of Rev. A. Carriere, OMI, MA, as plement the income of the pro why they shouldn't sell in large tival. And Mr. Wutinee also hopes sisted by Mr. Dave Hanley, B. vince's 50,000 Indians," Mr. Wu volume. In Oklahoma, for in to interest Winnipeg art galleries Comm.; both are experienced and tinee said in an interview. "This stance, the marketing of handi in the display of works by Indian qualified social workers, special is the first time there has been an crafts is so well organized that artists. ized in the adult education. agency to help Indians sell their the Indians there net several mil "We also hope we can get some The Centre, created by Arch handicrafts. Up to now, our peo lion dollars a year." big orders so that we can mass diocese of Winnipeg, comprises a ple have had to take whatever produce some items," says Mr. large assembly hall, reception they could get for their handi Buy Canadian W utinee. "We want to add sub- room and entertainment facili· work." According to Mr. Wutinee, one stantially to Indian income, as ties. The Centre sponsors the Western Indian of his biggest jobs will be to en· well as giving these people a solid Bosco hockey club whi~h has been Although born in Saskatche courage Canadians to buy home· I outlet for their creative talents." active in Winnipeg for the past wan, Mr. Wutinee has lived much six years. The directors of the of his life in Manitoba, having at Centre will carry out adult educa tended this province's School of tion programs throughout the Art. He also worked as an artist 0& TH£ RIGHT ROUT£ province. before taking up his present du It will be open at regular hours ties last August. fo,r _ counselling in the day time "I've lived in a number of and for cultural and social activi ties in evenings and on holidays. Religious services are to be held Land Claims at 10:30 a.m. every Sunday and Holy Day. The Centre is dedicat Paid In Cash ed to St. John Bosco. OTTA W A - Indians will not be entitled to reclaim any land to which they may have rights. The government recently intro Sex Education duced legislation in the Com mons to establish an Indian Urged For Indians claims commission. One clause EDMONTON (CP) - Sugges says that any claims allowed by tions that sex education become the five-man commission will be paid in money only. part of the Indian'S school curri culum and that a history of the The legislation also makes clear Canadian Indian be placed in that Indians will have to find schools were made during th~ many old documents if they hope closing session of the Alberta In to win their cases before the com dian Education Association con mission. vention Tuesday. Claims must be supported by evidence in writing "reasonably The panel members, all In contemporaneous to the time the dians, also suggested that Indian subject matter of the claim children be allowed to speak their arose." Some of the claims date native tongue at school and that back hundreds of years. they learn they are not the "bad The bill also says any oral evi guys" western movies show them dence must be corroborated in a to be. material patricular "by evidence Mrs. Rosanne Houle of the other than oral evidence." Saddle Lake Agency, represent. All claims must be submitted ing the Catholic Women's League, within two years of proclamation said sex education would be one of the act setting up the commis answer to many of the social sion. problems found among Indians. Page 2 INDIAN RECORD JANUARY 1964 INDIAN RECORD Letter to the Editor REV. G. LAVIOLETTE, O.M.I. Editor and Manager DEAR EDITOR: posts and professional standing 207 Cadomin Bldg., 276 Main St. Practically every reader of this in their nation. Phone WH 3-6071 Subscription Rate: $1.00 a Year Winnipeg 1, Man. newspaper knows "of" Indians, Because Indians have long been Printed by Canadian Publishers Ltd., Winnipeg, Mon. but a very small percentage real- masters of great handicraft - Authorized as Second Closs Motter, Post Office Dept., Ottowa, Canada, ly know any of us personally! We from totem poles, war canoes, and for payment of postage in cosh. have been here for thousands of snowshoes, to the finest leather years before the white men came, and bead work - I am working we number about the same as with a great Canadian and mer A National Monuna@nt II some other minorities such as the chandise master to see if we can Jewish-Canadians, and despite not develop a truly authentic, and The one and only criticism we have received on our November this, we are regarded as second- permanent market for this tradi editorial headed the same as above came from "the Prairie Call", class citizens by many, and we tional handicraft. This is for the November issue, which took exception to what we had called "a poor are blocked socially, economically future. performance" by Indian dancers in Regina, saying it might hurt the and educationally! To every sport organization, I feeling of some people. There is no point in referring ask you to turn over in your mind To continue the dialogue may we expound on what we feel you white people to the true his- the seeking of athletic talent could be done to mark Canada's centennial by the Indians who have tory of this land. The Indians from among the Indians you lived here for more than 10,000 years: It is the creation of a native were democratic, law-abiding, re- know. To the hockey and football arts centre, as proposed by Senator James Gladstone, in Regina, ligioUsp eople before the pillag- authorities, I ask you to .consider October last. ing, plunder, and forked tongues education of young Indians in the The proposed centre would be a permanent institution, centrally of the exploiting white man came. finer arts of these sports, inviting located, which would include: I -- A permanent exhibit of strictly Then, in the white man's propa- them to attend some of the great genuine Indian art and crafts: paintings, carvings, beadwork, jewelry, ganda, the Indians became kill- games, and perhaps sending your authentic costumes, basketry, quillwork, etc. . .. ers, vicious and evil! How false stars or maybe your coaches to II - An extensive library and archives, specialized in the history, and how tragic. But now these visit the young Indians from time language, traditions of the Canadian Indian. This library to be com things are long past and we are to time. There is such fantastic plemented with micro-films of all the Treaty and other legal texts, suffering each day the agonies of physical talent with tremendous of records of importance, and in which Indian writers and poets a trapped people. This must co·ordination available on the re would be given a place of honor. change. serves that it is surprising that III - A school of Indian languages with facilities to record on There are perha-ps 250,000 of us this has not been developed. To tape authentic texts from the various (over 50) languages or dialects on reserves, and maybe 200,000 of the sports organizations, may I still spoken in Canada, now on the way to rapid extinction. us not on reserves. Our "po pula- ask your kind interest. IV - A school of dancing, which would bring up to XXth century tion explosion" is so great that To those who know something standards, and adapt to the universal ballet art form, the genuine we will number well over 1,- about "show business", and par- and authentic folkloric dances which have survived to date, much the 000,000 before 25 years are past. ticularly the young Indians of same way as Senora Amalia Hernandez has done for the Mexican To save ourselves from- ' ~ij e ing talent, I should like to hear from Indian folk dances in recent years. (Cf. Theatre Arts, October 63 ). confined to shrinking reserves, to you because I dream of assem V - Surrounding the museum-school-library there should be save o~rselves from being second- bling a great Indian Festival room for a small park dotted with exact replicas of Indian dwellings claSs citizens, we must overcome Company to present authentic with authentic tools, canoes, etc., and a garden in which plants, roots the obstacles placed in our path songs, dances, and other enter and herbs used for centuries by the Indians would be grown. without loss of our identity as tainment in the great halls and More on this topic next month. Meantime, won't you write to us? Indians. theatres of Canada, the United We do not ask you to help, but States and perhaps Europe. I we will not resist if you give ~ should like to see in 1966, for kind thought, offer a helping tour in Canada, and then in 1967 CANADA UNDERTAKES hand, or even provide some sub- at the World's Fair in Montreal, stantial aid or guidance towards a truly magnificent Indian Festi some of our immediate objec- val. I respectfully solicit sugges INDIAN RESEARCH tives. Most of all, we want your tions, and also letters from talent- OTTAWA (CCC) - Canada is Dr. Tremblay is an authority on good will and encouragement. ed Indian performers to make undertaking a country-wide In community planning and has also Our first and most important this possible. dian research program to assess had wide experience in sociologi- necessity is in education. One What will all this lead to? My the participation by Indians in cal research. minority group of the same popu- objective is to make sure that the social and economic life through Specialists and research assis- lation roughly has 500 times as Indians have pride, achievement, out the country. tants in various Canadian univer- many youths in the universities goals, education and are socially Hon. Guy Favreau, minister of sities and research centres will be of Canada. They have 600 times accepted, and moving ahead eco citizenship and immigration and appointed to undertake portions more doctors, lawyers, notaries nomically. We are brave, talented, superintendent general of Indian of the research as required. and professional men as we do. good, gifted people who deserve affairs, announced the project in The research will cover four There is something out of balance our place in the sun in a land the House of Commons. major areas concerning Indians: here. Theref?re, an~ aid, guid- that was long ours before it was Mr. Favreau said that the economic development; . advance- I ~nce and assIstanc~ m encoura~- yours. $150,000 study is to provide a ment in education; responsibili- mg our .yoUt;g IndIans to stay m To regain that lost place, we body of knowledge that will as ties that exist at various govern- school IS VItal for our future. must aid ourselves, but it helps sist in establishing guide-lines for ment levels' band councils and Part-time work, instruction, as- and does not hinder our cause if future policy and the over·all the develop~ent of self-govern- sistance or "bright ideas" in this you know what we are trying to planning required to promote the ment. way will be of great value to each do. We do not intend to lose our welfare and progress of Canadian In addition to the main areas young man or young woman culture. We do not intend to in Indians. of research, it is expected that who stays on through hi~h school tegrate with the white people. Dr. H. B. Hawthorn of the Uni relevant studies will be started and perhaps ventures mto the But we do intend to rise to our versity of British Columbia and on such matters as an appraisal university. proper level in the scheme of life, Dr. Adelard Tremblay of Laval of employment opportunities, job I have been seeking from the socially, educationally, economi University have undertaken to placement, training and relevant great schools of learning . in cally, and every Canadian can carry out this major research pro work values; the relationship of Canada at least two scholarshIps either help us or hinder us. I ject as director and associate economic development to enter- in each school for tuition at least. hope that you want to help me in director. prise, skills, capital and resour- It is my confident hope that this cause. If you do, then do not Professor Hawthorn is a noted ces, and to specialist guidance ~ith such scholarships, we can be shy about writing to me at anthropologist who has written a and control; welfare and other fmd the way to provIde support Caughnawaga, P.Q., with your number of outstanding works on services; housing and community for these w~rthy students. suggestions, aid and guidance, or native peoples and also has di· planning; the processes and I am seekmg some of the great Igive assistance closer to home in rected regional surveys of the problems of urbanization; social Foundations and w~althy trusts any worthy way. social and economic life of In· organization and over-all systems to take an interest m the educa- dians and other ethnic groups. of "Indian attitude and belief. tion of young Indians to high KAHN-TINETA HORN JANUARY 1964 INDIAN RECORD Page 3
1 st in a series on Community Development, by W . H. I am Miskum - the-one-who for the government do not under· As I said, I am Miskum and I when this was the way things looks-for-things. I have been look stand us well enough and they have been looking for things. were done and nobody thought ing all my life and many are the look at us through different When I look for things I often about it. They know that they can things I have found. I want to eyes. This has been true of the visit my cousins and friends in do many things for themselves tell you about some of these. Churches and other people. other places. What I have seen even if they never went to school. As I sit outside my house, I The giving by the Monias - has made me think. They were not this way when think about my people and the the White People - has not they started. They were like my There is a change in some re troubles they are having. The ended our problems. If this was brother -in -law, Anoo·way-tusl<. world they know is changing and the way, our troubles would have serves and half-breed settlements. They did not think they could do it is often hard to change enough ended many years ago. The giv I have been looking at them and anything. There were some who to live in a new way. ing has stopped us from working they seem to be waking up. They thought they could do something. As I look at my friends I see for the things we want because are being helped by Indian Af· They persuaded the people to them unhappy with life in our we hope somebody wiH do it for fairs or the Churches or other try something small. The people reserve. They do not think it can us. So we sit and we wait. I have people but it is not the same help agreed but they thought the gov be better. They sit around and waited and the things I want do that I have seen on our reserve. ernment or somebody would stop are not able to do as many things not come. I am Miskum so I am Things are different.. Th -people them. They found that this was for themselves as they once did. looking for a way that I can do seem to be doing the things not true. The government and It is not that they can't do these these things for myself. themselves. They decide in coun others would help but the help cil- or in a meeting of the people things. It is because they feel I have looked at the way things would be different. This way they are not able to do them any what is going to be done. They w~en the people did something have been done here and I see figure out a way to do these more. One of the things that has part of what is wrong. Indian they knew they had done it them happened has been that we are things. Then they go ahead and selves. Affairs used to come to the re do it. The Monias is there but only not a band anymdre. We are just serve and say, "Things should be I remember a few ye~rs back a bunch of families. Even the to give an idea of where the peo when a Monias talked this way done this way." We do not like to ple can find out things and where f~mi1ies cannot keep together make people feel bad so we would to the half·breeds on the isJand 1i1 ·~ e they once did. they can get the help that all near Chemawawin. He told them say, "Yes." Usually we did not people, not only the Indian, can My brother-in-law, Anoo-way understand. Later as we saw ::tbout our ancestors who used to tusk, (the-one-who-doubts), often use. The Manias calls th'is new do everything for themselves and these things being done and as we way Community Development. sits with me and we talk. We talk thought about them we could see who had done so much to make about what has been happening this was not what we wanted. In Community Development, this land a good place for our to our people_ I tell him much of The people who were educated the Monias is helping the people oeople. He told them about the the trouble is that too many peo do the things they want to do by Monias who came to this country ple are doing things for us which would come in and look at our and in the books it is the Monias reserve. They would make deci themselves. Things can be done we can do for ourselves. Anoo so that they do not interfere who found the trails and rivers way-tusk says this is not the rea sions on what was going to be through the forests and across done, how it was going to be done with the way we want to live. son. It is because we cannot do The old ways of doing things do the prairies. The books did not things ourselves. I tell him that and who was going to do it. Most <;ay what we know is true. The of the time they did not ask us not have the change unless we ever since the treaties we have want them to change. Indian was the one who showed sat on the reserves and people what we thought because they the Monias which trails and rio have done things for us. Some knew we had not gone to school I go into some of the places as long as they had. vers to use. times it is Indian Affairs. Some where they are trying this out The half·breeds were told that times it is the Churches. Some We felt that this was not ours and the people have changed. together they were much strong- tin'les it is people from the towns. because somebody else did all the People are smiling. They are de er than if they were alone. To The things they do are mostly deciding. If the person who was ciding the way they are going to gether they could do many things t~tngs we can do for ourselves. doing the job left, the job did not live. They are doing things to· and others would listen to the Mv brother-in-law says Indian always get finished. .gether just as in the old days voice of all of them much better .A ffairs is supposed to do things than to the voice of one. This they for us. It is in the treaties. He is The IICacfus Wildcafll Comes fo the Car.boo knew to be true. They elected a ~ust talking because he knows council and started deciding what that the treaties say the govern "The Cactus Wildcat," a co principal, Fr. H. O'Connor, OMI. they could do. They started with ment will do only a few things. medy-melodrama pic t uri n g a According to the stage direc little things and each time they It is because we have not done child's idea of the Old West at tions, "The Cactus Wildcat" finished something they said, enough for ourselves that they its wildest, was staged with tre should be "played to the hilt with "You see, we can do these things. have done more for us. mendous gusto by students at the no holds barred, in the true Let us try something- bigger." The government has bee n Cariboo Indian School on Decem 'hoss-opera' style." And according Miskum has talked enough father and grandmother to us. ber 7, 1963. to Father J. Alex Morris, OMI, today. He will be back next time This is not good because we have The smash-hit spectacular was and former chief Dan George, to tell of the things he has seen not said enough to the govern oroduced and directed by Brother both visiting from North Vancou and how some of our people have ment about the things we want Glenn Doughty, OMI, with all the ver and in the audience, the stage found the way to do the things and the things we could do for necessary permissions and en directions were followed lito the they think should be done. ourselves. The peopJe who work couragement from the school Jetter, and even then some!" (To be continued) INDIAN RECORD JANUARY 1964 JANUARY 1964 INDIAN RECORD Po... ' K,ane - His Record of Canada !Is Indians -1845-46 Abridged and Edited for the India n Record by Mrs. The cl a Bradshaw
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, buying paintings. Probably some and stuck in the ground at the Iy intermarried and speak the to our arrival, we saw some In· "Although a small man, his ap· through the British possessions; wealthy community I e a de r s required circle of the tent, a hole same language. The Indians of dians spearing salmon; by night, pearance, while speaking, pos· but also across the Rocky Moun· might wish to have a portrait being left at the top to permit this village subsist chiefly on sal· this has always a very pictur· sessed dignity; his attitude was tains down th e Columbia River to painted ... the smoke to go out. The fire is mon and whitefiSh, which they esque appearance, the strong red graceful, and free from uncouth Oregon, Puget's Sound, and Van Some did. And Paul was twen made in the centre of the lodge, take in such quantities as to be glare of the blazing pine knots gesticulation. He complained of couver's Island (where) I strayed ty. He painted, scrimped and and the inmates sleep all round able to barter away a surplus and roots in the iron frame, or numerous acts of injustice which almost alone, and scarcely meet· saved until he had sufficient with their feet towards it. beyond their own wants for other light·jack, at the bow of the he supposed their great father ing a white man or hearing the money to travel to the United "Their canoes are also made of necessaries. The inhabitants also canoe throwing the naked figures ... could not possibly know, and sound of my own language .. States where he lived and work birch·bark stretched over a very make abundance of maple sugar, of the Indians into wild relief which he desired might be repre· "The Indian fishing a nd hunt· ed for five years more before the light frame of split cedar laths; which they sell to the traders; nor upon the dark water and sombre sented to him, through the agent, ing scenes, games, dances, and wonderful day when he sailed the greatest attention being paid are they so very deficient in agri· woods. Great numbers of fish are accompanied with a pipe·stem of other characteristic customs oc· from N ew Orleans and headed to symmetry and form. They cultural skill and industry, hav· killed in this manner. As the light peace richly ornamented. cupied my penCil: while I was out to sea for Marseilles, France. travel a great deal and are often ing, under the able and kind guid is intense, and being above the "One of the grievances he spe· not forgetful of the interest But the glamour of a sea jour· exposed to rough weather in ance of the missionary, cultivat· head of the spearsman, it enables cified was, that their money which justly attaches to the ney did not dim the artist's long· these boats which, being extreme· ed many patches of wheat, corn, him to see the fish distinctly at passed through too many hands scenery of a n ew and unexplored range vision. Even on sailing he Iy light, are carried across "por. and potatoes, as well as erected a a great depth, and at the same before it reached them, and that country, and especially to such looked not only ahead to the four tages" with ease. neat little church." time it apparently either dazzles a great part of it was thus lost parts of it as were either inti· years that would take him to Art "It would be as well to note In the same area Kane m et a or attracts the fish. to them. He wound up his long mately associated with native Galleries scattered across Europe here that the word "portage" is descendent of Tecumseh who still "In my boyish days I have seen harangue by descanting upon the legends and traditions, or other and through hair· raising adven applied to such places as require used his totem - "a turj:le, each as many as a hundred light·jacks narrow limits in which they were wise specially connected with the tures en route to Jerusalem - the canoes to be taken bodily out Indian family having a sort of gliding about the Bay of Toronto, pent up, which did not allow MRS. THECLA BRADSHAW native tribes - as their favourite but he pictured his return to of the water and carried up the heraldic device, which they use as and have often joined in the them sufficient hunting grounds PAUL KANE ( 1870) a signature on important occa fishing or hunting grounds, the Canada and to the Indian friends ascent by the men. and "dis sport. This, I suppose, gave me without encroaching upon the From a pointing by A. F. Verner sions. For a new series to a ppear in locations of their villages, or the of past and future. charge" to such shallows or ra· additional interest in the scene; rights of other tribes. He said "Sometimes a family passing f uture issues of the INDIAN RE· burying·places of the tribes." The young man painted and pids as will not allow the canoes and although very tired with my that, like the deer chased by the Kane's small craft as he raced through the woods will cut a chip CORD this writer has attempted studied in Paris, Geneva, Milan, to pass without being consider· long day's paddling, I sat down dogs, they would have to take to with the wind and caught up with Even as a child Kane's deepest out of a tree, and mark their to select from the journal of Paul Venice, Verona, Bologna, Flo ably lightened or entirely emp the water." them! But boarding the ship Kane desire was to spend his life por totem on the fresh surface, so by the fire, and while my com· rence, Rome, Naples, Jaffa and tied, and then pulled or dragged It was June when he left and again swallowed his heart. The Kane, Canada's best known ar· traying Indian life through his that the next may know who panion was cooking some fish tist of the 1800's, what will most Egypt. And after a period in Lon· by cords over the difficulty. December when he returned from brigade of canoes had already de pa intings and writings. As a boy passed; or should a chief wish to in a moh·cock, Indian fashion interest the Indian people today don he packed up his paintings his first p a i n tin g excursion parted for Fort William. The reo he made many India n friends in "They (the Indians) make their send to a post for any articles, he (for we had lost our kettle), I and returned to Canada. among the Canadian Indians. The about the Indian people of yes encampments about York. As a mohcocks, or kettles, of birch· draws the articles on a piece of made the sketch No.4. solute artist was forced to wait terday. man h e trekked from coast to year was 1845. Kane, unsponsor· for days for another steamer to Little York was now Toronto bark, in which they cook fish and birCh-bark, and puts his totem, a "Here (in the Manomanee coast, winter and summer, on ed, self·financed, had visited In· take him to that settlement - In the preface to his book, with a population of about twen game. This is done by putting red fox, a dog, a bear, or whatever it camp at Fox River) we found foot, snowshoes, horseback and ty thousand. Paul had spent nine hot stones into the water, and it is dians of Georgian Bay, Manitou but, once again, the brigade had WANDERINGS OF AN ARTIST may be, at the bottom; these are about 3,000 Indians assembled, by canoe. His aim, like Schweit years away from his country, five astonishing how quickly an In· lin Islahd, Sault Ste. Marie, Mac· departed a full day earlier. Paul ftMONG THE INDIANS OF perfectly well understood, and anxiously awaiting the arrival of zer's, was always clear. The in the USA, four in Europe. He dian woman will boil a fish in this kinaw, Green Bay, Fox River, and three paddlers set out in a NORTH AMERICA, Kane has answer every purpose of a writ the agent with their money; written: art i s t's astonishing fortitude, was now prepared, at 35, to begin way. TIT Indians round Lake Fond du Lac, Sheboygan and Buf· canoe. With gargantuan effort he ten order. .. there was also a large number of "I had been accustomed to see quiet courage, universally fa· his more important journeying. Huron raise a good deal of corn. Kane continued on his journey falo. It was a good beginning. overtook the voyagers ten hours mous paintings, and his simple And like freelancers the world which is dried and then pounded traders collected, all busily oc· Kane was now in a position to later. hundreds of Indians about my na· to Sault Ste. Marie and Mackinaw cupied in the erection of booths tive village, then Little York, and accurate writings of the In· over the artist begana ione, with in a sort of mortar, made out of (or Mitchimacinum - the Big seek a patron to help him to If there are any h eroes in the a hollow log." for the display of their finery. In Kane account of an incredible muddy a nd dirty, just struggling dian people and their ways con· out sponsor or companion. He Turtle) and from there to Fox enter more primitive wilderness, travelled to Lake Simcoe with about a week the bank of the journey he is least among them into existence, now the city of found many historians who must Kane here r emarks on a pip!' River to see the Manomanee In· travel to the west, over the plains, gun and paints and art paper. He river wore the aspect of a little as he depicts the life of the stoic Toronto . .. write not of what they see but carved of dark stone with an old dians who were assembling to the mountains and to the Pacific paddled all night then set out on knife and broken file. "I leave it town; the booths, placed in rows, Indians whose ingenuity he illus· "All traces of his (the Indians') only of what they learn from the receive payment for lands. sea: the artist with the goal had records of such perceptive adven foot for a forty·mile journey to an to antiquaries," he writes. "to ex· presented a scene of bustle and trates with sharply etched de· footsteps are fast being obliterat· paintings to show for his first turers. Indian council meeting at Sau olain how the bowl of this pipe At MaCkinaw he writes: "There animation: the finery was, of scriptions of their occupations, ed from his once favourite journey among Indians. There is still controversy as to geen, Ontario. hapoens to bear so striking are· I found a large band of Indians course, all displayed to the best resources, economy, dress, lan haunts, and those who would see He was soon overjoyed at the whether Paul Kane was Canadian semblance to the head of the to the number of 2,600 who had advantage on the outside of the guages, folklore, arts, travels, tra the aborigines of this country in Kane's journal says only that prospects after approaching Sir by birth or Irish. One authority Egyptian sphynx. I questioned come from all quarters to reo booths. On the arrival of the In· dition and their social, religious their original state, or seek to the first trip took him through George Simpson, Governor of the and strong advocate of the for· swamps and a steady torrent of Awbonwaishkum (who made the ceive their pay of $25,000 for land dian agent a council was imme· Hudson's Bay Company. The and political customs. study their native manners and pipe) as to whether he knew of ceded to the United States; these diately called in a place erected customs, must travel far through mer opinion was Kane's name· rain, that he missed m eals and paintings he carried won him a In seeking out the Indian Ie· sake and grandson whose widOW, any tradition connected with the Indians were also Ojibbeways for the occasion, in which thirty the pathless forest to find t'lem. had no shelter. It does not say commission to paint a dozen can· gends, in visiting the unexplored sister and nephew (also a name· that in spring the insects threat· design, but the Only explanation and Ottawas. On arriving among chiefs assembled. I attended in vases and to receive assistance in interior of Canada's forests, "I determined to devote what· compliance with an invitation I sake) live in Winnipeg today. But en to devour living bodies limb he could offer was, that his fore· them, I at once pitched my tent travelling the Great West areas. plains and mountains, Paul Kane, ever talents and proficiency I all agree that at the age of nine, from limb. Or that his sojourn fathers had made similar pipes in their midst, and commenced had received from the head chief, not as an official but as eyewit possessed to the painting of a Five months later Paul was in the year 1819, young Paul was was a grim sample of what might with the same shaped head for to sketch their most remarkable Oscosh, or 'The Bravest of the ness and participant, unearths series of pictures illustrative of launche!d into the Great Adven· living with his family in York, lie ahead. And although under· the bowl, and that he therefore personages. I soon had to remove Brave.' and records what is truly "the the North American Indians and ture which would result in 6,000 later renamed Toronto. statement tempers the whole of suoposed the model had always my tent, from the circumstance "He opened the council by Indian way," a "timeless" way - scenery ... These paintings, how· miles of travel for a three·year Paul was enrolled in the local Kane's journal, it also stamps the existed among the Indians. that their famishing dogs, which lighting a pipe, and handing it to period (a trek twice across the until the White invasion. ever, would necessarily req~ire Grammar School where a Mr. diary with a warm and vital "Strolling one evening in the they keep for the purpose of all present, each person taking a continent), his book, WANDER· The artist never flatters. He re explanations and notes, and :r ac· Drury gave him rudimentary art authenticity. vicinity of the camp, I heard the hunting and drawing their sleds whiff or two, and passing it to cordingly kept a diary of , my INGS OF AN ARTIST AMONG ports. And the plain, recorded lessons. But in Muddy York life It was on this trip that Kane sound of some musical instru in winter, contrived to carry off the next. The mingling clouds of THE INDIANS OF NORTH facts are vivid enough for. any journey, as being the most easy was not easy for the young ar· m et Indians already influenced ment, and upon approaching the all my provisions, and seemed smoke raised by each are sup and familiar form in which I AMERICA, published in England, reader. . tist's father, Michael. a wine mer· by White m~n, people of the performer, who was lying under likely to serve me in the same posed to ascend to the Great France, Denmark, USA, and Indian travellers, he tells . us, could put such information as I chant. There was Paul's sister, areas where Lakes Huron, Michi· a tree, I found that he was play way. This will appear by no Spirit, in token of the harmony might collect. Canada, and over 500 Indian usually set out at abo.u-t . three Mary, and three brothers, James, gan and Superior merge. He de ing on an instrument (wind) re means improbable, when I state that pervades the assembly, and sketches and paintings cherished o'clock in the morning, winter or "I trust (my writings) will pos Fred and Oliver to support. Paul scribes a n Indian encampment: sembling a flageolet in construc· that, while I was one evening to attest the purity of their in today in galleries about the summer. They pause for break sess not only an interest for the went to work in a furniture fac· "The wigwams are made of tion, but much softer in tone ... finishing a sketch, sitting on the tentions. After this ceremony the world. fast after five hours of paddling. curious, but also an intrinsic tory at sixteen. birch·bark, stripped from the I have often listened with plea· ground alone in my tent, with main business of the council But Paul Kane missed the boat "When we stopped to take value to the historian, as they reo But I must master my craft, trees in large pieces and sewed sure to this music, as its simple my candle stuck in the earth at began : it almost eXClusively con to begin with. Three times. The breakfast," Kane writes, "it was late not only to that vast tract of Paul reasoned. I must forget for together with long fibrous roots; and plaintive notes stole through my side, one of these audacious sisted of complaints to be for· artist WaS aghast. Was a mere very cold and snowing ' . . '. We country bordering on the great awhile the wilds of Canada and when the birch tree cannot be the stillness of the forest . .." brutes unceremoniously dashed warded to the Government. After misunderstanding over a steam· were !now all obliged to crowd chain of American lakes {the the Indians. I must go to Europe conveniently had, they weave In one of the Indian villages in through the entrance, seized several of the minor chiefs had er's departure time to dash his into one boat and were frequently Great Lakes), the Red River set· to study with art masters. Money rushes into mats, called Apuck· of Manitoulin Island Kane men· the burning candle in his jaws delivered their sentiments, Os· once·in-a-lifetime opportunity? obliged to disembark a nd lighten tlement, the valley of Saskatche· - how best can I earn it? Surely way, for covering, which are tions a tribe of Ahtawwah In and bolted off with it, leaving me cosh himself rose, and spoke for Twenty-four hours later voya. the boat, owing to the lowness of wan, and its boundless prairies, not any longer as a furnitur~ stretched round in the same man· dians. "This tribe is now' scarcely in total darkness . . " about an hour, and a finer flow gers on the steamer, now close the river. We had almost con through which it is propose~ to maker' But here the pioneer peo· ner as the bark, upon eight or distinct from the Ojibbeways, And at Fox River, the diary of native eloquence - seasoned to Sault Ste. Marie, saw a strange tinually to drag the boat onwards lay the great railway connecting pIe are not much interested in ten poles tied together at the top, with whom they have numerous· continues: "The evening previous with good sense - I never heard. sight. A blanket for a sail - on (Turn-to p. 6, col. 3) Page 6 INDIAN RECORD JANUARY 1964 Educating the Eskimo by REV. ANDRE RENAUD, OMI If we Canadians did not take they come nor what they must ourselves, as seriously as we do, 3.chieve to continue the human about our schools and adminis experience of their ethnic group, trative institutions, much confu at the same time bettering and sion, many problems and, above associating it more profitably all, many deadlocks as regards with the experience of other the education of the Eskimo ethnic groups. wquld be avoided. That is exactly what has hap· First of all, we would accept pened and is still happening with the fact that the Eskimo is as our Indian population; unfor much a human being as we are, tunately, the same thing seems if not like ourselves, and that he to occur at present in Eskimo likes looking after his own busi country. ness. just as we do. We would not All over the world educators, imagine that he had waited until administrators, those in charge we discovered him to become of technical work, besides anthro interested in the education of his pologists and sociologists, ob· own children. serve that the school, the school On th contrary, we would system and the program of finally admit that the education studies are but one element, of the growing generation has doubtlessly very important, of r.'.wavs been to him a matter of the social process which is called life a'nd death - that the methods education. u~ed till now in the transmission Such process is above all, and of the traditional knowledge and almost exclusively, the fact, the skills from one generation to the responsibility of the society or other are radically superior to collectivity in which the child is those we use with our own chil growing and of which he is a BILL ROSE PHOTO dren. member. As a matter of fact, the Eskimo If on account of the fact that Kane and notorious trader - his record would ne er have tolerated that we Canadians Cand not the Rus Paul is not entirely without merit. thirt. to fort. per cent of the <;ians, the Chinese or still the (from p. 5) Paul Kane returned home safe· voung' adults fresh out of schools Japanese) have taken over the ly.~.&y the same route after his wou1d become economically use 1,and inhabited by the Eskimos with a line, the men waist deep most purposeful "wanderings" '.ess and socially incompetent as :md given them the title of citi· in water. One of them slipped and a seven-month period spent is unfortunately the case within ?:ens, we have assumed the re off a log into "deep water, and it on the Pacific coast studying In our society. <>ponsibility of integrating them was with no small difficulty we dian life, and painting as always The point is, however, that we tnto the twentieth century civili saved him from being drowned. with exhub ran e. tal{-e ourselves seriously with our "':ation, as formulated by Cana We had not extricated him from Four year lat r, in 1853, when ~chools and administrative insti dians, it does not follow that we the river five minutes before his Kane was 43 ears old, he mar tutions. From this fact, we have should have suppressed the role clothes were stiff with ice. ried Harrie Clench, herself a GPr11 1ced that only school teachers and function of the educational "I asked him if he was not cold, painter · {}f unusual refinement and administrators, trained in process of the Eskimo families and his reply was characteristic and skill. After a journey to Lon 011l" own surroundings for the and organizations. of the hardihood of the Iroquois, don where he attended to the education of our children, could The school which we feel obli of which tribe our party princi- publishing of his book, the paint- er-writer returned to Toronto and effectively engage in the educa 'Sated, in our own opinion, to set pally consisted: built a home in what was then a tion of twentieth-century Eski up in their midst must be their "My clothes are cold, but I am country area, and is now at the mos. and reproduce as faithfully own school and not a literal copy not." heart of the city. ::Ie::; nossible in the North the same of its counterpart in the South Not all the Kane account is By a strange irony that afflict- school situations and programs. which will benefit only the chil complimentary to the Indian peo- ed numerous artists in the past however open to criticism and dren of the non-Eskimo Civil pIe. But the journal is neither Paul suffered a gradual loss of <"'riticized, which prevail in the servants who are destined to re patronizing nor overly critical. vision caused by the brilliant South. turn South. Perhaps because the diary is aI- glare of the sun on snow during Furthermore, we have asked The school must be equipped ways objective one suspects that his travels. At fifty-six he gave Eskimo parents - of course, with personnel, academic re Kane sometimes lacks sympathy. up his studio. And on February through the medium of interpret sources and others, in keeping Balancing this is the writer's per- 20, 1871, in his 61st year, he died ers - to entrust their children with the local or regional com petual attention to concise, never- in his home, his widow, two sons to us that we might transform munity, so that it may become the theless vivid description. and a daughter remaining. Mount them into real Canadians, alike lntellectual center where young Paul Kane describes his jour- Kane and the Kane Glacier were to our children in every respect, and old learn objectively to know ney to Fort Vancouver as "a dis- named after the painter, voyager, even if we are not yet sure of each other better, as Eskimo as tance of 1,200 miles down the writer, friend of Indians. Ol1r own national identity. well as human beings, and to im Columbia River, which' we ac- The Winnipe~ collection of How naive if not presump· prove themselves in order the complished in fifteen days, and Paul Kane paintings were recent 1:11.ous! That is indeed how colo better to utilize their ecological which afterwards took me four ly sold to a Texan for $100,000 nial powers have acted most of environment and to ' associate months to ascend ..." dollars. the time and they all ended by themselves on a more equal , ADVENTURES OF AN AR- Canadian galleries and the p1.vin
Right to Hunt 10th I ndian and Metis Conference Speakers Score Hits for Food Upheld Royal Alexandra Hotel With Indian Club OTTAWA - Manitoba treaty Winnipeg, Man. - February 4 - 7, 1964 Three speakers at recent meet Indians hunting for food on their Sponsored by the Community Welfare Planning Council of Winnipeg ings of the Catholic Indian Study traditional hunting grounds are Theme: Mutual Responsibility and Understanding and Leadership Club of Vancou not subject to the white man's ver, representing widely different laws, the Supreme Court of Cana PROGRAM fields, have rpet with the kind of da ruled recently. success which proves that Dale Tuesday, February 4th, 8.00 - 10.00 p.m.: Carnegie hasn't the monopoly on The court allowed the appeals • Registration • Welcome - Community Welfare Planning Council of Winnipeg "How to Make Friends and In of two Indians, Rufus Prince of fluence People." Portage la Prairie and Robert • Greetings - Native Brotherhood of Manitoba - City of Winnipeg First is Harold C. Huggins, Di Myron of Edwin, who had been • Address - Mr. A. Wauneka, Navajo Tribal Council, rector of Education for the Al charged two years ago with un Window Rock, Arizona coholism Foundation of BC, who lawfully hunting big game with first spoke to the club in October the use of night lights. Wednesday, February 5th, 9.00 a.m. - 12.30 p.m., 2.00 - 5.00 p.m., 8.00 - 10.00 p.m.: and met with such a response They were originally acquitted • Reports - Indian and Metis Delegates that he was invited to give an by a magistrate's court on • Regional group meetings - Northern Region, Eastern Region, other talk the following month. grounds that Manitoba hunting Southern and Western Region, Interlake Region, Urban Areas The two other speakers who laws and regulations do not apply • Address - Guy Williams, President of the British Columbia have received "encores" from to Indians who are hunting on Native Brotherhood club members are Alfred T. land to which they have access. Thursday, February 6th, 9.00 a.m. - 12.30 p.m., 1.30 - 4.30 p.m., Clarke, a member of the Catholic 6.00 p.m.: Lawyers Guild of BC, who con However, the Manitoba Appeal • Regional group meetings continued Court reversed this decision, rul ducted an extraordinarily helpful • Regiona~ group meetings continued stUdy-session on the Indian Act ing that although Indians are en • Banquet - Speaker - Honourable J. B. Carroll, Minister of titled to hunt for food on land to Welfare, Province of Manitoba - Entertainment follows. at the club's December 10 meet ing; and Julie Paul, a club mem which they have a right of ac Friday, February 7th, 9.00 a.m. - 12.30 p.m.: cess, they cannot adopt hunting ber who is totally blind. • Summary and Evaluation - Ralph Staples, Co-op Union of Julie, who is 20 years old, gave methods prohibited by provincial Canada legislation. a talk on her experiences at the • Resolutions Jericho Hill School for the Blind The appeal court ruling was Conference Pl'anning Committee in Vancouver where she is a stu upset by the Supreme Court's Co-Chairmen ...... S. J. Borgford, James Moor dent. Blind since birth, she went judgment. Vice-Chairman ...... Percy Bird to school for the first time at the In their appeal here, Mr. Prince Secreta ry ...... Lloyd Lenton age of 18, when she entered Jeri and Mr. Myron said all treaty cho HilL During these two years Indians should know whether she has completed, all in braille, provincial laws take precedence hp.r provincial school studies from over the right of hunting for food Club Members Panel Indian Volunteers Man Grade 1 to Grade 8 and is now which was given to them under taking Grade 9 subjects. Next federal treaty. On Indian Affairs ~ ~ewly·Opened Centre year she hopes to take a switch An hour-long barrage of ques The Vancouver Indian Centre, board operator's course at CNIB tions about the Indian people was located at the former Baynes' reo headquarters in Vancouver. Cadet Committee adroitly handled by three senior sidence, 1200 West Broadway in During her talk, Julie also gave members of the Catholic Indian Vancouver, and opened Sunday, a practical demonstration of the Takes Top Award Study and Leadership Club of December 1, is being staffed tem· braille language, using a panel Vancouver at the December 3 porarily by Indian volunteers. of lights controlled by a keyboard Two delegates from the RCAF meeting of the Parent-Teacher The center, which is open from by means of which she was able Cadet Squadron, Williams Lake, Association of Our Lady of Mercy 1 p.m. daily, has an all·Indian to illustrate to club members the attended the provincial conven school in Burnaby. board of directors headed by Al various dotted signs used in the tion of the Air Cadet League of fred Scow, Vancouver lawyer, braille technique. The three panelists - Kathy Canada held in Vancouver recent and an Advisory Board made up Julie's talk drew prolonged ap Wallace, 20, from Mount Currie, ly. of representatives of various plause from her audience which Leonard Bob, 20, from Sliammon, church groups and other interest only ceased when she promised to They we r e Father Hubert Powell River and Gabriel Jack, ed organizations in the commu give another talk to the club at a O'Connor, OMI, principal of the 22, from Friendly Cove, west nity. later date. Cariboo Indian School, and Eric coast of Vancouver Island - Centre board member Mrs. Halpin of the Indian Affairs acted as "reinforcements" for Victor Guerin of the Musqueam Branch at Williams Lake. Mr. club director, Kay Cronin, who BC Newsbr'iefs Reserve is directing the volunteer Halpin, a former RAF pilot, is was guest-speaker at the meeting. • Lejac I n d ian Residential adjutant of the 610 (Cariboo) group which is staffing the cen School in northern BC, long lack Squadron which is centred at the Making the most of this oppor tre for the time being. She is as· ing proper recreational facilities, Cariboo Indian School and made tunity to get personal views from sisted in this project by Mrs. R. now boasts an indoor curling up of both white and Indian lads. young Indians, PTA members W. Cantryn, secretary of the rink. The 150' x 20' rink was built sought the panelists' opinions on During the convention the board. by the boys at the school under a wide range of subject relating Among the volunteers who act the direction of their supervisor squadron's sponsoring committee, to Indian affairs, including the the Knights of Columbus, were as hosts or hostesses at the cen· Brother James Callanan, OMI, reserve system, Indian lands, tre are senior members of the judged the best of 37 committees who master-minded the project. class distinction, education and Catholic Indian Study and Lead Burns Lake Curling Club have in the province and were present discrimina tion. ed with a cup. ership Club. donated a complete set of rocks Miss Wallace is a stenographer The centre will be operated for the new rink. This is the only squadron in the at Junior Red Cross House in with volunteer help until such • Catholic Indian students in province s p 0 n s 0 red by the Vancouver, while the 'two young time as enough money can be Vancouver have started a "Satur Knights. men, Leonard Bob and Gabriel raised to employ a full·time di day Club", meeting every Satur Jack, both work in the Land Re. rector. Its chief function will be day night at the home of Mr. and We urge our readers to send I gistry Office at the Court House to act as a referral agency and Mrs. Jan (Judo-instructor) Kuin their reports, photographs, news in New Westminster. social centre for Indian people in of St. Augustine's parish, for so~ items, regularly to: Vancouver. cial and cultural activities. Their The Editor, IN.DIAN RECORD, Pastor of Our Lady of Mercy Among items needed at the latest project has been to bake parish is Father Gordon McK.in.- centre for the young people are hundreds of cookies for distribu 207Winnipeg - 276 1,Mcin Man. St. non, fItormer y pas or all-t Ch 11 crib boards, card tables, ping-pong tion to all the Indian children who wack, BC, who ere h. e. served a balls, a pool table, coffee mugs, will be patients in the city's hos Deadline for the next issue is b f I d February 4. I num er 0 n Ian mIssIOns. a set of encyclopedias and group pitals at Christmas. ______-: OBLATE NEWS I table-games, such as table-hockey. OBLATE NEWS