Tipularia Japonica F. Harae and T. Josephi F. Cunninghamii: New Combinations and New Status for Tipularia Harae and Didiciea Cunninghamii (Orchidaceae)
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Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 ON THE COVER Duck potato (Sagittaria latifolia) at Ocmulgee National Monument. Photograph by: Sarah C. Heath, SECN Botanist. Vegetation Community Monitoring at Ocmulgee National Monument, 2011 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2014/702 Sarah Corbett Heath1 Michael W. Byrne2 1USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore 101 Wheeler Street Saint Marys, Georgia 31558 2USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, Georgia 30605 September 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. -
Native Vascular Flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia
Native Vascular Flora City of Alexandria, Virginia Photo by Gary P. Fleming December 2015 Native Vascular Flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia December 2015 By Roderick H. Simmons City of Alexandria Department of Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities, Natural Resources Division 2900-A Business Center Drive Alexandria, Virginia 22314 [email protected] Suggested citation: Simmons, R.H. 2015. Native vascular flora of the City of Alexandria, Virginia. City of Alexandria Department of Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities, Alexandria, Virginia. 104 pp. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Geology and Soils .................................................................................................................... 3 History of Botanical Studies in Alexandria .............................................................................. 5 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Results and Discussion .................................................................................................................... -
Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment
Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1–274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 [email protected] JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of Floristic Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic relationships, new combinations are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri , and problems in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswalk Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri. -
Conservation Assessment for Three Birds Orchid (Triphora Trianthophora)
Conservation Assessment for Three Birds Orchid (Triphora trianthophora) USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region Prepared by: Jennifer M. Ramstetter Professor of Biology Marlboro College This document is undergoing peer review, comments welcome This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Three Birds Orchid (Triphora trianthophora) 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES.............................................................. 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY .................................................. 6 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .................................................................... 6 SPECIES BIOLOGY................................................................................... -
FINAL REPORT Orchids and Their Mycorrhizal Fungi at Cove Point (Calvert County, Maryland) Melissa Mccormick and Dennis Whigham
FINAL REPORT Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi at Cove Point (Calvert County, Maryland) Melissa McCormick and Dennis Whigham, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd., Edgewater, Maryland 21037. December, 2004 Objectives The objectives of this project were: 1. Conduct an inventory of fungi that form mycorrhizae with orchids at the Cove Point site. 2. Compare the fungi found at Cove Point with fungi collected from similar orchid species at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and other sites throughout eastern North America. 3. Conduct experiments using seed packets to determine if the distribution of appropriate orchid- fungi limits the distribution of orchids at Cove Point. 4. Initiate a monitoring project of Cove Point orchids to evaluate population dynamics. Study Conclusions 1. Inventory of fungi – Our first goal was to locate populations of seven orchid species (Cypripedium acaule, Galearis spectabilis, Goodyera pubescens, Isotria verticillata, Platanthera clavellata, Spiranthes vernalis, Tipularia discolor) at Cove Point (See Fig. 1 for photos of those species we found). The species had previously been located and identified by Brent Steury and he provided us with a general map showing various locations where he had previously found plants. We visited the Cove Point site five times during 2003 and once during 2004, representing approximately 20 person-days. The main result of our searching in 2003 was frustration as we found few orchids of only two species (Platanthera clavellata, Tipularia discolor) in enough abundance to make multiple collections of roots. Because we were having difficulty in locating plants during our first collecting trip, we asked Brent to accompany us on the following visit. -
85. TIPULARIA Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 195. 1818. 筒距兰属 Tong Ju Lan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Stephan W
Flora of China 25: 250–251. 2009. 85. TIPULARIA Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 195. 1818. 筒距兰属 tong ju lan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb Didiciea King & Prain. Herbs, terrestrial, slender. Pseudobulbs cormlike and ovate, or narrowly cylindric, 1–4-noded, sometimes connected to previous year’s growth by a persistent slender rhizome. Leaf solitary, arising from apex of pseudobulb, broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, some- times with purple spots above and purple below, base abruptly contracted into a long petiole-like stalk. Inflorescence laxly racemose, arising from apex or laterally from near base of pseudobulb, erect, slender, usually enclosed at base by a few sheathing bracts; rachis laxly many flowered; floral bracts very small. Flowers resupinate, small; pedicel and ovary cylindric-fusiform, slender. Sepals and petals similar though petals slightly smaller, free, spreading, oblong to elliptic; lip ovate or oblong-obovate, entire or 3-lobed, spurred at base; spur spreading backward or ascending, shortly saccate or long, slender. Column erect, stout; anther terminal, incumbent; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, with or without a distinct stipe; viscidium inconspicuous; rostellum short, inconspicuous. Capsule pendu- lous, shortly oblong to almost spherical. Up to seven species: Bhutan, China, NE India, Japan, Myanmar, and Nepal, and a disjunct species in E North America; four species (two endemic) in China. 1a. Lip with a saccate spur at base; spur less than 1 mm ............................................................................................ 4. T. cunninghamii 1b. Lip with an elongate, cylindric spur at base; spur 6–15 mm. 2a. Spur 12–15 mm; sepals 5.5–7 mm .................................................................................................................... -
Chapter 8 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES and LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES
K.w. Dixon, S.P. Kell, R.L. Barrett and P.J. Cribb (eds) 2003. Orchid Conservation. pp. 137-158. © Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Chapter 8 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES AND LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES OF TEMPERATE TERRESTRIAL ORCIDDS AS A BASIS FOR CONSERVATION Dennis F Whigham Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Box. 28, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA. Jo H. Willems Plant Ecology Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, NL 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands. "Our knowledge about the lives ofindividual plants and oftheir persistence in plant communities is very incomplete, however, especially when perennial herbs are concerned" - C. 0. Tamm, 1948. Terrestrial orchids represent a wide diversity ofspecies that are characterised by an equally diverse range of life history attributes. Threatened and endangered species of terrestrial orchids have been identifed on all continents where they occur and conservation plans have been developed for some species. Even though there is a considerable amount of information on the ecology of terrestrial orchids, few species have been studied in detail and most management plans focus on habitat conservation. In this paper, we consider the diversity of terrestrial orchids and summarise information on threatened and endangered species from a global perspective. We also describe approaches to the conservation and restoration ofterrestrial orchids and develop the argument that much information is needed ifwe are to successfully conserve this diverse group ofplant species. 1. Introduction Terrestrial orchids represent a wide variety of life history types, from autotrophic evergreen to completely myco-heterotrophic species that obtain most oftheir resources from a mycobiont. Life history characteristics ofterrestrial orchids are generally well known (e.g. -
A New Orchid Genus, Danxiaorchis, and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Tribe Calypsoeae
A New Orchid Genus, Danxiaorchis, and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Tribe Calypsoeae Jun-Wen Zhai1,2,3, Guo-Qiang Zhang2,8, Li-Jun Chen2, Xin-Ju Xiao2, Ke-Wei Liu2,7, Wen-Chieh Tsai4,Yu- Yun Hsiao4, Huai-Zhen Tian5, Jia-Qiang Zhu6, Mei-Na Wang2, Fa-Guo Wang1, Fu-Wu Xing1*, Zhong- Jian Liu2,7,8,9* 1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and The Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 4 Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, 5 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 6 Information Center of Renhua County, Shaoguan, China, 7 Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China, 8 Landscape College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China, 9 College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Abstract Background: Orchids have numerous species, and their speciation rates are presumed to be exceptionally high, suggesting that orchids are continuously and actively evolving. The wide diversity of orchids has attracted the interest of evolutionary biologists. In this study, a new orchid was discovered on Danxia Mountain in Guangdong, China. However, the phylogenetic clarification of this new orchid requires further molecular, morphological, and phytogeographic analyses. Methodology/Principal Findings: A new orchid possesses a labellum with a large Y-shaped callus and two sacs at the base, and cylindrical, fleshy seeds, which make it distinct from all known orchid genera. -
December 2003, Volume 21 No. 4
On The Fringe Journal of the Native Plant Society of Northeastern Ohio 2003 Annual Dinner Our 21st Annual Dinner guests enjoyed beautiful weather, elegant surroundings in the Dinosaur Hall of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and a marvelous talk by Ann Haymond Zwinger sponsored jointly by the Museum’s Explorer Series. The 500-seat auditorium was filled almost to capacity. Zwinger’s subject was American alpine tundra plants, and she concentrated on those growing in the southern Rockies of Colorado where the descent from Asian roots has been unbroken by glaciation or other disruptions. The recipients of the Native Plant Society’s Annual Grant of $500 were officially recognized at the dinner. Ann Malmquist prefaced her announcement of the award with an appreciation of the CMNH and its growing importance as an intellectual and educational resource in Ohio and nearby states. RENEW NOW Our membership year runs from January to December. Please renew at the highest possible level for 2004 2003 Annual Grant Cleveland Museum of Natural History Tonight we award the Annual Grant to two students at The Dayton Museum of Natural History is no longer collection- Cleveland State University, Timothy Jones and Pedro Lake. based and has fired all of its curators. The Cincinnati Museum of They are Seniors at CSU and former students of George Natural History has moth-balled all of its collections and has laid Wilder. Pedro is also involved in creating a Manual of the off the curatorial staff. Columbus has NO natural history museum. Between New York and Chicago, only the Cleveland Museum of Grasses of Ohio with completion due in Spring Natural History and the Carnegie Museum still operate at full tilt. -
Protocorm-Supporting Fungi Are Retained in Roots of Mature Tipularia Discolor Orchids As Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Increases
plants Article Protocorm-Supporting Fungi Are Retained in Roots of Mature Tipularia discolor Orchids as Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Increases Melissa McCormick *, Robert Burnett and Dennis Whigham Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (D.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-443-482-2433 Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi are critical to understanding the distribution patterns of many plants, but they are especially important for orchids. Some orchids may change the mycorrhizal fungi they use through their lives, either in response to changes in abiotic or biotic conditions, or as a result of ontogenetic changes that alter the orchid’s need for fungal nutrition. The temperate terrestrial orchid Tipularia discolor germinates only on decomposing wood, but often persists well after the wood has completely decomposed and has been incorporated into the soil. We used PCR and Sanger sequencing to ask: (1) Do mature T. discolor retain protocorm fungi or are protocorm and adult mycorrhizal fungi mutually exclusive? (2) Are protocorm fungi limited to areas with decomposing wood? (3) Does the abundance of protocorm fungi in the substrate differ between decomposing wood and bare soil? We found that T. discolor retained protocorm fungi into maturity, regardless of whether they were growing in persistent decomposing wood or soil. Protocorm fungi were not restricted to decomposing wood but were more common and abundant in it. We conclude that the mycorrhizal Citation: McCormick, M.; Burnett, fungi associated with T. discolor change during the ontogeny of individuals. These results highlight R.; Whigham, D. Protocorm-Supporting Fungi Are the importance of assessing protocorm fungi, in addition to mycorrhizal fungi associating with adult Retained in Roots of Mature Tipularia orchids, to understand the conditions needed for orchid germination, growth, and reproduction.