Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire

Archaeological Excavation

for CgMs Consulting

on behalf of David Wilson Homes

CA Project: 779044 CA Report: 18136

June 2018

Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire

Archaeological Excavation

CA Project: 779044 CA Report: 18136

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 05.03.18 JCC Internal review B 22.05.18 RWM Internal review C 06.06.2018 KEW QA

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology

© Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

CONTENTS

Summary ...... 1

1. Introduction ...... 2

3. aims and objectives ...... 6

4. Methodology...... 6

5. Results OF EXCAVATION (Figs 2–9)...... 7

6. The Finds ...... 12

7. The Biological Evidence ...... 12

8. Discussion ...... 13

9. ca project team ...... 15

10. Storage, curation and publication ...... 15

11. REFERENCES ...... 15

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 20 APPENDIX B: LITHICS 21 APPENDIX C: POTTERY ...... 23 APPENDIX D: FIRED/BURNT CLAY ...... 26 APPENDIX E: WORKED STONE ...... 26 APPENDIX F: CHARCOAL AND CHARRED PLANT REMAINS ...... 27 APPENDIX G: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 33

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Area location plan, showing archaeological features and previous evaluation trenches (1:2000/1:500). Fig. 3 Pits 1002, 1004 and 1014, photographs (0.2m, 0.4m, 0.5m and 1m scales, respectively) Fig. 4 Pits 1002, 1004 and 1014, plan (1:20) and section (1:20) Fig. 5 Pit 1006, section (1:20) and photographs (0.5m and 1m scales) Fig. 6 Pit 1008, section (1:20) and photographs (0.5m and 1m scales) Fig. 7 Pits 1016 and 1031, plan (1:20), section (1:20) and photographs (0.4m, 0.5m and 1m scales) Fig. 8 Pit 1023, section (1:20) and photograph (0.5m scale) Fig. 9 Overall site photograph, with pits numbered (2m and 1m scales)

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Quantification of finds Table 2: Context Descriptions Table 3: Lithics assembage by feature Table 4: Catalogue of Stone Table 5: Charcoal by context Table 6: Chared Plant Material by context

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Marnel Park Phase 2 Location: Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire NGR: 463681 155198 Type: Excavation Date: 15 to 27 February 2018 Planning Reference: BDB/75761 Location of Archive: Hampshire Cultural Trust Accession Number: A2018.6 Site Code: MPP18

An archaeological excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in February, 2018, at Marnel Park (Phase 2 area), Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire. The excavation area was located towards the west of the proposed development site, and was targeted on a group of later prehistoric pits which had been identified during evaluation.

The excavation identified a single phase of activity dating to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age periods, which comprised an apparently isolated group of eight pits, some of which were intercutting. The fills of three pits contained notably more charcoal and charred plant remains, than the others and appeared to be more domestic in character. Other pits appeared to have been backfilled with redeposited natural subsoil, and were difficult to identify. One pit contained quantities of fired clay, together with quern fragments and remains of pottery vessels which appeared to have been broken in situ, and may therefore represent a structured deposit. Pottery was found to be in degraded condition in all features, and correspondingly difficult to excavate.

Some of the small assemblage of worked flint recovered from the pits is likely to be residual and thus representative of transient activity on and around the site in earlier prehistoric periods. The Marnel Park (Phase 2) site is principally of local interest, and has provided evidence of possibly peripheral Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age activity within the environs of the excavated Merton Rise site (Marnel Park/Merton Rise Phase1) , to the south and west.

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In February 2018, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological investigation, at the request of CgMs Consulting, on behalf of David Wilson Homes, at Marnel Park (Phase 2 Area), Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire (centred at NGR: 463681 155198; Fig. 1).

1.2 Planning permission (Planning ref: BDB/75761) for the erection of 250 dwellings, including provisions for ancillary access and landscaping, was granted by Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council (BDBC). This permission was conditional on a programme of archaeological work, which comprised an archaeological excavation targeted on a group of prehistoric pits identified by evaluation on the west side of the proposed development area. The archaeological condition was recommended by David Hopkins, County Archaeologist, Hampshire County Council (HCC), on the basis of the results of an archaeological evaluation (TVAS 2017).

1.3 The excavation was undertaken in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2018), and approved by the County Archaeologist. The fieldwork also followed Standard and Guidance: Archaeological Excavation (CIfA 2014); the Hampshire County Council guidance Archaeology and Planning: Guidance for Contractors (HCC 2013), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (HE 2015), incorporating the Historic England guidance PPN3: Archaeological Excavation (2008).

The site

1.4 The total development site comprises c.14.5ha in area, and is located on a large, roughly rectangular plot of land on the northern margins of Basingstoke, to the west of Marl’s Lane and Jersey Close. At the time of excavation, the site was in use as arable fields. It was bounded to the north, north-east and west by a mixture of woodland and arable land, and by modern residential developments to the south and east (Figs. 1 and 2). The site is situated at an elevation of c.85m above Ordnance Datum (aOD), on a north-west/south-east aligned ridge, which reaches a maximum elevation of 90m aOD towards the east, and falls gradually both to the north and south.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

1.5 The underlying geology is mapped as Lambeth Group clays, silts and sands of Palaeogene date. This sedimentary bedrock was formed 48-56 million years ago in estuarine or river delta environments (BGS 2018). Superficial patches of gravel and chalk were identified across the site during evaluation (TVAS 2017). Slowly- permeable, grey/brown clay silt soils were present across the site, to a depth of 0.25m (see section 5.4).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological background presented below is derived from the baseline data included in previous reports, including that compiled for the evaluation by Thames Valley Archaeological Services (TVAS 2017), together with the results of an earlier desk-based assessment of the site (CgMs 2016). This information has been augmented for the purposes of this report by additional data from a number of sources, including the Hampshire Archaeology and Historic Buildings Record (AHBR), and the published archaeological record.

Earlier Prehistoric 2.2 A number of finds of prehistoric worked flint, principally of Neolithic date, have been recorded within the environs of the Site, including off Popley Way, c. 0.75km to the south. These include not only individual random finds, but more extensive concentrations recorded through systematic fieldwalking and evaluation, particularly at Weybrook Farm, c. 2.5 km to the south-west (Ford 1991; Ford and Torrence 1991). A large assemblage of Neolithic and Bronze Age worked flint was also recovered by excavation at Marnel Park and Merton Rise, at locations up to 1km to the south-west of the site (Bradley and Leivers 2009), together with stratified finds of pottery from features of Bronze Age and Iron Age date (Barclay 2009). Collectively, this evidence indicates a dense pattern of prehistoric activity within the environs of the site. By contrast, systematic fieldwalking on and around this site (TVAS 2011, 2014) identified no significant concentrations of worked flint.

2.3 Investigations at Chineham Lane, Sherborne St John, c. 1km to the east of this site, recorded a number of posts and postholes of Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age date (Boismier et al. 1988). A Middle/Late Bronze Age Deverel-Rimbury cremation cemetery was recorded at Daneshill, 2km to the south-east (Fig. 1; Millett and Schadla-Hall 1991).

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Iron Age 2.4 Extensive cropmark evidence within the surrounding area, while largely undated, suggests a well-developed settlement and agricultural landscape of Iater prehistoric date. This includes linear boundaries and trackways, and surviving elements of field systems, together with ditched enclosures (Pastscape ref. 1604054). Cropmarks of settlement enclosures of probable Iron Age/Roman date have been recorded at NGR 16229 45536 (AHBR 20713), and at 16120 45577 (AHBR 36035), respectively located 1.2km north-west and 2.5km west of the site. Excavation at Marnel Park and Merton Rise, at a series of locations up to 1.5km to the south-east (Areas A-F, Fig. 1), confirmed abundant evidence of Iron Age occupation (Wright et al. 2009a, 2009b), and a Middle Iron Age enclosure was recorded c. 2km to the south-west, at Rooksdown, on the former Park Prewett Hospital site (Butterworth 1994). The wider Basingstoke area is notably rich in settlement sites of Iron Age date, including an Iron Age hill fort at Winklebury (Smith 1977), and settlement sites at Oakridge, 1.5km to the south (Oliver 1993), Cowdery’s Down, 3km to the south-east (Millett and James 1983) and Brighton Hill South, 5km to the south-west (Fasham et al. 1995).

Roman 2.5 The projected course of the Winchester to Silchester Roman road (Margary 42a), is followed by the alignment of the current Aldermaston Road, which runs 1.7km to the west of the site (Margary 1955). Numerous finds, including coins and pottery, have been recorded within the vicinity of this road, together with recorded sites of Roman buildings, including tile and artefact scatters located 1.5m to the south-west (NGR 16222 45471, AHBR 19627); 2km to the north-west (NGR 16156 45582, AHBR 20715), and 1.2km to the west. Roman coins and pottery were recorded at a former chalk pit c. 400m to the south (Pastscape 240592). A further Roman building was investigated at Monk Sherborne, c. 1km to the north-west (Teague 2003).

2.6 Roman enclosed settlement, exhibiting evidence of continuous occupation from the Late Iron Age until the 4th century AD, was recorded at Marnel Park and Merton Rise c. 1.5km to the south-west (Wright et al. 2009b, 19-35). Evidence of Roman activity included roundhouses, a waterhole, corn-drier and two cremation burials, in addition to an associated trackway and two sub-rectangular enclosures. Evaluation and subsequent excavation immediately to the south of the site (Elliott 2016; 2017)

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

identified an Iron Age and Roman enclosure, together with pits and postholes and a single cremation burial. Further evidence of Roman activity, including an enclosure and cremation burials, was recorded at Daneshill (Millett and Schadla-Hall 1992, 94-100), and at Oakridge, including a late bath house (Oliver 1993, 70-92).

Anglo-Saxon and Medieval 2.7 Four extended inhumation burials, of possible Early Anglo-Saxon date, were found in 1966-7 on the Popley I Estate, located c.1.2km to the south of the site. One burial was accompanied by a bone comb and an indeterminate copper alloy object (Pastscape ref. 240859).

2.8 Sherborne St John (Sireborne) village is mentioned in the Domesday Survey of 1086, when it apparently comprised a large number of households, and included three mills and a church (Morris 1982). This early church was most probably located on the site of the later church of St Andrew, 1.5km to the west of the site, which was built in c.1150, with later additions. A random find of a medieval penny was previously recorded 1.7km to the west of the site (Portable Antiquities Scheme (HAMP-8C5DE8)). Medieval boundaries and possible evidence of ridge and furrow cultivation have been recorded 1km to the west (Pastscape ref. 1604114).

Field Survey and Evaluation 2.9 Fieldwalking over the site itself (TVAS 2014), and the adjacent field to the south (TVAS 2011), recovered only a modest quantity of artefacts, with only a few dispersed struck flints, which were largely of later Neolithic or Bronze Age date. The ceramic evidence recovered was mostly of late post-medieval date, but included a single sherd of Bronze Age pottery.

2.10 An evaluation of the site undertaken by Thames Valley Archaeological Services (TVAS), in 2017, revealed only a limited number of archaeological features. These comprised pits and a gully of possible Bronze Age/Iron Age date, in addition to a post-medieval boundary ditch. It was unclear whether these prehistoric features represented isolated deposits or related to a wider, more dispersed pattern of activity than that identified to the south of the site.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the archaeological investigation were to:

• record the nature of the main stratigraphic units encountered; • characterise and date the site; • identify and record the overall presence, survival and potential of any occupational remains; and • identify and record the overall presence, survival, condition, and potential of artefactual and ecofactual remains.

3.2 The specific aims of the investigation were to:

• record any evidence of past occupation, activity or land use; • recover artefactual evidence to date any evidence of past activity that may be identified; • further investigate, record and characterise the prehistoric activity recorded during the evaluation; and • sample and analyse environmental remains to create a better understanding of past land use and economy.

3.3 Research aims were in accordance with those identified for the Bronze Age and Iron Age periods (Bradley, 2014; Lambrick 2014), within the Solent-Thames Archaeological Research Framework (2014).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the Written Scheme of Investigation (CA 2018). However, the originally-proposed 0.14ha excavation area, and the 10m-radius contingency buffer-zone surrounding it, were substantially impeded by modern terracing and observation pits. The excavation area was therefore reduced to 0.13ha (Fig. 2), and the County Archaeologist (advisor to Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council, the local planning authority) considered that the archaeological features identified in Area 1 did not warrant further excavation within the contingency buffer-zone.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

4.2 Area 1 had been stripped of its topsoil cover prior to commencement of the excavation. Subsequent additional machine stripping, which was required to better reveal archaeological features, may have resulted in the loss of some smaller features, together with a reduction in the surviving depths of larger features.

4.3 Area 1 and associated features were planned on OS National Grid (NGR) co- ordinates, using Leica GPS, and were surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4: Survey Manual. The excavation area was scanned for live services by trained CA staff, using CAT and Genny equipment in accordance with the CA Safe System of Work for avoiding underground services.

4.4 Fieldwork commenced with the removal, under close archaeological supervision, of topsoil and subsoil by mechanical excavator with a toothless grading bucket. The archaeological features thus exposed were hand-excavated to the bottom of archaeological stratigraphy. All features were planned and recorded in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.6 Deposits were assessed for their environmental potential, and five features considered to have potential for characterising the principal phases of activity were sampled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites.

4.7 All artefacts recovered from the excavation were retained in accordance with CA Technical Manual 3: Treatment of finds immediately after excavation.

5. RESULTS OF EXCAVATION (FIGS 2–9)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the excavation results. Detailed summaries relating to contexts, finds and environmental samples (biological evidence) are to be found in Appendices A–F of this report.

5.2 Spot dating evidence, together with the stratigraphical analysis of features, has indicated only one distinguishable phase of activity on this site: Phase 1: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (1100 BC - 400 BC).

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

5.3 A small number of features could not be definitively assigned a phase on the basis of stratigraphy or spot dating evidence, and therefore remain unphased.

Geology and soils

5.4 The natural geological substrate, 1001, revealed in Area 1, comprised a light-orange clay (TVAS 2017). All archaeological features were cut into this geology, and were sealed by a 0.25m-deep topsoil, comprising mid-grey/brown clay silt (1000).

Phase 1, Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (Figs. 2 to 9)

5.6 Excavation revealed a small, apparently discrete group of pits, with no other contemporary features (Figs. 2 and 9). While these features appeared to represent an isolated group, it is possible that any evidence of associated occupation may have been removed by additional machining or other site works.

5.7 Eight individual pits were revealed (1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1014, 1016, 1023 and 1031), during the course of stripping (Figs. 2 and 9). Two groups of pits displayed evidence of intercutting; pit 1002 was cut by 1004, which appeared to be subsequently cut in turn by 1014. These respectively comprised the same features as the pits 6, 8 and 7 identified by the evaluation (TVAS 2017). In addition, pit 1031 was re-cut by pit 1016. The pits measured an average of 1.12m in length, 0.84m in width and 0.44m in depth, with the largest (1031) measuring 1.5m x 1.28m x 0.85m, respectively. They were generally sub-circular in plan, and displayed moderate to steeply-sloping sides, with concave or flat bases.

5.8 The fills of pits 1006, 1008 and 1016 contained considerably more charcoal and/or charred plant remains (1007; 1009-1012; 1018-1019 respectively) than those of other pits, and were of distinctly different character. Fill 1019 of pit 1016, in particular, contained large amounts of fired clay, together with remains of ceramic vessels which appeared to have been broken in situ. Together with three possible quern fragments, fill 1019 may represent a deliberate deposit of domestic objects.

5.9 Pits 1002, 1004, 1014, 1023 and 1031 were less easy to identify, because they appeared to have been backfilled with re-deposited natural subsoil (fills 1003, 1013, 1015 and 1025, respectively), or had become naturally silted with a gleyed clay, which was similar in appearance to surrounding areas of natural geology (1005, 1017 and 1029). In such cases, only the recorded extent of sparse charcoal flecks

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

and pottery sherds allowed the full extent of these features to be identified and recorded.

Pit 1002 5.10 Pit 1002 was located towards the south of the group of features, and was sub- circular in plan. It displayed a length of 0.9m, width of 0.7m and depth of 0.52m, and was steep-sided, with a slightly stepped and asymmetrical profile and a flat base (Figs. 2, 3 and 9). It contained a single fill, 1003, of light brown/orange and light-grey silty clay, with inclusions of charcoal, burnt flint and rounded flint pebbles. This fill contained a large quantity of pottery, much of which was in degraded condition and difficult to excavate, although some large sherds of up to 100mm across were noted. Sample 305 from this fill contained oak and birch charcoal.

Pit 1004 5.11 Pit 1004 was circular in plan, and measured 0.88m in maximum diameter and 0.37m in depth, with irregular, steep sides and a sharply-defined flat base (Figs. 2 and 3). This feature cut pit 1002 on its north-west side. It contained a single fill, 1005, of light-grey/blue/orange silty clay, with iron mottling and inclusions of burnt flint and charcoal flecks. In places, this fill displayed a gleyed appearance, and its colour- range was close to that of the surrounding natural. It contained Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery, together with burnt flint (676g) and a flint side scraper.

Pit 1014 5.12 Shallow pit 1014 represented a partial recut of pit 1002, but appeared to subtend the south-east edge of immediately-adjacent pit 1004, and was therefore stratigraphically later than either (Figs. 2, 3 and 4, section AA). It measured 0.45m in maximum diameter and 0.1m in depth, with asymmetrical, U-profile sides and a concave base. A single fill 1015, of grey/brown/orange silty clay, contained moderate charcoal flecks and rounded flint, but no finds. Sample 304 from this fill contained oak and birch charcoal.

Pit 1006 5.13 Pit 1006 was located on the north-east side of the group and 5m to the south-east of pits 1016/1031 (Figs. 2 and 5). It was irregular in plan, and was originally interpreted as a possible tree-throw hollow. It measured 1.03m in maximum length and 0.65m in width, with a depth of 0.34m. Sides were vertical or steeply-sloping on the west side, and in places appeared to undercut the surrounding natural. The base was flat

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

and irregular. It contained a primary fill, 1030, of light, grey/brown silty clay, with gravel and charcoal inclusions but no finds. A secondary fill, 1007, of yellow/grey silty clay, contained inclusions of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery, sub- angular flint and abundant charcoal (Fig. 5, section BB). Sample 300 from this fill contained charcoal of hawthorn, oak, birch, willow and ash, together with indeterminate cereal grains, weed seeds and hazelnut shell.

Pit 1008 5.14 Pit 1008, on the south-east side of the group, was oval in plan, with length of 1.23m, width of 0.95m and depth of 0.42m (Figs. 2 and 6). It displayed concave sides and flat base, and contained a sequence of five fills (Fig. 6, section CC). Primary fill 1026, of yellow/grey silty clay with inclusions of burnt flint (391g) charcoal and Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery, appeared to represent a gleyed, naturally-silted deposit. The lowest secondary fill, 1012, was not recorded in every section, and comprised a dark-brown silty clay of 0.09m depth, with charcoal, but no finds. Fill 1011, of mid-yellow/grey silty clay, measured 0.07m in depth, with abundant charcoal but no finds, while succeeding fill 1010 was a distinctive dark-grey/black silty clay of 0.04m depth, with abundant charcoal but no finds. The highest fill in the sequence, 1009, comprised a mid-yellow/grey silty clay, with abundant charcoal, burnt flint and small, degraded sherds of late prehistoric character, which may be redeposited. Sample 302 from this fill contained charcoal of hawthorn, oak, birch, willow and ash, together with indeterminate cereal grains, weed seeds and hazelnut shell.

Pit 1016 5.15 Pit 1016 was located north of tree-throw hollow 1021, and was excavated in quadrants (Figs. 2 and 7). This feature was sub-circular in plan, with a length of 1.43m, width of 0.85m and depth of 0.56m, and displayed steep, near-vertical sides and a distinct concave base. It contained a sequence of three fills (Fig. 7, section DD). Secondary fill 1018, recorded on north-east facing section, comprised a dark, grey/brown silty clay, which contained abundant charcoal (30%), and formed a distinct layer within fill 1019 (Fig. 7, section DD). Sample 303 from this context contained charcoal of oak, birch, willow, maple and ash, together with cereal remains, weeds seeds and hazelnut shell.

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

5.16 Fill 1019, of pit 1016, comprised a distinct, brown/red/black and grey/brown clay silt within pit 1019, and contained abundant fragments of burnt clay and charcoal, (Fig. 7, section DD). Samples 309 and 310 from this context contained charcoal of oak and willow, together with weed seeds and hazelnut shell. Fill 1019 also contained a significant assemblage of cultural material. This included Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery, including remains of large coarseware jars, and fragments of burnt clay, in addition to burnt flint (1676g), 11 flint flakes, and three worked stone fragments. The later comprised a quartzite saddle quern fragment (876g), with a possible quern fragment (384g) and rubber fragment (708g), both in a quartzite sandstone. Collectively, this material may represent a structured deposit.

5.17 The top fill, 1020, of pit 1016 comprised a capping layer, which appeared to be largely derived from redeposited natural material. The excavator speculated that this context had been partly contaminated by a modern land drain which cut through the fill, on its south-east side. It comprised a mid-grey/brown/yellow silty clay, with occasional inclusions of probably redeposited pottery, charcoal and fragments of burnt clay.

Pit 1031 5.18 Pit 1031 appeared to represent the remains of an earlier cut feature, within which pit 1016 represented a recut (Fig. 7, section DD). It was sub-circular in plan and, as excavated, measured 1.5m in depth, 1.28m in width and 0.85m in depth, with an approximate north/south alignment. The fill, 1017, into which pit 1016 was cut, was a light, grey/blue silty clay, which displayed gleyed characteristics, with rare charcoal inclusions. A flint core and two flint flakes were recovered from this fill.

Pit 1023 5.19 Pit 1023 was the most southerly of the group of excavated features, and was oval in plan, with a maximum diameter of 1.5m and depth of 0.37m (Figs. 2 and 8). It displayed rounded, concave sides, with a distinct break of slope to the north, and a concave base. It contained three fills, of which the lower, 1029, comprised a gleyed, light-blue/grey clay, with occasional charcoal inclusions (Fig. 8, section EE). The succeeding fill, 1024, of dark, grey/brown clay, contained charcoal but no artefactual material. This shallow fill was interpreted as a deposit of domestic or organic waste, and sample 306 contained oak, hazel and willow charcoal. An upper fill, 1025, of red/yellow/brown clay, contained rare flint and charcoal, together with Late Bronze

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Age/Early Iron Age pottery and burnt flint (182g) and a retouched flake. This was interpreted as a deliberate backfill deposit, of surrounding natural subsoil.

Undated features 5.20 A possible small tree-throw hollow, 1021, appeared to cut pit 1016 on its south side (Figs. 2 and 7). It displayed a maximum diameter of 0.6m and depth of 0.14m, and contained a single fill, 1022, of dark, grey/brown silty clay, which contained no dateable material.

5.21 Irregular feature 1027, located to the west of pit 1023, was interpreted as a shallow tree-throw hollow (Fig. 2). It measured 0.64m in length, 0.28m in maximum width and 0.02m in depth, and displayed concave shallow sides and an uneven base. It contained a single fill, 1028, of dark, red/grey silty clay, which contained no dateable material.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Finds recovered are listed in Table 1, below. Details are to be found in Appendices B to D of this report.

Table 1: Quantification of finds Type Category Count Weight (g) Pottery Prehistoric 661 4650 Worked flint 17 360 Burnt flint 79 2925 Burnt/fired clay fragments 92 293 Worked stone fragments 3 1968

6.2 The finds assemblage is dominated by poorly-preserved pottery of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age date, but includes fragments of burnt/fired clay and worked stone, together with a small quantity of worked flint, at least some of which is likely to be residual.

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

7.1 Biological evidence recovered is confined to 11 environmental samples. Details of assessed charred plant remains and charcoal are to be found in Appendix E of this report.

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7.2 Recovered biological material principally comprises wood charcoal, occasional cereal remains and other charred plant material from eleven bulk samples from eight individual contexts.

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 Excavation identified a group of pits of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age date, which may be broadly contemporary with a number of features recorded c. 250m to the south and south-west, within Areas F, E and D of the Marnel Park and Merton Rise site (Fig. 1; Wright et al. 2009b). They may thus represent part of a wider spread of open settlement from the later Bronze Age period, which has a number of parallels in Hampshire, including at Easton Lane, Winchester (Fasham et al. 1989), Winnal Down (Fasham 1985) and Westbury, West Meon (Lewis and Walker, 1977). The evidence for substantial domestic structures at these sites, and particularly at Area F of the Marnel Park/Merton Rise site (Fig. 1; Wright et al. 2009b 7, fig. 6) suggests an increasingly sedentary pattern of occupation at this time, with reliance on a predominantly arable farming economy. The evidence of broadly contemporary ditched boundaries within the environs of the site (Wright et al. 2009, 17; CA 2017a; 2017b) indicates well-organised patterns of land division, which may be complemented by local cropmark evidence of prehistoric fields (Pastscape ref. 1604054). Of two major linear ditches recorded on the Phase 1 site, one ran for 300m across the eastern end of the ridge in Area F, c. 300m south-west of the Phase 2 site, and appeared to define the eastern extremity of an area of associated settlement. This contained Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery and worked flint, broadly contemporary with that from the current Phase 2 site (Wright et al. 2009a, 16-7).

8.2 Area D of the Marnel Park Phase 1 site (Fig. 1), located c. 200m to the south-east of the Phase 2 site, contained posthole evidence of a probable roundhouse, together with probably associated pts and gullies. However, the dating evidence from these features was predominantly of the Middle Bronze Age (Wright et al. 2009a, 7-9; 13- 17). Towards the south of Area D, a further roundhouse may have been associated with a large pit or waterhole, although dating evidence was inconclusive, and the two features may not have been contemporary. The pottery assemblage from Area D was small, and displayed affinities with both the Middle Bronze Age Deverel- Rimbury tradition and Late Bronze Age plain wares. The fill of a shallow gully around the roundhouse to the south of Area D contained Late Bronze Age sherds,

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

indicating continuing activity in this part of the site. Across Areas A and F of the Phase 1 site (Fig. 1), an extensive spead of Early Iron Age settlement included several roundhouses, and appears to have been broadly contemporary with the construction of major land boundaries, including that described above. The location of the Phase 2 site, beyond the boundaries defining the principal concentration of contemporary settlement, may confirm this as a peripheral or marginal location.

8.3 Although poorly-preserved, the pottery assemblage included significant concentrations of large sherds in some contexts, and is relatively homogenous, with only limited variations of fabric (Marsden and McSloy, this report). Within a discrete group of broadly contemporary pits there was a clear distinction in the character of fills associated with pottery, with some, including 1007, 1009, 1017, 1018 and 1019, exhibiting the darker, charcoal-rich character commonly associated with domestic deposits, while others, including 1003 and 1005, 1020 and 1025, resembling the surrounding natural in colour and texture, and possibly representing backfill. Pit 1002, in particular, contained a large number of sherds as a single deposit, which possibly repesent a vessel, or vessels, broken in situ, and pit 1016 contained both sherds and three fragments of quern. These deposits appeared to contain no organic material, and to have no confirmed association with cremation burial. The phenomenon of deliberate deposition of pottery and other domestic objects, both within and around the peripheries of later prehistoric settlements, has been widely recognised in European archaeology (Bradley 2005, 108-114; Brück 1999; Hill 1995, 35-40). While a number of such deposits have been interpreted as relating to specific events, most notably abandonment, in the lifetimes of dwellings (Sharples 2010, 228; Gerritsen 2003), others, as here, may be associated with activities marking the limits of the domestic sphere and the margins of settled land (cf. Bradley 2005, 110; Garrow 2007). Bradley (2005, 114) has remarked on the manner in which such deposits frequently reference the material associations of domestic life, and the three quern fragments from fill 1019, of pit 1016 (Fig. 7, section DD) may also be significant in this respect. In this case it may be possible to consider the relationship of this site to neighbouring contemporary settlement and linear boundaries in Areas D, E and F of the Merton Rise, Popley site. Similarly, the affinities of the pottery from the Marnel Park Phase 2 pits with contemporary material from Merton Rise and elsewhere (cf. Barclay 2009, 22-3; Millett and Schadla-Hall 1992, 88-93) are also significant.

14 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

9.1 Fieldwork was undertaken by Jeremy Clutterbuck, assisted by Tim Street, Keighley Wasenczuk, Emily Stynes, Chris Brown and Adam Howard. The excavation report was written by Jeremy Clutterbuck. The pottery and other finds reports were written by Katie Marsden and E.R. McSloy, the worked flint report by Jacky Sommerville, and the charred plant remains and charcoal report by Sheila Boardman. The illustrations were prepared by Esther Escudero. The fieldwork was managed for CA by Richard Greatorex, and the post-excavation was managed by Richard Massey, who also contributed to this report.

10. STORAGE, CURATION AND PUBLICATION

10.1 The archive is currently held at CA offices in Andover while post-excavation work proceeds. Upon completion of the project, and with the agreement of the legal landowners, the site archive and artefactual collection will be deposited with the Hampshire Cultural Trust, which has agreed in principle to accept the complete archive upon completion of the project, under accession number A2018.6. A summary of information from this project, set out in Appendix F, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain. The results of the Marnel Park (Phase 2) excavation are of local interest, but may merit publication as a summary note in the county journal Hampshire Studies.

11. REFERENCES http://historicenvironment.hants.gov.uk/ahbresults.aspx Site 20288, Viewed 23 January, 2018. http://historicenvironment.hants.gov.uk/ahbresults.aspx Site 60470, Viewed 23 January, 2018.

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Chineham Lane, Sherborne St. John, Basingstoke, Hampshire’, Proc. Hants Field Club Archaeol. Soc. 53, 25–33.

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Fasham, P. and Keevil, G., with Coe, D. 1995 Brighton Hill South (Hatch Warren) An Iron Age Farmstead and Deserted Medieval Village in Hampshire, Salisbury, Wessex Archaeol. Rep. 7, 1-73.

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Gale, R. & Cutler, D. 2000 Plants in Archaeology: Identification manual of vegetative plant materials used in Europe and the southern Mediterranean to c.1500, Westbury and Kew.

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HCC (Hampshire County Council) 2013 Archaeology and Planning: Guidance for Contractors http://www3.hants.gov.uk/archaeology_and_planning_guidance_for_contractors.pdf Accessed 8th February, 2018.

Hather, J. G. 2000 The Identification of Northern European Woods: A Guide for Archaeologists and Conservators, London, Archetype Publications.

Hayward, K. 2012 ‘The Worked Stone’, in Haslam, R., Iron Age and Roman settlement and burial activity at old Kempshott Lane, Basingstoke, Proc Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society 67 (Part 1), 79–141.

Historic England 2015 ‘Archaeological Excavation: Project Planning Note 3’ in Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment. https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/morphe-project- planning-note-3/morpheprojectplanningnote3.pdf/ Accessed 8th February, 2018.

Hey G. & Hind J. 2014 Solent-Thames: Research Framework for the Historic Environment Resource Assessments and Research Agendas, Project Report, Oxford Archaeology/Wessex Archaeology https://library.thehumanjourney.net/2597/ Accessed 8th February, 2018.

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Lambrick, G. 2014 ‘The Later Bronze Age and Iron Age Research Agenda,’ in Hey, G. and Hind, J. (eds) 2014, 149-53.

Lewis, E.R. and Walker, G. 1977 ‘A Middle Bronze Age site at Westbury, West Meon, Hampshire’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 33, 33-45.

Margary, I.D. 1955 [1973] Roman Roads in Britain, London, John Baker.

Millett, M. and James, S. 1983 ‘Excavations at Cowdery’s Down, Basingstoke, Hants, 1978- 81’, Archaeol.Journ. 140, 43-87.

Millett, M. and Schadla-Hall, T. 1992 ‘Rescue Excavtions on a Bronze Age and Romano- British Site at Daneshill, Basingstoke, 1980-81’, Proc. Hampshire Fld Club & Archaeol. Soc. 47, 83-105.

Moore, J. and Jennings, D. 1992 Reading Business Park: A Bronze Age Landscape, Oxford Archaeological Unit/Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, Oxford.

Morris, J. 1982 Domesday Book: Hampshire, Chichester, Phillimore.

O’Connell, M. 1986 Petters Sports Field, Egham: Excavation of a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Site, Surrey Archaeol. Soc. Res. Vol. 10, Guildford.

Oliver, M. 1993 ‘Excavation of an Iron Age and Romano-British Settlement Site at Oakridge, Basingstoke’, Proc.Hampshire Fld Club & Archaeol. Soc. 48, 55-93.

PCRG 2010 ‘The study of prehistoric pottery: general policies and guidelines for analysis and publication’, Prehistoric Pottery Research Group Occasional Papers 1 and 2 (Third edition)

Pelling, R. 2009 ‘Charred Plant Remains’, in Wright, J. et al. 2009a, 54-64.

Portable Antiquities Scheme Database, accessed Mar 10, 2018. https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/Sherborne.St.John

Schweingruber, F. H. 1990 Microscopic Wood Anatomy, (3rd Ed.), Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research.

Shaffrey, R. forthcoming, ‘The Worked Stone’ in Massey, R. and Nichol, M.,forthcoming, Iron Age and Roman Enclosed Settlement at Winchester Road, Basingstoke, Proc. Hampshire Fld Club & Archaeol. Soc.

Sharples, N. 2010 Social Relations in Later Prehistory: Wessex in the First Millennium BC, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Shepherd, W. 1972 Flint: Its Origin, Properties & Uses, London, Faber and Faber.

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Smith, K, 1977 ‘The Excavation of Winklebury Camp, Basingstoke, Hants’, Proc. Hampshire Fld Club & Archaeol. Soc. 43, 31-130.

Stace, C. 2010 New Flora of the British Isles, (3rd Ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Teague, S. 2003 ‘Manor Farm, Monk Sherborne, Hampshire, archaeological investigations in 1996’, Proc. Hants. Field Club & Archaeol. Soc. 60, 64–135.

Thames Valley Archaeological Service (TVAS), 2011, Marnel Park, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire: An Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey, Unpublished report 11/125

TVAS, 2014, Marnel Park, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire, Phase 2: An Archaeological Fieldwalking Survey, Unpublished report 11/125

TVAS, 2017, Marnel Park phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation, unpubl. TVAS report.

Wright, J., Powell, A. & Barclay, A. 2009a Excavations of Prehistoric and Romano-British Sites at Marnel Park and Merton Rise (Popley), Basingstoke, 2004-2008: Specialist Reports, Salisbury, Wessex Archaeology.

Wright, J., Powell, A. and Barclay, A. 2009b Excavations of Prehistoric and Romano-British Sites at Marnel Park and Merton Rise (Popley), Basingstoke, 2004-2008: Main Text, Salisbury, Wessex Archaeology.

Zohary, D., Hopf, M. and Weiss, E. 2012 Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley, (4th ed), Oxford, Clarendon Press.

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APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Table 2: Context Descriptions Context Context Fill Length Width Depth Sample Context Description Number Type of (m) (m) (m) No. 1000 layer Mid-grey/brown clay silt >30 >30m 1001 layer Light orange, with patches of light-grey/ >30m >30m blue clay 1002 cut Sub-circular, steep-sided pit with a 0.9 0.7 0.52 sharp break to a flat base, which has a small inclination to a deeper step on the north- side. 1003 fill 1002 Light-brown/orange and light-grey silty 0.9 0.7 0.52 <305> Clay, with 1% large charcoal flecks and <30mm rounded flint pebbles 1004 cut Circular, steep-sided pit, breaking 0.88 0.85 0.37 sharply to flat base 1005 fill 1004 Light-grey/blue with patches of orange 0.85 0.75 0.28 <301> silty gleyed clay 1006 cut Oval, moderately-sloping convex and 1.03 0.65 0.34 concave sides, with gradual break to concave base 1007 fill 1006 Mid-yellow/grey silty clay, with 5% 0.9 0.6 0.2 <300> <20mm sub-angular flint and 40% charcoal flecks 1008 cut Egg-shaped plan, with moderate 1.23 0.95 0.42 sloping sides and moderate break to flat base 1009 fill 1008 Mid-yellow/grey silty clay, with 30% 0.8 0.76 0.22 <302> <20mm charcoal flecks and 1% <10mm rounded flint 1010 fill 1008 Dark-grey and black silty clay, with 0.66 0.52 0.04 50% charcoal flecks 1011 fill 1008 Mid-yellow/grey silty clay, with 30% 0.69 0.41 0.07 <20mm charcoal flecks, and 1% <10mm rounded flint 1012 fill 1008 Dark-brown/grey silty clay, with 20% 0.65 0.15 0.09 charcoal flecks 1013 fill 1004 Light orange clay with 1% <20mm 0.88 0.85 0.15 rounded flint pebbles 1014 cut Sub-circular, slightly asymmetrical U- 0.45 0.4 0.1 shaped profile, with moderate slope to concave base 1015 fill 1014 Mid-grey/brown, light-grey and orange 0.45 0.4 0.1 <304> silty clay, with 1% charcoal flecks and 1% <30mm rounded flint 1016 cut Sub-circular, steep to vertical sides 1.43 0.85 0.56 splaying out at the top, and broken sharply to concave base 1017 fill 1031 Light-grey/blue silty gleyed clay, with 1.5 1.28 0.85 <311> 5% <10mm rounded flint and charcoal flecks

20 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Context Context Fill Length Width Depth Sample Context Description Number Type of (m) (m) (m) No. 1018 fill 1016 Mid-brown/red, black and dark, grey/ 1.43 0.85 0.56 <303> brown silty clay, with 30% burnt clay and charred plant remains 1019 fill 1016 Mid-brown/red, black and dark-grey/ 1.43 0.85 0.56 <309> brown silty clay, with 30% burnt clay <310> and charred plant remains 1020 fill 1016 Mid-grey/brown and yellow silty clay, 0.97 0.64 0.18 <308> with occasional charcoal and burnt clay 1021 cut Irregular oval-plan pit, undercutting the 0.6 0.5 0.14 natural geology 1022 fill 1021 Dark, grey/brown silty clay, with 5% 0.6 0.5 0.14 <10mm rounded flint 1023 cut Oval plan, with moderate convex and 1.5 1.05 0.37 concave slopes broken moderately to a concave base 1024 fill 1023 Dark, grey/brown clay, with common 1.45 1 0.05 <306> charcoal 1025 fill 1023 Mid-red/yellow and brown clay, with 1.5 0.95 0.21 <307> <1% <10mm rounded flint and charcoal flecks 1026 fill 1008 Mid-yellow/grey, with blue patches, silty 1.23 0.95 0.42 gleyed clay, with 15% charcoal flecks and 5% <20mm rounded flint 1027 cut Very shallow irregular feature 0.64 0.28 0.02 1028 deposit 1027 Dark, red/grey silty clay, with 15% 0.64 0.28 0.02 <20mm sub-rounded flint 1029 fill 1023 Light bluish-grey gleyed clay 1 0.8 0.11 1030 fill 1006 Light-grey/brown silty clay, with areas 1.23 0.95 0.2 of more gleyed appearance 1031 cut 3031 Sub-circular plan, steep-sided with 1.5 1.28 0.85 moderate break at top, and sharp break to inclined base

APPENDIX B: LITHICS

Lithics by Jacky Sommerville

Introduction and methodology A total of 17 worked lithics (360g), and 79 pieces of burnt, unworked flint (2925g) was recovered by hand-excavation of nine separate deposits. The artefacts were recorded according to broad artefact/debitage type, and were catalogued directly onto a Microsoft Access database. Attributes recorded include: raw material; weight; dimensions; degree of edge damage (microflaking), rolling (abrasion) and recortication (a white or blueish surface discoloration resulting from soil conditions [Shepherd 1972, 109]); colour; cortex description; and the presence of breakage and burning; and butt and termination type for flakes and blades.

21 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Raw material, provenance and condition The raw material comprises flint in all cases. Cortex is present on 11 items – it is abraded on one and chalky on the remainder. This indicates a reliance on a chalk source, which is likely to be relatively local. The lithics were recovered from fills of six pits (Table 3, below) – pits 1004 and 1008 contained only burnt flint. Pits 1008 and 1016 have been dated to the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age by associated pottery. Five (29%) of the worked flints display a minimal degree of edge damage and rolling. Five flints are broken, and three are burnt. Eleven lithics were retrieved from three fills of pit 1016. Their condition suggests that these items are likely to be residual.

Range and variety This small assemblage comprises 14 flakes, one core, one retouched flake and one side scraper (Table 3). None of the flakes display chronologically diagnostic features. Average flake dimensions (from eight intact flakes) are 41 x 31 x 14.5mm. This is on the large side, and could suggest a Late Neolithic/Bronze Age date (Butler 2005, 157). However, the sample size is too small to support such dating with any certainty.

The core is a multiplatform type, with flakes unsystematically removed from at least four platforms. The high number of platforms and ad hoc method of core reduction would also be most typical of Late Neolithic/Bronze Age technology (ibid., 155).

The scraper has been made on a flake blank with most of the tip missing. The retouch on the proximal half of the right distal edge is abrupt, and relatively regular. It is not a closely dateable type.

Discussion The lithic assemblage is, unfortunately, too small and fragmentary to allow meaningful comparison with other assemblages recovered from the area, such as those from Marnel Park and Merton Rise (Bradley and Leivers 2009). Aspects of reduction strategy tentatively suggest that some of the flints may be of Bronze Age date, and there are no indicators of Mesolithic/Early Neolithic knapping technology. However, condition suggests that at least some of the material has been redeposited, and the assemblage may therefore represent a mixture of material from different periods in prehistory.

22 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Table 3: Lithics assemblage by feature

Burnt flint by weight Core Flake Retouched flake Side scraper Pit 1004 676g Pit 1006 1 Pit 1008 391g Pit 1016 1676g 11 Pit 1023 182g 1 1 Pit 1031 1 2 Total 2925g 1 14 1 1

APPENDIX C: POTTERY

Pottery by Katie Marsden and E.R. McSloy

A total of 661 sherds of prehistoric pottery (4650g), was recovered from eleven deposits. The large majority was hand-recovered, with 131 sherds (345g) also coming from bulk soil samples. All sherds were recovered from pits, with the largest proportion (almost 50%) recovered from feature 1016. The condition of the pottery is generally poor; well-fragmented and commonly with surfaces degraded. In part, this reflects the soft, friable character of the fabrics, and also its difficult recovery from ‘tenacious’ clays.

The assemblage was fully recorded in accordance with national guidelines for the analysis of prehistoric pottery assemblages (PCRG 2010), directly to an MS Access database. Analysis included sherd count and weight by fabric and rim EVEs.

Fabrics The assemblage is relatively homogenous, with only minor variations in fabric (below), and with all types consistent with manufacture utilising locally-obtainable resources. The dominant fabric is an iron-rich sandy type, with fine calcined flint inclusions, which comprises 94% of the total (by sherd count).

QZ Orange-brown. Soft, with irregular fracture and sandy feel. Common, moderately-sorted, rounded/sub-rounded quartz and sparse rounded black iron (0.1-0.3mm). 19 sh; 150g; 0.03 EVEs.

QZfl Orange-brown. Soft, with irregular fracture and sandy/harsh feel. Common moderately- sorted, sand comprising rounded/sub-rounded quartz and rounded black or red-brown iron pellets (0.1-0.3mm); and common moderately-sorted, angular calcined flint (0.5-1mm). 619 sh; 4361g; 0.14 EVEs.

23 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

QZflc Orange-brown surfaces with grey core. Soft, with irregular fracture and sandy/harsh feel. Common well-sorted quartz sand (0.1-0.3mm); and sparse, coarse, angular calcined flint (2-3mm). 5 sh; 48g.

QZfe Orange brown. Soft, with fine fracture and smooth feel. Common, fine rounded/sub-rounded quartz; common red-brown iron ore and iron staining; sparse fine calcined flint (0.5mm). 10 sh; 53g; 0.07 EVEs.

QZfm Grey-brown. Soft with smooth feel and fine fracture. Common silt-sized quartz, sparse fine iron and commonly micaceous. 1 sh; 3g; 0.05 EVEs.

FL Red-brown exterior with dark grey interior and core. Soft with rough feel. Common, moderately-sorted angular calcined flint (0.5-2mm). 7 sh; 35g.

Forms/decoration The assemblage is well-fragmented, and includes few featured sherds. Rim sherds from four vessels were identified, and in addition there are bodysherds deriving from a minimum of six vessels of carinated (angular-profiled) form. A total of twelve sherds, probably representing nine vessels, feature decoration of all varieties (detailed below).

The three joining rim sherds identified from pit 1016 (fill 1019) occur in fabric QZfl and come from a large (rim diameter c. 260mm), almost certainly from a jar-profiled vessel, with a tall, upright neck and flattened rim top. The outer angle of the rim of this vessel is decorated with fingertip impressions. A single sherd with impressed fingertip decoration, probably to the vessel’s shoulder, and a number of base sherds all in the same fabric, may also come from this vessel. The underside of the base features finely-crushed calcined flint impressed into it. This is a feature noted with Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age pottery from the region, possibly as a means of reducing adhesion during manufacture (pers. comm. Elaine Morris).

One further vessel, which may be representative of a coarseware jar form, is a body sherd in flint-tempered fabric FL from pit 1008 (fill 1026). It features a rounded shoulder, with a row of impressed fingernail decoration.

Rim sherds from smaller vessels with upright and well-formed, squared rims, were recorded from pits 1004 (fill 1005), 1008 (fill 1026) and 1016 (fill 1019). They occur in fine sandy fabrics (QZfe, QZfm), are thin-walled (c. 5-6mm), and probably derive from fineware bowls.

24 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Carinated vessels, again likely to be representative of fineware bowls, were identified from bodysherds recorded from pit 1008 (fills 1009 and 1026: two vessels) and pit 1016 (fills 1019 and 1020: five vessels). With the exception of one plain sherd (fill 1019), all feature two or three, deep horizontal grooves above the girth angle, with one vessel (from pit 1020) with a white, chalky substance in-filling its grooves. The decorated carinated vessels fall within the furrowed bowl tradition common to the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age period (below). Comparable, though more complete, vessels of tripartite form have been recorded from sites in the area including Marnel Park and Merton Rise, Popley (Wright et al. 2009b, 12, fig. 10).

Dating/stylistic affinities and discussion This assemblage, although small and well-fragmented, provides consistent evidence for dating in the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (c. 9th/8th to 7th/6th centuries BC). Ready comparisons can be made with assemblages from the region, and within the immediate area (Wright et al. 2009b; Barclay 2009). The fabrics, typically comprising admixtures of iron-rich quartz sand and fine calcined flint, compare to those recorded for Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery from previous excavations in the locality (Barclay 2009), and in the wider region, for example from Reading Business Park (Hall 1992) and Petter’s Sports Field, Egham, Surrey (O’Connell 1986).

The larger, coarseware jars, such as that described from pit 1016, with tall, upright necks and fingertip ornament, are a form common to Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age assemblages in the region. The base sherds, with additional flint grits to the underside, are similarly known from this period in the area, for example from Reading Business Park (Hall 1992, 69). Key to dating are the ‘furrowed’ (and plain) carinated bowls, at least six of which are represented from this site. The furrowed bowl tradition has its origins amongst the 8th/7th-century Early All Cannings Cross style from Wessex, which persisted into the Later All Cannings style and other related Early Iron Age styles, with a date-range probably extending later than the 6th century BC. The preponderance (in a small group) of furrowed bowls is in contrast to the typically low numbers of such forms present among groups of the period from the Thames valley, and may indicate that this assemblage is stylistically more comparable to contemporary groups from Wiltshire/southern Hampshire.

25 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

APPENDIX D: FIRED/BURNT CLAY

Fired/Burnt Clay by Jacky Sommerville A total of 92 fragments (293g) of fired clay was recovered via hand excavation of two deposits, and the bulk soil sampling of five deposits. Most of the material is buff/orange in colour, with a small number of grey fragments, and all is soft-fired. The fragments from fill 1019, of pit 1016, are mostly coarse and vesicular, with a small number containing flint inclusions. Flint was also present in fragments from fill 1020, also of pit 1016. The remaining fragments contain what appears to be degraded rock, or no visible inclusions. All of the fired clay is amorphous, with no features indicative of a specific form or function.

APPENDIX E: WORKED STONE

The Worked Stone by Ruth Shaffrey Three pieces of stone were retained and submitted for analysis, all from context 1018. One of these is a fragment of quern with a flat, pecked surface, probably from a saddle quern. A second fragment has a slightly convex, pecked grinding surface, and is probably part of a grain rubber. It has what appears to be secondary percussion damage to the centre of the surviving grinding surface, and may have been reused as a small anvil. A third fragment may also be from a quern, but retains no original surfaces, and it is consequently not possible to identify in further detail.

The saddle quern fragment is of quartzite, and the other two fragments are of pale quartzitic sandstones. Such rocks are typical of saddle querns and rubbers in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Basingstoke region, for example at Old Kempshott Lane (Hayward 2012), while Roman rotary querns tended to utilise stone from the major suppliers such as Greensand from Lodsworth in Sussex, for example at Winchester Road, Basingstoke (Shaffrey, forthcoming).

Table 4: Catalogue of stone

Ctx Function Notes Size Wt (g) Lithology 1018 Quern With flat grinding surface dressed with Measurements 876 Pale beige fragment neat pecking and now moderately are quartzite worn. No other original faces survive so indeterminate it is not possible to determine if it is from a saddle or a rotary quern. 1018 Rubber With part of flat/very slightly convex Measures 55mm 708 Pale beige fragment grinding surface, pecked but with thick. Surviving quartzitic percussion damage in the centre of the grinding surface sandstone fragment, suggesting some reuse as an measures 102 x anvil. The grinding surface is especially 127mm worn and smooth at one of the broken edges. Other faces are natural faces of large cobble and are worn, probably

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naturally. 1018 Possible quern Could be from a quern, as is of quern Measurements 384 Pale beige fragment material, but is a broken piece without are quartzitic any original faces so it is not possible to indeterminate sandstone be certain.

APPENDIX F: CHARCOAL AND CHARRED PLANT REMAINS by Shiela Boardman

Introduction Eleven samples (8-20 litres in volume), from eight prehistoric pit features, were examined for wood charcoal and charred plant remains. Ten samples produced identifiable wood charcoal. These samples were examined, using a mixture of rapid analysis and detailed assessment. Four samples produced small quantities of other charred remains. These were examined in their entirety. In addition to contributing to understanding of the pit features and their use, it was hoped that the plant material might shed light on the possible date(s) of these features.

Methods The samples were processed at Cotswold Archaeology, using combined flotation and wet- sieving. The flots were collected in sieves with mesh sizes of 1mm and 0.25mm, and the residues on 0.5mm meshes. The residues were pre-sorted by staff at Cotswold Archaeology, and also sent to the author for checking. The entire flots were sorted for charred plant remains (cereals, seeds, nutshells, etc.), and where these were not readily identifiable, they were compared to modern reference materials and keys. For the charcoal analysis, each flot was gently dry-sieved at 2mm, and potentially identifiable fragments (greater than 2mm in size) were extracted. Individual fragments were fractured by hand and sorted into groups, based on features observed in transverse section, at magnifications of x10 - x40. The fragments were then fractured along their radial and tangential planes, and examined at magnifications of up to x400, using a Lomo Biolam-Metam P1 metallurgical microscope. Identifications were made using keys in Hather (2000), Gale and Cutler (2000) and Schweingruber (1990), and by comparison with modern slide-reference material. Five samples were rapidly analysed (with 66-70 charcoal fragments examined per sample), two were assessed in detail (36 fragments examined per sample), and three were scanned (5-16 fragments examined/sample, but transverse sections only). Nomenclature follows Zohary et al (2012) for the cereals, and Stace (2010) for the other species.

27 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Results (Tables 5 & 6)

Wood charcoal (Table 5) Anatomical features observed on the wood charcoal from the Marnel Park samples are consistent with the following taxa groups. The results are listed by sample, as fragment counts per taxon, in Table 5.

Table 5: Wood Charcoal by context

Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit Pit

Feature type 103 Cut 1002 1006 1008 1014 1016 1016 1016 1023 1023 101 Context No. 1003 1007 1009 1015 1018 1019 1019 1024 1025

Sample No. 305 300 302 304 303 309 310 306 307 311

Volume 20 16 13 8 18 13 17 18 8 5

Rosaceae blackthorn/cher Prunus sp. ry ------1 - Pomoideae hawthorn group - 1 3r ------

Fagaceae 63hs 36h Quercus oak X 40sh 48sh X 60sh X 63hs 27sh

Betulaceae

Betula birch x 20 7 X 2 - - - 1 - Corylus avellana L. hazel - 1 - - - - - 1 - -

Salicaceae

Salix/Populus willow/poplar - 2 5 1 - 2 2 6 -

Sapindaceae

Acer campestre L. field maple - 3 - - 1 - - - - - cf. Acer campestre cf. field maple - 3 - - 1 - - - - -

Oleaceae

Fraxinus excelsior L. ash - - 3 - 1 - - - - -

Indeterminate charcoal x - - - - - 1 - 1 - Total fragments 12 70 66 16 66 5 66 66 36 36 KEY: Counts include: h - heartwood; s - sapwood; r - roundwood; b- bark. Assessed samples: x - taxon present; X - taxon dominant/co-dominant. Pomoideae may include: Pyrus (pear), Malus (apple), Crataegus (hawthorn) & Sorbus (rowan, service, whitebeam) species.

28 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Rosaceae Subfamily Pomoideae - includes Crataegus spp., hawthorn, Malus sp. apple, Pyrus sp., pear and Sorbus spp., rowan, whitebeam and/service. One or more of these anatomically similar taxa may be represented. Subfamily Prunoideae – Prunus sp., blackthorn/cherry. Fagaceae Quercus spp., oak (either Q. robur L., Q. petraea, or their hybrids). Betulaceae Betula sp., birch, Corylus avellana L., hazel. Salicaceae Salix/Populus, willow/poplar (or willow/aspen). Sapindaceae Acer campestre L., field maple. Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior L., ash.

Charred plant remains (Table 6) The charred plant remains from four samples are listed in Table 6, below. They included hulled barley, possible oat and indeterminate cereal grains and fragments. Three samples had hazelnut (Corylus avellana) shell fragments, and there were a few seeds/fruits of possible cultivation weeds, including cleavers (Galium aparine), vetch/wild pea (Vicia sp./Lathyrus sp.), sedge (Carex sp.) and grasses (Poaceae). These remains are discussed below.

29 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

Table 6: Charred Plant Remains by context

Feature type Pit fill Pit fill Pit fill Pit fill

Cut 1006 1008 1016 1016

Context No. 1007 1009 1018 1019

Sample No. 300 302 303 310

Volume 16 13 18 17

Cereals

Hordeum vulgare L. barley, hulled grain 2

cf. Avena sp. cf. oats, grain 1F

Cereal indet. grain 1 + F 1.5

Cereal indet. rachis internode 1F

Other species

Vicia sp./Lathyrus sp. <2 mm small vetch/wild pea 4 1

Corylus avellana L. hazelnut shell 2F 5F 3F Galium aparine L. goosegrass, cleavers 5 + F 11 1 + F 4 Carex sp. sedge, biconvex seed 1

Poaceae undifferentiated grass, small 2

Indeterminate seed/fruit 1 2 1F 1 Indeterminate leaf bud 3 Key: F - fragment(s)

Discussion Wood charcoal Two samples (309 and 311) produced solely oak (Quercus) charcoal, and most of the other samples were oak-dominated. Much of the oak was from sapwood, indicating that branches or immature trees were mainly used, although some longer-lived (heartwood) elements were also present throughout the samples. Assessed sample 304 (context 1015) appeared to have roughly equal proportions of oak and birch (Betula). The non-oak taxa, in order of overall numbers of fragments, were birch, willow/poplar (Salix/Populus), field maple (Acer campestre), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hawthorn group (Pomoideae), hazel (Corylus avellana) and blackthorn/cherry (Prunus). The presence of birch in six of the ten samples hints that the excavated features were in use during a period (or periods) of woodland regeneration. The presence of willow/poplar indicates that some damper areas were exploited. Overall, the range of tree and shrub taxa in the Marnel Park samples suggests mixed deciduous woodland. There was very little evidence for thorny (hedgerow or scrub) vegetation.

30 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

A broadly similar range of charcoal taxa was identified by Barnett (2009) in Late Neolithic to Early Iron Age deposits from earlier excavations at Marnel Park and Merton Rise (Popley) (Wright et al 2009), although birch charcoal was only present as a single fragment in one Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age sample. Individual samples from the earlier excavations were also dominated by oak roundwood, alder (Alnus glutinosa), hazel (Corylus avellana) and hawthorn group (Pomoideae) (Barnett 2009), so they were more variable than the current Marnel park ones (Table 5). Across the region, birch charcoal seems to be most prevalent at sites contemporary with the early development of agriculture (c.3500 – 1350 cal BC), but this also occurs sporadically at later sites (Smith 2002), presumably reflecting local re-colonisations of trees, as here.

Charred plant remains The cereals, nut shell fragments, and other remains, probably represent domestic activities (such as small-scale crop cleaning or food preparation) which took place close to the pits. The cultivated species do not provide any additional indication of the age of these features. Hulled barley was cultivated from the Neolithic period onwards, and the oat grain fragment may be from a wild or cultivated species, and therefore could date to almost any period (Greig 1991).

Wheat, possibly emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and/or spelt (T. spelta), was identified by Pelling (2009) in Bronze Age samples from the earlier site of Marnel Park and Merton Rise (Popley) (Wright et al 2009a). Spelt, hulled barley and (predominantly wild) oats seem to be present by the Roman period. The Roman-period samples from the earlier site also had some concentrations of small legume (including Vicia sp./ Lathyrus sp.) seeds (Pelling 2009). Increased numbers of small legume seeds in grain samples from Iron Age and Roman- period sites across southern Britain is thought to reflect widespread problems with soil fertility at this time (Greig 1991). The small concentration of small legume seeds in one sample (302) from the current Marnel Park site (Table 6) could tentatively suggest a later (Iron Age/Roman) date for this feature, although these seeds may be present in deposits of any period.

Conclusions The principal wood fuel used in the period associated with the pits at Marnel Park was oak. On the basis of the overall range of taxa, fuel wood seems to have been collected from mixed deciduous woodland, possibly with some damper elements. Oak sapwood, rather than heartwood, may have been selected as this was easier to remove, or because mature oak trees were in short supply (i.e. reserved for uses such as construction). The tree and

31 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation shrub taxa are consistent with a prehistoric date for the pits. The near absence of thorny species, such as blackthorn and hawthorn, may reflect fuel selection practices, or possibly an earlier prehistoric date for these deposits, when regional woodlands were more closed.

32 © Cotswold Archaeology Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation

APPENDIX G: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Marnel Park Phase 2 Short description Excavation identified a single phase of activity dating to the late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age periods, and comprising an apparently isolated group of eight pits, some of which were intercutting. The fills of three pits contained notably more charcoal and charred plant remains, and appeared to be more domestic in character. Other pits appeared to have been backfilled with redeposited natural subsoil, and were difficult to identify. One pit contained quantities of fired clay, together with remains of pottery vessels which appeared to have been broken in situ, and may therefore represent a structured deposit. Pottery was found to be in degraded condition in all features, and correspondingly difficult to excavate.

Some of the small assemblage of worked flint recovered from the pits is likely to be residual, and thus representative of transient activity on and around the site in earlier prehistoric periods. The Marnel Park (Phase 2) site is principally of local interest, and has provided evidence of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age activity within the environs of the excavated Merton Rise site, to the west.

Project dates 15 - 27 February, 2018 Project type Excavation Previous work Field Walking Survey (TVAS 2014) Field Evaluation (TVAS 2017)

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Marnel Park, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire Study area (M2/ha) 0.13ha Site co-ordinates 463681 155198 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Hampshire County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Ray Kennedy Project Supervisor Jeremy Clutterbuck MONUMENT TYPE Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pits SIGNIFICANT FINDS Pottery PROJECT ARCHIVES Hampshire Cultural Trust (Accession Content (e.g. pottery, no. A2018.6) animal bone etc)

Physical Pottery, worked flint, fired clay Paper Context sheets, drawn plans and sections, registers, matrices etc Digital Database, digital photos, geomatics data etc BIBLIOGRAPHY CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2018 Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, North Basingstoke, Hampshire: Archaeological Excavation. CA typescript report 18136

33 462000 464000 466000

157000

155000 Marnel Park Phase 1 Areas (WA 2004 - 2008) E D F

A

B

C

Daneshill

153000

N Andover 01264 347630 OXFORDSHIRE Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185

READING SLOUGH Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 London w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk WEST Site boundary e [email protected] BOUROUGH OF BERKSHIRE SWINDON PROJECT TITLE WINDSOR AND Excavated area WOKINGHAM MAIDENHEAD Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, WILTSHIRE BRACKNELL FOREST Basingstoke, Hampshire SURREY Previous investigations FIGURE TITLE HAMPSHIRE Site location plan 0 1km WEST SUSSEX DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 FIGURE NO. CITY OF © Crown copyright and database rights 2018 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 SOUTHAMPTON Ordnance Survey 0100031673 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 N m 0 2 0 100m haeology.co.uk FIGURE NO. FIGURE NO. FIGURE 01264 347630 01285 771022 01392 826185 01908 564660 01908 564660 cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 01285 771022 @ 01392 826185 enquiries@cotswoldarc www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 779044 16/05/2018 1:2000 / 1:500 e Andover Cirencester Exeter Milton Keynes w 770712 16/05/2018 1:2,000 www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 01264 347630 Andover Cirencester Exeter Milton Keynes w e enquiries 1:2,000 PROJECT NO SCALE@A3 DATE PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A3 Site boundary Site slope of top - Topo Section line feature Cut ofbreak slope excavated - drain Field Modern Natural Treethrow top of excavation Limit bottom of excavation Limit Site boundary area Excavation trench evaluation Previous Archaeology Services, 2017) Valley (Thames Archaeological feature Modern Treethrow Field drain EE DJB RM Cotswold Archaeology RJH xx RK 01 0 Ordnance Survey 0100031673 and database rights copyright 2018 Ordnance Survey © Crown Marnel Park Phase Popley, 2, Hampshire Basingstoke, PROJECT TITLE FIGURE TITLE Plan Plan showing area excavation Area location plan, showing archaeological features and previous evaluation trenches PROJECT TITLE FIGURE TITLE © Crown copyright anddatabase rights[year of or supply date Ordnanceof publication] Survey 0100031673 Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire DRAWN BY DRAWN CHECKED BY APPROVED BY APPROVED BY APPROVED CHECKED BY CHECKED DRAWN BY m 5 25m inset

Jersey Close 1:500 pit 1006

B

Guernsey Close Guernsey Marl’s Lane Marl’s

B pit 1008 D C C 1021 0 02 A D A

464000 E E pits pits 1016/1031 1027 pit 1023

1002/1004/1014 Warner Close Warner

intact topsoil

Penton Way

Road 463800 Cleeve

spoilheap

pits

Drive observation Egerton inset pit observation

Hewitt Road

Road

Gardiner

terrace natural

resources re-deposited stored building

463600

Hewitt Road Hewitt

155400 155200 155000

d x m . 7 2 02 8 1 aster_ m _ 2 \77071 S I ire\G sh p m Ha

, ke singsto a B y, y, e l p 2, Po 2, hase P ark ark P l l Marne

2 77071 \ th: P: th: a P

t n cume o D Box slot within pit 1004 chasing large fragments of pottery, showing the similarity in appearance of North-west and south-west facing sections through pit 1004, showing excavated section through upper fill 1013 to the natural geology 1001, looking south-west (0.5m and 0.2m scales) pits 1002 and 1014 in background, as excavated by Thames Valley Archaeological Services in 2017 (pits 6 & 7) (0.4m and 0.2m scales)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Fully excavated pits 1002, 1004 and 1014, looking south (1m scale) Pits 1002, 1004 and 1014, photographs

FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A3 NA 3 N

A

pit 1004

pit 1014

pit 1002 A

011:20 m

Section AA

SE NW 87.4m AOD 1015 pit 1014 1013

1003 1005

pit 1004

pit 1002

011:20 m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire A A Section location FIGURE TITLE Pits 1002, 1004 and 1014, plan and section

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A4 1:20 4 Section BB

EW 87.8m AOD re-deposited re-deposited natural 1007 natural

1030

pit 1006

011:20 m

Fully excavated pit 1006 with pit 1008 in background, looking south-west (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Working shot of the fill 1007 within pit 1006, showing re-deposited clay on south-east edge, Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 looking south-west (0.5m scale) Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Pit 1006, section and photographs

FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A3 1:20 5 Section CC

SW NE 87.7m AOD

1009 1010 1011 1012 1026

pit 1008

011:20 m

Fully excavated pit 1008, looking south-west (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 South-east facing section of southern quadrant of pit 1008 showing upper stratigraphy (0.5m scale) Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Pit 1008, section and photographs

FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A3 1:20 6 N

D

pit 1016

D

pit 1031

treethrow Treethrow 1021 Field drain A A Section location

011:20 m

View south across fully excavated pits 1016 and 1031, with treethrow 1021 inmediately to the south (1m scale)

Section DD

SE NW 87.7m AOD 1020

land drain 1018

1019

pit 1016

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 1017 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Pottery vessel fragments w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] pit 1031 PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire 011:20 m FIGURE TITLE Pits 1016 and 1031, plan, section and photographs Working shot of pits 1016 and 1031, looking south-west (0.4m and 0.5m scale)

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A3 1:20 7 Section EE

NS 87.1m AOD 1025

1024 1029

pit 1023

011:20 m

Pit 1023, looking east (0.5m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Pit 1023, section and photograph

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A4 1:20 8 pit 1023

pit 1014

pit 1002 pit 1004

pit 1008 pit 1016

pit 1031

pit 1006

South-east view across all pits (2m and 1m scales)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Marnel Park Phase 2, Popley, Basingstoke, Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Overall site photograph with pits numbered

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 779044 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 16/05/2018 APPROVED BY RM SCALE@A4 NA 9

34