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Dossier De Classement Au Titre Des Sites De La Côte De Nuits Étude

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Dossier De Classement Au Titre Des Sites De La Côte De Nuits Étude Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits Étude paysagère Novembre 2014 L’étude paysagère du dossier de classement du site de la Côte de Nuits vise à mettre en évidence l’identité patrimoniale du site définir le caractère remarquable de son paysage à travers l’analyse de ses composantes, enjeux et tendances d’évolution. Elle a pour objectif d’aboutir à une proposition de périmètre de protection complétée d’un cahier d’orientations de gestion dans le but de « conserver les caractéristiques du site en le préservant de toute atteinte à l’esprit des lieux » (cf. loi du 2 mai 1930 reprise dans le Code de l’Environnement). 2 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE Sommaire Préambulee p.4 I - Portrait paysager p.7 a. Un socle chevalet du paysage p.8 b. Un paysage frise témoin de l’histoire p.10 c. Un paysage cultivé et habité p.12 d. Un territoire déjà reconnu et protégé p.14 e. Un paysage pittoresque p.16 II - Les clés de lecture de l’enveloppe paysagère de la Côte de nuits p.19 a. Les mots du paysage, un vocabulaire décliné au sein d’une même entité p.20 b. Entrer dans la Côte de Nuits, les seuils et portes du site p.21 c. Parcourir la Côte de Nuits, un système de circulation Nord-Sud qui sillonne la même entité p.22 d. Découvrir la Côte de Nuits, un paysage en ricochet qui conforte l’entité du site p.23 e. Franchir la Côte de Nuits, des profils transversaux similaires d’Est en ouest p.24 f. Comprendre l’organisation linéaire de la Côte de Nuits, les fuseaux du paysage p.25 III - Perceptions et Sensations p. 27 a. Le paysage mosaïque, de Marsannay-la-Côte à Gevrey-Chambertin p.30 b. Le paysage mitoyen, Gevrey-Chambertin p.32 c. Le paysage écrin, de Gevrey-Chambertin à Nuits-Saint-Georges p.33 Tendances d’évolution et enjeux p. 37 a. L’identité de la Côte de Nuits p.38 b. Les entrées de la Côte de Nuits p.39 c. Les voies de communication de la côte de Nuits p.40 d. Le développement urbain de la Côte de Nuits p.41 e. Les climats de la Côte de Nuits p.42 f. La biodiversité de la Côte de Nuits p.43 g. L’entité de la Côte de Nuits p.44 Annexe - compilation cartographique p.47 Bibliographie - Principales références utilisées p.59 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE 3 Préambule Le projet de classement de la Côte de Nuits est porté par la DREAL Bourgogne. Il reçoit le soutien de l’association des Climats du vignoble de Bourgogne, candidate à l’inscription sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Il constitue un des objectifs du plan de gestion du dossier de candidature et s’inscrit avec cohérence dans une dynamique de protection et de valorisation des paysages viticoles initiée de longue date par le classement de la Côte méridionale de Beaune dès 1992. Il vise à préserver la continuité paysagère forgée par l’activité Le territoire d’étude de la Côte de Nuits s’étend sur 15 km de vitivinicole du Sud de Beaune jusqu’à Dijon. Ce projet de long et 4 km de large. Il regroupe 12 communes situées au Sud classement fait aussi écho au projet de classement de la partie de Dijon. Sa superficie totale est de 128 km2. Nord de la Côte de Beaune. Région Bourgogne 4 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE Les communes concernées Aire d’étude du Nord au Sud Marsannay-la-Côte Couchey Fixin Brochon Gevrey-Chambertin 15 km Morey Saint-Denis Chambolle-Musigny Vougeot Gilly-les-Citeaux Flagey-Echezeaux Vosne-Romanée Nuits-Saint-Georges 4 km La Côte de Nuits 12 communes - Un paysage remarquable de renommée internationale à travers ses appellations viticoles prestigieuses - « Les Champs Elysées de la Bourgogne » 12 800 hectares - Candidate au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO depuis 2006 - Dans le prolongement de la Côte de méridionale de Beaune classée au titre des sites depuis 1992 19 074 habitants Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE 5 6 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE I - Portrait paysager Le paysage de la Côte de Nuits est empreint d’une identité viticole. Il s’organise sur un socle géomorphologique favorable à la culture de la vigne. Sols, exposition, drainage composent un contexte idéal pour la vigne. Les hommes, au fil du temps, ont su exploiter et valoriser cette richesse. Leurs savoir-faire ont progressivement dessiné les traits du paysage pour lui donner sa dimension patrimoniale. Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE 7 a. Un socle chevalet du paysage A l’échelle du grand paysage, la position et l’inclinaison de la Côte de Nuits suggèrent la forme d’un chevalet au premier plan duquel le vignoble s’expose. Un événement géologique majeur Le relief caractéristique de la Côte de Nuits tire ses origines du plissement alpin, il y a 30 millions d’années. Les mouvements tectoniques provoquent la création d’une grande faille et d’un effondrement d’environ 1 000 mètres. Cette fracture du socle Effondrement de la plaine de la Saône granitique fait remonter à la surface des couches calcaires et argileuses du Jurassique moyen. De Nuits-Saint-Georges à Dijon, une ondulation convexe vers le haut (anticlinal de Gevrey) fait affleurer les couches les plus anciennes. Plissement alpin Une marche qui souligne deux grands ensembles du relief Bourguignon Tel un ruban, le relief de la Côte marque avec douceur la transition entre la plaine de la Saône et les premiers reliefs à l’Ouest, dits de La Montagne. Action de l’érosion Une côte linéaire et continue Le recul offert par la plaine agricole met en valeur le profil viticole des pentes. Cette composition topographique du grand paysage est favorable à l’observation, avec une orientation et une inclinaison qui placent l’observateur dans un rapport visuel privilégié de découverte. Une succession de combes cisèle finement la Côte. Leur présence donne sa profondeur au paysage. Vue Ouest en direction de Morey Saint-Denis - T&P/CS - 2014 8 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE Une géomorphologie optimale pour la culture « Le klima grec désigne l’inclinaison d’un lieu sur la de la vigne terre. C’était aussi une unité romaine d’environ 324 m2 utilisée pour mesurer la surface de terrains à cultiver. Les substrats sont idéalement inclinés et drainés. Le terme est utilisé depuis le XVIe siècle pour désigner Le bas des versants de la Côte est généralement recouvert une parcelle délimitée et dénommée, associée au vin de débris calcaires (éboulis) mais aussi de colluvions qu’elle produit »* et limons apportés par les eaux de ruissellement. Ces formations s’étalent sous forme de «cônes de déjection» * Étude de définition et d’opportunité des protections et des modes au débouché des combes qui échancrent régulièrement de gestion à mettre en œuvre sur le territoire viticole de la Côte d’Or, la Côte. La quantité et la nature des éboulis, colluvions Association pour l’inscription des climats du vignoble de Bourgogne au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, octobre 2012. et limons varient en fonction de la pente. Ces matériaux forment le manteau de terre du vignoble, le patchwork des climats qui s’exprime depuis plusieurs siècles dans les vins de Bourgogne. Les climats bourguignons : un vocabulaire spécifique dédié au paysage viticole Les noms des climats parlent de paysage. En atteste la diversité des noms évoquant les coteaux, les substrats pierreux, la roche... comme les nombreuses perrières qui correspondent à d’anciennes carrières. Certains noms font référence aux friches, chaumes ou bien encore à la Vigne sur une ancienne carrière à Gevrey-Chambertin - T&P/CS - 2014 végétation spontanée révélatrice des aptitudes viticoles du sol. Les buissons ou bouchots, boucherottes, boichots pour les bois et buissières pour le buis. D’autres noms font référence à l’histoire. La Romanée, grand cru de Vosne-Romanée, semble garder le souvenir historique de la viticulture gallo-romaine pour signifier le passage d’un ancien chemin supposé romain. Clos de la Perrière à Fixin - T&P/CS - 2014 Les Buissières à Gevrey-Chambertin - T&P/CS - 2014 Dossier de classement au titre des sites de la Côte de Nuits - Étude paysagère - Décembre 2014 - Territoires & Paysages / Coralie SCRIBE 9 b. Un paysage frise témoin de l’histoire La trame des villages, les limites des parcelles viticoles formées par les chemins, les murs, les murets ou les murgers témoignent de l’histoire des lieux. Ces éléments tangibles de l’histoire du paysage sont des clés de lecture qui attestent de la vocation viticole de tout un territoire. Du grand paysage à la parcelle de vignes, la Côte de Nuits se déroule comme une frise chronologique dédiée à l’histoire de la viticulture. 1er siècle de notre ère - Les premières vignes de plaine et l’émergence du parcellaire A l’époque romaine, le couloir Rhône - Saône est un axe stratégique pour le déplacement des légions romaines entre Provence et Flandres.
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