DOCSLIB.ORG

The Utility of the Farmer Field School As a Platform for Communication and Partnership in Agricultural Research and Development in Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Utility of the Farmer Field School As a Platform for Communication and Partnership in Agricultural Research and Development in Vietnam The utility of the farmer field school as a platform for communication and partnership in agricultural research and development in Vietnam Oleg Nicetic BSc Horticulture Honours, MSc A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Communication and Arts Abstract This thesis explores the Farmer Field School (FFS) model as a platform for adaptive research, experiential learning and communication amongst multiple stakeholders. The inquiry focused on FFS programs that were implemented from 2001 to 2010 in three sequential projects funded by AusAID CARD. Over 5,000 farmers and 300 extension officers from 16 different provinces in North, Central and Mekong Delta regions of Vietnam were trained in citrus integrated crop management and good agricultural practices using season-long FFS curricula comprising 21 sessions. At an empirical level, the inquiry concentrated on the utility of the FFS platform for development and implementation of good agricultural practices, and at a conceptual level as a utility for farmer education through experiential learning and participatory research. The research presented in this thesis explores the effects of the FFS model that was not utilised as extension in the form of technology transfer, but rather as a platform for adult learning, changing tutelage to an active discovery process and empowering farmers by developing their critical thinking and analytical and decision-making skills. In addition to the effects on farmers, the thesis also explored the impacts of the FFS programs on other stakeholders, including researchers, extension officers, local government officials and private industry. The research was based on the sustainable livelihood framework and utilised quantitative and qualitative methods, making connections between the outcomes and processes and drawing a distinction between intervention and its effects. The strength of the methodology streamed from the multiple perceptions presented to clarify and verify observations and interpretations, allowing triangulation. The theoretical framework looks at development theories and how they shaped agricultural research and extension over the past century, and explored the paradox of sustainability of agricultural practices and rural development in the context of a globalised capitalist world that implies unsustainable consumption and growth. A short history and political context of rural development in Vietnam is presented and the causality between the collective agriculture, land ownership and impacts of FFS on collective action is presented. The Vietnamese citrus industry was portrayed based on secondary data and results of the current research. Farmers’ knowledge about pests and disease as well as their skills to manage citrus production significantly improved as a result of participation in FFS. Changes in knowledge i and skills resulted in changes in practices, that included reduction of pesticide sprays, judicious use of less disruptive pesticides and a substantial increase in the use of compost and the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma for control of phytophthora root rot disease. This had a positive impact on the number of beneficial insects in the citrus orchards, and farmers also claimed an increased number of fish in canals surrounding the orchards. These changes of practices in many cases resulted in increased farmers’ net income due to one or more of the following factors: reduction in input costs, increase in yield and improved fruit quality. The majority of farmers started keeping records of inputs they used and income from the sale of citrus, which allowed them to make informed decisions about their choice of inputs. Participation in FFS increased farmers’ self-esteem, strengthened their networks and improved their social standing within their community. The results show that the FFS model provided utility to a variety of stakeholders to achieve their objectives. The utility of FFS for the funding body was the stimulation of rural development through improving smallholders’ knowledge and skills, resulting in changes in practices through the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM), and later Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). For the Plant Protection Department, FFS had multiple utilities: it was used to build the capacity of their staff through training and action research; it provided financial and knowledge support to produce extension materials; it served as a platform to strengthen and extend their networks with research institutions, local government, pesticide companies and NGOs; and it gave them the opportunity to take a lead role in MARD-sponsored GAP implementation in citrus, which they would consider as prestigious. For Vietnamese and Australian researchers, it provided an excellent platform for communication and participatory research in citrus IPM. This research led to the formulation of location-specific integrated crop management strategies. Even more importantly, it provided the researchers with opportunities to experience the citrus farming system as a whole and led them to acknowledge the need for transdisciplinarity. The local government officials saw FFS as a utility for development. For government officials, developmental impacts are powerful proof of their efficacy which they can use to legitimise their positions to the smallholders who are their main constituency. The results and arguments presented in this thesis challenge the notion that the FFS model is fiscally unsustainable, by demonstrating the versatile utility of FFS as a platform for experiential learning, participatory research and multi-stakeholder engagement. ii Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis. iii Publications during candidature Peer reviewed Conference Papers. Nicetic, O., Rae, D.J., and van de Fliert, E. (2010). From knowing it all to learning to engage – Experiences from Australian interventions in agricultural research and development in Vietnam. 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4‐7 July 2010, Vienna (Austria) pp. 573-584. http://ifsa.boku.ac.at/cms/fileadmin/Proceeding2010/2010_WS1.6_Nicetic.pdf Nicetic, O., van de Fliert, E., Ho, V.C., Vo, M. and Le, C. (2010). Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) as a vehicle for transformation to sustainable citrus production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4‐7 July 2010, Vienna (Austria) pp. 1893-1901. http://ifsa.boku.ac.at/cms/fileadmin/Proceeding2010/2010_WS4.4_Nicetic.pdf Publications included in this thesis Nicetic, O., Rae, D.J., and van de Fliert, E. (2010). From knowing it all to learning to engage – Experiences from Australian interventions in agricultural research and development in Vietnam. 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4‐7 July 2010, Vienna (Austria) pp. 573-584 – incorporated as Chapter 4. Contributor Statement of contribution Developed concept of the paper (100%) Nicetic, O. Wrote the paper (90%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (80%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (15%) Rae, D.J. Wrote and edited paper (5%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (5%) van de Fliert, E. Wrote and edited paper (5%) iv Nicetic, O., van de Fliert, E., Ho, V.C., Vo, M. and Le, C. (2010). Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) as a vehicle for transformation to sustainable citrus production in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. 9th European IFSA Symposium, 4‐7 July 2010, Vienna (Austria) pp. 1893-1901. – incorporated as Chapter 6. Contributor Statement of contribution Developed concept of the paper (100%) Nicetic, O. Wrote the paper (95%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (80%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (5%) van de Fliert, E. Wrote and edited paper (5%) Collect, analyse and discuss information (5%) Ho, V.C Collect, analyse and discuss information (5%) Vo, M. Collect, analyse and discuss information (5%) Le, C. v Contributions by others to the thesis Dr Debbie J. Rae Contributed to the design of evaluation methods and interpretation of data for CARD project 036/04 presented in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thị Trường Argentina
    Annex 1 LIST OF VIETNAM FISHERY ESTABLISMENTS REGISTERING EXPORT TO ARGENTINA (Updated on 06 August 2021) No. Code Name of establishment Address Type of product Canning Factory - Special Aquatic Products B23/63 Hoang Phan Thai street, Binh 1 DH 137 Joint Stock Company Chanh ward, Ho Chi Minh Canned (SEASPIMEX-VIETNAM) city Hamlet 1, Nhut Chanh village, Ben Luc Foodtech Joint Stock Company (FOODTECH 2 DH 174 district, Long An Canned tuna JSC) province Road A, lot E, Binh Chieu industrial 3 DH 226 EVERWIN INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. zone, Thu Duc district, Canned Ho Chi Minh city DH 335 Tac Cau fishing port industrial zone, Canned Kien Giang joint stock Foodstuff Canning Binh An village, Chau Thanh district, 4 Company (KIFOCAN) Kien Giang province DH 528 National road 80, ward 2, Hoa Phu Canned hamlet, Mong Tho commune, Chau 5 HUONG GIANG CO., LTD Thanh district, Kien Giang province Tac Cau fishing port, Binh An KTC CANNED FOODSTUFF 6 DH 755 commune, Chau Thanh district, Canned MANUFACTORY (KTCFOOD) Kien Giang province Factory No.2 - Special Aquatic Products Joint B23/63 Hoang Phan Thai street, Binh 7 DL 02 Stock Company Chanh ward, Ho Chi Minh Frozen (SEASPIMEX-VIETNAM) city No. A38/II 2D Street, Vinh Loc Industrial Zone, Binh Hung Hoa ward, Binh Tan SEAPRODUCTS JOINT STOCK COMPANY 8 DL 05 district, Ho Chi Minh city Frozen No.5 (VIETROSCO) An Giang fisheries import - export joint stock 1234 Tran Hung Dao street, Long 9 DL 07 company, Factory 7 (AGIFISH Xuyen city, An Giang province Frozen CO.) An Giang Fisheries Import - Export Joint National road 91, An Chau town, Chau 10 DL 08 Stock Company, Factory 8 Thanh district, An Giang Frozen (AGIFISH CO.) province 2222 Tran Hung Dao street, Binh Duc 11 DL 09 Frozen Factory AGF 9 ward, Long Xuyen city, An Frozen Giang province National road 80, Binh Phu Quoi 12 DL 101 K&K Aquafish Imex company limited hamlet, Binh Thanh village, Lap Frozen Vo district, Dong Thap province DL 103F 125/208 Luong The Vinh street, Tan Thoi Factory No.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agaristinae) on Lombok Island (Indonesia) with a Checklist of the Agaristinae of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok (Plate 58) By
    Esperiana Band 15: 387-392 Schwanfeld, 12. Januar 2010 ISBN 978-3-938249-10-9 Mimeusemia morinakai KISHIDA, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agaristinae) on Lombok Island (Indonesia) with a checklist of the Agaristinae of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok (Plate 58) by Ulf BUCHSBAUM Summary Mimeusemia morinakai KISHIDA, 1995 is recorded for the first time on Lombok Island (Indonesia). The author presents an overview of the collecting site and the collecting methodology. Moreover, a checklist of the Agraristinae of the Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok is given. Zusammenfassung Mimeusemia morinakai KISHIDA, 1995 wird erstmals von Lombok (Indonesien) nachgewiesen. Der Autor gibt einen Überblick zum Fundort und beschreibt das Biototop und die Sammelmethodik. Außerdem wird eine Checkliste der Agaristinae der Inseln Sumatra, Java, Bali und Lombok zusammengestellt. key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Agaristinae, Mimeusemia morinakai KISHIDA, 1995, biotops, distribution, female genitalia, checklist, Indonesia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok Introduction Surprisingly very few details about the Insect fauna and especially the Lepidoptera of the Indonesian Islands Bali and Lombok are known. During a trip in December 2003 and January 2004 the author collected on these two islands at various places. In the last years KISHIDA (1992a, 1992b, 1993, 1995, 2000a, 2000b, 2001 & 2003) worked very intensively with Agaristinae and also with the genus Mimeusemia BUTLER, 1875. Some years earlier KIRIAKOFF (1977) published a systematic monography of the Palaearctic and Oriental Agaristinae. Additionally RABENSTEIN & SPEIDEL (1995) reported some details of the life history and biology of some Agaristinae species. It is quite well known that some species of Agaristinae send acoustic contacs and set territoriality signals (ALCOCK et al.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    NATIONAL POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION SOUTHERN POWER PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD ------------------------------- Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) Public Disclosure Authorized TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY PROJECT (TEP) SUBPROJECT: IMPROVEMENT AND UPGRADING OF THE CAO LANH - THOT NOT 220KV TRANSMISSION LINE Public Disclosure Authorized PREPARED BY POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTING JOINT STOCK COMPANY 3 Public Disclosure Authorized Ho Chi Minh city, December 2014 Transmission Efficiency Project, Subproject: “Improvement and upgrading of the Cao Lanh - Thot Not 220kV Transmission Line” ABBREVIATION: AP : Affected person AH : Affected household CSC : Construction Supervision Consultant EMP : Environmental Management Plan EMF : Environmental Management Framework EVN : Electricity of Vietnam DONRE : Department of Natural Resources and Environment DPC : District People’s Committee GOV : Government Km : Kilometer MONRE : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NPT : National Power Transmission Corporation PECC3 : Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 3 PPC : Provincial People's Committee PTC4 : Power Transmission Company No.4 SIMC : Safeguard Independent Monitor SPPMB : Southern Power Project Management Board SS : Substation ROW : Right of way RP : Resettlement Plan TEP : Transmission Efficiency Project T/L : Transmission line WB : World Bank Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 3 1 Transmission Efficiency Project, Subproject: “Improvement and upgrading of the Cao Lanh - Thot Not 220kV Transmission
    [Show full text]
  • The Debate Over Vietnam's Latest Land Reforms
    land Article From “Land to the Tiller” to the “New Landlords”? The Debate over Vietnam’s Latest Land Reforms Phuc To 1,*, Sango Mahanty 1 and Andrew Wells-Dang 2 1 Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia 2 Oxfam International, 22 Le Dai Hanh, Hai Bai Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 July 2019; Accepted: 29 July 2019; Published: 2 August 2019 Abstract: Between Vietnam’s independence and its reunification in 1975, the country’s socialist land tenure system was underpinned by the principle of “land to the tiller”. During this period, government redistributed land to farmers that was previously owned by landlords. The government’s “egalitarian” approach to land access was central to the mass support that it needed during the Indochinese war. Even when the 1993 Land Law transitioned agricultural land from collectivized to household holdings with 20-year land use certificates, the “land to the tiller” principle remained largely sacrosanct in state policy. Planned amendments to the current Land Law (issued in 2013), however, propose a fundamental shift from “land to the tiller” to the concentration of land by larger farming concerns, including private sector investors. This is explained as being necessary for the modernization of agricultural production. The government’s policy narrative concerning this change emphasizes the need to overcome the low productivity that arises from land fragmentation, the prevalence of unskilled labor and resource shortages among smallholders. This is contrasted with the readily available resources and capacity of the private sector, together with opportunities for improved market access and high-tech production systems, if holdings were consolidated by companies.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Techniques
    Cultural Techniques Cultural Techniques Assembling Spaces, Texts & Collectives Edited by Jörg Dünne, Kathrin Fehringer, Kristina Kuhn, and Wolfgang Struck We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-064456-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-064704-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-064534-7 DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110647044 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. For details go to: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020939337 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 Jörg Dünne, Kathrin Fehringer, Kristina Kuhn, and Wolfgang Struck, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: porpeller/iStock/Getty Images Plus Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Contents Jörg Dünne, Kathrin Fehringer, Kristina Kuhn, and Wolfgang Struck Introduction 1 Spaces Tom Ullrich Working on Barricades and Boulevards: Cultural Techniques of Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Paris 23 Jörg Dünne Cultural Techniques and Founding Fictions 47 Wolfgang Struck A Message in a Bottle 61 Gabriele Schabacher Waiting: Cultural Techniques, Media, and Infrastructures 73 Christoph Eggersglüß Orthopedics by the Roadside: Spikes and Studs as Devices of Social Normalization 87 Hannah Zindel Ballooning: Aeronautical Techniques from Montgolfier to Google 107 Texts/Bodies Bernhard Siegert Attached: The Object and the Collective 131 Michael Cuntz Monturen/montures: On Riding, Dressing, and Wearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Mạng Lưới Giao Tiền Tại
    LOCATIONS AND TIME FOR HOME DELIVERY SERVICE ĐỊA ĐIỂM VÀ THỜI GIAN CUNG CẤP DỊCH VỤ GIAO TIỀN TẠI NHÀ Distrist Ward Time No Town Village (Date) 1 HO CHI MINH CITY Wards: Cau Kho, Co Giang, Nguyen Cu Trinh, Cau Ong Lanh, Tan Dinh, Ben Nghe, Ben District 1 1 Thanh, Pham Ngu Lao, Nguyen Thai Binh, Da Kao Wards: Binh An, An Khanh, Cat Lai, Thu Thiem, An Loi Dong, Binh Khanh, Thao Dien, District 2 1 Thanh My Loi, Binh Trung Dong, Binh Trung Tay, An Phu District 3 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 1 District 4 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 1 District 5 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 1 District 6 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 1 Wards: Tan Quy, Tan Hung, Tan Phu, Binh Thuan, Phu Thuan, Phu My, Tan Thuan Tay, District 7 1 Tan Kieng, Tan Thuan Dong, Tan Phong District 8 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 1 Wards: Long Thanh My, Phuoc Long B, Phuoc Long A, Phu Huu, Tang Nhon Phu A, Tang District 9 Nhon Phu B, Long Phuoc, Long Truong, Hiep Phu, Phuoc Binh, Truong Thanh, Long Binh, 1 Tan Phu District 10 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 1 District 11 Wards: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 1 Wards: Tan Thoi Nhat, Thanh Loc, Hiep Thanh, Trung My Tay, Dong Hung Thuan, Thoi District 12 1 An, Tan Thoi Hiep, Thanh Xuan, An Phu Dong, Tan Chanh Hiep.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercial Name of Establishment Mã Số
    LIST OF VIETNAMESE FISHERY PROCESSING ESTABLISHMENTS AUTHORIZED FOR EXPORT TO TAIWAN Mã số/ STT/No Tên doanh nghiệp/ Commercial name of establishment Approval Địa chỉ/Address number Công ty Cổ phần XNK Thuỷ sản Quảng Ninh/ Quang Ninh 35 Bến Tàu, thành phố Hạ Long, tỉnh Quảng Ninh/ 35 Ben Tau street, Ha 1 TS 41 Seaproducts Import - Export Company Long city, Quang Ninh province Công ty cổ phần xuất nhập khẩu thủy sản Nam Hà Tĩnh/ South KCN Vũng Áng, huyện Kỳ Anh, tỉnh Hà Tĩnh/ Vung Ang industrial zone, 2 Ha Tinh Seaproduct Import & Export Joint Stock company - DL 45 Ky Anh district, Ha Tinh province SHATICO Công ty XNK thuỷ sản Thanh Hoá/ Thanh Hoa fishery import - Lô E, Khu công nghiệp Lễ Môn, thành phố Thanh Hoá, tỉnh Thanh Hoá / 3 DL 47 export joint stock company (HASUVIMEX) Lot E, Le Mon industrial zone, Thanh Hoa city, Thanh Hoa province Công ty cổ phần XK Thuỷ sản 2 Quảng Ninh / Quang Ninh Xóm 7, đường 10, thị trấn Quảng Yên, Huyện Yên Hưng, tỉnh Quảng Ninh/ 4 Aquatic Products Export Joint Stock Company No 2 DL 49 Hamlet 7, road 10, Quang Yen town, Yen Hung district, Quang Ninh (Aquapexco) province Chi nhánh Công ty Cổ phần XNK thuỷ sản Hà Nội - Xí nghiệp chế biến thuỷ sản Xuân Thuỷ / Branch of Ha Noi Seaproducts Xã Xuân Vinh, huyện Xuân Trường, tỉnh Nam Định / Xuan Vinh village, 5 DL 55 Import Export joint stock Corporation (SEAPRODEX HANOI) Xuan Truong district, Nam Dinh province - Xuan Thuy Seaproducts processing Factory Công ty Cổ phần dịch vụ và xuất nhập khẩu Hạ Long - Xưởng Chế biến xuất khẩu Hạ Long/Halong Service and 409
    [Show full text]
  • The Vartian Collection Part I. Noctuoidea. Fibigeriana
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Plate 1: 1. Dudusa nobilis; 2. Anticyra combusta; 3—4. Cerura vinula; 5—6. C. iberica; 7-8. C. delavoiei delavoiei; 9—11. C. delavoiei canariensis; 12—13. C. intermedia. 12 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Plate 102: 1—2. Dryobotodes carbonis europaea; 3—4. D. tenebrosa; 5. Blepharosis paspa; 6—7. B. grumi; 8—9. Bryopolia chamaeleon; 10—11. B. holosericea; 12—13. B. tsvetaevi; 14—15. B. virescens; 15. Bryoxena constricta; 16—17. B.tribulis; 18—20. B. centralasiae; 21—22. B. boursini; 23—26. Antitype chi; 27—28. A. jonis; 29—30. A. suda suda; 31—32. A. suda astfaelleri. 123 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Plate 30: 1—2. Zanclognatha zelleralis; 3. Hydrillodes repugnalis; 4. Plusiodonta coelonota; 5. Oresia emarginata; 6. O. excavata; 7—8. Calyptra thalictri thalictri; 9—10. C. thalictri pallida; 11. C. hokkaida; 12. Eudocima okurai; 13. E. materna; 14—15. E. falonia; 16—17. Hypenodes humidalis; 18—19. H. orientalis; 20. H. turcomanica; 21. Schrankia balneorum; 22. S. costaestrigalis costaestrigalis; 23—24. S. costaestrigalis ssp. from Canary Islands; 25—26. S. taenialis; 27—28. Neachrostia kasyi; 29—30. Parascotia robiginosa. 1234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 16 15 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Plate 58: 1—2.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Poetics: Or, How James Grainger's
    “Insect Poetics: Or, How James Grainger’s Fraught Personifications Presage Enlightenments Not Taken” M. Allewaert, University of Wisconsin-Madison Abstract: Tracking the insectophilia of James Grainger’s The Sugar-Cane, this article charts two modes of personification in the eighteenth century: metropolitan personification, which focused on animating affects and worked to connect diversity into systems, and colonial personification (or insect poetics), which focused on partiality and worked to disconnect systems, casting partitioning as the prelude to organization. While the metropolitan mode of personification is entirely in keeping with Enlightenment thought, Grainger’s insect poetics develops from within it yet is neither part of the Enlightenment nor of modernity that followed on it. This untimely insect poetics is apposite to our own time. I. i Since the recuperation to the canon of Scottish-born poet and physician James Grainger’s work, scholars have concentrated on Book 4 of his West Indian neogeorgic The Sugar-Cane (1764) as the portion of his oeuvre with the most contemporary relevance. Here Grainger finally turns from discussions of what seem entirely prosaic topics like the care of West-Indian soil (Book 1), threats to the cane crop (Book 2), and the conversion of raw material to commodities (Book 3) to take up a problem that if it strikes readers as equally unpoetic is at least of interest to twenty-first-century audiences. Here in Book 4 the poem focuses on the African-born slave population that cultivated the sugar crop, a topic relevant to scholars working to track the lives of those subjected within an emerging modernity.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand (India)
    OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 359 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Taxonomic Studies of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand (India) S. SAMBATH Zoo/ogital SUfV9 of India, Central Zone &tional Centre, Jabalpur482002, M~a Pradesh Edited by the Director, Zoological SUfV~ of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey ~~:~~n Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Sam bath, S. 2014. Taxonomic Studies of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand (India). Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No., 359 : 1-103+23 Plates. (published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : May, 2014 ISBN 978-81-8171-366-7 © Gout. of India, 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted In any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other "means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 750.00 Foreign : $ 40; f, 30 Published at the Publication Division by the Director ZoologicaJ'"'Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipor, Kolkata - 700053 and printed at Paramount Publishing House, New Delhi - 110002. RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER NO.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Reform in Central and Eastern Europe After 1989 and Its Outcome in the Form of Farm Structures and Land Fragmentation
    Land Tenure Working Paper 24 Land reform in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 and its outcome in the form of farm structures and land fragmentation Morten Hartvigsen ORBICON 2013 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Land reform in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 and its outcome in the form of farm structures and land fragmentation Morten Hartvigsen ORBICON 2013 Photograph on the cover: Popovo Polje, Bosnia and Herzegovina Photography: Morten Hartvigsen The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. Land reform and fragmentation in Central and Eastern Europe Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank Attila Blenesi-Dima, Vilma Daugaliene, Katja Dells, Richard Eberlin, David Egiashvili, Stig Enemark, Vladimir Evtimov, Maxim Gorgan, Jolanta Gorska, Niels Otto Haldrup, Evelin Jürgenson, Diana Kopeva, Zoran Knezevic, Anka Lisec, Stevan Marosan, Andras Ossko, David Palmer, Daiga Parsova, Dace Platonova, Ana Budanko Penavic, Audrius Petkevicius, Kiril Stoyanov, Esben Munk Sørensen and others for providing very useful information and for comments and review.
    [Show full text]
  • Second International Conference Agricultural
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND ,,INTERNATIONAL . CONFERENCE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS HELD AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA; NEW YORK, AUGUST 18 TO AUGUST 29, 1930 U:l]e <Gollegiatc lgress GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY MENASHA, WISCONSIN 1930 ~~'111"/ ~~-:µ. a-r~_.._... ffi~,-<-- e+,,(tc c Zt irvt-A_, ~, ,..__ f" ~ 7ft..-:'/.. ~ ... .v. THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE U.S.S.R. LEON KRITSMAN AGRARIAN INSTITU.TE, Moscow, U.S.S.R. AGRICULTURE-at least one of its basic branches, grain culture fl_ -is at present undergoing a technical revolution, the main feature of which consists in the replacement of live draft power (horses and oxen), by mechanical power (the tractor, automobile, and truck). The change in agriculture from the horse to the trac­ tor is somewhat analogous to that which took place in industry over a century ago when man-power was replaced by the steam engine. Of course, the analogy is not absolute, since, in the first place, the tractor has not been as universally adopted as the steam engine, and, in the second place--and this is even more important -the change in agriculture to the tractor is less striking than the transition to the steam engine in industry, for the following rea­ sons: ( 1) in agriculture the change is not from man to machine, but from a considerably higher power unit, the horse and ox; (2) the tractor is quite limited as compared with the steam engine in its possibilities of concentrating motive power. It' is for this reason that in agriculture the replacement of the tractor by electric power will proceed at a much quicker pace than was the case in industry with steam motive power.
    [Show full text]