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igh Plains Low Plains North Central East Texas Trans Edwards Pecos Plateau South Central Texas Upper Coast South Texas Lower Valley )LJXUH7H[DV5HJLRQV 300 350 250 300 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 Production in millions of bushels 0 Production in millions of bushels 0 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 Year Year 1 dot = 1,000 acres. 1 dot = 1,000 acres. Dots indicate acreage without respect to geographic Dots indicate acreage without respect to geographic location within the county. location within the county. Source: Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, Source: Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, 1999 Texas Agricultural Statistics. 1999 Texas Agricultural Statistics. )LJXUHD3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI )LJXUHE3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI 7H[DV&RUQ 7H[DV6RUJKXP 200 30 180 160 25 140 20 120 100 15 80 60 10 40 5 20 Production in millions of bushels 0 Production in millions of bushels 0 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 Year Year 1 dot = 1,000 acres. 1 dot = 1,000 acres. Dots indicate acreage without respect to geographic Dots indicate acreage without respect to geographic location within the county. location within the county. Source: Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, Source: Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, 1999 Texas Agricultural Statistics. 1999 Texas Agricultural Statistics. )LJXUHF3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI )LJXUHG3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI 7H[DV:KHDW 7H[DV5LFH 6.5 1,400 6.0 1,300 1,200 5.5 1,100 5.0 1,000 4.5 900 800 4.0 700 3.5 Production in 1,000 heads 600 Marketing in millions of heads 3.0 500 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 Year Year 1-N 80.7% 2-N 1.5% 1-S 8.3% 2-S 1.8% 6 0.5% 7 0.7% 8-N 1.6% 10-N 1.7% Under 20,000 20,000 to 49,000 50,000 and over )LJXUHD3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI )LJXUHE3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI 7H[DV)HG&DWWOH 7H[DV+RJ3URGXFWLRQ 600 450 500 400 400 350 300 300 200 100 250 Inventory in 1,000 heads Production in 1,000 heads 0 200 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 Year Year Under 5,000,000 5,000,000 to 99,999,999 100,000,000 and over 1 dot = 500 milk cows. Source: Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, 1999 Texas Agricultural Statistics. )LJXUHF3URGXFWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI )LJXUHG4XDQWLW\DQG/RFDWLRQRI %URLOHUVLQ7H[DV 0LON&RZVLQ7H[DV Feedmill Inland Terminals Livestock, Producer Dairy, Poultry Grain Users Flour Mill Country Export Elevator Terminal )LJXUHD7H[DV*UDLQ)DFLOLWLHV,QYROYHGLQ7UDGHRI&RUQ*UDLQ6RUJKXPDQG :KHDWZLWK3ULQFLSDO,QWHUIDFLOLW\*UDLQ)ORZV Domestic Demands Export Terminal Producer Rice Drier Rice Mill or Mexico Border )LJXUHE7H[DV5LFH)DFLOLWLHVZLWK3ULQFLSDO,QWHUIDFLOLW\)ORZV BEA Economic Areas and Component Economic Area Nodes 110 169 146 111 170 145 109 147 112 113 59 1 144 114 108 115 107 58 168 4 148 60 61 2 167 116 106 105 3 150 63 57 6 5 166 149 143 117 104 62 7 142 100 8 103 54 165 102 64 65 10 151 121 120 118 66 56 55 101 53 9 119 99 11 12 67 50 51 52 141 97 68 49 13 164 152 98 153 122 123 96 69 70 48 16 14 163 140 155 93 94 47 17 15 124 72 20 162 71 45 18 154 138 92 95 44 46 126 90 19 139 73 43 42 91 23 22 160 125 74 41 21 156 137 40 24 25 76 75 157 78 27 161 158 136 128 26 Metropolitan Area 89 39 38 159 127 88 79 28 77 80 37 131 36 Nonmetropolitan Node 172 87 86 135 129 130 84 35 82 81 29 83 85 Economic Area 134 132 30 34 County 33 31 133 32 State 171 Based on a map prepared by the Regional Economic Analysis Division U.S. Department of Commerce )LJXUH%XUHDXRI(FRQRPLF$QDO\VLV %($ $UHDV 55 Barge % Truck % Rail % 50 45 40 35 % 30 25 20 15 10 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Year )LJXUH86*UDLQDQG2LOVHHG0RGDO6KDUHV 6RXUFH 3UDWHUDQG.OLQGZRUWK 300 Productivity = Revenue ton-miles per constant dollar operating expense Volume = Revenue ton-miles Revenue = Constant dollar operating revenue 250 Price = Constant dollar revenue per ton-mile 200 Productivity Volume 150 Index Staggers Act passed October 1980 100 Revenue 50 Price 0 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 Year )LJXUH&ODVV5DLOURDG3HUIRUPDQFH 6RXUFH $$5 90 Corn Soybean Wheat 80 70 60 % 50 40 30 20 10 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Year )LJXUH5DLOURDG6KDUHRI86&RUQ6R\EHDQDQG:KHDW6KLSPHQWV 6RXUFH 3UDWHUDQG.OLQGZRUWK Country Elevator Truck Truck/ Multicar Multicar Truck Unit Train FarmSubterminal Houston Truck/ Multicar Truck/ Unit Train Truck Unit Train Inland Terminal )LJXUH 7\SHVRI6KLSPHQW3DWWHUQVIURP&RXQWU\(OHYDWRUVWR+RXVWRQ7H[DV 6RXUFH 3DUN--HWDO 'DUNHUOLQHVLQGLFDWHJURZWKVLQFH 5()(5(1&(6 $PHULFDQ$VVRFLDWLRQRI6WDWH+LJKZD\DQG7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ2IILFLDOV³6WDWH3URJUDPVIRU/LJKW 'HQVLW\5DLO/LQHV ´:DVKLQJWRQ'&)HEUXDU\ $PHULFDQ$VVRFLDWLRQRI6WDWH+LJKZD\DQG7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ2IILFLDOV³7KH7HQ 3UDWHU0DQG..OLQGZRUWK³/RQJ7HUP7UHQGVLQ5DLOURDG6HUYLFHDQG&DSDFLW\IRU86 $JULFXOWXUH´8QLWHG6WDWHV'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH 86'$ $JULFXOWXUDO0DUNHWLQJ 6HUYLFH1RYHPEHU 7H[DV$JULFXOWXUDO6WDWLVWLFV6HUYLFH 7H[DV$JULFXOWXUDO6WDWLVWLFV$XVWLQ7H[DV 7H[DV$JULFXOWXUDO6WDWLVWLFV6HUYLFH 7H[DV$JULFXOWXUDO6WDWLVWLFV$XVWLQ7H[DV 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KDXOVRULJLQDWHGE\RWKHUUDLOURDGV 7H[DV %LQDU\YDULDEOH KDXOVRULJLQDWHGDQGWHUPLQDWHGLQ7H[DV LQWUDVWDWH DOORWKHUKDXOV .DQVDV %LQDU\YDULDEOH KDXOVRULJLQDWHGLQ.DQVDV DOORWKHUKDXOV 2NODKRPD %LQDU\YDULDEOH KDXOVRULJLQDWHGLQ2NODKRPD DOORWKHU KDXOV $UNDQVDV %LQDU\YDULDEOH KDXOVRULJLQDWHGLQ$UNDQVDV DOORWKHU KDXOV $SSHQGL[&²6XUYH\,QVWUXPHQW Texas Country Elevator / Subterminal Survey Confidential Firm Name: Address: City: County: Zip Code: Name of Contact Person: Title: Telephone: FAX: E-mail Address: All information provided in this survey will be treated as CONFIDENTIAL. Please answer the following questions regarding your firm’s grain handling activities at THIS SITE. Your Operation 1-1. Total storage capacity in bushels: 1-2. Average annual bushels handled: Annual Grain Receipts and Sources of Grain in a Representative Year % Received From: 2-1. % by Grain Producers Other Elevators Other Total Corn % % % % 100% Sorghum % % % % 100% Wheat % % % % 100% Other % % % % 100% Total 100% Estimate Percent of Each Grain’s Annual Shipments by Truck and Rail in a Representative Year 3-1. Truck Rail Other Total Corn % % % 100% Sorghum % % % 100% Wheat % % % 100% Other % % % 100% Estimate Percent of Each Grain’s Annual Shipments To Selected Destinations by Truck and Rail in a Representative Year 3-2. Texas Gulf Texas Texas Texas California/ Oklahoma/ Corn Ports Feeders Processors Terminals Arizona Kansas Mexico Other % by Truck 100% % by Rail } Sorghum % by Truck 100% % by Rail } Wheat % by Truck 100% % by Rail } Texas Truck Industry Service Quality 4-1. Please circle the number which best shows truck service quality you have experienced in recent years. Service Attribute Poor Excellent Readily Available 1 2 3 4 5 Ease of Arranging Shipment 1 2 3 4 5 Prompt Pick-up and Delivery 1 2 3 4 5 Transit Time 1 2 3 4 5 Reasonable Rates for Service Provided 1 2 3 4 5 Financially Responsible 1 2 3 4 5 Flexible Accommodating Service 1 2 3 4 5 Equipment Quality 1 2 3 4 5 Loss and Damage Claims 1 2 3 4 5 Overall Quality of Service 1 2 3 4 5 4-2. How has the percent of your annual grain shipments transported by truck changed over the past five years? Decreased Remained the Same Increased 4-3. Estimate % change in truck shipments over the past five years: % 4-4. If your use of truck has changed, what are the reasons for this change? (Circle) Rail Abandonment Change in Location of Markets Better/Worse Truck Service and Rates Better/Worse Rail Service and Rates Other The following questions deal with railroads and the recent performance of the railroad industry as you have experienced it. 5-1. Has railroad service to your elevator ceased as a result of rail line abandonment? Yes No If your answer is Yes, please go to Question 6-1 on the last page. 5-2. Which railroads currently serve your elevator? (Circle) Union Pacific Burlington Northern Other (specify) 5-3. Rail track capacity at your elevator cars Railcar unloader? Yes No Texas Rail Industry Service Quality 5-4. Please circle the number which best shows rail service quality you have experienced in recent years. Service Attribute Poor Excellent Readily Available 1 2 3 4 5 Ease of Arranging Shipment 1 2 3 4 5 Prompt Pick-up and Delivery 1 2 3 4 5 Transit Time 1 2 3 4 5 Reasonable Rates for Service Provided 1 2 3 4 5 Financially Responsible 1 2 3 4 5 Flexible Accommodating Service 1 2 3 4 5 Equipment Quality 1 2 3 4 5 Loss and Damage Claims 1 2 3 4 5 Overall Quality of Service 1 2 3 4 5 5-5. How has the percent of your annual grain shipments transported by rail changed over the past five years? Decreased Remained the Same Increased 5-6. Estimate % change in rail shipments over the past five years: % 5-7. If your use of rail has changed, what are the reasons for this change? (Circle) Rail Abandonment Change in Location of Markets Better/Worse Rail Service and Rates Better/Worse Truck Service and Rates Other Estimate the Percent of Each Grain’s Rail-transported Receipts and Shipments That Are in the Following Car- lot Sizes in a Representive Year? 5-8. NUMBER OF CARS SHIPMENTS <5 6-25 26-51 52-103 >103 Wheat % % % % % 100% Sorghum % % % % % 100% Corn % % % % % 100% RECEIPTS Wheat % % % % % 100% Sorghum % % % % % 100% Corn % % % % % 100% 5-9. If you are served by only one railroad, what is the distance (miles) between your elevator and an elevator served by a competing railroad? 5-10. Is your elevator located on a rail line where trackage rights have been made available to another rail carrier? Yes No Do not know If Yes, does the railroad with trackage rights compete with the owning railroad for your business? Yes No Do not know 5-11. Does your serving railroad(s) now offer elevator co-loading so smaller shippers may obtain rail rates of the larger multi-car shipper? Yes No Do not know 5-12. Have you ever entered into guaranteed equipment contracts (e.g., COTS) with your serving railroad? Yes No 5-13. Has inadequate rail service forced you to use a shipping method that lowered your bid price to farmers? Yes No If Yes, what portion of your annual rail grain shipments are affected by inadequate rail service in a representive year? % On average, what is the per bushel cost of the inadequate rail service for affected shipments in a representive year? $ /bu 5-14. If you are served by a recently-merged railroad, has service improved, deteriorated, or been unchanged since the merger? 6-1. Is containerization of your grain shipments increasingly likely in view of the development of speciality grain markets? Yes No 7-1. Are you willing to answer additional related questions in a follow-up phone survey? Yes No Questions? Please contact either Stephen Fuller at (979) 845-1941 or Rob Harrison at (512) 232-3113. $SSHQGL['²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¶VJUDLQWUDQVSRUWDWLRQSUDFWLFHV" )LUVW,QHHGWRDVNDIHZJHQHUDOTXHVWLRQVDERXW\RXUILUP +RZORQJKDV\RXUILUPEHHQLQWKHEXVLQHVVRIWUDQVSRUWLQJJUDLQ" +RZPDQ\SRZHUXQLWVGRHV\RXUILUPHPSOR\IRUWUDQVSRUWLQJJUDLQ" +RZPDQ\WUDLOHUVGR\RXKDYHIRUWUDQVSRUWLQJJUDLQ" :KDWLVWKHW\SLFDOJURVVYHKLFOHZHLJKWRIRQHRI\RXUWUDFWRUWUDLOHUFRPELQDWLRQV" :KHUHGR\RXUWUXFNVXVXDOO\WUDQVSRUWJUDLQ" :KDWLVWKHXVXDOO\WULSOHQJWK" 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Texas Grain Transportation Study
