V1 - ISSUE 1 Contents JUNE 2017

FEATURES

2 10 13 EDITORIAL WCBCL ACTIVITIES SPOTTING THE ELUSIVE 3 MESSAGES EURASIAN OTTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO WCBCL 10 WCBCL ACTIVITIES 13 SPOTTING THE ELUSIVE EURASIAN OTTER 14 IT’S A WOMAN WORLD 16 THE IBEX IN PHYANG VILLAGE 18 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE HIMALAYAS 20 18 34 TSOKAR UNDER THREAT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF ’S BIRDING 21 THE HIMALAYAS HIGHPOINT A BLACK YEAR IN LADAKH’S CONSERVATION HISTORY 22 CURRENT STATUS & CONSERVATION OF BLACK-NECKED CRANE IN LADAKH 25 OF LADAKH 28 DETERIORATION SCENE ALONG THE INDUS BELT 29 THE BEAUTY OF THE SNOW LEOPARD

Editor: Lobzang Vishuda 30 Disclaimer: The opinions expressed by different authors in their MY TRYST WITH WILD LADAKH Editorial team: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX articles are their personal opinions. They do not reflect the views XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX of Jungwa, which does not assume any responsibility or liability 34 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX for these opinions. LADAKH INDIA’S BIRDING Printed, published and owned by XXXXXXXXXXX and printed at HIGHPOINT Design and layout: Raul Chhokkun XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX and published at XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. Editor: Lobzang Vishuda. 36 16 NEW BIRDS RECORDED IN Advertising and marketing: LADAKH XXXXXXXXXXXX

JUNGWA March 2017 1 Message EDITORIAL Wildlife Conservation and Birds Club of Ladakh Dear Advocates and Defenders of Wildlife, I am truly delighted and inspired by your work to protect the rich and varied wildlife and birds of Ladakh and their . Your work has become increasingly important in view of the ignorant and negative human activity on wildlife, such as inhumane poach- ing, illegal wildlife trafficking and destroying of wildlife habitats. These activities must be prevented through different means and especially through education and public awareness. Ladakh is a precious abode of some of the most amazing and birds in the world. My organisations and I look forward to working with you to be guardians of these beings. With prayers and blessings for your continuous good work.

In the Dharma

The Gyalwang Drukpa

2 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 3 Message Message

It gives me immense please to know that Wildlife Conservation and Birds Club of Lada- The Wildlife Conservation and Birds Club of Ladakh (WCBCL) has produced another kh (WCBCL) is coming out with the first volume of its journal Jungwa on the eve of exceptional resource in Jungwa publication which will further highlight the importance New Year 2017. of conservation efforts in Ladakh. My sincerest congratulations and gratitude to the enterprising members behind the es- The WCBCL has demonstrated its ongoing commitment to preserving this unique eco- tablishment of the much needed club for wildlife conservation and protection in Ladakh. logical system and fauna of Ladakh through a number of recent activities including: I am impressed by the number of significant activities being undertaken by the club in 1. Promotion and recording of the 300+ different ’s found in Ladakh a short period since its inception. Organizing significant events like Clean Birds through social media. campaign, workshops, anti poaching activities, photo exhibition, etc speaks volumes of the dedication and enterprise of the dynamic members of WCBCL. I am told that since 2. Cleaning the banks of and Sindhu Ghat during the “clean birds habitat the inception of the club, a new interest and awareness about our rich avifauna has campaign” which is the only breeding ground for rare birds the “Ibis Bill”. developed amongst the expert and birders world over as well as the locals. 3. Hosting the first ever workshop of Bird Monitoring and also the first ever Photo Exhi- Wildlife conservation assumes precedence in a vast region like Ladakh which is be- bition in Leh. stowed with vast diversity of birds and mammals, some of which are exclusive to this 4. Promotion of Wildlife . part of the world and endangered. Wildlife is Mother Nature’s greatest treasure, it is our shared responsibility to protect and preserve it through every possible measure. I am The Jungwa publication will record these major achievements and all future endeavors certain WCBCL shall be our vanguards in this regard. by WCBCL which will assist in monitoring the ecological situation as time goes by and also to further encourage the society to get involved and assist in preserving the local My best wishes to all the members for the publication of the first volume of Jungwa and wildlife and environment. all future endeavors. I am honored to comment on the inaugural publication of Jungwa and I look forward to future conservation efforts that are initiated through voluntary Non Government Organizations such as WCBCL.

Dr. Sonam Dawa Lonpo Chairman / Chief Executive Councillor Tsering Sangdup LAHDC, Leh Executive Councillor Tourism / CA&PD

4 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 5 Message Message

I am pleased to know that Wildlife Conservation & Birds Club of Ladakh (WCBCL), Leh The wildlife Conservation and Bird club of Ladakh has come up with the first edition of is coming up with their first Volume of Magazine - JUNGWA dedicated to conservation & its magazine “Jungwa”. Its unique in the sense that, it is brought up by its members who environment issues. are driven by sheer passion for wildlife conservation and birding. Jungwa is genuine and authentic reporting of conservation status, distribution, health, nature, sighting, spotting, WCBCL is doing a wonderful job in the field of conservation and protection of the rich and protection of wildlife. This magazine will go a long way in educating the masses about biodiversity of Ladakh which include many amazing and rare species of wild animals & the rich biodiversity of Ladakh and as a guide to the wildlife enthusiast and tourist. birds. Though Ladakh’s landscape is stark barren and desolate, it harbours one of the richest and I wish them success in their endeavor and pledge my support when and where needed. unique biodiversity. Over millions of years Ladakh has nurtured and has evolved wildlife adapted to its extreme geo-climatic conditions. Most of the species are globally rare, endan- gered and endemic. It is duty and responsibility of every citizen to protect and conserve its natural heritage. The Wildlife Conservation and Bird Club has worked in tandem with the department to save the environment and species like the Snow Leopard for future generations. As a result of Prasanna Ramaswamy G IAS these efforts, biodiversity in Ladakh has been flourishing. This is especially true for one of Deputy Commissioner, Leh the most charming and mysterious animals we have on the planet: the Snow Leopard. Each year hundreds of tourists visit Ladakh in the peak of winter to see this enigmatic . In fact, Ladakh has been called the Snow Leopard capital of the world. It’s one of the best places to see a Snow Leopard, not just in Jammu and , or in India but in the entire world. Ladakh attracts some of the rarest and magnificent birds during the summer. Thanks to Wildlife Conservation and Bird Club of Ladakh, there is a renewed interest in birdwatching in Ladakh. There is a steady increase of birders and bird watchers visiting Ladakh. Birding is a useful tool for environmental education and awareness on environmental issues. Birds easily transmit values on respect to nature and the fragility of ecosystems. It not only gener- ates interest in the ecology and rich biodiversity but also adds to the revenue of the locals. I put on record, the proactive role played of the wildlife conservation and bird club of Lada- kh in conservation and protection of wildlife. The magazine “Jungwa” is manifestation of their commitment. I congratulate all the members for their endeavour and assure of our best services and support.

Jigmet Takpa IFS Chief Conservator of Forest (wildlife) Ladakh

6 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 7 INTRODUCTION TO WCBCL

CONSERVING Wildlife is struggle real stakeholders of the region who studies, researches and records for of the Governments face all over could not only sustain these con- future conservational use. the world. Ladakh is not exception servation programs but also play an Over the years, the organization in this struggle for Conservation of important role in educating and en- have made a humble beginning in wildlife. Wildlife Protection Depart- lightening the target communities wildlife conservation activities in- ment and various organizations and who are in direct conflict with the cluding Clean Birds Habitat Cam- Message local communities are doing their wildlife of the region. Involvement paign, Workshop on Bird Monitoring, best, but more and practical efforts and participation of the local com- Sloganeering Anti-Poaching Move- Development throughout this world is advancing in a fantastic pace and the region of La- are needed to do better to conserve munities in such program is inevita- ment, Photo Exhibition on Wildlife dakh is no exception. Governments are often overstressed while coping with the magni- the vulnerable and endangered spe- ble in making any conservation story of Ladakh, Ladakh Bird Count - an- tude and complexity of attributed tasks meeting citizens’ expectations and consequently cies to sustain them and make them a success. nual feature for Celebrating World tend to concentrate on rather visual achievements while demonstrating results. Engage- available for our future generations. WCBCL was founded by few like- Sparrow Day, World Migratory Bird ments in environment protection, conservation activities or consciousness-building Proactive conservation efforts are minded friends, who before forming Day, Bird Exodus Week, etc. need of the hour. the organization, have personally The organization is in the pro- amongst populations are often considered as topics of secondary importance or worse, Wildlife Conservation and Birds worked – collected data, informa- cess of collecting new record-sittings are not even finding their way into agendas. It is therefore important for civil society Club of Ladakh (WCBCL) is not an tion, conservation means, and above of Birds and Wild Animals in Lada- to step in. Motivated, environment conscious citizens are taking action into their own additional organization duplicating all made themselves well-acquaint- kh and plans to have an Indigenous hands while subsidizing official or other institutions in driving environment sensitization the projects already in execution by ed with the facts of conservation by Checklist of Birds and Wild Ani- initiatives forward. other stakeholders in the conser- umpteen numbers of personal/group mals of Ladakh. Numbers of new re- vation field, but a local communi- trips to different parts of Ladakh for cord-sightings were made during the One such initiative is the commendable creation of “Wildlife Conservation and Birds ty-based organization, involving the photographs, data collection for last few years by its members. Club of Ladakh (WCBCL)” where dedicated Ladakhi folks interested in their unique environment and its conservation decided to form an NGO. Initiated activities show encouraging results motivate other parties to step in and complement existing projects. Observing such completing rather than competing initiatives are very inspiring. Contin- uous organized and quality stock taking of the fascinating diverse Ladakh biodiversity or its monitoring as done by WCBCL will obviously help decision makers to initiate opportune official activities. Achieving these goals are not possible without enjoying full recognition from official and professional sources neither without the keen collabora- tion by local people from all remote corners of Ladakh. Be it in supporting to collect biodiversity information, be it by fighting illegal wildlife trade or helping to detect and report violation of law including incidences like recent mammal poaching. Today WCBCL is distributing the first copy of their “Jungwa” newsletter! Congratula- tions! I wish WCBCL all success with this new publication! This instrument will not only significantly enhance communication with its affiliates but also will help to disseminate important information about its activities and achieved results. It is hoped that many members will participate lively with their articles and observations and make this pub- lication a successful one. Only with common initiatives, visions and combined forces it will be possible to conserve the exclusive and fragile environment in the unique Ladakh land. Only with such efforts it will be possible for our children to still hike through the valleys and plains, over the rolling hills observing the multitude of wildlife, enjoy its distinctive flora and drink the clear water from the streams. Congratulations to WCBCL for its great determination and initiatives to help to make this possible!

Otto Pfister Author of the book Birds of Mammals of Ladakh

MEMBERS OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND BIRDS CLUB OF LADAKH (WCBCL), LADAKH

8 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 9 WCBCL Spearheading Anti-Poaching Slogan WCBCL proactively sloganeered ACTIVITIES the Anti-Poaching movement and supported the local Administration, Wildlife Protection Department and Police Department by joining them WILDLIFE Conservation and Birds as members of Investigative Team, Club of Ladakh (WCBCL) is volun- when a guest of the Army was found tary non-government organization poaching in day-light near Magnetic working for Wildlife Conservation Hill in April 2016. and Protection in Ladakh. Another case of poaching at Gya-Meru Rong area on 11th De- Awareness about Avifauna of cember 2016 when reported, WCBCL Ladakh through social media have left no-stone-unturned in high- Ladakh Birds Club 300 is a group lighting the issue and terming it as a dedicated exclusively to the birds of Black Day in the ’s Ladakh which are estimated to be Wildlife. WCBCL members again more than 310 species. The group is were working closely with the Police followed by experts and birders from Department and Wildlife in trying all over the world and also by local to catch the culprits in the region on Ladakhi youths. Numbers of New the day of poaching. Records of Birds of Ladakh (as per Ladakh Checklist of Birds of Ladakh) were made by the members of WC- September 2016 BCL are listed with photographs on First Ever Photo Exhibition on the group’s timeline. This is the first Wildlife of Ladakh local group on social media pertain- WCBCL with the support of Wildlife ing to birds of Ladakh and is liked Protection Department, Leh, SLT- and followed by as many as 1,600 (IT), WWF, Leh, ALTOA, Taxi Union members. and Reach Ladakh, showcased the first-ever Photo Exhibition on Mam- April 2014 mals and Birds of Ladakh for 15 days. Clean Birds Habitat Campaign The first ever exhibition was enjoyed WCBCL members carried out many and appreciated by one and all. With “Clean Birds Habitat Campaign” the support of Local Administration where garbage were collected – plas- and WCBCL plans to organize the tics wrappers, beer bottles and other Photo Exhibition an Annual Feature. bird-threatening modern-life-style -wastes from the bank of Indus River at Sindhu Ghat. The area is the only Meeting with Bangladesh Birds breeding ground for one of the rare Club (BBC) birds of Ladakh – the Ibisbill. Meeting with Executive Members of the Bangladesh Birds Club (BBC) during the Photo Exhibition of Mam- August 2016 mals and Birds of Ladakh was an First Ever Workshop of Bird important milestone in fulfilling the Monitoring objectives of the WCBCL. Future tie- On the 9th of August, 2016, WCBCL ups with BBC for sharing data, infor- with the support of NCF, SLT, Wild- mation and more over experiences life Protection Department, Leh, or- in conservation of Birds will benefit ganized the first ever Workshop on both organizations and strengthen Bird Monitoring with eBird / Bird international ties. Count India for students of Elizer Joldan Memorial College. The pro- gram was the first of its kind in Leh and was appreciated by one and all.

10 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 11 Asian Water Bird Census 2017 WCBCL in collaboration with WWF, Leh and Wildlife Department held a Spotting the elusive 1-Day field trip along the Indus River Belt to Count Water Birds in Leh as Eurasian Otter part of the Asian Water Bird Census on 19th January 2017. Twelve spe- cies of Water Birds were recorded and among them are 300+ Mallards, 1 Common Pochard (male), 3 Red Crested Pochards (1male and 2 fe- males), 2 Ibisbill, 2 Great Cormorant, 9 Common Coot, 1 Brown Dipper, 1 By Lobzang Visuddha peared in the river. We were curious rent of the Indus downstream and White-capped Redstart, 4 Merganser, Chairman, WCBCL and jumped out of the car and walked the otter appeared once again on the 5 Common Sandpiper, 1 Common towards the river bank to investigate. surface of the icy river for the third Redshank. After a few seconds, ‘the thing’ re- time. It was fast and brief. We could ON 21st of February 2016, we re- appeared on the surface and moved not photograph it again.

ceived a call from Nono Stanzin towards us. We were watching one We started to move downstream, Ladakh Bird Count 2017 about snow leopard depredation of of the most elusive mammals of La- even as we carefully scanned the riv- On the 22nd of March 2017 Wildlife livestock in village. My friend dakh—Eurasian Otter lutra ( lutra) er and its banks for the next hour. Conservation and Birds Club of La- Dorjey Daya and I rushed to the vil- that is called Chu-rSham in Ladakhi. Unfortunately, we did not spot the dakh (WCBCL) in collaboration of lage. Tarchit is about 90 km east of Our excitement knew no bounds! otter again. Excited and joyous about Department of Wildlife Protection, Leh in Rong valley. The village is sur- We cried, whooped, “Yes! This is an the spotting, we returned to Leh on a Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir and rounded by high rocky mountains incredible record! Daya and I took high. The 200 km snow leopard trip WWF, Leh, celebrated Ladakh Bird and famous for snow leopard sight- out our cameras, while Nono Stanzin led us to an encounter with an even Count 2017 by organizing a bird ings as the villagers still rear goat, coolly watched it through a pair of more elusive Ladakhi mammal. count field trip along the Indus Riv- sheep, cow, donkeys, dzo, and . binoculars. I managed to switch my Thus, a rare spotting of a Eurasian er Belt/ Marshes ( to Thiksay) We reached Ligtse and headed to- camera on movie mode and even Otter was recorded in the Indus in which was attended by more than 30 wards the village and started asking recorded its movement for a few Rong valley on 21st February 2016 local bird lovers and wildlife enthu- about the killings. It turned out that seconds and a single frame for our and was registered by Wildlife Con- siasts. Shri. Pankaj Raina, Wildlife the news was a day old. A goat had records. That was it. The otter disap- servation and Bird Club of Ladakh Warden, Leh was Chief attendant on been killed on the rocky slope the peared again. We followed the cur- (WCBCL). the occasion. More than 35 different previous afternoon but the family species of birds were spotted and had managed to collect the carcass among them a single Graylag Goose and the leopard had disappeared. (Anser anser)/ Nangpa Khammar We hoped that the cat might still be was the main attraction of the day. around and started to scan the slopes WCBCL under the banner LADA- and ridges of the mountains around KH BIRD COUNT plans to celebrate the village. After a tiring search of World Sparrow Day, World Migra- four to five hours, we decided to call tory Bird Day, Bird Exodus Week, it a day. Ladakh Bird Festival as an annual Cold and disappointed, we were feature with the support and collab- also hungry as had not eaten break- oration of stakeholders in the field of fast or lunch. As we headed back to Conservation of wildlife in Ladakh. Leh we tried to soothe our stomach with some biscuits and black tea that we had in a small thermos flask. Nono Stanzin yelled suddenly, “What is that?” and pointed to the river bank where a few Chukars were quench- ing their thirst on the freezing Indus. My immediate response was “those are chukars.” I then stopped the car to photograph the Chukars on the icy-cliff. To our surprise, we noticed something downstream moving with the flow of the freezing river. By EURASIAN OTTER (LUTRA LUTRA) ALSO CALLED CHU-SRAM IN LADAKHI, INDUS RIVER, RONG VELLEY, LADAKH. the time we recovered, it had disap-

12 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 13 It’s a woman world

mired nature as a kid. I am proud to By Tsering Angmo have had a childhood in the village Female Birder from Ladakh that many only dream of. As a kid, I used to spend hours with nature ob- serving mountains, streams, sky and THE September sun was shining the beautiful flowers around. This brightly high up in the sky. The profound love for nature and out- sea-buckthorn bushes were adorned doors made me join Snow Leopard with juicy berries. The murmuring Conservancy India Trust’s (SLC-IT) sound of the stream flowing near- nature guide training way back in by enhanced the beauty of the site. 2004. During this training I got new It was the beautiful Markha Valley and immense knowledge about wild- where my friend Sujata and I were life and nature, which was a turning exploring the beauty around. On point in my life. I thought that this the way I heard a bird calling, which passion could be turned into a ca- was very melodious. I told my friend reer. Since then I have been learning about the sound, and she pointed about nature, while working for the towards a willow tree. And there it SLC-IT. was, the Tseshu Lamo of the avian At SLC-IT I dedicate my time world: Golden Oriole. So colorful entirely to the education program was the bird that everything else which is especially meant for school looked drab in its presence. The bird kids to help them understand and ap- occasionally adults for bird watch- of Ladakh. It is my duty to let people some eat all the agricultural pests brought life to the otherwise brown preciate nature and the biodiversity ing, they can recognize most of the know about these hardships so that and some eat all the disease causing slopes in the valley bordered with around. But it took quite some time birds and feel delighted on watching they can sympathize with them. bacteria and other micro-organisms. towering mountains. During the to give a final shape to my dreams. them. It gives me immense pleasure We are fortunate to have these Thus, by destroying the habitats of same trip, we also encountered some People we engaged in this program seeing them enjoying nature and ap- birds among us. Some of the best birds, we have nothing to gain but powerful birds like Lammergeier. were first reluctant to get involved as preciating them. Bird watching is an places for birding in Ladakh are high much to lose. Therefore, it becomes So close the bird flew across that its learning about nature to appreciate enjoyable activity, one that does not altitude wetlands in eastern Ladakh, the role and responsibility of all the enormous wings almost touched our it was new to them. But hard work need much of an investment. It needs Indus Valley, Valley, Suru and Ladakhis to protect and conserve hats. Here was the place where I first and dedication paid in the long run. a curios mind and a pair of binocu- Valley. Around Leh, the best the birds of Ladakh so that we can got hooked to birds of Ladakh. Now those with control of the edu- lars. It keeps you healthy and happy places to explore are the Marsh- continue to thrive in this otherwise After that with each passing day cation system, parents, and the stu- at the end of the day. es, the bushes along Indus River be- harsh environment of Ladakh. I wish my interest and love for birds grew dents themselves show much more In Ladakh we have more than 310 tween and . For and hope that in the coming years stronger, and birding has become a interest in these kinds of activities. different species of birds. And among going on a bird watching trip, one we all live a happy life that is eco- routine for me now. I strive to share We have workshops and field trips them some are residents, while oth- needs to have good binoculars and logically sustainable and socially re- this interest with the students and once or twice in a month for school ers migrate to and from other areas. a field guide on birds, notebook and sponsible. May all sentient beings be other interested people. I love learn- kids, where kids first learn theory We have a wide range of birds, from a pencil. One needs to wear clothes happy! ing and teaching about birds more in the classroom and then visit the the majestic Black-necked Crane that are not bright and merge well It is the best profession for women and more. But this was not an easy interest me the most. It was always field for seeing flora and fauna. Some to one of the smallest birds like the with the surroundings. Perfumes and in fact, as outdoors keeps you healthy journey for me, as initially there was difficult to go against the flow, but I children are overly enthusiastic to Winter Wren. Some birds like the aromatic creams must be avoided. and happy. And more and more girls resistance from family and friends. tell you, the effort was worth it and it join our programs. Even in the first Rose and Golden Oriole grab One should not disturb the birds by get encourage if women take the ini- Ladakhi society does not easily ac- paid me in the long run. place it was difficult to make them the attention of the kids immedi- making noise or walking swiftly. tiative. In Ladakh we have very less cept this kind of profession for girls. We now feel proud for those understand the value of biodiversity ately as it did in my case also. All of However, watching birds is not women in such profession. We need In the past only boys took on such women in Ladakh who think out of but with the passage of time things these birds have their own ecological enough. We need to identify all the to come out of the box and venture professions. But slowly my family the box and set examples in our soci- are getting better. More and more significance. Most of the migratory threats that birds are facing in Lada- out for new adventures in choosing and friends understood my passion ety. Today many women are heading kids show their enthusiasm in wild- birds travel for thousands of miles kh. We need to conserve these birds our professions also. It is now or nev- and quest, and I am really enjoying for unconventional professions, and life now. It was not the same like the in search of breeding grounds, food not only for the birds and wildlife but er. During our education program it. I asked myself why I would deny they are not only surviving but thriv- first I started. I am satisfied to see the and mates. They face a lot of -hard also for ourselves. It is apparent that we used to teach the students about myself from something I like and ing in their chosen fields. response from children and parents. ships during these journeys. Many all the birds are important for the biodiversity of Ladakh and during the enjoy the most. I was determined to Growing up in in the But there is still a long way to go. of the migratory birds like the Black- survival of humans. Some disperse workshop we took students for bird- continue and fight for the things that National Park, I always ad- Now when we take school kids and necked Crane feature in folk songs seeds, some pollinate our plants, ing around the village.

14 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 15 The Ibex in where it lives amongst steep cliffs and Rocky Mountains. The popula- tion is estimated to be around 6,000 Phyang village individuals. However, none of the current literature on ibex in Ladakh mentions that they are found around Phyang village, which is merely 20 km west of Leh. Geographically, the village of Phyang is located in a valley that is oriented along a north- south axis. I have been observing ibex in the vil- lage since my childhood. In the past, they were fewer in number and their visits were irregular. Each time the ibex were sighted in the area, every- one from the village hamlet would watch them with keen interest. In the past, I along with other young children would try to follow these elegant animals to get a closer look THE IBEX DURING THE RUT. at them. These efforts were always in vain as the ibex would climb the rocks at a thundering speed once By Tashi Chotak Lonchey the guardian ibex would issue its warning whistle on spotting us. The whole herd would then disappear THE ibex is called Skyine in Lada- behind the higher mountains. It’s khi. They are wild goats that live in possible that the ibex were extra-vig- the mountainous regions of Europe, ilant around settlements as people in north central Asia and northern Af- Ladakh have hunted them for many rica. There are five species of Ibex decades and centuries. according to the International Tax- Phyang is a convenient and easily onomic Information System. They accessible site to spot these majestic have long, curved horns and cloven goats in the wild. The people of the village must take ownership and de- hooves, while the males have long SKYIN DECORATIONS DURING LOSAR. beards. Ibex are related to antelopes, THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE IBEX. velop facilities such as home-stays, buffaloes, bison, cattle and sheep. guest houses and hold guided tours Ibex are typically about 30 to 170 to spot wildlife around the village. cm from their hooves to withers and usually gives birth to one or maxi- In Ladakh, the ibex has a very This will benefit the village economi- Ibex horns are also Thankfully, people’s attitude to- weigh about 30 to 130 kg. Male horns mum two kids and very rarely three. prominent presence in ancient folk cally, while also provide an incentive used as offerings at wards wildlife has changed with a may reach 1.5m long and curve back- Immediately after birth, the kids are songs such as Skinchen Bargan and to conserve their environment. focus on protection and respect, in- wards to form semicircles with knob- able to jump and within four weeks they are also depicted in petrogy- More recently, the visits by the local Lhato shrines and stead of regarding them as game for by rings on the outer curve. They use are as agile as the adults—an ibex can lyphs found across Ladakh. Ibex ibex herds to Phyang have become on mountain passes hunting. Consequently, the ibex are the horns to defend their territory jump to a height of 1.8 m without a horns are also used as offerings at more regular and their numbers seem not as shy as they were in the past. and during the rutting period. Ibex running start and their hooves func- local Lhato shrines and on mountain to have increased. I once observed a However, there are reports of illegal are social and live in herds segregat- tion like a suction-like mechanism passes. The importance of the ibex is herd of 47 animals during the rutting hunting from different parts of Lada- ed by gender. on steep rocks. The kids are generally also evident during the celebration period. I have been observing their kh, most of which have taken place Males live in a small herd or by weaned after six months. The - aver of important social events such as behaviour and ecology over the last along the national highway. This will themselves, while females and their age life span of an Ibex in the wild is Losar (New Year). One of the import- few years. In 2016, I was surprised to require greater vigilance from villag- offspring live in large herds that can around 17 years. ant traditions of celebrating Losar is spot a herd that included males, fe- ers and also from wildlife lovers. have as many as 45 animals. The We can trace the recorded history the making of ‘Skyins’ from dough males and kids in March and April. At the same time, it’s also import- herds come together during the mat- of ibex in human societies to about to decorate kitchen shelves. They I feel privileged to have the ma- ant that wild animals are not domes- ing season, which is known as the rut. 1800 BCE. There is a cylinder seal are also used to decorate the fami- jestic ibex in my village. Sometimes, ticated. There are reports of marmots The rutting season is from November from the Bronze Age that depicts an ly’s main living room when a baby they have crossed the thorn fence of near highways, which have been to December and is marked by com- ibex defending itself from a hunting is born to symbolize good luck and my neighbour’s garden to eat their socialized by humans to eat biscuits, bat between males to mate with the dog that was excavated from a site happiness. tender plants. Over time you realise bread and junk food. Such drastic females. The gestation period is 160 in Knossos, Greece. These hand- The Asiatic ibexCapra ( ibex si- that wild animals do not know or changes in their diet will play havoc to 180 days, and the kids are usually some mountain goats are distributed birica) is found in western, central, care for any boundaries, borders or with their health and the larger eco- born between June and July. The doe across Europe and Asia. southern and northern Ladakh, fences made by humans. system.

16 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 17 these cold desert regions, leading to a rich diversity of vegetation that include Temperate, Alpine mesophytes, Oasitic vegetation and Desert Vegetation. Common plant species that grow around barren valley along the Indus and Changthang and Spiti regions are Polygo- num aviculare (common knotgrass), Atriplex crassi- folia, Corydalis flabellata, Caragana pygmea (pygmy pea shrub), Capparis spinosa (caper bush), Echinosis cornigerous, Ephedra gererdiana, Physochlaina pre- aelta, Peganum harmala (wild rue) etc. Similarly desert plant families that grow near high passes like Khardun- gla (18,380 ft.), Changla (17,500 ft.), Penzila (14,000 ft.), MEDICINAL Tanglangla (17,500 ft.), Kunzumla (15,060 ft) include Thylacospermum caespitosum, Acantholimon lycopo- ACONITUM VIOLACEUM (BONG-NGA-NAG-PO) dioides, Arnebia euchroma (Ratanjot), Rhodiola imbri- PLANTS cate (rose root), Waldheimia tomentosa, Euphorbia ti- betica, Arenaria bryophylla, Lindelofia stylosa, etc. The severe geographical and ecological characteristics of the region have imposed significant limitations on hu- OF THE man settlement and subsistence systems. Scarce water sources limit the amount of land that can be irrigated. The forbidding altitude, short summers and cold winters restricts agricultural options to a small range HIMALAYAS of food crops and, in most parts, a single crop per year. The predominant livelihood strategy is agro-pastoral- ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM (BONG-NGA-DKARPO) ism. Agriculture is centered on growing barley, buck- wheat, peas and root vegetables such as radish and, more recently, potato. Animal husbandry includes herding of sheep, goat, yak, cow and dzo (a cow and CREMANTHODIUM ELLISII (MING-CHAN-NAG-PO) By Amchi Tashi Stobgais very low rainfall, cold winters and yak hybrid). J short summers. Snow and glacier are the main source of water in Ladakh. SINCE time immemorial, the Hima- Much of the region’s scant flora layas have been famed for its rich survives in the immediate vicinity of The trans-Himalayan diversity of medicinal plants. The res- rivers and streams. As one starts to region is known for its idents of these regions have depend- move away from water bodies, veg- high alpine medicinal ed on such plants to meet their need etation becomes scant with sparse for food, medicines, fodder and oth- grasses and small shrubs spread in plants, extreme climate er necessities. The Trans-Himalayan vast expanses of sand, gravel and and unique topography regions of Ladakh and Lahoul-Spiti rock. The flora of trans-Himalaya is are known for their high alpine me- categorized as alpine and high-alpine dicinal plants, extreme climate and and dominated by annual and peren- unique topography. The communities nial herbs along with a few stunted in this region have a highly refined shrubs and bushes. Plant growth body of knowledge of local medicinal starts at the beginning of summer ASTER FLACCIDUS (LUG-MIG) plants known as Sowa-Rigpa. when snow melt results in an abun- Ladakh is located in north-west dance of moisture. Most flora bloom India between the Great Himalayan by the month of August and disap- and Karakoram mountain ranges. It pear by the end of September. The shares borders with Pakistan in the mountain slopes, meadows and al- west and north and the Tibetan Au- pine pasture lands provide a spectac- tonomous Region in the east. The ular display of floral diversity unique altitude of Ladakh ranges between to these cold desert barren moun- 2,750 and 7,672 meters above mean tains. sea level. Ladakh is divided into eight The vegetation of the Trans-Hi- major valleys with their unique fea- malayas can be classified into three tures and characteristics. These are broad categories—Alpine meso- Leh, Nubra, Changthang, Drass, phytes, Oasitic vegetation and Des- Suru, Zanskar, Lahaul and Spiti. As ert vegetation. As a result of high a high-altitude cold desert area with humidity levels in some regions of PODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM (OL-MO-SE) HIPPOPHAE TIBETANA (STAR-BU)

18 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 19 A black year in Ladakh’s conservation history

people in general. People need to understand that poach- By Lobzang Visuddha ing is a criminal act and if they witness it, they must come Chairman, WCBCL forward to report it to the authorities, who in turn are responsible for ensuring the witness’ safety. Tsokar Hunting was happening in the past, but the context TRADITIONALLY, Ladakhis followed the Tibetan lunar has changed dramatically. In the past, the hunting was calendar. According to this calendar, the year 2016 (Mon- necessary due to the scarcity of food and lack agricul- under threat key Year) was an inauspicious or black year. And it did tural productivity. Now we have an abundant supply of turn out to be a black year for the voiceless, wild animals food and are more aware of the importance of wildlife of Ladakh, especially Ladakh Urial and Blue Sheep. In and biodiversity. two separate incidents of poaching during daylight were In this regard we must pay our respect, remember reported in the year. The first was in April and the second and recognize the great efforts made by His Eminence took place in December. 19th Skyabje Kushok Bakula Rinpoche, one of the tall- In April 2016, a civilian guest of the Indian Army took est spiritual and political Buddhist Leaders from Ladakh, By Tsewang Dorjey Daya two army personnel to hunt urials. They were caught who used to publically speak for decades on the need for Executive Member, WCBCL poaching Ladakh urial or Shapo (Ovis orientalis vignei) wildlife conservation in Ladakh. in daylight with a telescopic gun near Nimo village on the Leh-Srinagar Highway. Thankfully, the culprits were Tsokar Lake – Birding Paradise caught with a gun, live ammunitions and their vehicle valley in Chanthang is locat- due to the pro-active action by an informer and quick ed at an elevation of 15,000 feet above response from the Department of Wildlife Protection mean sea level. It includes many and Police. After they were caught, a case was registered Many such poaching goes lakes and wetlands such as Tsomori- against them in Leh Police station. unreported as the network of ri, Tsokar and Yayatso, which attract Before the year ended, another daylight poaching case conservationist and level of scores of birds in the summer. of a Blue Sheep or rNapo (Pseudois nayaur) was reported In the past, the nomadic pastoral near Gay-Miru in December. This time, the poachers are awareness remains rather limited community called the Changpas in suspected to be Ladakhi with a bus full of eye-witness- eastern Ladakh used extract salt from es. However, either due to ignorance of the law or some these lakes, especially Tsokar. Over other reason, not a single eye witness has come forward to record their statement. As a result, the culprits remain the last few decades, the lake has TIBETAN SAND GROUSE AT TSOKAR LAKE, ONE OF THE MAIN BREEDING AREAS FOR THESE BIRDS IN LADAKH. shrunk dramatically. Tsokar is a few at large. hours’ drive from Leh on well-main- For anyone interested in wildlife conservation, these tained and wide and metallic roads. ing with large congregations of birds new camp or the need for establish- are not a good sign. Unless new strategies for protection The lake is about 7 to 8 km off the as they travel between their breed- ing it near Tsokar, which is far from of wildlife in Ladakh are developed along with meaning- Leh-Manali highway and does not ing and wintering areas. Some of the the international border. The army ful collaborations and practical strategies are implement- require a Protected Area Permit. It is rare species that can be observed in causes a lot of disturbance in the ed to engage with all stakeholders, the prospects of con- thus very popular with researchers Tsokar are Tibetan Sandgrouse, dif- area and drive around in their large servation in Ladakh remain poor. and bird-watchers. ferent mountain , Robin Ac- trucks, which damages the pastures Unfortunately, these are not isolated cases but a grim This lake and its surrounding ar- centor, and different species of Wad- and also disturbs the biodiversity in reminder that such crimes are indiscriminately being eas are rich in biodiversity especially ers. In the winter, the area is bitterly the area. There is an urgent need to committed against wild animals in Ladakh. Many such for mammals such as the Kiang or Ti- cold with temperatures plummeting cross check the legitimacy of this poaching goes unreported as the network of conserva- betan Wild Ass, Tibetan Argali, Red below freezing. camp and the authority that issued tionist and level of awareness remains rather limited. A Fox, Asiatic Wild Dogs and Tibetan The area faces many threats. The permissions for it, while ensure that proactive and practical roadmap to address such unscru- Wolves as well as numerous bird spe- most recent one is the establishment the camp is moved out of the area. pulous activities needs to be developed and the concerned cies. The most charismatic species of an army camp in areas where If not, the Tibetan Argali and Black- authorities need to lead it in an effective manner. in Tsokar is undoubtedly the black- the Argali used to roam in the past. necked Crane may soon abandon At the same time, all law-abiding citizens of Ladakh necked crane, which breeds here. There are records of the Tibetan Ar- this beautiful valley due to increased need to voluntarily take responsibility for wildlife and During the migratory season in gali breeding in this area. No one disturbance and environmental deg- act as their guardians. Nature without wildlife cannot be spring and autumn, the area is teem- seems to know anything about this radation in the area. imagined and there is need for better awareness amongst DAYLIGHT POACHING OF THIS BLUE-SHEEP AT GYA-MERU ON 11TH DEC. 2016

20 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 21 Current status & conservation of Black-necked Crane in Ladakh (2012-2016)

By Pankaj Chandan & was the first to report the breeding ing areas lie north, north central and Tsewang Rigzin of Black-necked Crane from Ladakh. western parts of Sichuan, south-west WWF India and south-east Gansu, south Xinji- Habitat: ang, and southern parts of Guangxi The breeding and wintering grounds provinces of . A small breeding population is in Changthang plateau Introduction: of Black-necked Crane differ dramat- in eastern Ladakh and a recently Black-necked Crane Grusnigricollis ically (Fengshan 1997). The winter- known breeding pair in Sikkim, India. is one of the 15 existing species of ing grounds in China, Bhutan & In- Zhikang et al. (1994) investigated family Gruidae, presently distributed dia are also located at comparatively migration pattern of Black-necked over the alpine regions of India, Chi- higher altitudes; in wetlands and on Crane and it was concluded that the na and Bhutan. This species lives in agricultural land. The crane’s winter eastern population of Black-necked one of the most beautiful areas of the habitats in southern and west- Crane in China migrate north to the world – literally on top of the world. ern China are cultivated areas where Ruoergai marshes in northern Sich- It is also a good indicator species to the cranes feed on the remains of the uan and southern Gansu Provinces, study the impact of climate change previous year’s harvests mainly in whereas the central population mi- as it lives and breeds in high altitude rice and potato fields and grasslands grate to the Longbaotan wetland in lakes and marshes, which will be where naturally occurring plants southeast Qinghai province. Based short but these require negotiating greatly impacted by melting of gla- and scarabid beetles can be found. Current Status of Black-necked Crane in Ladakh on the recovery of the banded birds areas of high altitudes from 1800 to ciers and erratic rainfall pattern. Contrary to breeding grounds, at the S.No. Year Total Breeding Total No. of Total No. of Chicks No. of Wetlands it was confirmed that birds breeding 5000 m also. The main breeding range of the wintering habitats, the cranes roost Sightings Pairs Adults Fledged Covered in flocks at night in marshy areas or at Ruoergai Wetland Nature Reserve, species encompasses Qinghai- Tibet- 1 2012 139 14 128 11 22 located in the Upper Yellow River an Plateau in south central China and in shallow river waters. The current Status & distribution of breeding Valley on the eastern Tibetan Pla- 2 2013 114 15 99 15 22 adjacent parts of India; mainly the global population of Black-necked population in Changthang: teau migrate to Guizhou (Zhikang 3 2014 112 17 104 08 22 Changthang region of Ladakh. The Crane is about 11,000 individuals and Existence of Black-necked Crane et al. 1993) and Yunnan Province wintering range of the species lies is showing an increasing trend. The in Changthang region, of India is 4 2015 113 15 102 11 22 (Yang 2005). Qian et al. (2009) us- on the southern and eastern parts of largest breeding population (ca. 2500 known to the Changpa nomads 5 2016 111 11 104 07 22 ing satellite telemetry on six Black- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and on the individuals) inhabits Zoige marshes, since the time immemorial. Howev- necked Cranes carried out a study Source: WWF-India & Department of Wildlife Protection Govt. of J&K Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. A located on the north-eastern edge of er, the first scientific record of the on the migration routes and stop- sizable population of about 500 birds Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. species was of Ludlow (1920), who over sites during autumn and spring spends winters in Bhutan and anoth- saw three cranes in Tsokar on 2nd in China and it was established that er small population of about 10-15 Regional distribution& migration: June 1919 and shot one for identi- the migration distances covered by birds winters in Arunachal Pradesh Black-necked Crane is the only al- fication. Afterwards, several -work Black-necked Crane and duration of in India. Perhaps due to the difficult pine species of cranes endemic to ers have studied different aspects of migration are shortest as compared terrain, inhospitable climatic condi- Asia. More than 90 percent of the to- Black-necked Crane in Changthang to other species of crane. In 2005, a tions and inaccessibility of the area, tal population of Black-necked Crane landscape. The map shows all the migration study was conducted by it is the last of the world’s crane spe- inhabits China. The wintering range sites in Ladakh which have pres- the scientists of Royal Society for cies to be discovered. Black-necked of the species includes south-eastern ence of Black-necked Crane. The Protection of Nature (RSPN) Bhu- Crane was first described to science Tibet, northern Yunnan, north-west- table summarizes the population of tan in collaboration with research- by the Russian Naturalist Nikolai ern Guizhou and south-west and Black-necked Crane recorded at var- ers from Japan. As part of this study M. Prjevalsky at Lake Koko-Nor in northern Gansu provinces of China. ious wetlands of Ladakh during last three PTT’s were fixed on different Qinghai Province of China in North A small wintering population is in five years. Changthang in Ladakh birds, which were later followed up – Eastern Tibet in 1876 (Baker 1928). Arunachal Pradesh, India and in Bhu- is the only known breeding area for to Bamtsho Lake in Chumbi valley Black-necked Crane’s nest and tan. The main breeding areas of the black-necked cranes in India, with of Tibet. Two of these birds were were first discovered by Capt. R. species are high elevations in Qing- a total population of more than 100 observed wintering in Phobjikha val- Steen in 1905 at the Hramtso Lake in hai province of China and north-east individuals recorded during the last ley, Bhutan. Although the migration Tibet at an altitude of about 14,700 of Tibetan plateau in Tibetan Auton- five years. This population includes routes of Black-necked Crane are feet (Baker 1929). Osmaston (1927) omous Region (TAR). Other breed- about 15 breeding pairs. Since crane

22 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 23 BIRDS OF LADAKH is a long living bird so it is important (Bombay Natural History Society) regular education and awareness to keep a regular eye on the recruit- and IBCN (Indian Bird Conserva- activities for the educational insti- ment rate of this species. For the long tion Network) has also organized a tutions, local communities, tourism

term conservation of the species it is regional workshop for the conser- sector and Indian Army. In to Abas important more and more chicks are vation of this species in India, Chi- protect the species in Ladakh it is im- added to the population of cranes ev- na and Bhutan (Chandan 2011). This portant that a regular concerted ef- ery year. Therefore each and every workshop gave a strong call to all the fort is made by involving all the key nesting site of Black-necked Crane range countries to work together to stakeholders for the conservation of in Ladakh is important and all efforts protect this majestic species. In La- the species. This is important and ev- should be made to protect these nest- dakh besides scientific studies on the eryone must work together to ensure By Mohd. Abbas ing sites. species, from time to time WWF – In- that the loud trumpet call of this ma- Divisional Forest Officer, Leh dia in collaboration with the Depart- jestic bird keeps resonating in all the Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir Threats: ment of Wildlife Protection, Govern- valleys of Changthang. Due to the prevalence of Buddhist ment of Jammu & Kashmir conducts culture in the areas where Cranes SINCE hundreds of years Ladakh are found, this species has been remained the paradise for many of protected by the locals from a long high altitude avis (birds) both mi- time.However, better accessibility gratory and endemic. The different to remote areas and development of type of habitat used by different spe- infrastructure has lead to encroach- cies of birds and their movement can ment of the crane habitat. Changing be observed for the entire year and land use practices in the winter- sheep, goat and other live stock but tive nest to their nestlings, in many for their survival like other animals, 1 ing grounds are a major threat to adapted so well, where as the winter also the important courtship yards bird species the selection of site and the wintering population of Black- birds of Ladakh provides a different for many breeding birds like Crane, construction of nest is compulsory necked Crane. More or less similar type of observation opportunities Ruddy shell duck, Gull, Horned and for which the need different type of situation is occurring in breeding to the serious ornithologists/bird- crested , pipit, Lapwing, Stilt nesting materials such as grass, tu- habitat of the species within Indian ers. Some wintering birds migrate and many more. The breeding birds bers, twigs, leaves, small branches, limits particularly in Ladakh, where from the Arctic region and from Si- displays courtship dance for their fe- soft leaves, sedges, soft dead grasses changing land use pattern coupled beria during autumn, September to male birds to attract towards them- for center felling with many plant with unregulated infrastructure de- November to November to spend selves, one should not think that pas- parts feathers, down and other mate- velopment activitiesare posing seri- REFERENCES: ture areas are not only a pastureland rials like soft sedges and grasses. few winter months. Whereas some 2 ous threats to the species. Another birds, who prefer to visit in summer but also a good feeding and roosting There is an urgent need for a con- major threat to the species in Ladakh Baker, E.C.S. (1929): Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Birds months and they breed there in La- site for many winter birds. crete plan of sustainable use of the is the large population of feral dogs Vol. 6. dakh. Thus Ladakh hosts for both the It is now easier to understand limited natural resources of Ladakh which eat away the eggs and chicks Birdlife International (2011): Species factsheet: Grusnigricollis. Downloaded winter and summer migratory birds. that and a question itself arises in for equitable sharing within the hu- of these birds during the breeding from http://www.birdlife.org. In case of birds they use the hab- our mind that how does the birds will man and animal (livestock and wild season. Chandan, P. (2011): Conserving the Vulnerable Black-necked Crane through itat type as swampy margins and survive during the winter months in animals) in coming days, before it is regional cooperation. New Delhi. Available at: http://www. wwfindia. wetlands, mounted wet and grass- place like Ladakh, if the stakehold- too late. Conservation: org/?5780/Black-necked Crane. lands dry desert plains riverine ar- ers put tremendous pressure over As for as the IBAs (Important At the international level, efforts Fengshan, L. (1997): Developing a Land Management System for Cao Hai and Its eas, hill slopes sand dunes seasonal the grasslands and the pasture lands Bird Areas) of Ladakh is concerned, have been made to provide protection Watershed to Safeguard Resources Needed by Black-necked Crane and People. (channels) willow, poplar and sea more than the carrying capacity of a are now on a serious thread. Thus and conservation by way of making Unpublished Phd. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. buckthorn plantations. But in high certain area. awareness among local IBAs and in- policies. The species is listed in the Ludlow, F. (1920): Notes on the Nidification of Certain Birds in Ladakh. J. altitude areas they use the scrub If we think Ladakh receives thou- habits becomes very important for Appendix 1 of CMS (Convention on Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27: 14-16. vegetative area of caragana and sands breeding birds, is a matter of their conservation, telling people Migratory Species) and is also listed Osmaston, B.B. (1927): Notes on the birds of Kashmir. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. myricarea spp. by the endangered proud; but do we ever think they where and what the Important bird in Appendix 1 of CITIES (Birdlife Soc., 32: 134-153. black-necked cranes. Mudflats, sin- need both shelter and food. One of areas are. International 2011). IUCN has cat- Pfister, O. (1998): The Breeding Ecology and Conservation of the Black-necked gle banks, riversides, islands, stream the most crucial period of time in a During recent world bird festival, egorized the species as vulnerable, Crane (Grusnigricollis) in Ladakh India. Unpublished MS. Thesis, University banks by waders, wetlands, stream bird life is to give a safe and protec- 07-08-Oct. 2006 organized by Birdlife under criteria A1b, c, d, A2c, C1. The of Hull, Hull. banks by waders, wetlands, lakes, international, in China the partici- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 of the Qian, F., H. Wu, L. Gao, H. Zhang, F. Li, H. Zhong, X. Yang and G. Zheng rivers, sedges and water logged areas pants from the entire globe discussed

Govt. of India, has listed the species (2009): Migration routes and stopover sites of Black-necked Cranes deter- by water birds, like grebe, poached, Abas in Schedule 1 (WPA 1972). Black- mined by satellite tracking. J. Field Ornithol. 80 (1): 19-26. garganey, shoveler, teal, mallard, wi- necked Crane has been declared as Yang, F. (2005): Report on a three year survey of black-necked Cranes on geon, gees, etc. The other birds like state bird of Jammu and Kashmir. the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau. Pp 59-64. In: Li, F., X. Yang and F. Yang hill and land birds prefers the habi- The government of China has listed (Eds.): Status and Conservation of Black-necked Crane on the Yunnan and tats types like rocky cliffs, mountain 1 The grassland used by different breeding the species under the category of en- Guizhou Plateau. Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House, Kunming, China. tops, sandy boulders, hill slopes, birds for display the courtship dances. Zhikang, W., L. Zhumei, W. Youhui, J. Yameng, L. Ruoxian, L. Dehao, Z. dangered, in class ‘A’ (Pfister 1998). scrubby valleys, grass land orchards 2 A place/spot use by different birds for WWF-India in collaboration with Zhijun and L. Laixing (1994): A study on migration of the Black-necked agro forestry and sedge vegeta- roosting, singing and basking sun etc. Crane (Grusnigricollis) in China. Pp. 43–48. In Waterbird research in China. Ministry of Environment and For- tive areas. The open pasture lands In 2006-07 the desert locust had an adverse effect on the court- ests, Government of India, BNHS Shanghai, East China Normal University Press. are not supposed to be only for the ship yards of the breeding birds in Changthang.

24 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 25 Abas a marshy lush green cranes rearing other predators. Abas Abas niqe, snow cocks, plain backed finch and one of the most favorable court- Out of 317 bird species (Abass and the Humes ground picker in up- ship yard of Loma pherii IBA. checklist birds of Ladakh, Zoo Out- per Ladakh. The above picture is an evidence reach August 2001) 195 bird species Earlier the Demosite cane chose in support of the environmental are migrant and rest are resident to the Indus belt as stoppage from 12 to or habitat degradation of an IBA, Ladakh. Here my point is that we 23 days during their migration from whereas here in Ladakh the experts have 122 bird species with us for the India to abroad for mentoring, but are busy in the four day workshop winter months. We highlighted as A bar head goose at an elevation of 14500.00 feet, TSOMORIRI some sever to eight years the sight- on Ladakh studies these days ‘19- above the habitat with a considerable peldo island June 2000. ings are very less in numbers. Smew is a winter visitor bird for Ladakh, all though it may be a 23rd of August’. As I came to know amount of food materials, which has The streak throated work picker first sighting from this region, it has been record in and along that wildlife experts are delivering to be consumed by the winter birds on use to visit fregrey but now it has river Indus water bodies. Where as it may not be a rear bird for of wildlife of this very hot spot. The with well treated and soaked natu- the country side but it given important clue regarding the climate lecture on conservation of wetlands during the long winter months. The risteated to battalite valley of during change and habitat change (detail on Net. Abass & Wild life of & bio-diversity of Ladakh. The areas food materials which they use to Himalayan Brown and black bear, rally and very easily sprouts over the winter months, if we take example Ladakh (ornithologist) Chanthang). becoming garbage dumping place get from the natural resources and Denmo mukpo/Nukpo, mountain surface. Because of the oil content of other smaller birds of typical viz, Smew is the first sighting bird for Ladakh and recorded in Chushot and from other side the dignitaries other sources are mainly the seeds ungulates the snow leopard Rchan and carotene properties the berries white browed warblers in Hanu forest bagh during the year 2008 in a quite environment of a small etc. Seed of this plant is a favorite does not freezes even on the tem- water body it was a single male bird in the month of November and experts are quite satisfied with of plants, as in wild kills, small ani- and lower Ladakh as Lhakha has the present scenarios of the IBAs in mals, live , berries, minerals food for many game birds and other perature minus 45 degree siliceous, drastic change in population size of Ladakh. in shape of stone particles R.Elegan- seed and fruit eater birds thus it provides a very nutritious winter birds. taria, Ephedva Gerardiana plants (Frugivorous) during winter food those winter birds of Ladakh The total finch 9999 species found Abas as SBT, Rosaweb, juniprus, metro, months. has a conserv- as the Black redstart, white winged out 20202 spp found globally. The able population of winter birds and redstart, white winged redstart, fire for promoting positive action to safe- comu.Ashmsia, albe, sunflower ( ) common rose finch (Carpodacus breeding resident birds. As for as the fronted serine, great rose finch, gran- guard the vital bird habitat. clemalis tibetane cajen miscrophyl- erythrinus) is a migratory to Lada- altitude is concerned, suru valley is dala, robin accentor and many seed Earlier (Before 8 to ten years ) lum pangos pebislerea, capparis spi- kh and breeds here the other finch the lowest habitat for avifauna of La- eater birds of Ladakh. the sindhu ghat was the hotspot for nosa, elasagness angush focia cara- species found are Eastern Great dakh region. Thus the valley has a Ibis bill Tunglakma)* but now due to gana versicolor, cavagana Zanskar Rose finch (Carpodacus rubicilloi- considerable diversity of low as well the biotic enterfare and construction and many more species food or Species decline des), streaked , red brested as high altitude birds. The river Suru huts fisheries bulding , Sindu mella sqather during alliums and iris spps In a decade of span of time the fol- roes finch, Mangolian finch, Bandit’s with streams which inlets the river; gathering pavilion and chowkidar seed parts are commn rociftnch and lowing migratory and vagrant/pas- Mountain finch, European Goldfinch. supports many water fowls and wa- hut etc.. and many more creating the stonechaet. sage migrant birds population size ter side birds. I have observed the shelter for stray dog and feral dog as Place before their migration to wintering area. The off-track rive declined considerably in which the Think; life in Ladakh without on the grassland can be clearly seen in the picture which was tak- main two species as White throat- birds of prey has been adversely ef- well , whereas the Ibisbill builds his Etc. (other winter food items) bird! en during August Ist. Week water canal was also found diverted ed Dipper (Cincluc cinclus) Chubi fected, with some other scavenger nest direct on the ground within the Our winter birds are well adapted to Reverence afforestration areas along its way disconnecting the source to the swampy and marsh area. mukpo and other one the Brown larger birds and game birds or pheas- bolder on the bank of river and water the harsh climatic conditions of La- Indus river. dipper (cinclus pallasi) Chubi muk- ants, among the most effected birds bodies their offspring becomes easy dakh region with their limited wild As IBA as complete gost for the po. Both are breeding resident to the can be named as the Tibetan part- prey for those feral dog. food availability, but the man is now thousands of w.w redstat and many Since Ladakh provides a favorable valley. Merganser (Mergus mergan- This is an issue which is quite new trying to grab the bird food materials other bird app. as dark throated courtship yards of different habitat ser) Zalmma, Pintail, (…….) mallard, and may create conflict between men and the seeds for the natural regen- trush (turdus sufficollis) The great for different breeding birds to breed (…….), Gold finer F, F, serin mango- animal if not resolved well in time. erations in our fragile areas. tits ( major) winter wren (trog- successfully from hatchling to the ju- leai finch Gossnon, with other win- These birds are forced by human Himalayan may apple (Podophyl- lodytes trogolodytes) Robia accutor venile and sub-adult to adult stages. ter birds like the great Rose finch and Area interventions as their roosting and lum hexandrum) (Denmo Kushu) Range Block SANTUARY (silvia curruea) Gry bush chat (sex- In the early stages like hatch- Buntings, Accentor and many more. (sq.km) rearing area for their young ones a rear and endangered medicinal icola ferrea) The wall creefrt (ticho- ling to juvenile the rearing perfor- Since completion of my check list Shaker-Chiktan Kamji 421 have been selected for play ground plant a big population can be seen in droma murasia) rufous mapedtit mances are important part of bird on birds of Ladakh published in Zoo Shaker-Chiktan Bkharboo 450 and constructed cement structure Sanku valley such as Tsangra, Pan- (parus rufonuchalis0 are few exam- life, which cannot be avoided if the outreach in the year 2000. Where as conservation for cricket ground near ikhar and ovmba are the hotspots. ples lessor while throat warble. family of a certain species especially due to climate change, birdlife in La- reserve Changthang. Where as earlier it was Unfortunately this important plant is As and when the snow metts in in the migratory birds. If the breed- dakh has m,m,m,m,m,mm/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/ Shaker-Chiktan Nindum 580 also being collected for the trade in month of March, the summer mi- ing grounds are not that safe for the cc species. the metropolitan cities of India and Shaker-Chiktan Gargardoo 325 gratory birds from larger to small- breeding birds during breeding peri- 1.The sea buck thorn berry is be- abroad; a key content of the herb is Sanko Brako 160 er, starts their arrvel in which the od from different predators. In- La ing sold by villagers to the industrial- Abas used for making medicine of cancer tickets thrush (terrdus unicolor) the dakh mostly the birds are facing the ists in the Indus belt. 2.SBT collection Sanko Umbo 270 treatment too. As we know that Suru blue throat (Luscinia sercica) Roby lose eggs, hatchlings; and stagnant of co-operative department. Taisuru 1200 valley is the hotspot for many endan- throats (luscinia petoralis) common population size due is due to attack 3.The SBT using as fuel in rural gered and critically endangered ani- Zanskar Rizong 280 starling (sturnus vulgaris) Rossy by feral dog and other predator. The areas in Ladakh. mal bird and plant species. The few Tungri 125 starking (stur roseus). major threat caused by feral dogs The sea buck thorn seed and ber- are places like the Tsomoriri3 lake ry use by more than 45 bird species Lugnak 400 and Tsokar, Pangong, Phuktsey and in the habitats of land birds and Drass Shimsa-Kharboo 675

Shegul tso, as the military and para- those birds are the real owners of Drass Proposed Drass 235 Acknowledgements. military personals and their waste these sea buck thorn forests witch is WLS food; without any proper disposal initially propagated by the seed eater 3 Ladakh’s only Ramsar site and with the Proposed 1021 birds (seedaevourse) in an astonish- Roger T Peterson 1964 by time Inc. Cricket pitch in the center of crane roosting area near Nyoma within the I.B.As, resulting the in- largest breeding area for Bar headed gees Mulbekh WLS (year 2011) creasing numbers of feral dogs and ing method through their droppings

26 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 27 Deterioration Scene By Dorjey Chitta along the Indus Belt THE BEAUTY WCBCL member OF THE SNOW THE endangered snow leopard is an amazing and beautiful cat. It is called by many names such as mountain monarch, elusive cat and grey ghost. Its coat camouflages very well with its surroundings and it becomes very difficult to LEOPARD spot it. The challenges in spotting the snow leopard have been compared to searching for the Holy Grail. The snow leopard remains the dream of most By Tsewang Dorjey Daya wildlife photographers. Executive Member, WCBCL The snow leopard is found across the Ladakh region. It is mostly nocturnal and prefers rugged, mountainous terrains, which include cliffs, ridges and ledges. It uses these features to survey the surroundings landscape as it pa- RIVER banks are very important breeding spot for birds. trols its territory and hunts for prey. One such area stretched from Shashi Bridge near Thik- The snow leopards main prey species are the Blue-sheep or Bharal, Asiatic sey to Spituk village, where thousands of birds breed and Ibex, Ladakh Urial, and, more rarely, Marmot and Hares. Sometimes, it also others use for rest during migration. The area sees large attacks livestock. There are many legends and tales about the habits of the congregations of birds in the period from the middle of snow leopards. The snow leopard lives in some of the most challenging land- March till the end of May and then again from early Oc- scapes in the world and it remains difficult to get an accurate estimate of their tober till the beginning of November. Chushot village is population in any given area. J another good place for watching birds. The small pond at Gupuk is one of the best sites for different species of resident and migratory birds, who throng to it in spring and autumn. One of the rarest birds in the areas is the Ibisbill or Tunglakma/Tung-gyalmo (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) who lives along the banks of the Indus and also breeds and nurture their young before migrating to other places each winter. The Ibisbill is very popular among birdwatchers and usually live in small groups or in a pair. They camou- flage very well in their surroundings and it is very hard to spot them. A pair of binoculars or spotting scopes is essential to spot these birds. In addition to these, one can spot birds such as the sol- itary snipe (Gallinago solitaria), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), common redshank (Tringa tetanus), common greenshank (Tringa nebularia), marsh sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis), green sandpiper (Tringa ochropus) and many other species along the banks of the Indus. Shey and Thik- sey marshes are famous for grey heron (Ardea cinerea), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), little egret Egret( - ta garzetta) and seasonal birds like cattle egret Bubulcus( ibis) and blue whistling Thrush Myophonus( caeruleus). Unfortunately, the banks of the Indus are affected by pollution, human disturbance and a growing population of stray dogs. These activities disturb the birds that use these banks and damage the nests of breeding birds. In the summer, we often observe boys and girls hang- CLEAN BIRD HABITAT CAMPAIGN BY MEMBERS OF WCBCL, ALONG THE INDUS BELT, APRIL 2014 ing out near Sindhu Ghat and on the banks of the river. They leave behind broken beer bottles that harm the birds and other creatures in the area. In the summer, labourer tect the river and keep it clean for the other creatures that and residents can be seen defecated on the banks of the use the area. In addition to this, contamination of drink- river. This not only pollutes the water but also disturbs ing water creates havoc in the human society. It is thus the area and spoils its aesthetic beauty. In addition, the very important to create awareness and take preventive river is now full of garbage dumped by people upstream. steps. If we damage our environment, we may not have a Unfortunately, no one has come forward to complain future in this area. about acts that damage the river. While some of us have chosen to dedicate our lives to The members of Wildlife Conservation and Birds Club work for the conservation of biodiversity, it is the duty of Ladakh have carried our several cleanliness drives of every human being to conserve the environment we along the river. However, such efforts will have no impact share with many other species. unless every citizen makes it their responsibility to pro-

28 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 29 Ladakh is one of the most beautiful and awe inspiring MY TRYST places in the world. It is bestowed with beautiful landscapes, meandering rivers, sparkling streams, meandering glaciers WITH WILD and mesmerizing wildlife. It’s no wonder that it attracts LADAKH thousands of visitors from around the world.

By Dr. Tsewang Namgail fulfilled and satisfied with their lives. The situation is not very different in Ladakh, which improve living conditions in the villages, with access to Director, Snow Leopard My experience seemed to suggest suffers a deluge of packaged food each year, with nega- various facilities such as electricity and phone connectiv- Conservancy-India Trust that they indeed were. These com- tive impacts on our health, environment and economy. ity. However, am not sure if modern amenities equate to a munities not only breathe fresher First, the transport trucks pollute the air, then the prod- better life. More often than not, these amenities erode the LADAKH is one of the most beau- air, drink purer water, and eat highly ucts pump harmful ingredients into our body with little social and ecological systems in the villages. For instance, tiful and awe inspiring places in the nutritious food, but also have more nutritional value and finally the packaging pollute and a road makes villages accessible but at the cost of all the world. It is bestowed with beautiful meaningful relationships with each harm the environment. In time, the toxic chemicals in the plants that once grew in that area and the animals that landscapes, meandering rivers, spar- other and with nature. With devel- packaging leach out and contaminate ground water. Its depended on them. kling streams, meandering glaciers opment, we are already witnessing difficult to understand why people enrich these compa- Imagine what would happen in Ladakh, if the snow and mesmerizing wildlife. It’s no shorter life-spans, and growing prev- nies by paying for attractively packaged toxic chemicals leopard were to disappear. The population of wild sheep wonder that it attracts thousands of alence of various diseases. that make them ill, pollute their air, harm their environ- and goats would explode and lead to overgrazing lead- visitors from around the world. After This explains the growing pref- ment and contaminate their water. ing to desertification. In such a scenario, floods would years of wanderings outside Ladakh, erence for rural areas around the Instead, it is important for us to boost our land-based become more frequent as the soil will not be able to hold I returned home some years back. world. Science has shown that peo- economy by encouraging farmers to grow native crops water in the absence of plants. Floods cause damage to I still remember my teens when I ple who spend more time outdoors that are healthier and more nutritious. A lot of families agricultural fields and property. This is just one possible was enthralled by the abundance of are physically and mentally stronger migrate to Leh to ensure that their children have access ecological outcome to highlight the complexity of these plant diversity and lush forests in the and have more stable relationships as to better educational facilities. We also need to remember ecosystems. Wildlife provides a range of other services. plains south of the Himalayas. It took compared to those who spend most that the quality of education in private schools is at par For instance, insects pollinate plants that feed us, while me several years to realize that the of their time indoors. It’s well-known with government schools. Schools outside Ladakh pri- birds spread seeds and control pests and vulture eat car- greenest pasture were actually in the that people in some of the most de- marily groom children to earn degrees and become a cog casses to prevent the spread of disease. Thus, agriculture cold desert high up in the mountains. veloped countries live wretched lives in the industrial wheel. Modern education is designed to depends heavily on these ecological processes. Here the plants are more nutritious, filled with anxiety and depression. smother the creativity of children and make them con- In recent years, there have been complaints about while the fragrances of flowers are Hunza valley in north Pakistan is a form to industrial norms. So, they learn job skills, but livestock depredation by snow leopards and crop dam- purer and sweeter. But alas, all this is good example of this contrast. In the not life skills that are critical for a meaningful life. They ages by ibexes, marmots and partridges. Many people do changing rather quickly. past people in this valley live well- become literate, but not educated. They think too much not realize the important role played by these animals In the past, I used to ponder about over 100 years but by the late twenti- about their career, and too little about their life. By the in ecosystem that sustains us. Marmots, for example, dig the negative relationship between eth century their life-span started to time they realize this,, its often too late. There is a Dutch the ground and make the soil fertile, and facilitate greater development and fulfillment among plummet. This change has now been saying, “We grow old too soon and grow smart too late.” plant diversity. We probably would not have survived in people. I could not help but wonder correlated to the flow of packaged We need to encourage farmers to stay in the villag- this harsh landscape without the support of wild animals, if people in remote areas are more foods. es and grow food for Ladakh. One simple solution is to who are the real ‘owners’ of the land. They have been

30 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 31 I always wondered if there is a negative relationship between modern development and fulfillment among people

present in ths region for tens of thousands of years, while humans arrived only 10,000 years ago. Fortunately, we still have a lot of wildlife in Ladakh. These animals have been a source of great joy for me. Till a few years ago, I used to live a nomadic life, travel- ling between Europe, Indian plains and the wildlife land- scapes of Ladakh. This was part of my research, which I started in 1998, when I investigated insect pests on poplar trees around Chandigarh. This did not satisfy me and I started looking for more adventurous projects. I ended up in Norway to pursue a Master in Wildlife Science, which was my passport to the wilderness of Ladakh—I needed a scholarship to afford travelling across Ladakh. A few months later I was in Rumbak studying the Tibetan arga- li, the world’s largest wild sheep species. Later, I realized that I was the first person to carry out serious ecological research in Ladakh, as others had mostly focused on sur- veys. As an inexperienced researched in Rumbak, I became fascinated by the story of the argalis in the park. Three individuals (two males and one female) had arrived in the 1970s. Hunting by paramilitary forces was common at that time and the two males were shot, leaving the fe- male behind. Fortunately, the female was pregnant and the population soon grew to 25 individuals. The argali is beautiful and the locals regarded their arrival as a good omen, and protected them. I spent around three months studying their ways. It remains one of the most cherished experiences of my life. camera trap snow leopards—this was the first such study pass, we could not walk as the snow was neck-deep, and get close to cranes in Hanle. To make myself ‘acceptable’, I also saw my first snow leopard on the slopes facing in Ladakh. The only way to reach Zanskar was to walk had to roll over the pass. We reached after strug- I would often don the clothes of local herders with whom Yurutse near Rumbak. One afternoon, as I was scanning over the frozen in the peak of winter. We gling through deep snow, after which our porters truned the birds shared a good relationship. I also had the oppor- the slopes for different vegetation formations, I saw the saluted the Zanskaris, who brave the ice, sometimes bare- back and we hired two horses for our camping gear. We tunity to see some rare species like the Tibetan sand fox. silhouettes of two animals on a ridgeline who turned out foot to keep their shoes dry, to travel to and from Zanskar finally reached Tsokar, after traversing a loop through the I had many eventful days, with walking over my to be snow leopards. Hoping to catch a closer glimpse, I in the winter. I wondered about the fate of the snow leop- wilderness of Zanskar and Changthang. face to wake me up and Tibetan sandgrouses dropping climbed the slope and hid behind some cairns near the ards in this landscape once the tar road was complete. As I then went to the Wageningen University in the by to drink water from the spring nearby. By mid-morn- ridgeline. As I peeked out, I saw the leopards at a distance of now, uncontrolled tourism is polluting the river during Netherlands to explore the wilderness of Ladakh. One ing, golden eagles would soar above the camp and some- of about 15m. They are the most beautiful creatures on the winter treks. winter, I was in Gya-Miru researching human-wildlife times wolves would cross the slopes above campsite. A our planet. I was a little scared a bit as this was my first After the 15-day trek on the Zanskar and Tsarab riv- conflict. I camped in minus 27 degrees Celsius in a tent nature-lover could ask for nothing more! This was wild encounter with them. After some time, one walked to a ers, we reached Shun valley, where we set up cameras. made from parachute material and plastic sheets to keep Ladakh unfurling its beauty. Now I fear that these scenes valley on the right and the other to one on the left, which Some of the cameras finished their film rolls rather quick- the icy wind at bay. At a cliff below the campsite was a may become a forgotten memory as things are changing I was able to watch till it ‘disappeared’ into the ground. ly. We were very excited till we developed the rolls: The roosting site of a Himalayan Eagle Owl. One day I felt fast with unregulated tourism and the push for develop- There were no boulders, bush or anything else but it dis- cameras’ motion-sensors had responded to snow blown lonely and sought its company. I was sitting 5m from the ment. For instance, thoughtless off-road driving is de- appeared right in front of my eyes. At that moment, I by the wind! Despite this, we got some stunning photos owl and could see the veins in its eyes. On other days, I stroying dens, crushing the eggs of ground-nesting understood why the animal is called the grey ghost. I had on the camera traps. We then headed back to Leh as my would seek the company of wolves that visited the valley birds, destroying the fertile topsoil and disturbing wild come searching for argalis and managed to see a snow friend had to catch a flight in a week’s time. This meant or Tibetan Partridges floundering in the snow. animals. We need to consider these issues and take cor- leopard. I was starting to get a peek into the secret lives that we had to look for a shorter route. Despite warnings I later studied the elegant gazelles of Changthang. The rective measures. We need to act with ecological, social of Ladakh’s wild critters. from villagers, we decided to cross Morangla to Tsokar landscape that they inhabited was equally beautiful. They and economic responsibility to ensure that Ladakh’s wil- After my master’s degree from the University of basin and then hitch a ride to Leh. With seven porters, we were so shy and would bounce away like ping-pong balls derness will continue to enchant future generations. Tromsø, I got an opportunity to go to Zanskar in 2002 to ploughed through thigh-deep snow for many days. At the at the slightest disturbance. I also had the opportunity

32 JUNGWA March 2017 JUNGWA March 2017 33 Black-necked Crane. Probably Ladakh’s flagship species. Though can be seen in Arunachal this is the only place to see it in summer. Seen mostly in Changthang in LADAKH INDIA’S marshes and bogs the best place to see it is Tsokar and Hanle. Tibetan Sandgrouse. A beautiful sandgrouse seen above 4,200 m in midsized flocks on stony planes. Best place to see TsoKar. BIRDING HIGHPOINT Ground Tit / Hume’s Groundpecker. This unusual bird is a resident breeder here, best seen in summer when it is displaying and rearing its chicks in burrows. Best place to see TsoKar. Whitebrowed Tit Warbler A colorful bird and another resident breeder but local migrant. Best place to see Panamik in Nubra valley. Eurasian Eagle Owl. Only confirmed sightings of the awe inspiring birds are from Ladakh. Best place to see Puga, Hanle, Markha Valley, Phyang, Ulley. Little Owl. High on cuteness factor. Best place to see TsoKar. . This large is seen in grasslands/plains besides marshes. Best By Rajneesh Suvarna Tibetan Lark place to see Hanle. Golden Eagle. Ladakh has the most consistent sightings of this majestic raptor. LADAKH, which literally means the Best seen at Khardungla, Tsokar. land of high passes, is also described Saker Falson. Though now occasionally seen in Rajasthan, Ladakh is still the best as the roof of the world due to its place to see this powerful and graceful Falcon. Best place to see Tsokar. high altitude. It is situated at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, bound Upland Buzzard. This powerful bird is often seen perched on lookouts on cliffs. by the Karakoram in the north and Best place to see, Tsokar. the Himalayas to the South and west. Himalayan Snowcock. Seen on steep hillsides and boulder marked meadows. It also has the Zanskar and Ladakh Best Place to see . ranges running through it creating Tibetan Snowcock. Seen on rugged bare slopes. Best seen at passes TanglangLa valleys that are variable in environ- and ChangLa ment and habitat. Rainfall is limited Tibetan Partridge. Resident breeder seen in small flocks in scrubby plains.Best and mostly received in snow, it cre- place to see between Puga and Tsokar ates a landscape of windswept high altitude plains overseen by rugged Whitethroated Dipper. A resident breeder seen along boulders in fast flowing and many a time snow capped moun- streams. Best place to see, South Pulu, Puga Sumdo. tains. There are lakes with extended Güldenstädt’s Redstart. Resident breeder is not uncommon all through the year. marshes, rolling hills and some green Best place to see slopes leading to the passes; KahrdungLa, ChangLa and Tang- wide valleys. The winter as expected langLa. is extreme and summers pleasant but Mongolian Finch. A little cute finch that is not too easy to get. Best place to see being situated on the edge of the pale TsoKar, Hanle. arctic and the Tibetan biome while Tibetan Snowfinch. A Large snowfinch, widespread and common. being on the pathway to the Indian/ Oriental zoo-geog Blanford’s Snowfinch. Summer breeder found in grazing meadows and besides marshes. Best seen at TsoKar. raphical regions, Ladakh has more ing the Indus river and the marshes for a lot of species. Tsokar the brack- than its fair share of winged residents from Shey to Thiksay have some cul- ish water lake and its sister freshwa- Tsokar and its Brandt’s Mountain Finch. A relatively common bird that seems to love hight and visitors. From resident species tivation and marshes providing good ter lake Tataputso would probably be sister freshwater altitudes, often seen as you approach passes and near Gompas. Best seen at near that are altitudinal migrants to high opportunity to see some ‘lowland the best birding areas in Ladakh for passes. altitude summer breeding visitors to species’ in the valley. Rumbak valley the amount of species and volumes lake Tataputso Streaked Rosefinch. Resident breeder, this large breeder is found near open species that use Ladakh as a staging with is Willow and buckthorn slopes that you see. Hanle with its vast would probably be scrub. Best place to see, seen in most parts of Ladakh best in South and Southeast post in their transcontinental migra- rising slowing towards the passes. Nu- planes is another treasure trove for the best birding Great Rosefinch. Another big rosefinch and often seen in same locations and tion crossing the Himalayan range; bra Valley beyond the Khardungla pass birds as well as mammals. areas in Ladak. with the Streaked. Best place to see, seen in most parts of Ladakh best in South Ladakh hosts nearly 350(?) species. has spectacular sand dunes, riverine Suru Valley is very different from and Southeast. Ladakh is huge, roughly 90,000sq. and marshy habitat. It also has exten- all other regions of Ladakh. Much km, its stark landscape has to be seen sive buckthorn which is always visited more lush and vegetated than any to appreciate the scale of this nature’s by birds. Puga Sumdo Valley is inter- other area its supports a different set Despite such an impressive list there are records of species like Garden, Barred, masterpiece. Vegetation is sparse and esting as it has diverse habitats; rocky of species. Apart from the number of Great reed, Sedge, Black browed and Wood Warbler most of which are the only so is human habitation. So while it’s slopes wedging in streams, meadows bird species and the spellbinding hab- records for India and all until recently were only from mist nets. This is a reflection relatively easy to sight birds you need and some cultivation too. There is also itat another reason to bird in ladakh of how under birded Ladakh is and there are probably many a species waiting to to cover great distances. The main bird- a hot spring here. is that it gives access to species that make it to the list. That’s one more reason why Ladakh should make its way into ing zones can be defined by Indus and Hanle and the lakes Tsomoriri of are difficult or impossible to see in the your birding calendar. Rumbak Valleys.The valleys surround- spectacular beauty and nesting site rest of the country.

34 JUNGWA March 2017 J JUNGWA March 2017 35 16 new birds recorded in Ladakh By Tashi Chotak Lonchey

Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) Spotted at Shey marshes on 11th Oct 2016. Is a large size,purple blue coloration with variable grey- Common Chaff Finch ish head , huge red bill and frontal shield. Large marshes Spotted at Phyang village (34° 11’ 50” N and 77° 30’ 5” E) and extensive reedbeeds bordering wetlands. in Nov/Dec 2015. The common chaffinchFringilla ( coelebs), usually known simply as the chaffinch, is a common and widespread small bird in the finch family. The male is brightly coloured with a blue-grey cap and rust-red un- der parts. The chaffinch breeds in much of Europe, across Asia to Siberia and in northwest Africa. The chaffinch breeds in wooded areas where the July iso- therm is between 12 and 30 °C (54 and 86 °F). The breed- ing range includes northwest Africa, most of Europe and extends eastwards cross temperate Asia to the Angara River and the southern end of Lake Baikal in Siberia.

Spotted Redshank Spotted at Chuchot in November 2015.

Spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis) Spotted at Tarchit Rong in November 2015. Is a small and somewhat long-tailed pigeon which is a Yellow-breasted greenfinch (Chloris spinoides) common resident breeding bird across its native range on Spotted at Phyang village (34° 11’ 50” N and 77° 30’ 5” E) the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The spotted on 1st of November 2016. dove in its native range in Asia is found across a range of A species of finch in the family Fringillidae native to the habitats including woodland, scrub, farmland and hab- northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. The species itation. In India it tends to be found in the moister re- occurs primarily in the mid-altitudes of the Himalayas, gions, with the laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) and in parts of Southeast Asia. It ranges across Afghani- being commoner in the drier areas. These doves are most- stan, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet and ly found on the ground where they forage for seeds and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and grain or on low vegetation. temperate shrubland.

36 JUNGWA March 2017