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Cryptic Emersion – Part One (Of Ten) Derek P.S

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Cryptic Emersion – Part One (Of Ten) Derek P.S Cryptic Emersion – Part One (of Ten) Derek P.S. Tustin History the tank (including the building of a new stand, substrate As I’ve mentioned to many of you in person, and selection and acquisition, and tentative selection of fish) occasionally in print here in Tank Talk, one of my main anticipating purchasing several crypts at our annual areas of interest in relation to the aquatic hobby is the auction. I was successful in doing so, and came home with four species of crypts, two Anubias spp., a single sample of growing of aquatic plants. Luckily, I have had some a Lobelia sp., and several fish with which to stock. success in doing so, but find that a major blockage to my achieving the next level in the Aquatic Horticulturist Awards Program (AHAP) is getting more of the plants I Over the next year (or ten issues of Tank Talk, which am cultivating to flower in order for them to go to seed. should take me up until the April 2009 edition) I will be After doing some more research, I have confirmed that sharing my experiences on a month-by-month basis, including a picture of the tank every week to visually many aquatic plants, especially those sold for aquariums, present the changes that occur. Hopefully this will as opposed to ponds, will not flower when grown submersed, or if they do, they will not go to seed. encourage me to keep a very sharp eye on my tank, and also to view it critically. Further, I am hoping that in doing The family of plants that has really captured my attention so you as a member of DRAS will offer suggestions on is the Cryptocoryne family. They are probably the family some of the things I am doing wrong, or that you may read something that will help you in your aquatic horticultural that has the greatest number of species commonly endeavours. available, and some are actually quite easy to grow submersed in a community aquarium. However, almost every member of the family needs to grow emersed in Before I begin my week-by-week account of what is order to flower and go to seed. (There is some confusion happening in what I have informally called my “Crypt about what exactly “emersed” means. One definition, as Emersion Tank”, I would like to share exactly how I went about setting up this tank, and my reasoning behind some taken from the website www.yourdictionary.com, is: of these decisions. Again, should you have any “having emerged above the surface; specifically, standing out above the water, as the leaves of certain aquatic suggestions, I am hoping that you will contact me and plants”. Immersed means “growing completely under share them. water.”) As such, I was thinking that I might like to try and grow some species emersed to see if I could achieve Tank Set Up this. Size As mentioned, the tank measures 36 inches (or 3 feet) in A while back Ivan Shaw of our club mentioned a rather length, 6 inches in width, and 6 inches in height. The uniquely shaped aquarium that he was considering capacity of the tank is therefore 25.26 litres (5.61 gallons) parting with. The tank, which measured 36 inches in of water. However, with the substrate I estimate that the length, 6 inches in width, and 6 inches in height, seemed actual capacity is closer to 15 litres (4 gallons). to be almost a perfect height to encourage some Cryptocoryne spp. to grow emersed. After a bit of convincing, Ivan agreed to sell me the tank for a very Lighting reasonable price. In my other tanks, I have kit-bashed some basic components to achieve my desired lighting. For this tank, I I was in the middle of planning the set-up of the tank want the plants to grow emersed, and as such almost all of (even having built a very rough stand) when life, as it is the components will be exposed. I therefore decided to go often wont to do, threw me a curve. My wife and I found with a commercial set of lights for this tank. I designed the a new home, and in the period of four months ended up tank so the lights would be suspended 6 inches over the moving. This of course put my plans for this tank on surface of the water, and realize that I will lose a fair hold. However, as we moved into our new home, I took amount of light from spill over. However, this tank is the opportunity to set the tank up on an ad-hoc basis. designed for Cryptocoryne species, and many of them will During the move of my main tank, a 75-gallon, I also took grow in lower light conditions. Therefore, for both the the opportunity to prune some of my flourishing crypts amount of light, for aesthetic reasons, and for the ability to and removed about 20 small Cryptocoryne spp. for integrate it into my design, I went with the Coralife inclusion in this new set-up. Unfortunately, I cannot tell Freshwater Aqualight T-5. It is a double fluorescent lamp you exactly which species they are, but I did put them fixture with one Colormax Full Spectrum bulb and one 6700 into the ad-hoc set-up to test several of the parameters I bulb. Two features that were especially attractive were the was planning on using. After about 10 weeks of function, polished reflector behind the bulbs (which will help re-direct I was satisfied that what I was planning should work at some light back into the tank), and the acrylic lens cover least to keep the species alive. (which is easier to clean and allows the bulbs to remain dry). Each of the bulbs is rated at 18 watts, for a combined After some further planning and some calculation of time 36 watts total. remaining until our annual auction, I planned and set-up (continued on page 13) Tank Talk – May 2008 5 Volume 35, Number 9 Cryptic Emersion – Part One (continued from page 5) Very little is actually available on the internet regarding In my research on Cryptocorynes, I found that many like to exactly how much light will be lost as the lights are raised be in moving water. It is my hope that the set-up I settled incrementally above the aquarium. However, using the on will allow water movement along the entire length of the traditional “watts per gallon”, I would have 9 watts per tank and assist in stimulating growth. For those of you who gallon (using 4 gallons of water as the baseline). Most are interested, the Aquaclear Mini has a maximum flow rate sources on the Internet suggest that this would be high of 378 litres-per-hour (400 gallons-per-hour) and a wattage per gallon. However, by raising the lamps to 6 minimum flow rate of 125 lph (33 gph). This means that I inches above the surface, I think I may be more in the can turn the water over a maximum of approximately 100 range of medium watts per gallon. According to the times per hour with the ability to adjust downwards should I sources I have reviewed, this should be sufficient for deem it necessary. This should be more than sufficient for Cryptocoryne spp. the set-up I have designed. Finally, a while back, I came across a reference to an “algae break”. Basically, the concept is that if you Heating provide a break in the daily photoperiod, it will inhibit the I’ll discuss this more in a bit, but I calculate that the aquatic o growth of algae in the aquarium. Apparently, most types plants in my tank need a minimum temperature of 22 of algae require a longer and unbroken period of lighting Celsius (72o Fahrenheit) and will tolerate a maximum to grow. While certain sources (Christel Kasselmen temperature of 30o C (86o F), while the fish and among them) do not put much credence in the “algae crustaceans require a minimum temperature of 24o C break” system, I have been using it with all my tanks for a (76o F) and will tolerate a maximum temperature of 26o C o couple of years. While I am unable to definitively say that (80 F). Given this, I do require a heater in this tank, and it completely prohibits algae growth, it does seem to from personal experience have found the Fluval Tronic to decrease it. I am also using this system in this tank and, be an excellent heater. Given the small amount of water, a using a timer, the lights come on at 11:00 AM, go out at 50-watt heater is more than sufficient, and I added this to 2:00 PM, turn on once again at 2:45 PM, and finally shut the tank, suction-cupped to the rear wall. off at 11:00 PM. Most sources seem to indicate that a 12-hour photoperiod is acceptable for growing most aquatic plants. My reasoning for turning the main Substrate aquarium lights on at 11:00 AM is to allow a full 12-hour One area that I did put a lot of thought into was what type photoperiod, a good portion of which I can enjoy after of substrate I was going to use in this set-up. In Christel returning home after work in the evening. Kassleman’s book Aquarium Plants, she recommends the addition of some peat moss for growing Cryptocoryne spp.
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