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The 400Th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and Its Meaning in 2012
The 400th Anniversary of the Lancashire Witch-Trials: Commemoration and its Meaning in 2012. Todd Andrew Bridges A thesis submitted for the degree of M.A.D. History 2016. Department of History The University of Essex 27 June 2016 1 Contents Abbreviations p. 3 Acknowledgements p. 4 Introduction: p. 5 Commemorating witch-trials: Lancashire 2012 Chapter One: p. 16 The 1612 Witch trials and the Potts Pamphlet Chapter Two: p. 31 Commemoration of the Lancashire witch-trials before 2012 Chapter Three: p. 56 Planning the events of 2012: key organisations and people Chapter Four: p. 81 Analysing the events of 2012 Conclusion: p. 140 Was 2012 a success? The Lancashire Witches: p. 150 Maps: p. 153 Primary Sources: p. 155 Bibliography: p. 159 2 Abbreviations GC Green Close Studios LCC Lancashire County Council LW 400 Lancashire Witches 400 Programme LW Walk Lancashire Witches Walk to Lancaster PBC Pendle Borough Council PST Pendle Sculpture Trail RPC Roughlee Parish Council 3 Acknowledgement Dr Alison Rowlands was my supervisor while completing my Masters by Dissertation for History and I am honoured to have such a dedicated person supervising me throughout my course of study. I gratefully acknowledge Dr Rowlands for her assistance, advice, and support in all matters of research and interpretation. Dr Rowland’s enthusiasm for her subject is extremely motivating and I am thankful to have such an encouraging person for a supervisor. I should also like to thank Lisa Willis for her kind support and guidance throughout my degree, and I appreciate her providing me with the materials that were needed in order to progress with my research and for realising how important this research project was for me. -
Jonas Moore Trail
1 The Pendle Witches He would walk the three miles to Burnley Grammar School down Foxendole Lane towards Jonas Moore was the son of a yeoman farmer the river Calder, passing the area called West his fascinating four and a half called John Moore, who lived at Higher White Lee Close where Chattox had lived. in Higham, close to Pendle Hill. Charged for crimes committed using mile trail goes back over 400 This was the early 17th century and John witchcraft, Chattox was hanged, alongside years of history in a little- Moore and his wife lived close to Chattox, the Alizon Device and other rival family members and known part of the Forest of Bowland, most notorious of the so called Pendle Witches. neighbours, on the hill above Lancaster, called The Moores became one of many families caught Golgotha. These were turbulent and dangerous an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. up in events which were documented in the times in Britain’s history, including huge religious It explores a hidden valley where there are world famous trial. intolerance between Protestants and Catholics. Elizabethan manor houses and evidence of According to the testimony of eighteen year Civil War the past going back to medieval times and old Alizon Device, who was the granddaughter of the alleged Pendle witch Demdike, John earlier. The trail brings to light the story of Sir Moore had quarrelled with Chattox, accusing her In 1637, at the age of 20, Jonas Moore was Jonas Moore, a remarkable mathematician of turning his ale sour. proficient in legal Latin and was appointed clerk and radical thinker that time has forgotten. -
Bowland Tea Shops
1 Forest of Bowland Tea Shops FOREST OF BOWLAND A place to enjoy and keep special 2 Forest of Bowland A Place to Enjoy and Keep Special Expanses of sky above the wild dramatic sweep of open moorland. Gentle and tidy lowlands, criss-crossed with dry stone walls and dotted with picturesque farms and villages. This is a place like no other, a place with a strong sense of stepping back in time to a forgotten part of the English countryside, a place known as Bowland – the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Situated in NorthWest England, covering 803 square kilometres (300 sq miles) of rural Lancashire and North Yorkshire, the Forest of Bowland AONB is in two parts. The famous landmark of Pendle Hill is geologically linked to the main upland block but separated by the broad valley of the River Ribble. The area surrounding this outlier is known locally as the Forest of Pendle, whilst being under the umbrella of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty title and designation. 3 Forest of Bowland A Place to Enjoy and Keep Special The Forest of Bowland AONB is protected by law to ensure the conservation and enhancement of its natural beauty, not just for the present, but also for future generations. AONBs have been regarded for generations as treasured areas with special character, and are designated for the quality of their landscapes. The Forest of Bowland was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1964 under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1949) and was recognised by the government as being of equal status as National Parks by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW) 2000. -
Barrowford Conservation Area Was Designated in February 1987, As a Southwards Extension to the Higherford Conservation Area Which Had Been Designated in 1981
Conservation Area Character Appraisal Barrowford July 2010 £15.00 Conservation Area Character Appraisal Barrowford Contents 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 Planning Policy Framework................................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Summary of Special Interest ................................................................................................................................................. 4 4.0 Location and Setting .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Location and context ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 General character and plan form.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Landscape setting .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5.0 Historic Development and Archaeology.............................................................................................................................. -
Forest of Bowland AONB PO Box 9, Guild House Cross Street, Preston, PR1 8RD Tel:01772 531473 Fax: 01772 533423 [email protected]
Sense of Place Toolkit Forest of Bowland AONB PO Box 9, Guild House Cross Street, Preston, PR1 8RD Tel:01772 531473 Fax: 01772 533423 [email protected] www.forestofbowland.com The Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is a nationally protected landscape and internationally important for its heather moorland, blanket bog and rare birds. The AONB is managed by a partnership of landowners, farmers, voluntary organisations, wildlife groups, recreation groups, local councils and government agencies, who work to protect, conserve and enhance the natural and cultural heritage of this special area. Lancashire County Council acts as the lead authority for the Forest of Bowland AONB Joint Advisory Committee a partnership comprising: Lancashire County Council, North Yorkshire County Council, Craven District Council, Lancaster City Council, Pendle Borough Council, Preston City Council, Ribble Valley Borough Council,Wyre Borough Council, Lancashire Association of Parish and Town Councils,Yorkshire Local Councils Association, NWDA, DEFRA, Countryside Agency, United Utilities plc, Environment Agency, English Nature, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Forest of Bowland Landowning and Farmers Advisory Group and the Ramblers Association. FOREST OF BOWLAND Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Contents Welcome Welcome 02 Introduction 03 How to use this toolkit 05 A place to enjoy and keep special 07 Delicious local food and drink 13 A landscape rich in heritage 17 A living landscape 21 Wild open spaces 25 A special place for wildlife 29 Glossary 34 Welcome to the Sense of Place Toolkit. Its purpose is to help you to use the special qualities of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in order to improve the performance of your business. -
Field Day Info 2013
RED POLL CATTLE SOCIETY Established 1888 1 Nabbott Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 2SW 01245 600032 [email protected] www.redpoll.org Field Day – Sunday 21 st July 2013 Mr & Mrs R Clowes invite you to the Field Day at Admergill Hall Farm Gisburn Road Blacko Nelson Lancashire BB9 6LB Tel: 01282 695645 Email: [email protected] Admergill Hall Farm lies in the heart of the Forest of Pendle on the edge of the Pennines, famous for outstanding views and local history. The Pendle Way Public Footpath is right on the doorstep. The farm house is a 16 th century listed building. Richard and Rachael met later in life and moved to Admergill Hall Farm three years ago. Prior to this Richard had spent his life in Dairy farming, milking 160 Brown Swiss cows and Rachael’s background is as an Accident and Emergency Nurse at Airedale General Hospital. The farm consists of a total of 246 acres, half of which is heather moorland with a small grouse population and the remainder permanent grassland with a few acres of amenity woodland. The majority of the farm is currently run on a higher level stewardship scheme. After setting up a suckler herd initially based on a variety of mixed breeds including one or two Pedigree Red Polls, it became quickly apparent that the Red Polls were the perfect breed for what is in essence a low production farm. The Admergill herd now comprising of around 40 breeding cows from various pedigree breeders run with our stock bull Bowland Vincentio to produce quality offspring for the basis of Admergill Red Polls. -
230616 Barley Picnic
HATTERS MIRROR CHECK Sunday 23rd June 2016 Barley Picnic – Evening Ride-out This was the first of the evening ride-outs on the 2016 Ride-out Calendar and 14 bikes with 4 pillion riders turned out on a lovely warm evening to leave Decathon car park bang on time at 7.00pm to head off to Barley. Barley is a village in the borough of Pendle in Lancashire and lies between the Black Moss Reservoirs and the Ogden Reservoirs and is inside the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). When ‘Googling’ the location, it should not be confused with similar sounding ‘Bali’ (as it was by some members) which is an island in Indonesia and would be much too far to go on an evening ride-out! Head Road Captain Ross was leading this one and the outward run took us around the M60 to the M66 and then onto the A56. We then picked up the A6068 and after passing through Higham we turned left towards Barley. Arriving in the village around 8pm we parked up the bikes on the car park and made our way to the picnic area where the more ‘nimble of foot’ amongst us managed to bag the table in the sunshine while the rest took the more traditional approach with a blanket on the ground. The Doc had had the forethought to bring his own folding chair which looked really comfortable. The picnic fayre had the usual mix of standards ranging from the ‘carefully prepared complete with picnic basket’ to the ‘hastily grabbed meal deal’ obtained from the supermarket on the way to Decathlon. -
Barley and Black Moss a Fantastic Countryside Route, Offering Stunning Views of Pendle Hill
1 Barley and Black Moss A fantastic countryside route, offering stunning views of Pendle Hill START: The Barley Mow, Barley (GPS waypoint SD 821 404) DISTANCE: 6.5 miles (10.5km) DIFFICULTY: HEIGHT GAIN: APPROX. TIME: 2 hours 30 minutes PARKING: The Barley Mow or Barley car park ROUTE TERRAIN: Tarmac lanes, fields and moorland FACILITIES: Toilets and refreshments available in Barley SUITABILITY: Not suitable for wheelchairs or prams, dogs allowed but must be kept under control around livestock OS MAPS: Landranger 103 (Blackburn and Burnley), Explorer OL21 (South Pennines) David Turner LANCASHIRE WALKS BARLEY AND BLACK MOSS through agriculture and there is Downham, Barrowford and travelling from further afield, you evidence of a cattle farm being Nelson. For more times, visit can catch the train to Clitheroe established in the area around www.lancashire.gov.uk and from Manchester Victoria, which The walker’s view 1266. The village continued to search for the Clitheroe Local calls at Salford, Bolton, Blackburn earn its living through farming Services and Pendle Witch and Darwen, then catch the bus David Turner explores Pendle until the 18th century, when Hopper timetable. If you’re to Barley from there. on this route textiles were manufactured and I felt a pang of regret as I pulled into the car handlooms were installed in the park to begin this walk around the fields and lofts of many smallholdings, as moorland of Barley. Fancy turning up in the shadow of Pendle Hill an extra form of income. Where to visit and not climbing to the top! Unforgivable – or so I thought. -
Centre of Britain
Centre of Britain In the beginning of time Pendle Hill in Lancashire was the centre of Great Briton. Before coastal corrosion. This is why the area is so steeped in history both good and evil. Today the Centre of Britain is. Dunsop Bridge, Lancashire BB7 - England, UK. Much debate surrounds the exact position of the centre of Great Britain. Dunsop Bridge was officially recognised by the Ordnance Survey in 1992 as the nearest village to the centre of the British Isles and BT marked this by placing its 100,000th telephone box on the village green. However, the actual centre of the British Isles is in fact at SD 64188.3 56541.43, at Whitendale Hanging Stones on the hills seven kilometres north of Dunsop Bridge. Others would argue that the centre is much further north in Haltwhistle. It all depends on how you calculate it. In the beginning of time Pendle Hill in Lancashire was the centre of Great Briton. This is why the area is so steeped in history both good and evil. History of Pendle Mesolithic Man 12,000 - 3,000 BC: The earliest signs of man in Pendle come from the small flints left behind by Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) man at places like Boulsworth Moor, Monkroyd, Wycoller and Catlow. Items including stone axe heads and more advanced tools suggest that Neolithic man was present in Pendle towards the end of this period. Bronze Age 3,000 - 1000 BC: Pendle was part of a trade route between the Yorkshire coast and Ireland. The remains of burial grounds along with various artifacts have been found along the route which ran through areas such ad Brinks Ends, Trawden, and Blacko Hill. -
Pendle Hill Landscape Conservation Action Plan: Part 1 CONTENTS
BOWLAND Pendle Hill Landscape Conservation Action Plan: Part 1 CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 2 1.1 Location 2 1.2 Partnership 2 Chapter 2: Vision, Aims and Objectives 4 2.1 Vision, Aims and Objectives 4 2.2 Scheme Aims 4 2.3 Scheme Objectives 4 2.4 Partnership Values 4 2.5 Development and Consultation 5 2.6 Structure of the LCAP 6 Chapter 3: What Makes Pendle Hill Special? Our Sense of Place 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Landscape 7 3.3 Geology 8 3.4 Biodiversity and Habitats 9 3.5 Archaeology and Early History 10 3.6 Built Heritage 11 3.7 Cultural, Inspirational and Spiritual Value 12 3.8 Recreation and Tourism 13 Chapter 4: Understanding Pendle Hill 15 4.1 The Meaning of Landscape 15 4.2 Context and Location 15 4.3 Policy Background 17 4.4 Defining the LP Boundary 18 4.5 The Making of the Pendle Hill Landscape 18 4.6 Landscape Character Assessment 28 4.7 Historic Development of the LP Area 35 4.8 Habitats and Wildlife 39 4.9 Farming and Land Use 41 4.10 Boundaries 44 4.11 Ecosystem Services 46 4.12 Communities 48 4.13 The Visitor Economy 53 Chapter 5: A Landscape Under Threat – Risks and Opportunities 56 5.1 Introduction 56 5.2 Environmental Threats and Opportunities 57 5.3 Economic Changes, Threats and Opportunities 61 5.4 Everyone – Threats and Opportunities 62 5.5 Delivery of Activity 66 5.6 Future Aspirations 67 5.7 References 68 Pendle Hill Landscape Conservation Action Plan: Part 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Not quite a mountain, yet much more than ‘just a hill’: a beloved and familiar backdrop to the lives of local people, a destination for many thousands of visitors in search of fresh air, walks, great food and of course, the witches… Pendle Hill is an icon of the Lancashire landscape. -
Response Letter to 2020 PAG Newsletters
FOPH 1e Richard Higgin’s response to PAG newsletters: 1. In the April 2020 newsletter, David Taylor outlined the geography of the medieval cow farm or vaccary of Barley Booth. To avoid confusion, it is worth mentioning that Barley Booth had 3 vaccaries called Barley Booth, Wheatley Booth and Whitehough Booth. David’s article dealt only with the former. I agree with David on all the points he makes about the Barley vaccary. The SE-facing aspect, the present field boundaries and the watercourses, all point to Ing End Farm being the most likely spot for the vaccary farmstead, as it had a good supply of water and, being tucked under Pendle Hill, it is sheltered from both west- and easterly winds. Nestling in its natural bowl, it is a top-coat warmer than other nearby vaccaries. The Barley Booth vaccary is higher in altitude, but it has a warmer climate than the vaccaries at both Roughlee and Goldshaw Booths. The latter lie in the SW-NE aligned Sabden Valley, which is exposed to the prevailing winds. David mentioned ‘murrain’, which is not recognised as a modern farming ailment. It is not one illness, but a general medieval term covering many ailments, such as ‘foot and mouth’, ‘anthrax’, ‘skitts’ and many others. 2. In Ian Rowley’s April 2020 article on ‘The Usage of Calf Hill Ditch’, he is to be congratulated on making an excellent contribution to the discussion on the origin of the ‘Ditch and Bank’. He makes many profound observations and includes many very valuable maps, relevant illustrations and photographs. -
2021To22 Visitors Guide
Pendle Visitor Guide 2021/22 Where to stay and what to do www.visitpendle.com 1 FRIENDLY, FUN AND AFFORDABLE, THE LEISURE BOX HAS SOMETHING Escape to Pendle FOR EVERYONE TO ENJOY. 18-LINE BURNLEY AND PENDLE’S OUTDOOR CLIP ‘N’ CLIMB ONLY INDOOR 4G PITCH 3G PITCH SOFT PLAY CRICKET SPORTS HALL GYM DANCE STUDIO AND CLASSROOMS! Come to Pendle and you will get the warmest Talking about our towns, Barrrowford, Barnoldswick, Brierfield, Colne, Earby and Nelson have great independent shops, theatres, eating welcome ever. and drinking establishments and unique histories to explore. There’s also lots of fantastic events all year round, including the award- Pendle is ideally located as it is very easy to get to, but you once you winning Great British Rhythm and Blues Festival, Barnoldswick Beach, arrive you’ll feel a million miles away from anywhere. Colne Grand Prix cycle race, Nelson Food Festival, and the Pendle Perfect for your escape! You will be amazed by the sheer variety of Walking Festival. things you can do here. At the end of each day of your special break in Pendle you can enjoy a One moment you’ll be walking up one of Lancashire’s most iconic FIND US: THE LEISURE BOX, NORTHLIGHT, GLEN WAY, BRIERFIELD, BB9 5NH relaxing stay in a great range of places. landmarks, Pendle Hill. From friendly B&Bs, to cottages with amazing views and hot tubs, The next you’ll be discovering one of the world’s most fascinating true THELEISUREBOX.ORG @THELEISUREBOX @LEISUREBOX @THELEISUREBOX from a youth hostel near to a waterfall next to the Pennine Way to a stories of witchcraft - The Pendle Witches.