582.547.15 MEDEDELINGEN LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN • NEDERLAND •79-14(1979)

A REVISION OF SCHOTT () (PRIMITIAE AFRICANAE XII)

W. CRUSIO Laboratory of Taxonomyand Plant Geography, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Received 28-VI-1979 Date ofpublicatio n 22-X-1979

H. VEENMAN & ZONEN B.V.- WAGENINGEN - 1979 CONTENTS

page

INTRODUCTION 1

HISTORY OF THE •

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY '

CULTIVATION '

GENUS DIAGNOSIS , 2

KEY TO THE 4

DESCRIPTIONS ^ Anubias afzeliiSCHOT T barteri SCHOTT .. var. barteri ., var. angustifolia (ENGLER) CRUSIO var. caladiifolia ENGLER .,

var.glabra N. E. BROWN ,9 var. nana(ENGLER ) CRUSIO 21 gigantea CHEVALIERe x HUTCHINSON 24 gilletiiD E WILDEMAN et DURAND 2g

gracilis CHEVALIERe x HUTCHINSON ' 3) hastifolia ENGLER 35 heterophylla ENGLER 43 pynaertii DE WILDEMAN ... 46 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 47 LITERATURE 48 INDEX INTRODUCTION

The present revision of the genus Anubias SCHOTT is based on a study of herbarium materials and literature, supplemented byth e information obtained from specimens cultivated at the Laboratory of Plant and Plant Geography of the Agricultural University at Wageningen. Thefollowin g Herbaria suppliedspecimens ;th eDirector san dKeeper skindl y sent them on loan. B(Berlin) , BM (London), BR(Brussels) ,CO I(Coimbra) ,E (Edinburgh), G (Geneva), GRO (Groningen), HBG (Hamburg), K (Kew), L (Leyden), LE (Leningrad), M (Munich), P (Paris), S(Stockholm) , UPS(Upp ­ sala),WA G (Wageningen),Z (Zurich) .

HISTORY OF THE GENUS

Anubias isconfine d to western TropicalAfrica , Senegalt oAngol a andZaire . In 1857 SCHOTT established the genus Anubias,basin g this on one species. Anubias afzelii SCHOTT. Inth ecours e oftime , 18 speciesi ntota l weredescribed . In 1968 HEPPER removed ENGLER and Anubias aunculata ENGLER from Anubiast o Amauriella RENDLE.Thi slatte r genusha d beenestab ­ lished in 1913,base d on one new species:Amauriella obanensis RENDLE. Inth e present revision, Anubiasan d Amauriella are united. Only 8spec.e si n Anubias are recognised.

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY

Anubias is most frequent in a comparatively ™"0\Z0™^Xc^Z tropical African coast but can befoun d asfa r asBamak oi n Mai.^ m Central Zaire.A. barterii sth emos t widely distributed species, rod»^^££ Congo.A. afzelii, A.gigantea, andA. gracilisar e ^t^^^^h ofWes t Tropical Africa, whileth e other speciesoccurJ^J™ ™ ^ Anubias occurs in forests in wet, shady places,mostl y on thebank s courses. Sometimes they grow completely submerged.

CULTIVATION u c Unwingsoecie swer ecultivated : A. During the course of this revision the,fdow . g ^.. ^ ^. (a„ va_ afzelii, A. gigantea, A. heterophylla, A. giUetu J> h can begr0wn a rieties). Onlywhe nkep ti na ver yhumi d^ ^bI ^ or above 2TC s01 a successfully. The temperature of ' ™ mixtureofsand, clayan dhumus . (-30°C). Theplant s wereplace d inpot s ma m +^ ^ ^ ^ Theplants Thepot swer eplace d inbuckets ,whic hcom a _ ^ ^ ^ ^^ nQt even were kept in the greenhouse, shaded, anu during winter. 1 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) A. barterian d A. heterophylla are sometimes kept by aquarists submerged in indoor tanks. Some of them report a satisfactory growth (ANSINK, 1977: 68, dealing with A. heterophylla; SADILEK, 1974: 129; 1978: 202; 1978: 238, all dealing with A. barteri; MOHLMANN, 1977:485 ,dealin g with A. barteri).

GENUS DIAGNOSIS

AnubiasSCHOT T

SCHOTT, 1857: 398; 1858: 42; 1860: 159; ENGLER, 1879: 433; BENTHAM & HOOKER, 1883:975; ENGLER, 1893:462; BAILLON, 1895: 50;BROWN , 1901: 182; ENGLER, 1915: 2; LEMEE, 1929: 188.

Type species: A. afzelii SCHOTT (monotypic).

Heterotypic : Amauriella RENDLE, 1913:115 ;ENGLER , 1915:1 ; LEMEE, 1929: 188; HEPPER, 1968a: 454. Type species: Amauriella obanensis RENDLE(monotypic) . Note: Amauriella obanensis RENDLEi sAnubias hastifolia ENGLER.

Perennialherbs. Rhizomeprostrate , creeping and rooting. Top of the densely leaved, or leaves all over the rhizome. Leavespetiolate . Leaf-blades very variable in form and size, from narrowly oblong-lanceolate with an obtuse or acute base,t o widely elliptic with a hastate base(sometime snearl ytripartit ei nA. gigantea). Numerou sparalle l nerves,wit h many slender veinlets transversally between them. Above glabrous, below gla­ brous or more or less densely puberulous on the midrib and primary veins. Coriaceous or subchartaceous. Spathe oblong, oblong-elliptic or ovate, closed or open when flowering and then sometimes spreading backwards. After flowering closing again and persistent. Spadix cylindrical, thick or slender, more or lessdensel y covered with naked unisexual flowers.

t

D. DEWIT , calidarioWAG , 3.V.1978 - {Crusio8, WAG). ^ Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Berriesenclose db yth espathe ,depressed-globose , 2-3-locular, many-seeded. Seeds small,irregularl y ovoid.

Distribution: 8specie s in West-Africa, mostly in the rainforest belt.

KEY TO THE SPECIES la. Thecae only on the side or on the top of the synandrium 2 lb. Thecae covering the synandrium completely on the sides and (sometimes onlypartly )o nth etop .Whe nflowerin g spatheope ndow nt oth ebas ean d the spadix exserted 8. A. pynaertii 2a. Thecae on the side of the synandrium 3 2b. Thecae on the top or at the edge of the synandrium 7 3a. Stamens (6)7-8(9); (thecae 14-16). Leaf-blades triangular-cordate in out­ line. Spathe up to 3c m long 5. A. gracilis 3b. Stamens 3—6(—8); (thecae 6-12). Leaf-blades not asabov e 4 4a. Spathe open down to the base when flowering, but near the insertion with imbricate margins 5 4b. Spathe opening up to half way down during flowering 6 5a. Spathe oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, never reflexed, and more or less fleshy. Sometimesspadi xa littl eexserted . Spatheu pt oA\ cm long;almos t twice to 4| times as long as broad 7. A. heterophylla 5b. Spathe oblongt o oblong-lanceolate, reflexed whenflowering , not fleshy, up to 6c m long; more than 4x as long as broad 2. A. barteri 6a. Leaf-blade lanceolate, mostly longer than the . . . . 1. A. afzelii 6b. Leaf-blade hastately lobed, mostly shorter than the petiole. 3. A. gigantea 7a. Whenflowerin gspath eope na tth euppe rpar t only,u pt o4 ^c mlong .Theca e on the top or ± at the edge ofth e synandrium, never on the sides of the synandrium 6. A. hastifolia 7b. When flowering spathe open down to the base, at the very base convolute, up to 3c m long. Thecae at the edge of the synandrium, ovate-elliptic. Spathe reflexed 4. A. gilletii (Notice: In A. heterophylla the thecae are sometimes only on the upper half of the side of the synandrium. Especially when dried, they may resemble the thecae of A. gilletii strongly.)

Notes: 1. For a correct determination adult flowering specimens are necessary. 2.Th e position of the thecae on the synandrium isbes t seen during anthesis. 3.Sometime sdeforme d$ flowers occur,2 neighbourin gflower sbein gmor e or less connate, which leads to the presence of more stamens than usual. On the same however, normal flowers can always be found.

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) DESCRIPTIONS

1. Anubias afzelii SCHOTT Fig.1 ,Phot . 2, Map1 .

SCHOTT, 1857: 399; 1858: pi. 42; 1860: 159; ENGLER, 1879: 434; BROWN, 1901: 183; ENGLER, 1915: 3; HUTCHINSON & DALZIEL, 1936: 365; BERHAUT, 1967: 316;HEPPER, 1968b:120.

Type: Afzelius s.n., Sierra Leone (UPS,holotype ; isotypeBM) .

Rhizome prostrate, creeping and rooting, 1-4 cm thick. At the top densely leaved. Petiole up to 20 cm long, sheathing till over the middle, at theen d provided with an 1-1^ cm long geniculum, half to almost as long as the leaf-blade, glabrous. In cultivated specimens the petiole sometimes as long as or even slightly longer than the leaf-blade (up to 29c mlong ,sheat h 8c mlong) . Leaf-blade elongate-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 13-35 cm long, 3-13 cm broad, 2.5-8 x as long as broad, broadest about the middle, more or less narrowed at the base, both sides ± equal, coriaceous. Base subtruncate to cuneate. Top mucronulate or with an acute or acuminate tip. Many prominent lateralnerve swit h5- 8 lessprominen tlatera lnerve sbetwee nthem ,nea rth e edge anastomosing in 2-3 marginal nervesan d withver ynumerou stransvers e sen­ der veinlets between them. Glabrous or sometimes below very sparsely

VUhpeatncle( 9- )1 3- 32 cmlong ,hal ft oon ean da hal ftime sa s longa s the petiole. Spathe3-7(-9 ) cmlong ,oblon go rlanceolate ,apiculate , ^ota^nanovg tubular, green.No t spreading atmaturity ,bu ta tth e topopened . Beforeanth e openinghalfwa y down,bu tno treflexe d(insect sma y haveacces st o the $ flowers) and closing tightly and entirely again after a fewhour s Spadix 5-8(-12) cmlong ,ver y shortly stiped or sessile,1.2-1. 5 x z longa theUc up(per part exserted, S ^^£2^^^ inflorescence almost twicea slon ga sthe ?part .Sometimelow e 6 or less abortive (abortive part up to * cmlong -The o ^Jrf synandrium. Stamens 5-6. Ovariesdepress ed- glo bos e gre.n , nop very short or the discoid pink stigma sessile.Seed ^^'Jt^No ivingseed s broad(1.3-1.7 x »**»^>ff^^^°Ll«« were observed.) Berries not observed. (Only oneirunni g F completely eaten berries seen: Thomas 2829.)

Distribution: Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone,Mali . * Wvnlaces sometimescompletel y submerged.

N„,.:, _no nowenrfa, D-S—L «« "C*"*^

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) FIG 1. Anubiasafzelii SCHOTT: 1. upper side leaf, jx ; 2. inflorescence, |x ; 3. synandrium, n '\ MUPP "Slf,e,s j;nand™m> 20x ; 5.anther , front view,2 0x ; 6.par t ofth erhizome ,f x. - (1-5. Morion&GledhillSL 1169, WAG; 6.J. V. 327,spiri t coll.WAG) .

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) i MJ**

~~"~™ ' „ i»f». u/ith sliehtly opened spatne; ngnr. «nii PHOT. 2. ,4m

atKantora,iSster^^ Se ga Senegal, 2nd ed.) records A. afzelu for f ^o(Mali)dense groupso fc a stream, onth ebank , inre dlatent *mud :^^. orest remnant. 1 mtal l specimens growing in the margin of a gallery

Specimens examined: SENEGAL: Kantora, Mt. Casamance(st. )El esse 75(P) . Ma chexaUer 12741 (P); Gu,NEA: Fouta Djaion (fl- Apr) Che.aUer ^^^.^^Dek^miim Diaguissa and Ditinn (buds,fr. ) Chevalier '&>»"'" Delesser, 17871 (G); R>v. Katendeg. a y Kindia S.(ft . May)Z> efe»er/ 77«*(G) ; Ben*Eo^97p ) Vimbo(fr.,fl.APr.)M^/^i(P). WMWOyin June)JD^0w^>«(P);Rotouma(fr.,fl.July)^ ' ? A/erferf. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) MAP 1. Anubiasafzelii.

MALI: Bamako (fl.) Chevalier44056 (P) ;ibid ,(fr. ) Chevalier44086 (P) . SIERRALEONE :s.loc . (fr.)Afzeliuss.n. (UPS, holotype;BM, isotype) ;nea rBatem a(fr . May)Barter s.n. Nigerexp. (K);Baiim a(Gbo) , (fl. May)Deighton5767(K.) ;s.loc . (st.) Don s.n. (BM); s.loc. (fl. Apr.) Johnson 732(K) ; No. 2River ,Peninsul a (fl. Apr.)Morton &Gledhill SL1169 (WAG);Bafodey a (fr. Apr.) Scott Elliot 5560 (K);Jigay a (fr. Sept.) Thomas 2829 (K). UNKNOWN LOCALITY: (fl.) Bogner 1298 (WAG); (st.) collector unknown (BM). CULTIVATED: Belgium,a tGen t (fl. Oct.)Boom 21163 (L); Denmark,a t Copenhagen (fl.)Jacobsen s.n. (WAG); Germany, at Munich (fl. Feb.) Bogner 1304 (WAG); Great Britain, at Kew(fr . May) Kew11-5-1912 (K) ; ibid,(fl. ) Kew entry nr. 64544(K) ; Netherlands,a tWageninge n (fl. Oct.) Crusio 19 (WAG); ibid. (fl. Oct.)J. V. 327 (WAG);ibid . (fl. May)/ . V. 512(WAG) ;ibid .(fl . June) De Wit s.n. (WAG); ibid. (fl. Sept.) De Wit 7788 (WAG).

2. Anubiasbarter i SCHOTT Figs.2 ,3 ,Phot . 1,3 ,4 , Maps 2-6

SCHOTT, 1860: 159; ENGLER, 1879: 435; 1893: 463; BROWN, 1901: 185; ENG- LER, 1915:5 ; HUTCHINSON & DALZIEL, 1936:365 ;HEPPER , 1968b: 120.

Type: Fernando Po, Barter2045 (K, holotype).

Rhizomecreeping ,prostrat e and rooting,0.2- 1 cm thick. Petiole upt o over\ mlong ,\-2\ x aslon ga sth eleaf-blade . Sheath short or upt of ofth elengt ho fth epetiole .Geniculu mu pt o 2c mlong ,sometime snearl y visible. Leaf-blade veryvariable , seebelow .Mor e or lesscoriaceous . \-A x aslon ga sth epetiole ,u p to over4 0c mlong .

° Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14 (1979) ± •A IMMX- 2.lowe r sideleaf , fx; 3. FIG. 2. Anubiasbarteri SCHOTT var. bartervA- ^ "f ^^.i, 20 x ; 6.synandrium side inflorescence, f x ; 4. inflorescence, f x ; 5.uppe r s.des y ^ ^ ^ R ^ /i0i, view,20x; 7.par t ofth e rhizome,f x.- (1• m* ' Cr«5w/0,spiri tcoll .WAG) , spirit coll. WAG; 3-6. Bogner 1303, spint coll.WAG , • ? Merferf. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Spathe l|-6 cm long, not fleshy, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, white,green ,yellowis h green or purple, spreading and reflexed when flowering, later closing again, 4-16 x as long as broad. Spadix cylindrical, slender,\-2 x aslon ga sth e spathe, \\-l cmlong ,$ part 1-6 x aslon ga sth e? part . Stamens4-6 .Thecae onth esid eo fth e synandrium, ovate or oblong-elliptic, $ and ? parts more or less densely flowered. Ovaries depressed globose.Stigm adiscoid ,(sub)sessil eo rnot .Ovarie san d stigmagreen . Berries depressed-globose. Seeds\ to up to 1m m long and 0.4-0.8 mm broad, 1.3-2.2 x aslon ga sbroad .Drie dseed sligh tyellow ;withou tan y other coloured spots.

Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Fernando Po, Ca­ meroon, , Congo.

Ec o 1 o g y :I nforest s onshad yplaces ,alon gwater-course si nsand , onrock so r on oldwood . Emersed ortemporaril y submerged. Up to 1600m . Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Note: Theleaf-blade s vary widelyi n sizean d shape.Althoug h intermediates are not rare,A. barterica n bemor e or lessarbitraril y divided into five varieties, which have to someexten t a different area of distribution and remain constant whencultivated . However,th edifference s betweenth etax a areo flo wtaxonomi - cal importance, and do not merit the rank of subspecies.

KEY TO THEVARIETIE S

la. Leaf-base sagittate,sinu srathe rwide .Midri ban d mainvein spalmat e (main veins directed downwards and passing into the lobes) c. var. caladiifolia lb. Leaf-base otherwise 2 2a. Leaf-blade upt o2 x aslon ga sbroad .I f2-2 ^ x aslon ga sbroad ,tha nleaf - base obtuse-truncate or more or less cordate 3 2b. Leaf-blade more than 2\ x as long as broad. If 2-2^ x as long as broad, than leaf-base cuneate-obtuse . 4 3a. Leaf-blade up to 6c m long and 3c m broad. Petiole up to 5c m long. Leaf- blade longer than the petiole e. var.nan a 3b. Leaf-blade longer than 7 cm, 4-11 cm broad. Petiole more than 6c m long. Mostly leaf-blade shorter than the petiole a. var.barter i 4a. Leaf-blade more than 5 x as long as broad, up to 3| cm broad . . . • • b.var .angustifoli a 4b. Leaf-blade lesstha n 5 x aslon g as broad, usually broader than 3^c m . . d. var.glabr a Note: For acorrec t determination adult leaves are necessary.

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) A 1a f 2 x • 2 var. glabraN .

E. BROWN, upper side leaf, fx; 3 var. ««(^^B; 2. Bogner1302.W AG. 3. angustifolia (ENGLER) CRUSIO,uppe rsidesteal, , • Bog«er 1295, WAG; 4. 5og«er /J05, WAU). j, A/erferf. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) a. var.barter i Fig. 2,Ma p2 .

Petiolealmos t equallingt ou pt o 1^ x aslon ga sth eleaf-blade , 6-23 cmlong . Leaf-bladeovate-lanceolate , acuminate-acute, sometimesapiculate , 7-23 cm long,4-1 1c mbroad ,u pt oalmos t2\ x as longa s broad,usuall yles stha n 2 x as long as broad, widest below the middle, glabrous or puberulous below, base truncate or more or lesscordate . Many prominent lateral nerves, with 3-6 less prominent lateralnerve sbetwee nthem ,whic hsometime sunit ebefor e theyreac h the margin. At the edge anastomosing in 2-3 marginal nerves and with many slender, transverse veinlets between them. Peduncle slightly longer or up to 4x as long as the petiole, up to 30c m long. Spadix equalling oru pt o 1^x aslon ga sth espathe .S part 1.0-1.7 x aslon g asth e ? part.

Distribution: S. E. Nigeria, Cameroon, Fernando Po.

Specimens examined: SE NIGERIA: Prov. Ogoja, Distr. Ikom, Loc.Britis h Obokum (fr. May)FHI18880 (K); Calabar Province, Oban Forest Reserve, Orem(fl . Jan.) FHI 36037(K) . CAMEROON:Env .o fLolodorf ,Bikelegi(fl.)^n«e?47P(P) ;Batanga(fl. , fr.)Bates 289 (BM) ; Efulen (fl. July) Bates289 (K);2 0k m SEo f Mt. Elephant, 20k m SE ofKrib i (fr. Aug.) Bos 7251 (WAG); Moliki (fr. Nov.) Jacques-Felix 2510(P) ; km 30 Kumba-Victoria Road, S of Bombe (fr. Nov.) Leeuwenberg 10615 (WAG); between Fenda (60 km ESE of Kribi) and Kienke River (fl., fr.) Letouzey 4120 (P);Youngue , closet o Ndom, 40k m So f Ndikimeki (st. Dec.) Letouzey 10732 (P); Kopongo-Ngambe Rd., 15 kmNN E of Edea (fl., fr. Jan.) Letouzey 11034(BR , K, P);clos et o the falls of Songlanon, 25 km SW of Ngambe (st. Jan.) Letouzey 11101(P) ; between Babong and Ogurong, 45 km SW of Mamfe (fr.) Letouzey 13581 (P); South Cameroon, 7.05 N, 3.46 E (st.) Mildbraed5725(HBG ;partly : see alsovar . glabra);Sout h Cameroon,7.2 7N ,3.4 7E (fl. )Mildbraed

10 0 MAP 2. Anubias barterivar . barteri 12 593Ibis (HBG; partly: see also var. glabra); Kumba river, NE of Barombi (fr.) Preuss 559 (K); Southern Cameroon,Barombi-Kang ,Kumb as.l .(fr .June )SCA 40 (E); Lolodorf(fr. ) Staudt354 (S ; partly:se eals ovar .caladiifolia) ;c a4 0 km So fBadjob ,c a5 0 km ofEsek a(fl .Dec. ) De Wildec.s. 1555 (WAG; partly: see also var. glabra); Bipinde, Mimfia (fr.) Zenker s.n. (S,P) ;Bipind e(fl. ) Zenker 2853bis (M; partly: seeals ovar . glabra). FERNANDO PO: S.loc . (fl.) Barter 2045 (K,holotype) . UNKNOWN LOCALITY: (fl.) Bogner 1301 (WAG);(fl. ) Bogner 1303 (WAG). CULTIVATED: Netherlands, at Wageningen (fl. Apr.) Crush 1 (WAG; cultivated from Bogner 1303);ibid . (fl. Sept.) Crusio 10 (WAG);ibid . (fl. June)J.V. 569 (WAG).

b. var.angustifoli a (ENGLER) CRUSIO, stat.et comb. nov. Fig.3 ,Phot .1,3 , Map3

Homotypic synonym: A. lanceolata f. angustifolia ENGLER, 1915: 4.

Type: Cameroon, Dusen s.n.(S , neotype).

Petioleio r up to nearly aslon g asth eleaf-blade , 4-32c mlong . Leaf-bladenarrowl y oblong-lanceolateo rnarrowl yoblong-ellipti c 5-y x as long as broad, up to 3J cm broad, 8-18 cm long, widest about the middle glabrous, obtuse or acute-apiculate, numerous more or less prominent lateral nerves,wit h sometimes 1o r 2les sprominen tlatera lnerve sbetwee n hem which anastomose before the margin. Lateralnerve sanastomosin gi n 2.

MAP 3. AnubLarteri var. angustifolia(als o found in Cameroon,, loc.). 13 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) PHOT. 3. Anubiasbarteri SCHOTT var. angusti- folia (ENGLER) CRUSIO — Inflorescence. Phot. H. C. D. DE WIT, calidario WAG, 3.V.1978. - (Crush 8,WAG) .

Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Cameroon.

Notes: 1. The two syntypes on which ENGLER based his description of A. lanceolata forma angustifolia {Dusen 87 and Schlechter 12412,bot h from Ca­ meroon) were most probably destroyed at Bdurin g the war. A neotype is here designated. 2. ENGLER (1915: 4) described this variety as a forma of A. lanceolata N. E. BROWN. This speciesi sher e reduced to a variety of A. barteri (see var.glabra), whileth eform a angustifoliai sals ogive nvarieta lstatu si nA. barteri.Cultivate d specimensprove d to beconstan t as to the shape and size of leaves.

Specimens examined:

Mfr^v^11^^^^111" (bU,d> fl' Mar) Chemlier 12769

;Mt - Nzo> P^s desGuerze s (bud

(fl Par0 Je69 P S lTC fl S(P) ° " ( >' - -( Apr.)^e//7/i9(P);Mt.NimbUt.June)5c/,«,// L.BERIA:Nimb aexpeditio n (st., drawingo finfl. )Adam 20296 (K ,UPS) ;ibid .(st „bu dMar. ) Adam 14 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) 21071(K , UPS); Jekepa, Nimba, Jiti River (fl.May ) Adam27701 (BR, WAG); Jekepa, Nimba- Gangra (fr. May) Adam 27706(BR) . IVORY COAST: Pays des Dyolas: Pied desMont s Nouba: Env. des sources duNuo n (fr. Apr.) Chevalier 21114 (?). CAMEROON: s.loc.(fl. )Bogner 1309 (WAG); s. loc.(fl . Nov.) Dusen s.n. (S,neotype) . CULTIVATED: Germany, at Munich (fl. Feb.) Bogner 1305 (WAG); ibid, (bud) Kress s.n. (M); Netherlands, atWageninge n (fl. May) Crusio 8(WAG) .

c. var.caladiifoli a ENGLER Fig.3 ,Phot .4 ,Ma p 4

ENGLER, 1915: 5.

Type: Bipinde, Cameroon, Zenker 3343(B ,lectotype ; isotypes BM, BR, COI, E,G ,K ,L ,M , P, S,Z) .

Petioleequallin g or upt oove rtwic ea slon ga sth eleaf-blade , 10-54c m long. Leaf-blade ovate-elliptic, acute oracuminate , notapiculate , 10-23c mlong , 5-14 cm broad, l£-2£ x aslon g aswide ,puberulou s or glabrous below,bas e sagittate,belo wo rabou t themiddl ewidest .Man yprominen tlatera lnerves ,wit h 1-4 lessprominen t lateral nervesbetwee n them, sometimesunitin gbefor e they reachth emargin , atth eedg eanastomosin gi n2- 3 marginalnerves .On eo fthes e sometimes conspicuous at some distance from the margin. Between the lateral nerves numerous slender, transverse veinlets. Peduncleslightl y longer oralmos t twicea slon ga sth epetiole , 13-40c mlong .

—inflorescence . Phot. J. W. MUGGE, PHOT. 4. SCHOTT var. caladiifolia ENGLER calidario WAG, 21.XI.1978.- (J.V. 333, WAG). 15 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Spadixequallin g or up to over \\ x aslon ga sth e spathe.<$ part l\-2\ x as long as the? part.

Distribution: SENigeria , Cameroon, Fernando Po.

JO _0 JO _20_

10 0 MAP 4. Anubias barterivar . caladiifolia

Specimens examined: CAMEROON: Env.o f Lolodorf (fr. June) Annet 241 (P); Bipindi (fl. June) Annet 369(P) ; just Eo f Kribi, tributary of Kienke River (fr. Dec.) Bos 5748 (WAG; partly: see also var. glabra); Div. Victoria, Loc.Victori a (fr. Mar.) Brenan 9257 (B); Route des Mbos (fl. Mar.) CNAD 659(K , P); Prefecture Buea,Loc . Ekoma(st . Mar.) CNAD 1859 (K,WAG) ; s. loc. (fl.)Deistel 129 (B, M); 10 km SSW of Zingui (fr. Mar.) Letouzey9093 (P); Nkol Tsia hill, 18k m NW Bipindi, near Gonap (fl.) Letouzey 12741 (P);Amba sBa y(fl. ) MannXV (K, syntypeo fvar .glabra) ;Rumb a (fr. Jan.)Paysan s.n. (WAG);Lolodor f(fr. ) Staudt354 (COI;partly :se eals ovar . barteri);Victori a(fl .May ) Winkler 19b (Z); S ofN'kongsamb a(fr. ) De Wit 8039(WAG) ;s .loc .(st. ) Zenker s.n. (BM);ibid ,(fl. ) Zenker s.n. (P);Mimfi a (st.) Zenkers.n. (BR);Bipind e(fl. )Zenker 90Ibis (G , P;partly :se eals ovar .glabra) ; ibid,(fr. ) Zenker2853 (Z; partly:se eals ovar .glabra); ibid,(fl. , fr. July)Zenker 3343 (B,lectotype ; isotypesBM ,BR , COI, E,G , K, L,M ,P ,S ,Z) ;ibid , (fr.) Zenker 4589 (E,G , K, LE, iso-syntypes). NIGERIA: Ogoja, Ikom (st. May) FHI18880 (S;partly : seeals ovar .barteri) FERNANDO PO: S.loc .(Minola? ) (fr. Mar.) Guinea 1441 (K) m^fVu-rfD;„NetherlandS' at WaSeningen («• Sept.) Crush 14(WAG) ; ibid. (fl. Sept.) J.V. 322 (WAG); ibid.(fl . Nov.) J.V. 333 (WAG). d. var.glabr aN . E. BROWN Fig. 3,Ma p 5

BROWN, 1901:185 ; HEPPER, 1968b:120 .

Type: Cameroon, Preuss 422(K ,lectotype) . 16 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14 (1979) Heterotypic synonyms: A. lanceolataN. E. BROWN, 1901: 183;ENGLER, 1915:4;HUTCHINSON&DALZIEL,1936:366;HEPPER, 1968b:120 .Type:Nigeria , Holland167 (K , lectotype). A. minima CHEVALIER, 1909: 134; HUTCHINSON& DALZIEL, 1936:366 ; HEP- PER, 1968b: 120.Type : Ivory Coast, Chevalier 19649 (P, lectotype).

Petiole\- \\ x as long asth e leaf-blade, 3-35 cmlong . Leaf-blade flat or undulate, lanceolate, ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic;ob ­ tuse,acut eo racuminate ,sometime sapiculate ,glabrou so rpuberulou sbelow ,6 - 21 cm long, l£-9 cm broad, 2 to over 4 x as long as broad, base cordate, truncate or narrowly cuneate. Widest about or below the middle. Many pro­ minent lateral nerves, with 2-6 less prominent lateral nerves between them, whichunit emostl ybefor e theyreac hth emargin .Latera lnerve sanastomosin gi n 2-3 marginal nerves when they reach the margin. Many slender transverse veinlets between the lateral nerves. Peduncleca . \ to twice aslon g asth e petiole,6-4 3 cmlong . Spadix nearlyequallin gt otwic ea slon ga sth espathe ,$ par t2^- 4 x aslon ga s the $ part. Distribution:Guinea,Liberia,IvoryCoast,Nigeria, Cameroon,Fernand o Po, Gabon, Congo. here Notes: 1. BROWNbase d hisdescriptio n onthre especimens : ^^[ designated as the lectotype), MannX Fan d Preuss 1223. M™F»W™* but does not match the original description ofva n^ " "^J^Jow- the leaf. It isher e assigned to var. caladiifolia. Preuss 1223 wasn * s^How ever, the keeper of B informed me that the .f^.^^^L^d- 'Schaupreparat' of A. afzelnSCHOTT . These^^^"^^fS mens occur frequently, as appeared from the herbarium ^^^ mayb epresume d that thethir d syntype,Preuss 1223, ^f^Tallnceolata. It

2 Inth esam epublicatio n BROWN(1901)als o

Specimens examined: GUINEA: Conakry (fl., fr. June) Alleizette 7810 (L). LIBERIA:E Province, Webodistr.,Mnanulu(st.June) Baldwin6026(K);E Province,Webodistr. , Nyaake (Webo) (st.June ) Baldwin 6118(K) . IVORY COAST: Between Gabo and Fete (fr. May) Ake Assi 7861(K) ; Pays des Tepo, village de Graboe tenv .(fl. ) Chevalier19649 (P,lectotyp eo fA. minima); ibid,(st. ) Chevalier19746 (P , syntype of A.minima). NIGERIA: Oban district, cut line W of mile 51 (fr. Mar.) Coombe 168(B , BR, K); Prov. Ogoja, Distr. Ikorn,Loc .Cros sRiver , Mfum, ferry onIkom-Mamf e rd.(fl. ) FHI28315 (K);Prov . Calabar, Orem, 66 ml. on Calabar-Mamfe Rd., S boundary of Orem enclave (fl. Jan.) FHI 36037 (BR); Calabar, between Akor and Orem, Oban Forest Res. (fl.) FHI 36091 (K); Calabar, Distr. Orem, Oban Forest Res. SNR4 (fl. )FHI45823 (K , WAG);N Wo fIkur u(fl . Jan.)Holland 167 (K ,lectotyp e of A. lanceolata);Prov. Ogoja, Loc.Obud u Cattle Ranch, south at cataract ravine(fl .Apr. )Medler 811(K) ; Oban distr. (fl.) Talbot s.n. (K); Oban (fl.) Talbot768 (K) . CAMEROON: Reg.d e Doume (fr. July) Alleizette 7810(L) ; region Lolodorf, Mt. Ngowayang (fr. June) Annet 203(P) ; Bipindi (fr. June) Annet 389 (P); 14mile s from Victoria in the direction of

10 0 10 20 30 MAP 5. Anubiasbarteri var . glabra. 18 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14 (1979) Nigeria(fr . Jan.)P. Beck s.n. (WAG);Dept .Odean ,Nko'olon g( = Nkoelon)(fr. ) Bililong& Bullock 107a (K); 5^k m S ofKrib i(fl. )Bos 3121 (WAG);8 k mfro mKrib i(fl. ,fr .Nov. )Bos 3397 (WAG) ; 19 kmfro m Kribi, ± 5k mN o fLolodor f (fl. Feb.)Bos 3899 (WAG) ;1 8k m fromKrib i(fl. , fr.Mar. ) Bos 4152 (WAG); ibid.(fr . Mar.) Bos 4153 (WAG);tributar y ofKienk e R., justE o fKrib i(fl. ,fr .Apr. ) Bos4281 (WAG);jus t E ofKribi ,tributar y ofKienk eR .(bud ,fl .Sept. ) Bos 5400(WAG) ;ibid .(fr . Dec.) Bos 5748bis(WAG ;partly :se eals ovar . caladiifolia);abou t 60 km N ofKrib i(fl. ,fr . Feb.) Bos 6349(WAG) ; s.loc . (st.)Braun s.n. (M);Lolodorf , Mt. Minn(fl .Nov. )Jacques-Felix 9170 (P); Rio del Rey (fl. June) Johnson s.n. (K, syntypeo f A. lanceolata); Bibundi(fr . Mar.)Jungner 48 (S); Mt. Kamerunensis, Isowi (fl., fr. Nov.) Jungner143 (S, UPS); between Bipundi and Isowi (fr. Jan.) Jungner 143 (UPS);clos et oKienk eR. ,NN W ofNkolbaw a (fl. Mar.)Letouzey 8986 (P); nearBodi , 20 kmS WEsek a(bud ,fr . Dec.)Letouzey 12505 (P); Victoria(fr. ) Ludwigs36 (M); Ekuk,2 0 km E of Ebolowa (st.) Mildbraed5725 (HBG; partly: seeals o var. barter!); Fenda, 58k m Eo f Kribi (fl.) Mildbraed5931 (HBG;partly : seeals ovar .barter!) ; Barombi(fl .Aug. )Preuss 422 (K, lectotypeo f var.glabra) ; s.loc .(fl. ) Preuss465 (M, withdesignatio nA.puberula ENGLER,nome nnudum) ; 43k m 5 ofbridg e onth e road connectingKrib i andEde a(fl .Jan. )Purzl 771 (B); Assok,6 5 kmES E Knbi (fl. Mar.) Raynal10379 (P); betweenEde aan dKrib i(fr. ) Sanford5719(K);ca . 40 km So fBadjo b ca 50k m SW of Eseka (fr. Dec.) De Wilde c.s. 1555bis(K ,WAG ,Z ;partly :se eals ova r.barteri);Ml facing thevillag e ofN'kolando m (fr. Oct.) De Wilde 7658(WAG) ;S . ofN'kongsamb a(si: . Dec.) De Wit 8282(WAG) ;Bipind e(fl. ,fr. )Zenker 901 (E,K ,L ,LE ,M , P); ibid,(fr. )Zenker 285 3 (BR , E, G, K, L,S ,Z ;partly : seeals ovar .caladiifolia; designateda sA. lanceolata™. cordata ENGLER,nome n nudum). FERNANDO Po: s. loc. (fr. Dec.) Mann 104 (K). GABON:Sibang(f,)i4-^(K);MWoum(^ 689(K , M,WAG) ; 42k m SEo fLambaren e(bu d Sept.)BretekrSmfWAG), LanoR.,Mont ,d e CrisUl5kmSEofAsok(fr.Aug.)*retefc^ MbeRiver(fl.,fr,Aug.)^/er*ZW^^ Cristal,chut ed eKinguel e(fr . Jan.)Halle& Villiers 4433 (P); ^^^^^i"fA 6 Villiers 4491 (P);ibid. , Nkam (fr. Feb.) Halle & Villiers 4841 (P);Mont sd eCr.sta l(fr. ) Halle Villiers 5218(P) ;env . of Libreville (fr. Nov.) Klaine 2008(BR ,P) .

CONGO: Fl . Ogooue (fr. July) Thollon 856 (P). . A > B ner 920 UNKNOWN LOCALITY: (fl., fr.) Anonymus s.n. (BM);y. acommerc.a ldeale r(fl . Aug) (M); (fl.) Bogner 1302 (WAG) (fr.) ^J'^%. Netherlands, at Wageningen (fl.Aug. ) CULTIVATED: Germany, at Munich (fl.) Bogner s.n (K), r^ei mWAG); Denmark,a t Crusio7 (WAG) ;ibid . (fl. Aug.) Crusio 9(WAG ) .tad. f^^^ Copenhagen (fl.) N. Jacobsen s.n. (WAG);ibid ,(fl. ) N. Jacobsen 3059 (WAG).

. Fig. 3, Map 6 e. var.nan a(ENGLER ) CRUSIO,stat. et comb. nov. A „„ PMPIFR 1899- 423; BROWN, 1901: 186; Homotypic synonym: A. nana ENGLER 1»5«'. > m ENGLER, 1915: 4; HUTCHINSON& DALZIEL, 1936. 366, HEP

Type: Locality unknown, Bogner 1295 (WAG;neotype) .

Petiole somewhat more than half as long«J^ 1^ Zm^™*™ Leaf-bladeovate-elliptic ,acuminate-acute,ap i ^^^ ^ ^ wid^ mostly cmbroad , glabrous,bas eobtuse-truncat e at • ^ ^^ Many more or somewhatles stha n 2 x aslon ga swide ,wides t ^^ ^ margin) at the less prominent lateral nerves,whic h "^^ wUh many slender, transverse edge anastomosing in 2-3 marginal ne veinlets between them. 19 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Peduncle 2-4 x as long as the petiole, up to 16c m long. Spadix ± aslon g as the spathe. $par t somewhat shorter than the S part.

Distribution: Cameroon: Victoria.

Notes: 1.ENGLE Rbase d hisdescriptio n oncultivate d specimens, which were collected by LEHMBACHa t Victoria, Cameroon. HUTCHINSON & DALZIEL(1936 ) state that they have seen a conserved specimen, which should be the type. However, nosuc hspecime ncoul db etrace d andi tma yb eassumed ,tha t thetyp e specimen of A. nana(i f any) was destroyed during the war. After the original collection, A. nana was only twice again collected in a natural growing station: by WINKLERi n 1904a t Muca (= ?Muyuka) , Cameroon, and by PURZL in 1972 who secured one sterile specimen at the type locality. A color-slide of a spathe (not present on the herbarium sheet) was added. Furthermore J. BOGNER, Mu­ nich,provide d mewit hsom eexcellentl ypreserve d flowering specimens,fro m an unknown locality{Bogner 1295 and 1297),togethe r with livingmaterial . Bogner 1295 is here assigned as neotype. 2. Already in 1915, ENGLER suggested that A. nanamigh t be merely a small form of A. barteri. The study of the material at my disposal (which fully agrees withth edescriptio n ofA. nana)prove d tom etha t thisopinio n iscorrect .A. nana however can be maintained as a variety in A. barteri. 3. See also note 4. sub var.glabra.

Specimens examined: CAMEROON:N ofVictoria , in a brook flowing from Mt. Cameroon (st, fl.? Nov.) Purzl 741 (B); Muca (fl. July) Winkler 231 (Z). UNKNOWN LOCALITY:(fl. ) Bogner 1295 (WAG, neotype); (fl.) Bogner1297 (WAG).

10 0 10 20 30 MAP 6. Anubiasbarteri var .nana.

20 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) CULTIVATED: Netherlands, at Wageningen (fl. Sept.) Crush16 (WAG, cultivated specimen of Bogner1295, neotype); ibid. (fl. Aug.) Crush17 (WAG ,cultivate d specimen ofBogner 7297); ibid, (fl. Oct.) Crush 18 (WAG, plant received from MOHLMANN, GFR, as coming from Cameroon: Kumba); ibid. (fl. Sept.) J.V. 315 (WAG); ibid. (fl. June) J.V.568 (WAG).

3. Anubias gigantea CHEVALIERe x HUTCHINSON Fig.4 ,Phot .5 ,Ma p 7

CHEVALIER, 1920: 683 (nomen tantum); HUTCHINSON& DALZIEL , 1936: 366 (nomennudum) ; HUTCHINSON, 1939:246;HEPPER , 1968a:456 ; HEPPER,1968b : 120.

Type: Guinea, Chevalier 20857(P, holotype).

Heterotypic synonyms: A. giganteaCHEVALIE Rvar .tripartita CHEVAUW, 1920:68 3(nome n nudum).Type :Guinea , Chevalier20858 ;Ivor yCoast , Cheva- Her 21606(bot h P; no lectotype chosen). A. hastifoliavzv. robustaEnaim, 1915:9; HEPPER, 1968a:456 .Type : Careys- burg, Liberia, Dinklage 2454 (B,holotype) . Rhizome creeping, prostrate and rooting, 1-3 cmthic L ^J^lTto^ Petiole slightly shorter than oru pt o1\ x^^^f^ ' P cm long. Sheath short or up to the middle.Geniculu m -2jcrnlong. Leaf-blade hastately lobed sometimesnearl y ^^^^Z lanceolate, 13-30 cm long, 5-14 cm broad, 2-4 x a> long as , belowthemiddle,glabrousbe^ cmbroad . Manyprominen tlatera lnerves ,wit h2- 4le si prom i betweenthem ,whichsometime sunit ebefor e « ing in 2-3 marginal nerves and with numerous slender, transver between them. ,„ ]ml(I Pedunclea little shorter than the petiole^14^0™'°ng. ^ Spathe 3i-8 cm long, oblong,^^^^Z^ ^ and the top open. Before anthesis opening halfway^down- closing tightly and entirely again after afe w ho^ bho 5_10 mm Spadix a little longer than the spathe u to9 cm to g,^ ^^ flowered thick, Stamens4-6(8) . Lower^flowers sometunw^ ^ 8^ ^^^^^ lhec subsessile or on a short contracted style. f. depressed-globose. Dried oblong, opening with a longitudinal fissure^erne^ j^ Q^^ mm broadi s ots seed yellow, with many brownish P ''f ly once observed,Adams 4551, B) . 1.3-2 xa slon ga sbroad .(Seed san dberrie sonl y T ihpHa Ivory Coast,Togo . Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Libena, y

• t thebank s ofriver so ri nth eriverbed . Mostlyo n Ecology: Semi-aquatic, at the banks oi rocky places. Flowering from February-April. ^

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) t £°: Vde^f'T ^T'f ,CX HUTCHI™ !• ^wer side"leaf , *x ; 2. inflorescence, ~dri,l f ^' aCkSldeleaf'enlarged; 4.uppe rsid esynandrium , 16x ; S.partofa synandnum, sideview , 16x. - (1-5. flos 79/4, WAG). 22 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) HOT. 5. Anubias gigantea CHEVI^T^NSON _ Inflorescence (right: with spathe cut open). Phot. N. JACOBSEN, calidario C, 1978. - (Jacobs* 3058, WAG).

frfcartifa' in A g/go«tefl, which seemsth e correct decision. 2. In 1915, ENGLER described A. hastifohayu. ^^^ZB^LBCB 2454fro m Liberia. Strangelyenough ,thi sspecimen^no t —_^ ^ description, being much smaller than ^d'catea ^ ^^ jn ^^ undoubtedly belongs in ^. gigantea,an d X «o«/ svnonymy of A.gigantea HEPPER'S reduction of A. hastifoliavar . rotow toth esynon y y

(1968a: 456) iswarranted . , which jt differs merely e, 3. ^. giganteai sver y closely related toA. f ">* ,ess difTerent from A. by the shape of the leaf-blade. Other charactersm o hofthepetj0ieand afielii are: petiole/leaf-blade ratiocolou ro fth estig m , ^ &^. ^ QU the spadix/spathe ratio.I t ispossible ,tha t A.gig d both taxa are ajfc/ff. However, asn ointermediar y specimenswer eobserv e ^

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79^14(1979) MAP 7. Anubiasgigantea. very constant with regard to the shape of the leaf-blade, it seems preferable to maintain the twospecies . 4. It wasonc ereporte d {Adams 4551) that theinflorescenc e wassmellin glik e fresh fish.

Specimens examined: GUINEA:Ziam a(st . Febr.)Adam 3580 (P) ; Nionsomoridou,clos et oBeyl a(fl. ) Chevalier20857 (P , holotype); between Diendedou and Nionsomoridou (fr. Feb.) Chevalier 20858 (P, 'syntype' of var. tripartita). SIERRA LEONE: Mano (fl.) Deighton 3373 (K,P) ;Kondumbai a N.P. (fl. Mar.) Morton & Gledhill SL 1024 (K,WAG) . LIBERIA: Gol aNat . Forest,N Eo fBom iHill s(fl . Apr.)Bos 1914 (K,WAG) ;halfwa y Peterstown- Rebbo(fl .Nov. )Bunting 94 (BM); Monrovia, Careysburg(fl .Feb. )Dinklage 2454 (B, holotypeo f A. hastifoliavar . robustaENGLER ); Bail ab ySt . John R.(fl .Feb. )Harley 1478 (K) ; Bensonville(fl . Mar.) Jansen1577 (WAG). IVOR YCOAS T: Troy a (st. Feb.)Ake Assi 6925 (K) ; MontTonkoui ,Gbepleu (fl .Feb. )Ake Assi7366 (BR, K); entre Dabou et Becedi (st. Mar.) Ake Assi 8529(G) ; Ht. Sassandra, Pays Coura, entre Sanrou et Ouode (st.) Chevalier21606 (P ,'syntype ' of var.tripartita). TOGO: Dutukfene (fl., fr. Dec.) Adams 4551 (B,BR , P). CULTIVATED: Denmark, at Copenhagen (fl.) TV. Jacobsen 3058(WAG) ; Netherlands at Wage- ningen (fl. May)J. V. 520 (WAG).

4. Anubias gilletii DE WILDEMANe t DURAND Fig. 5,Phot .6 ,Ma p8

DE WILDEMAN & DURAND, 1901: 845; DE WILDEMAN, 1903: 13; ENGLER, 1915:8.

Type: Kimuenza, Zaire, Gillet1696 (BR, holotype).

24 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14 (1979) 4- • f'ix- 2 upper side leaf,

and C™W,,piril coll. WAO; 2. CM«'«• »"• ' 25 Me

Specimens examined: NIGERIA: Shasha Forest Reserve, Prov. Ijebu (fl.) Ross 121 (BM); Eket district (fl.) Talbot 3168 (BM). CAMEROON: s .loc .(fl. ) Bogner 1320 (WAG); 8 km S ofKrib i (fl. May) Bos 4588(WAG) ; SE slope of Mt. Elephant (fl. Nov.) Bos5667 (WAG); 28k m ENE Eta (bud, fl. Feb.) Letouzey 11972 (P). GABON: Booue (fl., fr. Nov.) Bogner720 (K, M, WAG); ±30 km SW Makokou (fl. Oct.) Halle 2709 (P). CONGO: Route Mutamba-Kimpanzou (fr.) Descoings6210 (P); Env. of Brazzaville, between N'fonkama and Moutamba (fl. Nov.) Sita 1945 (P). ZAIRE: Befale, riv.Ifal e(bud ,fr . Dec.) Eward3139(BR , K);Kimuenz a(fl . Oct.-Nov.) Gillet 1696 (BR, holotype); Binga cave (fl. June) Jans499 (BR); Nsemakoo (fl. Mar.) Jans 1004 (BR). UNKNOWN LOCALITY: Afric a (fl.June ) Bogner54 (K);W .Afric a (fl.) Bogner 453 (M); (fl.) Bogner 1296 (WAG). CULTIVATED: Germany, at Munich (fl.) Bogner 3a (K); Netherlands, at Wageningen (fl. May & Sept.) Crush 4(WAG) ;ibid .(fl .May ) Crush 6 (WAG,cultivate d plantsfro m Bogner1296) ; ibid.(fl . Aug.)7.K. 307 (WAG).

5. Anubiasgracili s CHEVALIERe x HUTCHINSON Fig. 6,Ma p9

CHEVALIER, 1920: 683(nome n tantum); HUTCHINSON& DALZIEL, 1936: 366 (nomen nudum); HUTCHINSON, 1939:246 ; HEPPER, 1968b: 120.

Type: Guinea, Chevalier 20800 (P, holotype).

Petiole up to 33 cm long, \\-2\ x as long as the leaf-blade, very short sheathed. Geniculum 1-1^c m long, glabrous. Leaf-blade 7-12c mlong , ±4-1 0 cmbroa d at thebase ,glabrous , coriaceous, slightly hastate-trilobate, the outline of the leaf-blade triangular, lobes ±7 cm long, 2-3 cmwide ,ape x obtuse. Length of the blade ± equal to its width at the base.Numerou s prominent lateral nerveswit h 2-3 lessprominen t lateral nerves between them, at the margin anastomosing in 2 or 3 marginal nerves. Many slender transverse veinlets between them. Peduncle 8-15 cmlong , ±|as long as the petiole. Spathe 1^-3 cm long, oblong or oblong-elliptic, apiculate. Colour unknown. Spadix a little shorter than or equalling the spathe, up to 3c m long, densely flowered. Stamens (6)7-8(9). Thecae on the side of the synandrium. Ovaries depressed-globose with many whitish spots. Stigma discoid, subsessile. $ part ±4 x as long as the $ part.

^° Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) * i%; 2.uppe r sideleaf , ^ " H—ON: 1. .ower side>ea f i * ; *££^ FIG. 6. /4n«6 bias gracilisCHEVALIE R ex HUTCHINSON_ drium,14x; 6-f™? p. 2

Ecology: Growing in wet places, sometimes in river beds. Flowering from February to May.

Notes: 1. A. graciliswa s named by CHEVALIER (1920: 683) without a de­ scription. This was provided by HUTCHINSON, 1939: 246, who described this species according to the Code. 2. A. gracilisi sver y imperfectly known. Ihav e seenonl y 6collection s (3 from Guinea, 3fro m Sierra Leone),an d some of these weresterile .Th e variability of thisspecie si sinsufficientl y known. Iti sals ounknow n whether the spathe opens when flowering, or remains closed (like in A. afzelii and A. gigantea). Some specimens suggest that the spathe remains closed, only opening at the top, but Jacques-Felix1561 shows an opened spathe with a somewhat exserted spadix. This may be an artefact, due to the drying-process. A. gracilis seems to be narrowly allied to A. giganteaan d perhaps it ismerel y a variety of this species. The large number of stamens (Jacques-Felix 1561)is , however, an important characteristic. The remnants of the spadix of the type suggest the same number. Nevertheless, this high number of stamens is occasionally also counted in A. gigantea.A. gracilis, then, isdistinguishe d from A. giganteaan d A. afzeliib y its small spathe,hig h number ofstamen s and the shape ofth eleaf . From A. barteri and A. heterophylla it is distinguished only by the number of stamens and the leaf-shape.

Specimens examined: GUINEA: Pays des Koniankes: Fassakoi'dou (bud) Chevalier 20800 (P, holotype); Zou- 30

10 20 30 MAP 9. Anubiasgracilis.

30 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) bouzoumaye (bud May)Jacques-Felix 906 (P); env.o fMacent a(fl . Mar.) Jacques-Felix 1561(P) . SIERRALEON E: Regio nde s sourcesd uNiger :Sourado u(st . Jan.) Chevalier20578 (P) ;betwee nJifi n and Bandakarafaia (st. Apr.) Deighton 5066 (K);Ting iMountains , NKon o(bu dApr. )Morton & Gledhill SL 1929 (WAG).

6. Anubias hastifolia ENGLER Fi8-7' MaP ,0

ENGLER, 1889: 149 (nomen tantum, 'A. hastaefolid); ENGLER, 1893: 462; BROWN, 1901:185; DEWILDEMAN, 1903: 13;ENGLER, 1915:9(excl.var.ra^« = A. gigantea CHEV.e x HUTCH.).

Homotypic synonym: Amauriellahastifolia (ENGLER) HEPPER, 1968a: 454;HEPPER, 1968b: 120.

Type: Gross-Batanga, Cameroon, Braun 6(B , holotype).

Heterotypic synonyms: Anubias hastifolia^. sub^ENM 1893:

463; BROWN, 1901: 186;ENGLER, 1915:9.Type :AttheJego ,Togo , Klmg36(B, holotype; probably destroyed in the war). m.FNGLER m5:l\Amau- A.auriculataENGLER, 1899:423;BROWN, 1901.184,ENGLER 1*13. , riella auriculata (ENGLER) HEPPER, 1968a: 454. Type: Batanga, Cameroon,

Dinklage986 (B ,lectotype , isotype HBG) Env of A. haullevilleana DE WILDEMAN, 1903: 13; ENGLER, ma. yv

Kisantu, Zaire, Gillet 1993 (BR, holotype). 7/ iiW ^. laurentiiDEWILDEMAN , 1910:169.Type : Env.ofKisantu ,Za. r (BR, lectotype). HS-FNGLER 1915: 1;LEMEE,1929:188 ; AmauriellaobanensisRENDLE, 1913:II^NOU, , isotype;

HEPPER, 1968a: 454. Type: Oban-district Nigeria Tdt^£^1913:pl. holotype probably destroyed in the war).Amaunella talbotu REND 16; in error. * •• i_U cmthick ,ti pdensel yleaved . iM/zomecreeping , prostrate and rooting, 2 2 ^ leaf-blade. Sheathing Periofe 9-67 cm long, equalling to 2 x asio g narrowed, for i-x of its length, sheath at the base wde,u£* ^ glabrous or puberulous. Geniculum 0.8-2.Ucmiu * ^ broadly ovate. Leaf-blade varying from (sub)hastate (nearlyirp G,abrous or belowo n oblong-lanceolate witha shor tcordat eo rauncuia w • ^ ^ ,anceolate or uberu ou the midrib and lateral nerves minutely P ' , l0_33 cm long, 3-14c m elliptic to obovate-elliptic; 2-4 x as long as bro4 ^ Laterallobes wide,shor t acute or acuminate,wides t ato rjus :o ^ % ^ ,ong and g smaller than the median lobe, obtuse, sometimesac u v ^ prominent cm broad. Numerous prominent lateral nerves' ^ ^y slendertransvers e lateral nervesbetwee n them.Betwee nth elater e ^ nerves. 31 veinlets. Lateral nerves at the edge anastomosing Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) £ aS ,if0,ia GLER: l lower side le ridev{J"™i ^ 4 ^UPP r s de - af, f x ; 2. inflorescence, |x ; 3. synandrium, I',?;! « R : ' sy»andrium,2 0x ; 5.detai l of nervature, lower sideleaf ,enlarged . - U-A5. Braun6, B; 3-4. Bos4548,WAG) . 32 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Peduncle\ to onean da hal f timesa slon ga sth epetiole ,mostl yshorter ,8-2 4 cmlong , slender, sometimes minutely puberulous. Spatheoblong-lanceolate ,convolute ,no topenin gwhe nflowering, bu tonl ya t the upper part open (or opening asi nA. afzeliian dA. giganteal), ± aslon ga s the spadix, 2-U cmlong , £-1 cmwide ,brown , green-pinkish, or white Spadix H-4 cmlong ,2- 5m mthick .< Jpar t slightlylonge rt ou pt o3 2times ;a s long asth e ? part. Pistils not crowded, depressed-globose, more than 20. Style short, stigma discoid. Stamens4-6 . Thecae ovate,place dentirel yo ra tleas tth e upper half onth eto p ofth e synandrium. Seeds 1.7-2.5™}™& ^J*™ broad; 1.4-1.8 x aslon g asbroad . Yellow, without anyothe r coloured spots (dried, only observed once).

Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon,Zaire .

Ecology: On the banks of little streams inth eforest , on rocks ori n mud. Flowering throughout theyear . Fruiting from Septembertil lJanuary .

Vernacular name: Batoii bangwa (Turumbu, Germain 4854).

Notes: 1.Togethe r with thespecies ,J*™*^* ™ *' ^ var. sublobata, based onKling 36,a steril e ^»W; afld changes The shape of the leaf-blade in A. ^^^^J^J^n leaf-shapear e moreover with theag eo fth eplant .N o »*>^SvK£e war. Itwa sa recognized here.Th etyp e ofvar .sublobata ™P^ ™ ^antea CHEV. ex sterile specimen and soi t ispossible , that it oeio g ^ may a,s0 rec rded lr HUTCH. Nevertheless, A. hastifoliawa s « ° is here placedint o occur inTogo . Forthes e reasons thevar .sublobata ENGLER the synonymy of A. hastifolia. ninklase986 an dZenker 2. In 1899ENGLE Rdescribed^ ,auriculata basedo n ^^ ^ ^ jmpossible t0 1174. Both these collections only hadsom ebud s ss> the positiono f ascertain thecharacter s ofth e spathe in antnesis. i ^ unjted here, has olia the thecae is identical with that in A. % . "now taxonomicimportanc e because thedifferenc e inleaf-shap e ,sconsidere d ollo w (see above). . DE WILDEMANan dbase do non e 1903 E 3. A. haullevilleanawa sdescribe d ^ ^ ^d his species from A. has* fructificating collection {Gillet 1993)H e^^Jo * innot e 1, th» « folia byth eleaf-shap e andth esiz e ofth eP^* ^ some difficulties ast o insufficient evidence.However , A.^f*^ r large, which prevent. . its specific identity. The spathe on to type s ra ^ n on reduction of A. haullevilleanat oA. pile*. Because c^.^ of ^ spath n the type and no observations were ^^^^^.n^ anthesis,A. haullevilleana may belongto ,A. ha ' A h tlfolmVo OnthetvPelocality(orvery^ that reason andals ot ofurthe r stability nn o placed into thesynonym y ofA . hastifolia. 33 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(19 10 0 MAP 10. Anubias hastifolia.

4. In 1910D E WILDEMANdescribe d A. laurentii. It wasdistinguishe d from A. hastifoliaonl y by the shape of its leaves. Both the syntypes were examined and proved to beconspecifi c with A. hastifolia. 5. Amauriella obanensiswa s described in 1913 by RENDLE. The holotype (Talbot 1532) wasprobabl y destroyed at the BM,bu t at K an isotype is extant. This collection, together with the drawing RENDLE made (there designating erroneously the speciesa sAmauriella talbotii RENDLE)prove ,tha t this speciesi s identical with A. hastifolia. HEPPER (1968a) placed A. hastifoliaan d A. auriculatai n Amauriella, on the strength of the difference in the position of the thecae on the synandrium. ENGLER(1893) had dividedAnubias int otw osections :Synanubias, containin g A. afzelii,A. heterophylla, an dA. barteri;an d Cylindranubias,containin gonl y A. hastifolia. This subdivision was based on the same character as adopted by HEPPER to separate Anubiasfro m Amauriella. Section Cylindranubias an d the genus Amauriella are the same taxon. Later (1915: 2) ENGLER canceled his sections, because according to him both kinds of $ flowers might occur in A. hastifolia. Thespecimen swit hth etheca e at the sideo fth e synandrium however, are here assigned to A. gigantea. Unfortunately, both ENGLER and HEPPER overlooked A.gilletii DE WILDEMAN& DURANDan dA. pynaertii DE WILDEMAN. The position ofth etheca e inA. gilletiima y beconsidere d intermediary between A. hastifoliaan dth eothe rspecie so fth egenu s(excl . A. pynaertii).Th epositio no f thetheca ei nA. pynaertiicoul d beconsidere d acombinatio n ofbot h types.I t has to beconcluded , that there exists no demarcation in the position of the thecae within thegenu s Anubias SCHOTT, and soAmauriella RENDLEi sno t maintained here. ENGLER'S sections are in consequence also rejected. No valid other argu­ ment was found to subdivide the genus Anubias. 34 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Specimens examined: GHANA: VaneT.V.T .(fr .June )Morton A 3439(K) ;Chiling a& Skiare ,Nkwanta ,Krach i(fl . May) MortonA 3977 (K). NIGERIA: Div. Benin,Loc .Okum uFores tReserve ,Comp t 69 (fl., fr.Jan. ) Brenan8762(Q, BM, K, P); Prov.Benin ,distr .Benin ,Sapoba ,Jamieso nRive r(fl. , fr.Sept. )FHI34268 (K) ; SNigeria ,Oba n district(fr. ) Talbot 1297bis(K) ; SNigeria ,Oba ndistric t(bud ) Talbot 1532 (K, isotypeoUmauriella obanensis RENDLE?). CAMEROON: 12k m from Kribi (fr. Jan.) Bos 3641 (WAG);8 k mS o f Kribi (fr. Feb.) Bos 3V72 (WAG); 13k mfro m Kribi(fl. May)Bos4548 (WAG) ;17k mfro m Kribi(fr. May)Bos 4600 (VI AG); Gross Batanga(fl . Oct.)Braun 6(B , holotype); Batanga(fl .Sept. )Dinktage 986 (B, Icctotypco fA. auriculata ENGLER,isotyp eHBG) ; Bipinde(bud,fl.) Zenker 1174(BM, E, G, GRO, K,L , LE, M.!', S,Z;syntypeof^ . auriculata BUGLER). ZAIRE: Yangambi (fr. Apr.) Germain 4854 (BR); Lukenzu River, Ikela (fr. June)Germain 7449 (BR); env.o fKisant u (fr.) Gillet 1993 (BR,holotyp eo f A. haullevilleana DE WILDEMAN);ibi d (fl.) Gillet3381 (BR , lectotype of A. laurentii DE WILDEMAN); Kassai (fr. Nov.) Laurent s.n. (BR); Batempa falaises du Sarkuru (fl. Nov.) Laurents.n. (1903) (BR, syntype of A. laurentii Dfc WILDEMAN).

CULTIVATED: Belgium,a t theJardi n Colonial deLaeke n(fl . March)Seret 129 (BR).

7. Anubiasheterophyll a ENGLER Fig.8 , Phot.7-11 , Map1 1

ENGLER, 1879:435; 1893:463; BROWN, 1889:67; 1901:184; ENGLER,1915:5 .

Type:GolungoAltodistriet,, ^/w/^237(K,lectotype;isotypcSat B, BM, COI, LE, P). Heterotypic synonyms: A. congensisK. E. BROWN, 1901:184 ; D^WIL­ DEMAN, 1907-17; ENGLER, 1915: 7. Type: Boma, Za.re, Bull s.n. 1889 (K,

lectotype). 1915. 7 Tvpe: Cultivatedspecime ni n A. congensisv&r. crassispadixENGLER,1VO . '• iyp<=. . _trnVKi in the the Berlin Botanic Garden Berlin-Dahlem (not conserved or destroyed in ^A.affinis DE WILDEMAN, 1907: 16; ENGLER,1915 :3 ; DE W.LDEMAN, 1922: 176. Type: Anonymus s.n. (B^holotype?^ seenot e-A) ^ ^ A. engleriDE WILDEMAN, 1907: 17; ENGLER, ma. *. m

Laurent s.n. 1895 (BR, holotype, ^ atB); Waljkalc, Zairc, ^. bequaertiDEWILDEMAN , 1922:176. Type, tnire Bequaert6450 (BR , holotype). nlui„nil 1 ungate HORT. MOHLMANN, 1977:48 8(nome nnudum) .

r otin 17 Rhizome creeping, prostrate and ° ^" sX teaf-bladc, glabrous or Petiole 3-66 cm long, 0.7-1.7 x as long a . , Gcniculumi-2Jcin minutely puberulous. Sheath smallo ru pt oj ofth epet. o lon §- , ii ^m hrnad 2 to 6time s as long as broad. Leaf-blade 10-38 cm long, 3-U cm oro ' or (somelimes veryspar - us b elliptic-ovate or elongate-lanceolate °« J' beloW, fiat or more or less ta sely) puberulous on the midrib ^ *™ base acute, cuneatc-obtuse, undulate, coriaceous, apex acute oi ^ Meded.Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) t FIG. 8. Anubiasheterophylla ENGLER: 1. lower sideleaf ,\ x ; 2.inflorescence , completely opened, f x ; 3. inflorescence, somewhat more closed, \ x ; 4. synandrium, side view, 24x ; 5. upper side synandrium, 24x ; 6. berry, 6x ; 7. seed, 14 x .-(1-5. Arends 71,spiri t coll. WAG; 6-7. Bogner 1300, spirit coll.WAG) . 36 Meded. Landbouwhogesehool Wageningen 79-14(1979) PHOT. 7. ENGLER - . Phot. J. BOGNER, calidario M. .978. - (Bogner 1300, WAG). subtruncate, short sagittate or hastate. Basal lobes *<*J*^^Z* rounded, separated by a very wide sinus. Numerous prommert latend ncms with 2-4 less prominent lateral nerves between them, ^*™*™Z™*- themor eprominen t nervesbefor e theyreac hth e ^'^J^L,. ingi n 2-3 marginal nerves.Betwee nth elatera lnerve snumerou sslender , verse veinlets. ... „ntn?l cmlone ,slender , Peduncleon ethir d aslon ga st oequallin gth e petiole,u pt o 27 cmlong , glabrous or minutely puberulous. 41 ; jong as ^l-^cmlong^.^licmb^ abrou l wide, oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, gl *'j" ^JrinR but not renexed. green or dark purple, opening to &^^ *££%*** again tightly Sometimes spadix more or less exserted. After antne around the spadix. . t ice as iong asth espathe , Spadix cyclical, somewhat thick, equaUngt o ^^^,0.6-21 U-4$ cmlong .$ par t somewhatshorte ro ru pi o rf sometimes onlyi n cmlo 2ng.Anther s 4-6. Thecae onth esid eo^^ n to beplace d on the the upper part (especially when dried the thecaey^^ ^ & ^ ? edge of the synandrium, as in A. gilletu), ODIO S r somewhat less densely part sometimes sterile £ flowers c? part denseJ | ^^ stjgma discoid, green, flowered. Ovaries depressed-globose, green, ay Q 5J mm br£)ad; Berries depressed-globose. Seeds small, 0.8-1.5 mm ^

Me«. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) '"**:...••:

PHOT. 8. Anubiasheterophylla ENGLER — Inflorescence. Phot. H. C. D. DE WIT, cali- darioWAG , 6.V.1978 .- (Cru­ J sh 5, WAG). about 1.3-1.7 x aslon g asbroad , yellowish, without any other coloured spots when dried.

Distribution: Cameroon, , Gabon, Cabinda, Congo, Zaire, Angola.

Ecology: Growing asa rul e onrock y grounds onth ebank s ofo ri nwater ­ courses,o nshad y placesi nth eforest , 300-1100m . Leonard2856 bearsth e note 'plante epiphyte'. Flowering from July to January, fructificating from July to March.

Vernacular names: Biranansungu (Kitembo, Pierlot 1194); Bofokoko bo libande (Turumbu, Germain 250).

Use: The plant isuse d asa stomachi c forchildre n (Pierlot1194).

No t e s : 1. Inth eorigina ldescription , ENGLERcite d astyp emateria l for his A. heterophylla 'Africa tropica occidentalis, Angola distr. Golungo alto alt.300 -

38 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) P5«^B!BSBPiiP»pP

?$*&:* J

PHOT. 9. Anubiasheterophylla ENGLER — Inflorescence. Phot. H. C. D. DE WIT, cali- dario WAG, III. 1977. - (Arends71, WAG) . 800 m in silvis (We,,Usck „. 236-23W. Lateron m 1893(p . 463) h,;cta l as wereplace d byhi mi n^ . a/ze/«.I n 1915,however ,up . J 236, 237 and 238 asbelongin gt oA. *W»t

to him by BULLfro m Boma,Zair e in 188/ , law an puberulous, cW J from ^. te^^/fa only because^ ^/^ J should be especially onth elowe r surface ofth e leaf-blade while A g glabrousThetype so fA. congensiswer e^^^Tbarteri^r . glabra, puberulous beneath. FurthermoreI already.»^ f ^^ of puberulous note 2),tha t Id ono tassig n any ^^"^TcangeJ^wfto** hairs.N o otherdifferentia l charactersbecomin gevident ,A in thesynonym y of A. heterophylla. ^ Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) PHOT. 10. Anubias hetero- phylla ENGLER — Infructes- cence. Phot. J. BOGNER, cali- dario M, 1978.-{Bogner 1300, WAG).

3. In 1915, ENGLERdescribe d A. congensisvar . crassispadix. This variety was described as having a much reduced 9 part. The original material (cultivated plants at Berlin-Dahlem)coul d not betraced . They were not conserved or were possiblydestroye d inth ewar .A s1 hav esee nn omateria lwit ha reduce d9 par t of thespadix , described by ENGLER,a neotyp e for thisvariety wasno t appointed. I consider var. crassispadix merely a monstruosity. However,th elengt ho fth e 9 part is veryvariabl ei nA. heterophylla, sometimes even in one individual. The specimens Bogner 1299 and Bogner 1300ha d the 9 part longer than the spathe. In these specimens spadix/spathe ratio was 1.9 and 2.0. However, one ofthes especimen s(Bogner 1300) wascultivate d inth eWage - ningengreenhous ean dflowere d severaltime s(Crusio 5). Thespadix/spath e ratio proved to bevariabl e from 1.7 to 2.0, the difference mainly due to the length of the 9 part. In all other features, they were similar to other specimens of A. heterophylla. As thisfeatur e proved to be variableals owithi nth esam e specimen, it was not considered justified to divide A. heterophyllai n several infraspecific taxa based onth elengt h ofth e9 part.Therefore , A. congensisvar . crassispadixi s here placed in the synonymy of A. heterophylla.

40 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) i upwi^n,MMI Inpiir•JKI'H W ** "WW'

••%£*.4*ap^&

„** v. \ -rJ %.

••'- * & "••

PHOT. ILAnubias heterophylla ENCLER- Poller, REM micrographW . BARTHLurr, uJJ-no M. 1979.- (Bogne/- 7500, WAG).

4. A. affinis was described in 1907 by ™"™^J*7^ only stated: 'Congo, s.loco' . However, from BR1rece i ^^ affinis sp. without a collector's name or number. It was annou ^ ^ ^ M W]T a ann nov.'. Furthermore, it was provided with " °^wi in DE WILDEMAN' se stating that 'this specimen obviously ^. ^ specimen andth e drawing (1907).Iam not suretha t DEWITIScorrect ,bu tastnep^^^ /toj J ^ A in DE WILDEMAN both are, in my opinion, part o affinisi n the synonymy of A. heterophylla. kH The type 5. Togetherwith,., affinis, DE WILDEMAN^^^ budf. Considering collection only consisted ofthre e leavesan d somei m ^.^ that DE the variability of the leaf-shape in Anubias, id (the asym. WILDEMAN'S reason for describing &\^™** areimmature ,i ti squit e metricleaf ) isinsufficient . Althoughth ebud so nth e type he certain that A. engleri belongs in A. !ZZ/l^aScdoriBequaert6450,^ch l922) 6. Anubiasbequaertimy/i^E^^ ^^rt645obiscl^riy\x\ori&iri

consists of three smallflowering specimens . J heterophylla. A. heterophylla.A. bequaerti isa small form oIA. ,110 sent me some 7.MO^MAN N (l^^^'C^^ ^^ specimens of this as did Mr. N. JACOB EN ^ hlla_

confirmed, that these plants belonged inA. ^ 41 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(197 Specimens examined: CAMEROON: S. loc. (fl.) Bogner 1299(WAG) ; ibid, (fl.) Bogner 1300(WAG) ; Piste Akwaya- Mamfe,pre sNyang ,2 5 kmNN EMamf e(fl. ,fr .July )Letouzey 14145 (BR,K ,P , WAG); Kumba (fr. Jan.) Paysan s.n. (WAG). EQUATORIAL GUINEA: Bebar, Camposgebiet (fl. Dec.) Tessmann 697(K) . GABON: S. loc. (fl., fr.) Bogners.n. (M); Gamba (fl. Sept.) Bretekr 5605 (WAG); Chute de Tchimbele(fr . Aug.)Bretekr & De Wilde 38 (WAG);Lonkando n (fr. Jan.) Le Testu 1278 (BM,P) . CONGO: Fouet, sur letrac e del a route de la Mudongo, W Sibiti (fr. Aug.) Farron 4357 (P). CABINDA: Beligen Lualy-Maiombe (fr. Dec.) Gossweiler 7609 (BM, COI,K : this sheet indicating 'Portugese Maiombe, Chiluango'). ZAIRE: Between Masisian dWalikal e(fl .Jan. ) Bequaert6450 (BR , holotype ofA. bequaerti); ibid, (fl. Jan.) Bequaert 6450bis (BR); between Walikale and Lubutu (fl., fr. Jan.) Bequaert6590 (BR) ; pont sur la Mpioka entre Zundu et Timasi, Terr. Ngombe-Matadi (fr. Dec.) Breyne 2236(BR) ; Kisantu (fr. Mar.) Callens 75 (BR); Irangi, 10(o r 70?) km W of L. Kivu (fl., fr. Aug.) Cambridge Congo Expedition 1959, 300(BM , BR); Mvuazi (fr. Jan.) Devred448 (BR); M'vuazi-Ngombe (fr. Oct.) Devred803 (BR); Yanonghe (st. Mar.) Germain 250(BR) ;betwee n Tumba and Kinpesri (fl.) Gillet s.n. 1903 (BR);M .Piok a(bud s Oct.)Laurent s.n., 1895 (BR,holotyp eo f A. engleri; isotype at B); betweenWalikal ean dKalek e(Kivu )(fr . Mar.)Lebrun 5296 (BR) ; Orega(Mamtma )(fl. ,fr .July ) Lebrun 5659 (BR); Kembe, Terr. Walikale (fl., fr. Nov.) Leonard 1581 (BR); Kampala, Terr. Walikale (buds Nov.) Leonard 1646 (BR); Bunyakiri Terr., Kalehe (fr. Feb.) Leonard2856 (BR); Dundusana (fl., fr. Sept.) Mortehan513 (BR); Mingazi, Terr. Kaleke, km 85 route Kavumu- Walikale(fr . Dec.)Pierlot 1194 (BR); Gimbi,Valle ed e laFuk a(fr . Nov.) Toussaint644 (BR); Kivoe, Irangi, IRSAC-domein(fr . Mar.) Vanderveken 9718 (BR);Kiz u(bud s Oct.) Vanderyst27072 (BR) . ANGOLA: Distr.Cazengo ,i nth emountain scalle d Muxaulo(fr . Jan.) Welwitsch 236 (BM,syntyp e of A. heterophylla); distr. Golungo Alto (fr. Mar.) Welwitsch 237(K , lectotype of A. heterophylla; isotypes at B,BM , COI, LE,P) ;ibid . (st. Mar.) Welwitsch 238 (BM). UNKNOWN LOCALITY:Cultivate d specimen?(fr. ) Anonymus s.n. (BR, holotype of A. afflnis); (fl.) Bogner 1321 (WAG);(st. ) deBriey s.n., 1913 (BR). CULTIVATED:Belgium , at Brussels(fl. , fr. June) Hort. Brux.juin 1902 (BR);Denmark , at Copen­ hagen (fl.) Jacobsen s.n. (WAG); ibid, as A. 'undulatd (fl.) Jacobsen s.n.(WAG) ; Great Britain, at Kew (fl. May) Kew, entry no. 190/1904 (K); ibid. (fl. June) Kewjune 1914 (K); ibid. ? from Boma,

10 0 10 20 30 MAP 11. Anubiasheterophylla. 42 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14 (1979) Zaireimporte d (st.Aug. ) Bulls.n. 1887(K ,syntyp eo fA. congensis);ibid .(fr . July)Bulls.n. 1889(K , lectotype of A. congensis);ibid . (fr. July) Bulls.n. 1894 (K, syntype of A. congensis); Germany, cultivated by A. BLASS,Munic h (fl., fr. May)Bogner 1308(WAG) ;Netherlands ,a tWageninge n (fl. Dec.) Arends71 (WAG); ibid. (fl. May) Crusio5 (WAG ,cultivate d specimen of Bogner 1300); ibid, (fl. Aug. & Sept.) Crusio 13 (WAG); ibid. (fl. Sept.) Crusio 15 (WAG); ibid. (fl. May) J.V. 467 (WAG).

8. Anubias pynaertii DE WILDEMAN Fig.9 ,Phot . 12,Ma p1 2

DEWILDEMAN, 1910: 168.

Type: Paku, Zaire, Seret861 (BR , lectotype).

Rhizome creeping,prostrat e androoting ,sometime sbranched ,\- \\ cmthick . Petiole 10-45 cmlong ,shortl y sheathed, alittl eshorte r than or upt o1\ x as long as the leaf-blade, glabrous or minutely puberulous. Geniculum 1-2 cm long. . Leaf-bladehastate ,lon gauriculate ,cordat ewit ha ver ywid esinu so robtus ea t thebase , glabrous above,midri b and lateral nervesminutel ypuberulou sbelow , apex acute or acuminate,middl elob eovat et ooblong-ell.ptic ,9-2 9 cmlong ,4 - 14c m broad, almost twice to more than 3time sa slon ga sbroad , widestbelo w the middle. Lateral lobes obtuse, ovate-elliptic, up to 18c m long, 7c m wide, sometimesalmos t ortotall yabsent .Numerou sprominen tlatera lnerves ,witn u- 5 less prominent lateral nerves between them, with very numerous, tran verse slenderveinlet sbetwee nthem .Latera lnerve snea rth eedg eanastomos.n gi n 1-5 TZl/TslTnder, 0.4-1.1 x aslon ga sth epetiole ,7-2 7c mlong ,glabrou so r

PXate lanceolate-elliptic, when flowering spreadingbackward ,afte r flower- i • • i ii ^tr, inna acute-mucronu ate, white, green or onvc ing closing again, 2-3^ cm long, acute i»u>-'u h TadiX slender cylindrical, 2X-3Jc m long 1.2-L4 ^»^£££ short stiped orsubsessile .S partmor eo rles s^nsel yflowered, ?p a lessden * y flowered «J part ± li * as long as the? part Pis .Is d^f^^ some whitish spots, and a very short "^^X of the 4-6. Thecae oblong or elliptic. S flowers with theae cove^ng the * ^ synandrium entirely and also the larger part of theto p of hsyna thecae disappear after flowering and t e ^^^T^Uo.9-LS closetogether . Berriesdepressed-gbbose .Dneseed s whjtish spots. mm broad; 1.5-2.0 x as long as broad, light brownw n

Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Zaire.

*,„.„„: On we, pb- i. - or * ,he wa,e, a, ,he b-* -*- -.

Jl/e(ferf. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) Fio. 9. AnubiaspynaertiiDEWILDEMAN : 1.lowe r sideleaf ,j x ; 2. inflorescence, f x ; 3. upper side synandnum, 30 x ; 4. synandrium, side view, 30x ; 5. upper side synandrium, 30 x .- (1, 3. Seret 861, BR;2 .Seret 861, BRan d Crusio 2, WAG;4-5 . Van Tilborgs.n., 1914, BR).

*44 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) PHOT. 12. Anubiaspy- naertii DE WILDEMAN — Inflorescence. Phot. J. W. MUGGE, calidarioWAG , 25.IV.1978 . - (Crush 2, WAG). brooks, mostly onshad y placesi nforests ; 20-1450 m. Floweringan d fruiting throughout the year.

Vernacular names:^/*^^ 11934 12145 13474 15607, 15158); Batoie baNgwa (Turumbu, LouuUWO),

3793: nom generiquede sOrchidee se tde s Fougeres).

Note:Thisspeciesislongoverlooked.« typical. Consequently,th especie sstand srelatrvel ytsolate d withinth e genus.

Specimens examined: WAG).IkoyBandja(fl.,fr.Oct.)a««r«P GABON:CapEsterias(fl.,fr.Ooi-^gner603(K M WAGM y^J fr_^ ^ 88B (K, M,WAG) ; M'Voum(fl .Nov. )Bogner i ^7^'^J. mmgua(fl. Sept.)Breleler & De !K); 4k m Wo fLastoursvill e (fl.fr., ^^SKwiSS ; Be>"ga (budsfl., Nov. ) Wilde574 (WAG); Abauga, chantier CETA (buas June, i?a//e3224 (P) ;ibid , (budsJune ) Halle 3915 (P). p) CONGO: Mayombe, LesSaras , route del ^ ^1 Feb)Zrd34,3 (BR,K) ; Befale (fl., fr ZAIRE: Bolumbuloko,Ekekel i R. (Terr Befate)bu ds Fe b•> * ^^ Yangambi and Apr.) £W4ftfc (BR, K);K U(fl . Mar.) German 261 (BR), ^ Afeferf. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) 10 0 MAP 12. Anubiaspynaertii.

Yakusu (buds Nov.) Germain 4660 (BR); L.Yandj a (Isangi)(fr . Aug.) Germain 5162 (BR); Wendji (env. ofCoquilhatville ) (buds,fr . May) Lebrun 308(BR) ;Yangambi , 8k m N ofYaosuk a (fl. Apr.) Louis3793 (BR) ;Yalibwa , 22k mN ofYangamb i (fl.June ) Louis9925 (BR);Yangole , 20k mW of Yangambi (fr. Oct.) Louis 11934 (BR, K, P); ibid, (buds, fl. Oct.) Louis 12145 (BM, BR, WAG); Lileko, between Yangambi and Basoko (fl., fr. Jan.) Louis 13474 (BR); Yangambi, valley of the Lusambila (buds Mar.) Louis 14358 (BR); Yangambi, along the river Isalowe (fl., fr. Apr.) Louis 14635(BR , K); Yangambi, Island Booke wa Mbole (fl., fr. June) Louis 15158 (BR, WAG); Yangambi, rivegauch e (fl., fr. July) Louis15607 (BR) ; Eala(fr . June) Pynaert1437 (BR , syntype); Paku (fl. June) Seret861 (BR, lectotype); ibid, (fl., fr. June) Seret 862 (BR); Ingia (fl. July) Van Tilborg s.ni, 1914 (BR); Kisantu-Kwango (fl.) Vanderyst 16490 (BR). CULTIVATED: Netherlands, at Wageningen (fl. Apr.) Crusio 2 (WAG, collected by BOGNER in Gabon).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Iwoul d liket othan k allmember so f thepersonne li nth e Laboratory ofPlan t Taxonomy and Plant Geography of Wageningen for their cooperation and hospitality.I acknowledg eespeciall yProf .Dr .H .C .D . DEWIT' Ssupervisio nan d many valuableadvices .Mr .G . BOELEMAassiste dcorrectin gth e manuscript and proofs Miss IKE ZEVVALD skilfully prepared thedrawings . MissD . M. WASSINK typed the manuscript. Also Ia m very grateful to Mr.J . BOGNER, Botanischer Garten Munich, who provided mewit hman yfine herbariu m andlivin gmaterial ,wit hman y beautiful photographs and color-slides and whose continuing interest in my work was highlystimulating .Th ephotograph s6 an d 11 werekindl ypu t at mydisposa lb y Mr. N.JACOBSE N(Copenhagen ) and Dr. W. BARTHLOTT(Munich ) respectively. Mr. F. MOHLMANN, Einbeck, G. F. R., Mr. N. JACOBSEN,Universit y of Copen- 46 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) hagen, and MissM . KNECHT,Ivor yCoast ,kindl yprovide dm e withman ylivin g specimens of Anubias. Their help facilitated and improved the revision very considerably.

Thisrevisio n ofAnubias i sth e 12thinstalmen t ofPrimitia eAfricanae ,a scrie s ofpapers , introducing thefirst result s ofresearch-worker si nAfrica n botanical taxonomy, prepared under supervision ofProf . Dr.H .C .D .o n WIT. burlier instalments: 1. Acta Bot. Neerl. 5: 171-178.1956 . 2. Blumea 10: 607-624.1960 . 3. Acta Bot. Neerl. 11: 231-265.1962 . 4. Blumea 12:209-239 . 1964. 5. Acta Bot. Neerl. 13: 161-174.1964 . 6. Bull. Jard. Bot. del'eta t Bruxelles 35:411-433 .1965 . 7. Journal S.Afr .Bot . 33:269-292 .1967 . 8. Acta Bot. Neerl. 19:227-248 .1970 . 9. Taxon 22: 57-91. 1973. 10. Acta Bot. Neerl. 24: 69-82.1975 . 11. Meded. Landb. hogesch.Wageninge n 79(3): 1-115. 19 n.

LITERATURE

ANS.NK,J . 1977.Ee n Anubias geschikt voor het enhe ,paludarium . He.Aquariu m 48. BAILLON, H. 1895.Histoir e desPlante s XIII,Pans . BENTHAM,G .& J .D .HOOKE R F. 1883.Gener a Plantarum 3,London . BERHAUT,J . 1967.Flor ed uSenega l 2nd ed., Dakar. BROWN, N.E . 1889.Ne w orNoteworth y Plants.Gard .Chror .b e .s, . ^ BROWN, N. E. 1901. In: W.T .TH.SELTON-DYE R Flora °f Trop.calAfnc a p ^ ^ CHEVALIER,A .1909 .Plante s deI'Afriqu e trop.cale franca^[^'pJs CHEVALIER,A . 1920.Exploratio n botaniqueAf^^^ , 2, Paris. ENOLER, A. 1879. in: A. DECANDOLLE, Monograp,a^KTS Gclehr.cn au* den ENGLER, A. 1889. Araceae. Mitteilungen von Forschungsre.sen DeutschenSchutzgebieten(Danckelman)2. ENGLER, A. 1893.Beitrag ezu r Flora von Afnka III. Bot.Jahrb .XV . ENGLER, A. 1899.Aracea e africanae II. Bot.J»hrb . XXVI. ENGLER, A. 1915.Anubiadeae . DasPflanzenre.c h Hef:H U'P»| c HEPPER, F.N . 1968a.Tropica l African MonocotyWons 11.* ical Africa 2nded, .III . HEPPER, F. N. 1968b.In : J. HUTCH.NSON&J . M. DALZ.EL, part 2,London . „ YVII KewBull .1939 . HUTCHINSON,J . 1939.Tropica l Afncan PlantsX™£™™ ^ ^^ HUTCHINSON,J .& J .M .DALZIEL . 1936.Flor a o^T^ ^pnanerogaroes I.Brol. LEMEE,A . 1929.Dictionairedescriptifctsynonym.qu de GenDas Aquarium I . & MOHLMANN, F. 1977.Empfehlenswert e «^ f™%H F. WEXNHAM,Catalogu eo f.h e RENDLE, A. B. 1913. Araceae.In : A. BUNDLE £ g ^.^ London. plantscollecte d by Mr.& Mrs "^ ^ J "ra Von Kamerun. DieAquanc n und Tcrrancn SADILEK, V. 1974.Kostbarke.te n der Wassemor

Zeitschrift 27. von Karnerun: I. Anubias nana Engler. D* SADILEK, V. 1978. Kostbarke.ten der Wassernor Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschnft 31. 47 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979) SADILEK,V . 1978. Kostbarkeiten derWasserflor a von Kamerun: 2.Anubia s lanceolata. Die Aqua- rien und Terrarien Zeitschrift 31. SCHOTT, H.W . 1857. Aroideen Skizzen. Oesterreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt 7. SCHOTT, H. W. 1858.Gener a aroidearum, Wien. SCHOTT, H.W . 1860.Prodromu s systematisAroidearum , Wien. WILDEMAN, E. DE. 1903. Etudes sur la Flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. Annates du Musee du Congo Ser. V, I. WILDEMAN, E. DE. 1907. Etudes sur la Flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Ser. V, II. WILDEMAN, E. DE. 1910. Etudes sur la Flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo Ser. V, III. WILDEMAN, E. DE. 1922.Planta e Bequaertianae 1,fasc . II, Paris. WILDEMAN,E .DE&TH . DURAND. 1901. PlantaeGilletiana eCongolenses .Bull .Herb .Boiss .Ser . 2,1.

INDEX

The main entries of the correct taxon names are indicated by bold printed pagenumbers .Al lfigure s andphotograph s areindicate d bya n asterisk attached to their indexed page numbers.Synonym s areprinte d initalics.

Amauriella1,2 , 34 - engleri 35, 41,42 - auriculata 31 - gigantea 1,2 ,4 , 21, 22*,23* , 24,30 , - hastifolia3 1 31,33,34 - obanensis 1, 2, 31, 34,3 5 - - var. tripartita21 , 23, 24 -talbotii3l,34 - gilletii 1, 4,24 , 25*, 26*,27 ,33 , 34, Anubias 2, 34 37 - section Cylindranubias3 4 -gracilis 1,4,28,29*, 30 - section Synanubias3 4 - hastaefolia3 1 -affinis 35* 41,42 - hastifolia 1,2 ,4 , 23,27 ,28 ,31 , 32*, - afzelii 1,2,4,5 , 6*, 7*,8 , 17,23, 34 30, 33,34,3 9 - - var. robusta 21,23, 24,3 1 - auriculata1,27 , 31, 33,34 ,3 5 - - var.sublobata 31 , 33 - barteri 1,2,4,8, 17, 18,20,30 ,3 4 - haullevilleana 31, 33, 35 - - var.angustifolia,stat .e tcomb . nov. - heterophylla 1,2 , 4, 30, 34,35 , 36*, 3*, 10,11*,13, 14* 37*, 38*, 39*,40* , 41*, 42 --var. barteri 9*, 10,12, 16,19 - lanceolata14, 17, 18, 19 - - var.caladiifolia 10,11*, 13,15*,16 , - f. angustifolia 13, 14 17,19 - var. cordata1 9 --var. glabra 10, 11*,12 , 13, 14,16 , - Iaurentii3l,34, 35 18,20,39 - minima 17,1 8 - - var. nana, stat. et comb. nov. 10, -nana 18, 19,20 11*, 19,20 - puberula 19 - bequaerti35,41,4 2 - pynaertii 1,2 , 4, 28, 33,34 ,43 ,44* , - congensis 35, 39 45*, 46 - var. crassispadix35,4 0 - undulata 35,41, 42

48 Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-14(1979)