Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors

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Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors home - about - terms - credits - feedback » The Physics Classroom » Physics Tutorial » Reflection and Ray Model of Light Reflection and Ray Model of Light - Lesson 3 Concave Mirrors The Anatomy of a Curved Mirror | Reflection of Light and Image Formation Physics Tutorial Two Rules of Reflection for Concave Mirrors | Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors | The Mirror Equation - Concave Mirrors 1-D Kinematics Spherical Aberration Newton's Laws Vectors - Motion and Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors Forces in Two Previously in Lesson 3, ray diagrams were constructed in order to determine the general location, size, orientation, and Dimensions type of image formed by concave mirrors. Perhaps you noticed that there is a definite relationship between the image Momentum and Its characteristics and the location where an object placed in front of a concave mirror. The purpose of this portion of the Conservation lesson is to summarize these object-image relationships - to practice the L•O•S•T art of image description. We wish to Work, Energy, and describe the characteristics of the image for any given object location. The L of L•O•S•T represents the relative location. Power The O of L•O•S•T represents the orientation (either upright or inverted). The S of L•O•S•T represents the relative size Circular Motion and (either magnified, reduced or the same size as the object). And the T of L•O•S•T represents the type of image (either Satellite Motion real or virtual). The best means of summarizing this relationship between object location and Thermal Physics image characteristics is to divide the possible object locations into five general areas or points: Static Electricity Case 1: the object is located beyond the center of curvature (C) Current Electricity Case 2: the object is located at the center of curvature (C) Waves Case 3: the object is located between the center of curvature (C) and the focal point (F) Sound Waves and Music Case 4: the object is located at the focal point (F) Light Waves and Color Case 5: the object is located in front of the focal point (F) Reflection and Ray Model of Light Refraction and Ray Case 1: The object is located beyond C Model of Light When the object is located at a location beyond the center of curvature, the image will always be Minds on Physics located somewhere in between the center of curvature and the focal point. Regardless of exactly The Calculator Pad where the object is located, the image will be located in the specified region. In this case, the image will be an inverted image. That is to say, if the object is right side up, then the image is Multimedia Studios upside down. In this case, the image is reduced in size; in other words, the image dimensions are Shockwave Studios smaller than the object dimensions. If the object is a six-foot tall person, then the image is less The Review Session than six feet tall. Earlier in Lesson 2, the term magnification was introduced; the magnification is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object. In this case, the absolute value of the magnification is less than 1. Finally, the Physics Help image is a real image. Light rays actually converge at the image location. If a sheet of paper were placed at the image Curriculum Corner location, the actual replica of the object would appear projected upon the sheet of paper. The Laboratory Case 2: The object is located at C When the object is located at the center of curvature, the image will also be located at the center of curvature. In this case, the image will be inverted (i.e., a right side up object results in an upside-down image). The image dimensions are equal to the object dimensions. A six-foot tall person would have an image that is six feet tall; the absolute value of the magnification is equal to 1. Finally, the image is a real image. Light rays actually converge at the image location. As such, the image of the object could be projected upon a sheet of paper. Case 3: The object is located between C and F When the object is located in front of the center of curvature, the image will be located beyond the center of curvature. Regardless of exactly where the object is located between C and F, the image will be located somewhere beyond the center of curvature. In this case, the image will be inverted (i.e., a right side up object results in an upside-down image). The image dimensions are larger than the object dimensions. A six-foot tall person would have an image that is larger than six feet tall; the absolute value of the magnification is greater than 1. Finally, the image is a real image. Light rays actually converge at the image location. As such, the image of the object could be projected upon a sheet of paper. Case 4: The object is located at F When the object is located at the focal point, no image is formed. As discussed earlier in Lesson 3, light rays from the same point on the object will reflect off the mirror and neither converge nor diverge. After reflecting, the light rays are traveling parallel to each other and do not result in the http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L3e.cfm[12/10/2010 2:36:11 PM] Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors formation of an image. Case 5: The object is located in front of F When the object is located at a location beyond the focal point, the image will always be located somewhere on the opposite side of the mirror. Regardless of exactly where in front of F the object is located, the image will always be located behind the mirror. In this case, the image will be an upright image. That is to say, if the object is right side up, then the image will also be right side up. In this case, the image is magnified; in other words, the image dimensions are greater than the object dimensions. A six-foot tall person would have an image that is larger than six feet tall; the magnification is greater than 1. Finally, the image is a virtual image. Light rays from the same point on the object reflect off the mirror and diverge upon reflection. For this reason, the image location can only be found by extending the reflected rays backwards beyond the mirror. The point of their intersection is the virtual image location. It would appear to any observer as though light from the object were diverging from this location. Any attempt to project such an image upon a sheet of paper would fail since light does not actually pass through the image location. It might be noted from the above descriptions that there is a relationship between the object distance and object size and the image distance and image size. Starting from a large value, as the object distance decreases (i.e., the object is moved closer to the mirror), the image distance increases; meanwhile, the image height increases. At the center of curvature, the object distance equals the image distance and the object height equals the image height. As the object distance approaches one focal length, the image distance and image height approaches infinity. Finally, when the object distance is equal to exactly one focal length, there is no image. Then altering the object distance to values less than one focal length produces images that are upright, virtual and located on the opposite side of the mirror. Finally, if the object distance approaches 0, the image distance approaches 0 and the image height ultimately becomes equal to the object height. These patterns are depicted in the diagram below. Nine different object locations are drawn and labeled with a number; the corresponding image locations are drawn in blue and labeled with the identical number. Check Your Understanding 1. Compare and contrast the images formed by concave and plane mirrors. 2. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to form a real image. 3. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to form a virtual image. 4. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to produce an upright image. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L3e.cfm[12/10/2010 2:36:11 PM] Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors 5. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to produce an inverted image. 6. Are all real images larger than the object? 7. The famous Chinese magician, Foo Ling Yu, conducts a classic magic trick utilizing a concave mirror with a focal length of 1.6 m. Foo Ling Yu is able to use the mirror in such a manner as to produce an image of a light bulb at the same location and of the same size as the actual light bulb itself. Use complete sentences to explain how Foo is able to accomplish this magic trick. Be specific about the light bulb location. Next Section: The Mirror Equation - Concave Mirrors Jump To Lesson 4: Convex Mirrors Hosted by comPADRE. © 1996-2010 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L3e.cfm[12/10/2010 2:36:11 PM] Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors home - about - terms - credits - feedback » The Physics Classroom » Physics Tutorial » Reflection and Ray Model of Light Reflection and Ray Model of Light - Lesson 3 Concave Mirrors The Anatomy of a Curved Mirror | Reflection of Light and Image Formation Physics Tutorial Two Rules of Reflection for Concave Mirrors | Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors | The Mirror Equation - Concave Mirrors 1-D Kinematics Spherical Aberration Newton's Laws Vectors - Motion and Ray Diagrams - Concave Mirrors Forces in Two The theme of this unit has been that we see an object because light from the object travels to our eyes as we sight along Dimensions a line at the object.
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