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List of Muscles of the Human Body

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Head Scalp/Eyelid Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist 2 occipital bellies and 2 galea raises the occipitofrontalis facial nerve frontal bellies. aponeurotica eyebrows superior nuchal line of posterior the occipital bone galea occipitalis occipital artery auricular nerve mastoid part of the aponeurotica (facial nerve) temporal bone mastoid wrinkles frontalis galea aponeurotica ophthalmic artery facial nerve process eyebrow frontal bone; medial lateral ophthalmic, levator zygomatic closes orbicularis oculi palpebral ligament; palpebral zygomatico- palpebrae branch of facial eyelids lacrimal bone raphe orbital, angular superioris forehead corrugator wrinkles superciliary arches skin, near facial nerve supercilii forehead eyebrow medial Depresses depressor medial orbital rim aspect of facial nerve the supercilii bony orbit eyebrow Extraocular muscles Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist levator orbicularis tarsal plate, upper oculomotor retracts//elevates palpebrae sphenoid bone ophthalmic artery oculi eyelid nerve eyelid superioris muscle underside of raise the superior superior tarsal plate sympathetic levator palpebrae upper tarsal of the eyelid nervous system superioris eyelid ophthalmic frontal bone, levator artery, orbicularis medial palpebral lateral palpebral facial palpebrae zygomatico- closes the eyelids oculi ligament, and raphe nerve superioris orbital artery, lacrimal bone muscle angular artery Rectus muscles annulus of Zinn elevates, adducts, 7.5 mm superior to oculomotor superior at the orbital and rotates medially the corneal limbus nerve apex the eye 6.5 mm inferior depression inferior branch of inferior to the corneal and oculomotor nerve limbus adduction 5.5 mm medial inferior division adducts the medial to the corneal of the oculomotor eyeball limbus nerve 7 mm temporal abducts the lateral to the corneal abducens nerve eyeball limbus Oblique muscles annulus of Zinn primary: intorsion. outer posterior lateral muscular at the orbital trochlear secondary:abduct superior quadrant of the branch of the apex, medial to nerve (laterally rotate) and eyeball ophthalmic artery optic canal depress the eyeball orbital surface of laterally onto the the maxilla, eyeball, deep to the oculomotor extorsion, elevation, inferior lateral to the lateral rectus, by a nerve abduction lacrimal groove short flat tendon Intraocular Ear Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist front of the helix, galeal auriculares cranial surface of facial nerve (Wiggle ears) aponeurosis the pinna auriculares temporoparietalis galea aponeurotica muscles control the amplitude stapedius neck of stapes facial nerve of sound waves to the inner ear superior medial pterygoid Eustachian handle of the tensing the tympanic tensor tympani tympanic nerve from tube malleus membrane artery mandibular nerve Nose Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist Draws down the skin of the lower from fascia over the medial angle of the part of the buccal branch of procerus lower of the nasal eyebrow, giving forehead between the facial nerve bone expressions of the eyebrows frowning Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nasalis maxilla nasal bone nose, elevates corners of nostrils margin of the nasal skin near the dilatator notch of the maxilla, margin of the dilation of nostrils naris greater and lesser nostril alar cartilages nasal septum and depressor incisive fossa of the back part of the depression of nasal septi nasi maxilla alar part of septum nasalis muscle levator dilates the nostril; labii superior nostril and upper elevates the upper superioris maxilla labial lip lip and wing of the alaeque artery nose nasi Mouth Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist levator facial facial smile (elevates anguli oris maxilla modiolus of mouth artery nerve angle of mouth) (caninus) mandibular depressor facial branch of depresses angle of anguli oris tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth artery facial mouth (triangularis) nerve buccal skin and muscle of the superior levator labii medial infra-orbital branch of Elevates the upper upper lip (labii labial superioris margin the facial lip superioris) artery nerve oblique line of the integument of the depressor inferior mandible, between the lower lip, orbicularis facial Depresses the labii labial symphysis and the oris fibers, its fellow of nerve lower lip inferioris artery mental foramen the opposite side mandibular elevates and branch of wrinkles skin of mentalis anterior mandible chin facial chin, protrudes nerve lower lip alveolar processes of the buccal compress the maxillary bone and in the fibres of the buccal branch of cheeks against the buccinator mandible, orbicularis oris artery the facial teeth (blowing), pterygomandibular raphe nerve mastication. orbicularis pucker the maxilla and mandible skin around the lips oris lips draw back facial risorius parotid fascia modiolus angle of artery mouth Zygomatic muscles buccal draws angle of anterior of zygomatic facial branch of major modiolus of mouth mouth upward and bone artery the facial laterally nerve facial nerve, elevates minor zygomatic bone skin of the upper lip buccal upper lip branch Mastication Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist elevation (as in coronoid closing of the zygomatic arch and process and masseteric platysma masseter masseteric nerve (V3) mouth) and maxilla ramus of artery muscle retraction of mandible mandible coronoid temporal lines on the third branch (mandibular elevation and process of deep temporalis parietal bone of the nerve) of the trigeminal retraction of the temporal skull nerve mandible mandible Pterygoid muscles pterygoid great wing of external pterygoid nerve condyle of branches of depresses lateral sphenoid and from the mandibular mandible maxillary mandible pterygoid plate nerve artery deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate mandibular medial elevates mandible, behind the upper nerve via angle of closes jaw, helps lateral medial teeth nerve to the pterygoids in moving the superficial head: medial mandible jaw from side to side pyramidal process of pterygoid palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity Tongue Extrinsic Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist Superior part of Dorsum of Complex - Inferior fibers protrude mental spine of tongue and Lingual hypoglossal the tongue, middle fibers depress genioglossus mandible body of artery nerve the tongue, and its superior fibers (symphysis hyoid draw the tip back and down menti) side of the hypoglossal hyoglossus hyoid depresses tongue tongue nerve intrinsic lesser cornu and depresses tongue (some consider muscular hypoglossal chondroglossus body of the this muscle to be part of fibers of nerve hyoid bone hyoglossus) the tongue inferior and Styloid process Hypoglossal middle styloglossus tongue elevates and retracts tongue of temporal bone nerve fibers of genioglossus vagus nerve palatine and cranial palatoglossus tongue raising the back part of the tongue aponeurosis accessory nerve Intrinsic Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist shortens, turns tip superior close to the epiglottis, from edges of the hypoglossal upward, turns lateral longitudinal the median fibrous septum tongue nerve margins upward sides of the hypoglossal transversus median fibrous septum narrows and elongates tongue nerve inferior apex of the Hypoglossal shortens, retracts, pulls root of the tongue longitudinal tongue nerve tip downward inferior surface verticalis hypoglossal dorsum of tongue borders of flattens muscle nerve tongue Soft palate Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist temporal Aids in levator veli bone, palatine swallowing by facial artery vagus nerve palatini Eustachian aponeurosis elevating the soft tube palate medial Aids in medial pterygoid swallowing by tensor veli pterygoid of plate of the controlling the palatini mandibular sphenoid tension of the soft nerve bone palate Moves and pharyngeal musculus uvulae hard palate changes shape of plexus the uvula Aids in vagus nerve and respiration by palatine palatoglossus tongue cranial accessory raising the back aponeurosis nerve part of the tongue Aids in palatine upper border of vagus nerve and respiration by aponeurosis thyroid cartilage palatopharyngeus facial artery cranial accessory pulling the and hard (blends with nerve pharynx and palate constrictor fibers) larynx Pharynx Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist pharyngeal elevate the branches of larynx, temporal styloid thyroid cartilage glossopharyngeal stylopharyngeus ascending elevate the process (pharynx) nerve pharyngeal pharynx, artery swallowing posterior vagus nerve and cartilage of the fasciculus of the raise the salpingopharyngeus cranial accessory Eustachian tube pharyngopalatinus nasopharynx nerve muscle Pharyngeal muscles pharyngeal branches of external cricoid and thyroid inferior pharyngeal raphe ascending laryngeal branch Swallowing cartilage pharyngeal of the vagus artery middle hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe vagus nerve Swallowing medial pterygoid plate, pharyngeal raphe, superior pterygomandibular pharyngeal vagus nerve Swallowing raphé, alveolar tubercle process Larynx Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist inferior cornu external anterior and and lamina of laryngeal tension and elongation of the vocal cricothyroid lateral cricoid the thyroid branch of folds (has minor adductory effect) cartilage cartilage the vagus recurrent arytenoid arytenoid laryngeal approximate the arytenoid arytenoid cartilage on cartilage
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