Chapter 12 Molluscs

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GASTROPODS ▸ Class Gastropoda ▸ Univalve or having a lost or reduced valve CHAPTER 12 MOLLUSCS GASTROPODS GASTROPODS ▸ Torsion ▸ Coiling ▸ Puts gills and mantle cavity up front (no sediment) ▸ Planospiral ▸ Allows foot to be pulled in last as protection ▸ Conispiral ▸ results in self fouling... ▸ dextral vs. sinistral anus anterior mantle cavity anus posterior mantle head head cavity mouth mouth foot GASTROPODS GASTROPODS ▸ Coiling ▸ Mode of Nutrition—varied ▸ Planospiral ovotestis ▸ Mostly rasping with radula ▸ Conispiral eye ▸ Some predaceous— (Conus spp.) ▸ dextral vs. sinistral lung digestive tract kidney GASTROPODS ▸ Internal structure/function ▸ Respiration SLIME! ▸ Air brought in through a pneumostome in pulmonates ▸ Reproduction GASTROPODS GASTROPODS ▸ Classification—subclasses ▸ Pulmonata NUDIBRANCHS ▸ polyphyletic ▸ Prosobranchia ▸ Opisthobranchia GILLS CERATA RHINOPHORES TUBERCLES CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS ▸ Class Cephalopoda— ▸ Squid ▸ Reduced or lost shell in most ▸ some huge! ▸ Chambered Nautilus ▸ (Architeuthis dux, (Nautilus)? Mesonychoteuthis ▸ Cuttlefish hamiltoni) ▸ cuttlebone ▸ often exaggerated ▸ chambers connected by a siphuncle ▸ Reduced to a pen in squid GIANT SQUID VS. CEPHALOPODS SPERM WHALE ▸ Giant squid have been found all over the world LEGENDARY INVERTEBRATE CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS ▸ locomotion INTERNAL ANATOMY ▸ Siphon used for jet propulsion (derived from foot) ▸ respiration ▸ pair of ctenidia ▸ Closed circulatory system with multiple hearts ▸ Systemic heart ▸ Branchial or accessory hearts CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS ▸ feeding ▸ Reproduction— ▸ Predaceous ▸ dioecious ▸ Chitinous beak ▸ direct development ▸ blue-ringed octopus (tetrodotoxin) ▸ intromittent structure in males ▸ Sensory ▸ intelligence? ▸ statocysts ▸ hair cells ▸ balance, posture, eye movements, ▸ color matching ▸ visual CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS ▸ sepia (ink) ▸ Excellent, image-forming eyes (analogous to vertebrate eye) COLOR CHANGE ▸ Chromatophores ▸ color vision? ▸ chromatophores ▸ photocytes CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS COLOR CHANGE COLOR CHANGE ▸ color vision? ▸ color vision? ▸ chromatophores ▸ chromatophores ▸ photocytes ▸ photocytes CEPHALOPODS platyhelminthes (outgroup) ▸ Subclasses Nautiloidea, Ammonoidea (extinct) and Coleoidea (all living cephalopods except Nautilus) caudofoveata ▸ orders - sepiida (cuttlefish), teuthida, octopoda, vampyromorphida solenogastres mollusca polyplacophora monoplacophora conchifera gastropoda cephalopoda bivalvia Vampyroteuthis infernalis ammonite not a nautilus scaphopoda.

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Nautiloid Shell Morphology
MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO MEMOIR 13 Nautiloid Shell Morphology By ROUSSEAU H. FLOIVER 1964 STATEBUREAUOFMINESANDMINERALRESOURCES NEWMEXICOINSTITUTEOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY CAMPUSSTATION SOCORRO, NEWMEXICO NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY E. J. Workman, President STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Alvin J. Thompson, Director THE REGENTS MEMBERS EXOFFICIO THEHONORABLEJACKM.CAMPBELL ................................ Governor of New Mexico LEONARDDELAY() ................................................... Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTEDMEMBERS WILLIAM G. ABBOTT ................................ ................................ ............................... Hobbs EUGENE L. COULSON, M.D ................................................................. Socorro THOMASM.CRAMER ................................ ................................ ................... Carlsbad EVA M. LARRAZOLO (Mrs. Paul F.) ................................................. Albuquerque RICHARDM.ZIMMERLY ................................ ................................ ....... Socorro Published February 1 o, 1964 For Sale by the New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Campus Station, Socorro, N. Mex.—Price $2.50 Contents Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION
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Cambrian Cephalopods
BULLETIN 40 Cambrian Cephalopods BY ROUSSEAU H. FLOWER 1954 STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS STATION SOCORRO, NEW MEXICO NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY E. J. Workman, President STATE BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES Eugene Callaghan, Director THE REGENTS MEMBERS Ex OFFICIO The Honorable Edwin L. Mechem ...................... Governor of New Mexico Tom Wiley ......................................... Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTED MEMBERS Robert W. Botts ...................................................................... Albuquerque Holm 0. Bursum, Jr. ....................................................................... Socorro Thomas M. Cramer ........................................................................ Carlsbad Frank C. DiLuzio ..................................................................... Los Alamos A. A. Kemnitz ................................................................................... Hobbs Contents Page ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... 1 FOREWORD ................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................. 3 PREVIOUS REPORTS OF CAMBRIAN CEPHALOPODS ................ 4 ADEQUATELY KNOWN CAMBRIAN CEPHALOPODS, with a revision of the Plectronoceratidae ..........................................................7
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Ommastrephidae 199
click for previous page Decapodiformes: Ommastrephidae 199 OMMASTREPHIDAE Flying squids iagnostic characters: Medium- to Dlarge-sized squids. Funnel locking appara- tus with a T-shaped groove. Paralarvae with fused tentacles. Arms with biserial suckers. Four rows of suckers on tentacular clubs (club dactylus with 8 sucker series in Illex). Hooks never present hooks never on arms or clubs. One of the ventral pair of arms present usually hectocotylized in males. Buccal connec- tives attach to dorsal borders of ventral arms. Gladius distinctive, slender. funnel locking apparatus with Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Oceanic and T-shaped groove neritic. This is one of the most widely distributed and conspicuous families of squids in the world. Most species are exploited commercially. Todarodes pacificus makes up the bulk of the squid landings in Japan (up to 600 000 t annually) and may comprise at least 1/2 the annual world catch of cephalopods.In various parts of the West- ern Central Atlantic, 6 species of ommastrephids currently are fished commercially or for bait, or have a potential for exploitation. Ommastrephids are powerful swimmers and some species form large schools. Some neritic species exhibit strong seasonal migrations, wherein they occur in huge numbers in inshore waters where they are accessable to fisheries activities. The large size of most species (commonly 30 to 50 cm total length and up to 120 cm total length) and the heavily mus- cled structure, make them ideal for human con- ventral view sumption. Similar families occurring in the area Onychoteuthidae: tentacular clubs with claw-like hooks; funnel locking apparatus a simple, straight groove.
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Kostromateuthis Roemeri Gen
A rare coleoid mollusc from the Upper Jurassic of Central Russia LARISA A. DOGUZHAEVA Doguzhaeva, L.A. 2000. Arare coleoid mollusc from the Upper Jurassic of Central Rus- sia. -Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45,4,389-406. , The shell of the coleoid cephalopod mollusc Kostromateuthis roemeri gen. et sp. n. from the lower Kirnmeridgian of Central Russia consists of the slowly expanding orthoconic phragmocone and aragonitic sheath with a rugged surface, a weakly developed post- alveolar part and a long, strong, probably dorsal groove. The sheath lacks concentric struc- ture common for belemnoid rostra. It is formedby spherulites consisting of the needle-like crystallites, and is characterized by strong porosity and high content of originally organic matter. Each spherulite has a porous central part, a solid periphery and an organic cover. Tubular structures with a wall formed by the needlelike crystallites are present in the sheath. For comparison the shell ultrastructure in Recent Spirula and Sepia, as well as in the Eocene Belemnosis were studied with SEM. Based on gross morphology and sheath ultrastructure K. memeri is tentatively assigned to Spirulida and a monotypic family Kostromateuthidae nov. is erected for it. The Mesozoic evolution of spirulids is discussed. Key words : Cephalopoda, Coleoidea, Spirulida, shell ultrastructure, Upper Jurassic, Central Russia. krisa A. Doguzhaeva [[email protected]], Paleontological Institute of the Russian Acad- emy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117647 Moscow, Russia. Introduction The mainly soft-bodied coleoids (with the exception of the rostrum-bearing belem- noids) are not well-represented in the fossil record of extinct cephalopods that results in scanty knowledge of the evolutionary history of Recent coleoids and the rudimen- tary understanding of higher-level phylogenetic relationships of them (Bonnaud et al.
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8 Armed Bandits; a Closer Look at Cephalopods an Educator’S Guide to the Program
8 Armed Bandits; A Closer Look at Cephalopods An Educator’s Guide to the Program Grades K-5 Program Description: This program explores the class of mollusk known as cephalopods. Cephalopods are the most intelligent group of mollusk and most of them lack a shell. The name cephalopod means “head-foot” and contains: octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus. The goal of 8-armed bandits is to teach students the characteristics, defense mechanisms, and extreme intelligence of cephalopods. *Before your class visits the Oklahoma Aquarium* This guide contains information and activities for you to use both before and after your visit to the Oklahoma Aquarium. You may want to read stories about cephalopods and their abilities to the students, present information in class, or utilize some of the activities from this booklet. 1 Table of Contents 8 armed bandits abstract 3 Educator Information 4 Vocabulary 5 Internet resources and books 6 PASS/OK Science standards 7-8 Accompanying Activities Build Your Own squid (K-5) 9 How do Squid Defend Themselves? (K-5) 10 Octopus Arms (K-3) 11 Octopus Math (pre-K-K) 12 Camouflage (K-3) 13 Octopus Puppet (K-3) 14 Hidden animals (K-1) 15 Cephalopod color pages (3) (K-5) 16 Cephalopod Magic (4-5) 19 Nautilus (4-5) 20 2 8 Armed Bandits; A Closer Look at Cephalopods: Abstract Cephalopods are a class of mollusk that are highly intelligent and unlike most other mollusk, they generally lack a shell. There are 85,000 different species of mollusk; however cephalopods only contain octopi, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus.
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An Eocene Orthocone from Antarctica Shows Convergent Evolution of Internally Shelled Cephalopods
RESEARCH ARTICLE An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods Larisa A. Doguzhaeva1*, Stefan Bengtson1, Marcelo A. Reguero2, Thomas MoÈrs1 1 Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Division Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Background The Subclass Coleoidea (Class Cephalopoda) accommodates the diverse present-day OPEN ACCESS internally shelled cephalopod mollusks (Spirula, Sepia and octopuses, squids, Vampyro- teuthis) and also extinct internally shelled cephalopods. Recent Spirula represents a unique Citation: Doguzhaeva LA, Bengtson S, Reguero MA, MoÈrs T (2017) An Eocene orthocone from coleoid retaining shell structures, a narrow marginal siphuncle and globular protoconch that Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally signify the ancestry of the subclass Coleoidea from the Paleozoic subclass Bactritoidea. shelled cephalopods. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172169. This hypothesis has been recently supported by newly recorded diverse bactritoid-like doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172169 coleoids from the Carboniferous of the USA, but prior to this study no fossil cephalopod Editor: Geerat J. Vermeij, University of California, indicative of an endochochleate branch with an origin independent from subclass Bactritoi- UNITED STATES dea has been reported. Received: October 10, 2016 Accepted: January 31, 2017 Methodology/Principal findings Published: March 1, 2017 Two orthoconic conchs were recovered from the Early Eocene of Seymour Island at the tip Copyright: © 2017 Doguzhaeva et al. This is an of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. They have loosely mineralized organic-rich chitin- open access article distributed under the terms of compatible microlaminated shell walls and broadly expanded central siphuncles.
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Belosaepia Fossils
BELOSAEPIA FOSSILS These coleoid fossils are commonly thought to be the teeth, beaks or jaw parts of various coleiods such as squid and octopods, or even the mouth parts of non-coleoid nautiloids. But this is only the heavily calcified portion of the belosaepiid skeleton. Recent discoveries in central Texas produced exceptionally well-preserved fossils of Belosaepia, including weakly calcified portions of the skeleton containing many chambers and a large proostracum. BELOSAEPIA SKELETON The Belosaepia skeleton (guard) consists of a solid prong, septate phragmocone with large siphuncle and large thin-walled proostracum. Septa of the phragmocone are thin, easily damaged and rarely preserved. portion missing Belosaepia sp., Crockett Fm., late Middle Eocene, Little Brazos River, Brazos County, Texas Chris Garvie, collector BELOSAEPIA PRESERVATION Septa of the phragmocone are thin, easily damaged and destroyed, separating the solid prong portion of the skeleton from the sediment fill of the siphuncle of the skeleton. Note: lightly calcified proostracum is missing from this specimen STEINKERN SOLID SKELETON Belosaepia sp., Crockett Fm., late Middle Eocene, Little Brazos River, Brazos County, Texas Chris Garvie, collector Concretion cementation often occurs in the sediment fill of the siphuncle, producing steinkerns that appear very different from the solid skeleton. BELOSAEPIA SKELETON CHARACTERS dorsal anterior posterior ventral STEINKERNS HEAVILY CALCIFIED AREA CAPITULUM PRONG CORONA SEPTA SIPHUNCLE DECK These are exceptionally well preserved
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Vampyroteuthis Infernalis As Bioluminescent Lighthouse to Think Among the Living
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Author's Personal Copy
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High-Level Classification of the Nautiloid Cephalopods: a Proposal for the Revision of the Treatise Part K
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (2019) 138:65–85 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-019-00186-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) REGULAR RESEARCH ARTICLE High-level classification of the nautiloid cephalopods: a proposal for the revision of the Treatise Part K 1 2 Andy H. King • David H. Evans Received: 4 November 2018 / Accepted: 13 February 2019 / Published online: 14 March 2019 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2019 Abstract High-level classification of the nautiloid cephalopods has been largely neglected since the publication of the Russian and American treatises in the early 1960s. Although there is broad general agreement amongst specialists regarding the status of nautiloid orders, there is no real consensus or consistent approach regarding higher ranks and an array of superorders utilising various morphological features has been proposed. With work now commencing on the revision of the Treatise Part K, there is an urgent need for a methodical and standardised approach to the high-level classification of the nautiloids. The scheme proposed here utilizes the form of muscle attachment scars as a diagnostic feature at subclass level; other features (including siphuncular structures and cameral deposits) are employed at ordinal level. We recognise five sub- classes of nautiloid cephalopods (Plectronoceratia, Multiceratia, Tarphyceratia nov., Orthoceratia, Nautilia) and 18 orders including the Order Rioceratida nov. which contains the new family Bactroceratidae. This scheme has the advantage of relative simplicity (it avoids the use of superorders) and presents a balanced approach which reflects the considerable morphological diversity and phylogenetic longevity of the nautiloids in comparison with the ammonoid and coleoid cephalopods.
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Marine Dumping Consent Application and Impact Assessment
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Genus-Level Phylogeny of Cephalopods Using Molecular Markers: Current Status and Problematic Areas
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