Whiteflies Management
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Effects of Host Plants, Temperature Regimes, and Mating Scenarios on the Population Dynamics of the Cabbage Whitefly Aleyrodes Proletella L
Effects of host plants, temperature regimes, and mating scenarios on the population dynamics of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Khaldon Askoul geboren in Swaida (Syrien) Göttingen, April 2017 _______________________________________________________ ____________ D 7 1. Referentin/Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal 2. Korreferentin/Korreferent: Dr. Rainer Meyhöfer Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20.06.2017 Für meine Familie Table of contents Table of contents Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 General introduction .............................................................................................................. 4 Objective ................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 10 Life history parameters of Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on different host plants ............................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................................. 11 Effects -
Temperature-Dependent Phenology and Predation in Arthropod Systems
ecological modelling 196 (2006) 471–482 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolmodel Temperature-dependent phenology and predation in arthropod systems J. David Logan a,∗, William Wolesensky b, Anthony Joern c a Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0130, Unites States b Program in Mathematics, College of St. Mary, Omaha, NE 68134, Unites States c Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, Unites States article info abstract Article history: A central issue in ecology is to determine how environmental variations associated with Received 22 April 2005 global climate change, especially changing temperatures, affect trophic interactions in var- Received in revised form 14 ious ecosystems. This paper develops a temperature-dependent, stage-based, discrete, co- December 2005 hort model of the population dynamics of an insect pest under pressure from a predator. Accepted 9 February 2006 Guided by experimental data, the model is applied specifically to predation of grasshoppers Published on line 17 April 2006 by rangeland lycosid spiders. The development rate of insect arthropods is strongly affected by temperature, and these temperature-dependent phenological effects couple with shifts in Keywords: the daily activity periods for both prey and predator, thereby increasing or decreasing oppor- Predator–prey models tunities for interaction. The model addresses these effects quantitatively by introducing a Temperature temperature-dependent, joint-activity factor that enters the predator’s functional response. Phenology The model also includes a prey mortality rate that is temperature-dependent through the Grasshoppers prey development rate. The model is parameterized using field and experimental data for Lycosid spiders spiders and grasshoppers. -
History Traits of Encarsia Guadeloupae, a Natural Enemy of the Invasive Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus Dispersus G
J. Appl. Entomol. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Life-history traits of Encarsia guadeloupae, a natural enemy of the invasive spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus G. Mollot1,2, N. Borowiec2,3, P.-F. Duyck2,S.Glenac 2 & S. Quilici2 1 CNRS, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, CIRAD / UniversitedeLaR eunion, Pole^ de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France 3 INRA, Equipe Recherche et Developpement en Lutte Biologique, UMR 1355 ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France Keywords Abstract alternative host, classical biological control, hymenopteran parasitoid, La Reunion, On south-west Indian Ocean islands, many crops and ornamental plants parasitism rate, survival are threatened by the spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), which is a polyphagous pest that is native to the Caribbean Correspondence region. Aleurodicus dispersus causes economic damage to various crops on Gregory Mollot (corresponding author), all the islands in the south-west Indian Ocean. The hymenopteran parasit- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive oid Encarsia guadeloupae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a natural enemy (CEFE), UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, of A. dispersus on the Caribbean islands. In this study, we assessed the geo- France. E-mail: [email protected] graphical distribution of the parasitoid in La Reunion, an island in the south-west Indian Ocean where the parasitoid was first observed in 2004. Received: March 20, 2014; accepted: April 9, We also investigated its main life-history traits. Field surveys indicated 2015. that the parasitoid is widespread in most of the low-lying areas of the island and exhibits high parasitism rates on A. -
Catalog of the Encarsia of the World (2007)
Catalog of the Encarsia of the World (2007) John Heraty, James Woolley and Andrew Polaszek (a work in progress) Note: names in parentheses refer to species groups, not subgenera. Encarsia Foerster, 1878. Type species: Encarsia tricolor Foerster, by original designation. Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894a. Type species: Coccophagus citrinus Craw, by original designation. Synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894a. Type species: Coccophagus citrinus Craw, by original designation. Synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Prospalta Howard, 1894b. Type species: Coccophagus aurantii Howard. Subsequently designated by ICZN, Opinion 845, 1968: 12-13. Homonym; discovered by ??. Encarsia of the World 2 Prospalta Howard, 1894b. Type species: Coccophagus aurantii Howard. Homonym of Prospalta Howard; discovered by ??. Encarsia; Howard, 1895b. Subsequent description. Prospaltella Ashmead, 1904[238]. Replacement name; synonymy by Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Prospaltella Ashmead, 1904[238]. Replacement name for Prospalta Howard Viggiani & Mazzone, 1979[144]: 44. Mimatomus Cockerell, 1911. Type species: Mimatomus peltatus Cockerell, by monotypy. Synonymy by Girault, 1917[312]: 114. Doloresia Mercet, 1912. Type species: Prospaltella filicornis Mercet, by original designation. Synonymy by Mercet, 1930a: 191. Aspidiotiphagus; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Encarsia; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Prospaltella; Mercet, 1912a. Subsequent description. Prospaltoides Bréthes, 1914. Type species: Prospaltoides -
Life-History Parameters of Encarsia Formosa, Eretmocerus Eremicus and E
Eur. J. Entomol. 101: 83–94, 2004 ISSN 1210-5759 Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) YU TONG QIU, JOOP C. VAN LENTEREN, YVONNE C. DROST and CONNIE J.A.M. POSTHUMA-DOODEMAN Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University; P.O.Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae, Homoptera, Aleyrodidae, whiteflies, Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus, Eretmocerus mundus, biological control, life history, longevity, development time Abstract. Life-history parameters (juvenile development time, adult longevity, host instar preference and rate of parasitism) of four parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (two strains of Encarsia formosa (D and B), Eretmocerus eremicus and Eretmocerus mundus) were studied in the laboratory. At 15°C juvenile development time was the shortest for E. formosa B (48 days), longest for E. ere- micus (79.3 days) and intermediate for E. formosa D (62.8 days) and E. mundus (64 days) at 15°C. With increase in temperature, development time decreased to around 14 days for all species/strains at 32°C. The lower developmental threshold for development was 11.5, 8.1, 13.0 and 11.5°C for E. formosa D, E. formosa B, E. eremicus and E. mundus, respectively. E. formosa D and B, and E. mundus all appeared to prefer to parasitize 3rd instar nymphs. The presence of hosts shortened adult longevity in most of the para- sitoids, with the exception of E. formosa B, which lived longer than other species/strains irrespective of the presence of hosts. -
The Ecology of the Viburnum Whitefly, Aleurotrachelus Jelinekii (Frauenf
The Ecology of the Viburnum Whitefly, Aleurotrachelus jelinekii (Frauenf.). by Patricia Mary Reader B.Sc, A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London. Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology Imperial College at Silwood Park Ascot Berkshire April 1981 2. ABSTRACT A long term study on the Viburnum whitefly, Aleurotrachelus jelinokii (Frauenf.) was begun in 1962. This is an introduced species to Britain, originally from the Mediterranean, with southern England representing the northern edge of its range. Previously, (Southwood & Reader, 1976), it had been shown that the major controlling factors for the population on the bushes at Silwood Park were adult mortality and factors affecting fecundity. Consequently this thesis focuses on the adult stage and examines, in the first place, the effects of such factors as host plant, density and temperature, on the fecundity of the insect, all of which have some influence on the number of eggs produced. The extent of migration is then discussed, with the conclusion that this is not likely to be a major cause of population dilution. Indeed, tests show that this whitefly will not pursue the prolonged flights expected in a migrating insect. The impact of various predators on the whitefly populations was also examined and only one, Conwentzia psociformis, responded numerically to changes in population densities mainly because it is multivoltine; all the other predator species had one generation a year. Finally, the relation- ship between the host plant and the insect was assessed. Food quality was expressed in amino acid levels found in the leaves both within and between seasons, and it was concluded that a relationship between total levels and egg numbers per leaf could be established. -
3 Message from the Chairperson's
Index 04 Message from the Chairperson’s Desk 05 Coconut sector needs Industry led 09 growth strategy Tender coconut water, VCO and Coconut sugar are the emerging products with positive growth rate: Uron Salum Kalpa Krunch An ode to the 16 Ready-To-Eat Snack Goodness of coconut R. Pandiselvam, M.R. Manikantan, 14 Shameena Beegum, A.C. Mathew, and Vindu N S.V. Ramesh Adulteration in Coconut and Virgin Coconut Coconut Fibre: 19 Oil: Implications and Detection Methods A high Dietary Fibre 26 V.G. Mathirajan, A. Karthikeyan and N. Chitra Source Invasion of the Palm infesting 35 Neotropical Whitefly in Coconut 23 Selvaraj, K., Sundararaj, R and Sumalatha, B.V N 30 e Cultivation Practices for Coconut - December w Market C. Thamban, P. Subramanian, Joseph Rajkumar and S. Jayasekhar Review 25 s Indian Coconut Journal 3 November 2019 C Smt. G Jayalakshmi IAS assumes Charge as Chairman, Coconut Development Board Smt. G Jayalakshmi IAS, Director General, National Institute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM) Hyderabad assumed the additional charge of Chairperson, Coconut Development Board. She is a 1995 batch IAS officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre. Presently she is also holding the additional charge of Director General, MANAGE, Hyderabad. Smt. Usha Rani IAS relinquished charge of Chairman, Coconut Development Board Smt. Usha Rani IAS relinquished the charge of Chairman, Coconut Development Board. She is repatriated to her parent cadre of Government of Andhra Pradesh. 4 Indian Coconut Journal C November 2019 Message from the Chairperson’s Desk Dear readers, Hearty Greetings from Coconut Development Board It is indeed a matter of great happiness for me to take charge as the Chairperson of Coconut Development Board. -
(Encarsia Formosa) Whitefly Parasite
SHEET 210 - ENCARSIA Encarsia (Encarsia formosa) Whitefly Parasite Target pests Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Silverleaf whitefly (Bemesia argentifolia) Sweet potato whitefly (Bemesia tabaci) Description ‘Encarsia’ is a tiny parasitic wasp that parasitizes whiteflies. It was the first biological control agent developed for use in greenhouses. • Adults are black with yellow abdomen, less than 1 mm (1/20 inch) long (they do not sting). • Larval stages live entirely inside immature whiteflies, which darken and turn black as the parasites develop inside. Use as Biological Control • Encarsia are effective controls for greenhouse whitefly on greenhouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and poinsettias (for information on whiteflies, see Sheet 310). • They can control silverleaf/sweet potato whitefly, but only under optimum management using high release rates. • Optimum conditions are temperatures over 20°C (68°F), high light levels (7300 lux) and relative humidity 50-70%. When daytime temperatures are less than 18°C (64°F) Encarsia activity is sharply reduced, making them less effective. • Do not attempt to use Encarsia if high whitefly populations are already established. • The predatory beetle Delphastus avoids feeding on the whiteflies that have been parasitized by Encarsia and Delphastus adults also feed on whitefly eggs therefore they can be used with Encarsia (for information on Delphastus, see Sheet 215). • The predatory bug, Dicyphus hesperus may be used with Encarsia. • The parasitic wasp Eretmocerus californicus may also be used with Encarsia. Monitoring Tips Check the undersides of lower leaves for parasitized whitefly scales. They turn black (for greenhouse whitefly) or transparent brown (for sweet potato whitefly) so are easy to tell from unparasitized scales, which are whitish. -
Report 2019-2020
All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests AICRP on Biological Control Compiled and edited by G. Sivakumar Richa Varshney M. Sampath Kumar Amala Udayakumar K. Selvaraj A. Kandan T. Venkatesan Jagadeesh Patil G. Mahendiran Omprakash Navik Veeresh Kumar M. Mohan Chandish R. Ballal ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources P.B. No. 2491 , H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bengaluru-560024 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests Annual Progress Report 2019-2020 Compiled and edited by G. Sivakumar Richa Varshney M. Sampath Kumar Amala Udayakumar K. Selvaraj A. Kandan T. Venkatesan Jagadeesh Patil G. Mahendiran Omprakash Navik Veeresh Kumar M. Mohan Chandish R. Ballal ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru 560 024 1 2 5 3 6 4 Cover page 1. Trichogramma chilonis 2. Final instar larva of fall armyworm 3. NPV infected fall armyworm larva 4. Chelonus sp. larva 5. Parasitized fall armyworm eggs 6. Adult moths of fall armyworm Photo credits: Photographs 1,2, 5 and 6- Dr Omprakash Navik; 3- Dr G. Sivakumar; 4 – Dr A.N. Shylesha Copyright © Director, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 2020 This publication is in copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the Director, NBAIR, Bengaluru except for brief quotations, duly acknowledged, -
A Host–Parasitoid Model for Aspidiotus Rigidus (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Comperiella Calauanica (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Environmental Entomology, 48(1), 2019, 134–140 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy150 Advance Access Publication Date: 27 October 2018 Biological Control - Parasitoids and Predators Research A Host–Parasitoid Model for Aspidiotus rigidus (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Comperiella calauanica (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Dave I. Palen,1,5 Billy J. M. Almarinez,2 Divina M. Amalin,2 Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi,3 and Guido David4 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-abstract/48/1/134/5145966 by guest on 21 February 2019 1University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, Tacloban City, Philippines, 2BCRU-CENSER, Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, 3Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 4Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, and 5Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Darrell Ross Received 31 March 2018; Editorial decision 10 September 2018 Abstract The outbreak of the coconut scale insect Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Encyrtidae) posed a serious threat to the coconut industry in the Philippines. In this article, we modeled the interaction between A. rigidus and its parasitoid Comperiella calauanica Barrion, Almarinez, Amalin (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) using a system of ordinary differential equations based on a Holling type III functional response. The equilibrium points were determined, and their local stability was examined. Numerical simulations showed that C. calauanica may control the population density of A. rigidus below the economic injury level. Key words: modeling, biological control—parasitoids and predators, host–parasitoid interactions Pest infestation has been a problem since the beginning of agricul- The use of a natural enemy to control pest outbreak is highly ture. -
Investigation on the Relationship Between Morphological And
agronomy Communication Investigation on the Relationship between Morphological and Anatomical Characteristic of Savoy Cabbage and Kale Leaves and Infestation by Cabbage Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L.) Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska 1,* , Grazyna˙ Soika 2 , Wojciech Warabieda 2 , Urszula Kowalska 1 and Dariusz Rybczy ´nski 2 1 Department of Applied Biology, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Plant Protection against Pests, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (D.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The cabbage whitefly (CW), Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an im- portant pest in Brassica oleracea L. crops. Little is known about the mechanisms of resistance to CW of savoy cabbage and kale cultivars. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to determine the relationship between the morphological and anatomical features of savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L.) leaves and host suitability to col- onization by CW. Two kale cultivars, “Redbor” and “Starbor”, and two savoy cabbage cultivars, “Gloriosa” and “Alcosa”, that differed in the degree of infestation by A. proletella were taken for Citation: Marasek-Ciolakowska, A.; histological analysis. The lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella was observed on savoy Soika, G.; Warabieda, W.; Kowalska, cabbage cultivar “Alcosa” and kale cultivar “Starbor”. -
XII Dr. S. Pradhan Memorial Lecture Entomofauna, Ecosystem And
XII Dr. S. Pradhan Memorial Lecture September 28, 2020 Entomofauna, Ecosystem and Economics by Dr. Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NEW DELHI- 110012 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE PATRON Dr. A. K. Singh, Director, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi CONVENER Dr. Debjani Dey, Head (Actg.), Division of Entomology MEMBERS Dr. H. R. Sardana, Director, ICAR-NCIPM, New Delhi Dr. Subhash Chander, Professor & Principal Scientist Dr. Bishwajeet Paul, Principal Scientist Dr. Naresh M. Meshram, Senior Scientist Mrs. Rajna S, Scientist Dr. Bhagyasree S N, Scientist Dr. S R Sinha, CTO Shri Sushil Kumar, AAO (Member Secretary) XIII Dr. S. Pradhan Memorial Lecture September 28, 2020 Entomofauna, Ecosystem and Economics by Dr. Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NEW DELHI- 110012 Dr. S. Pradhan May 13, 1913 - February 6, 1973 4 Dr. S. Pradhan - A Profile Dr. S. Pradhan, a doyen among entomologists, during his 33 years of professional career made such an impact on entomological research and teaching that Entomology and Plant Protection Science in India came to the forefront of agricultural research. His success story would continue to enthuse Plant Protection Scientists of the country for generations to come. The Beginning Shyam Sunder Lal Pradhan had a humble beginning. He was born on May 13, 1913, at village Dihwa in Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh. He came from a middle class family. His father, Shri Gur Prasad Pradhan, was a village level officer of the state Government having five sons and three daughters.