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Nternational Handbook of Academic Research and Teaching ISSN 2150-6906 nternational Handbook of Academic Research and Teaching 2010 Proceedings Volume 10 Published by: Intellectbase International Consortium . INTELLECTBASE INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM Academic Conference, Houston, TX, March 18-20, 2010 Intellectual Perspectives & Multi-Disciplinary Foundations Conference Proceedings Spring 2010 PROGRAM COMMITTEE Dr. David King Dr. Jifu Wang Conference Chair & Editor Conference Co-Chair Mrs. Karina Dyer Mr. Ben Murray Australian Affiliate & Senior Executive Web Manager & Research Associate CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS & INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATES United States Australia Europe Ms. Regina Beam Mrs. Karina Dyer Mr. Kevin Kofi Mr. Robert Edwards Mr. Graeme William Mr. Benjamin Effa Mrs. Erin Murray Ms. Michelle Joanne Ms. Christina Maame Ms. Loria Hampton Mrs. Wendy Morrell Mr. Kenneth Obeng www.intellectbase.org Published by Intellectbase International Consortium (IIC) Conference Committee: Intellectbase International Consortium, 1615 Seventh Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37208, USA ISSN (Print): 1940-1876 --------- Issued by the Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA ISSN (CD-ROM): 1940-1884 --------- Issued by the Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA ©2010. This volume is copyright to the Intellectbase International Consortium Academic Conferences. Apart from use as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD (EEB) AND REVIEWERS TASK PANEL (RTP) Dr. David White Dr. Dennis Taylor Roosevelt University, USA RMIT University, Australia Dr. Danka Radulovic Dr. Harrison C. Hartman University of Belgrade, Serbia University of Georgia, USA Dr. Sloan T. Letman, III Dr. Sushil Misra American Intercontinental University, USA Concordia University, Canada Dr. Jiri Strouhal Dr. Avis Smith University of Economics-Prague, Czech Republic New York City College of Technology, USA Dr. Joel Jolayemi Dr. Smaragda Papadopoulou Tennessee State University, USA University of Ioannina, Greece Dr. Xuefeng Wang Dr. Burnette Hamil Taiyun Normal University, China Mississippi State University, USA Dr. Jeanne Kuhler Dr. Alejandro Flores Castro Auburn University, USA Universidad de Pacifico, Peru Dr. Babalola J. Ogunkola Dr. Robert Robertson Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria Southern Utah University, USA Dr. Debra Shiflett Dr. Sonal Chawla American Intercontinental University, USA Panjab University, India Dr. Cheaseth Seng Dr. Jianjun Yin RMIT University, Australia Jackson State Univerrsity, USA Dr. R. Ivan Blanco Dr. Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad Texas State University – San Marcos, USA North-West University, South Africa Dr. Tahir Husain Dr. James D. Williams Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Kutztown University, USA Dr. Jifu Wang Dr. Tehmina Khan University of Houston Victoria, USA RMIT University, Australia Dr. Janet Forney Dr. Werner Heyns Piedmont College, USA Savell Bird & Axon, UK Dr. Adnan Bahour Dr. Mike Thomas Zagazig University, Egypt Humboldt State University, USA Dr. Rodney Davis Dr. William Ebomoyi Troy University, USA Chicago State University, USA 6 EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD (EEB) AND REVIEWERS TASK PANEL (RTP) (Continued) Dr. Mumbi Kariuki Dr. Khalid Alrawi Nipissing University, Canada Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, UAE Dr. Mohsen Naser-Tavakolian Dr. Joselina Cheng San Francisco State University, USA University of Central Oklahoma, USA Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed Dr. Natalie Housel James Cook University, Australia Tennessee State University, USA Dr. Regina Schaefer Dr. Nitya Karmakar University of La Verne, USA University of Western Sydney, Australia Dr. Ademola Olatoye Dr. Anita King Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria University of South Alabama, USA Dr. Dana Tesone Dr. Lloyd V. Dempster University of Central Florida, USA Texas A & M University - Kingsville, USA Dr. Farhad Simyar Dr. Bijesh Tolia Chicago State University, USA Chicago State University, USA Dr. John O'Shaughnessy Dr. John Elson San Francisco State University, USA National University, USA Dr. Stephen Kariuki Dr. Demi Chung Nipissing University, Canada University of Sydney, Australia Dr. Rose Mary Newton Dr. James (Jim) Robbins University of Alabama, USA Trinity Washington University, USA Dr. Mahmoud Al-Dalahmeh Dr. Jeffrey (Jeff) Kim University of Wollongong, Australia University of Washington, USA Dr. Shahnawaz Muhammed Dr. Dorothea Gaulden Fayetteville State University, USA Sensible Solutions, USA Dr. Brett Sims Dr. Gerald Marquis Grambling State University, USA Tennessee State University, USA Dr. Frank Tsui Ms. Katherine Leslie Southern Polytechnic State University, USA American Intercontinental University, USA Dr. John Tures Dr. David Davis LaGrange College, USA The University of West Florida, USA Dr. Mary Montgomery Dr. Peter Ross Jacksonville State University, USA Mercer University, USA Dr. Frank Cheng Dr. Van Reidhead Central Michigan University, USA University of Texas-Pan American, USA Dr. Vera Lim Mei-Lin Dr. Denise Richardson The University of Sydney, Australia Bluefield State College, USA Dr. Robin Latimer Dr. Reza Vaghefi Lamar University, USA University of North Florida, USA Ms. Alison Duggins Dr. Jeffrey Siekpe American Intercontinental University, USA Tennessee State University, USA EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD (EEB) AND REVIEWERS TASK PANEL (RTP) (Continued) Dr. Michael Alexander Dr. Greg Gibbs University of Arkansas at Monticello, USA St. Bonaventure University, USA Dr. Kehinde Alebiosu Dr. Mike Rippy Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria Troy University, USA Dr. Gina Pipoli de Azambuja Dr. Steven Watts Universidad de Pacifico, Peru Pepperdine University, USA Dr. Andy Ju An Wang Dr. Ada Anyamene Southern Polytechnic State University, USA Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria Dr. Edilberto Raynes Dr. Nancy Miller Tennessee State University, USA Governors State University, USA Dr. Dobrivoje Radovanovic Dr. David F. Summers University of Belgrade, Serbia University of Houston-Victoria, USA Dr. George Romeo Dr. Robert Kitahara Rowan University, USA Troy University – Southeast Region, USA Dr. William Root Dr. Brandon Hamilton Augusta State University, USA Hamilton's Solutions, USA Dr. Natalie Weathers Dr. William Cheng Philadelphia University, USA Troy University, USA Dr. Linwei Niu Dr. Taida Kelly Claflin University, USA Governors State University, USA Dr. Nesa L’Abbe Wu Dr. Denise de la Rosa Eastern Michigan University, USA Grand Valley State University, USA Dr. Rena Ellzy Dr. Kimberly Johnson Tennessee State University, USA Auburn University Montgomery, USA Dr. Kathleen Quinn Dr. Sameer Vaidya Louisiana State University, USA Texas Wesleyan University, USA Dr. Josephine Ebomoyi Dr. Pamela Guimond Northwestern Memorial Hospital, USA Governors State University, USA Dr. Douglas Main Dr. Vivian Kirby Eastern New Mexico University, USA Kennesaw State University, USA Dr. Sonya Webb Dr. Randall Allen Montgomery Public Schools, USA Southern Utah University, USA Dr. Angela Williams Dr. Claudine Jaenichen Alabama A&M University, USA Chapman University, USA Dr. Carolyn Spillers Jewell Dr. Richard Dane Holt Fayetteville State University, USA Eastern New Mexico University, USA Dr. Kingsley Harbor Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli Jacksonville State University, USA Coastline Community College, USA Dr. Joan Popkin Dr. William J. Carnes Tennessee State University, USA Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA 8 EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD (EEB) AND REVIEWERS TASK PANEL (RTP) (Continued) Dr. Chris Myers Dr. Faith Anyachebelu Texas A & M University – Commerce, USA Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria Dr. Kevin Barksdale Dr. Donna Cooner Union University, USA Colorado State University, USA Dr. Michael Campbell Dr. Kenton Fleming Florida A&M University, USA Southern Polytechnic State University, USA Dr. Thomas Griffin Dr. Zoran Ilic Nova Southeastern University, USA University of Belgrade, Serbia Dr. James N. Holm Dr. Edilberto A. Raynes University of Houston-Victoria, USA Tennessee State University, USA Dr. Richard Dane Holt Dr. Cerissa Stevenson Veterans' Administration, USA Colorado State University, USA Dr. Rhonda Holt Dr. Donna Stringer New Mexico Christian Children's Home, USA University of Houston-Victoria, USA Dr. Yu-Wen Huang Dr. Lesley M. Mace Spalding University, USA Auburn University Montgomery, USA Dr. Christian V. Fugar Dr. Cynthia Summers Dillard University, USA University of Houston-Victoria, USA Dr. John M. Kagochi Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli University of Houston-Victoria, USA Coastline Community College, USA Dr. Yong-Gyo Lee Dr. Rehana Whatley University of Houston-Victoria, USA Oakwood University, USA Dr. George Mansour Dr. Jianjun Yin DeVry College of NY, USA Jackson State University, USA Dr. Peter Miller Dr. Carolyn S. Payne Indiana Wesleyan University, USA Nova Southeastern University, USA Dr. Ted Mitchell Dr. Veronica Paz University of Nevada, USA Nova Southeastern University, USA Dr. Alma Mintu-Wimsatt Dr. Terence Perkins Texas A & M University – Commerce, USA Veterans' Administration, USA Dr. Liz Mulig Dr. Dev Prasad University of Houston-Victoria, USA University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA Dr. Robert R. O'Connell Jr. Dr. Kong-Cheng Wong JSA Healthcare Corporation, USA Governors State University, USA Dr. P.N. Okorji Dr. Azene Zenebe Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria Bowie State University, USA Dr. James Ellzy Dr. Sandra Davis Tennessee State University, USA The University of West Florida, USA Dr. Padmini Banerjee Dr. Yvonne Ellis Delaware State University, USA Columbus State University, USA EXECUTIVE EDITORIAL BOARD (EEB)
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