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Selye Vajda-Barnabas__Layout 1 Vajda Barnabás et al. Barnabás Vajda a kol. Forms of Political and Media Propaganda in Central Europe, Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary (1938-1968) Formy politicko-mediálnej propagandy v strednej Európe, Česko-Slovensku a Maďarsku (1938-1968) A politikai és mediális propaganda formái Közép-Európában, Cseh-Szlovákiában és Magyarországon (1938-1968) Reviewers / Lektorok / Recenzenti: Doc. Anna Mazurkiewicz, Uniwersytet Gdański Doc. Martin Pekár, Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach Nyelvi lektor / Jazyková korektúra: PaedDr. Puskás Andrea, PhD. Publikácia vychádza ako záverečná správa z riešenia projektu VEGA číslo 1/0158 /14: Formy politicko-mediálnej propagandy v strednej Európe, Česko- Slovensku a Maďarsku (1938-1968); A politikai és mediális propaganda formái Közép-Európában, Cseh-Szlovákiában és Magyarországon (1938-1968); Forms of Political and Media Propaganda in Central Europe, Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary (1938-1968). This book is an outcome of the VEGA project No. 1/0158/14 at the History Department of the University J. Selye, with Barnabás Vajda acting as an editor of the book. A kiadvány tördelése az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma és a PRO SELYE UNIVERSITAS n.o. támogatásával készült. Vajda Barnabás et al. Barnabás Vajda a kol. Forms of Political and Media Propaganda in Central Europe, Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary (1938–1968) Formy politicko-mediálnej propagandy v strednej Európe, Česko-Slovensku a Maďarsku (1938–1968) A politikai és mediális propaganda formái Közép-Európában, Cseh-Szlová- kiában és Magyarországon (1938–1968) Selye János Egyetem Tanárképző Kara Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity J. Selyeho Faculty of Education of University of J. Selye Komárno / Komárom 2016 © Authors / Szerzők / Autori : David Schriffl(National Socialism, Communism and Liberal Democracy. Propaganda, Information and Consumption. Vienna's media influence in Slovakia in the 20th century) Milan Olejník (Year 1938 – a period since the Anschluss of Austria till the Munich Agreement – in reflections of the Slovak contemporary press) Simon Attila (For the „Just Borders”. The Issue of the Trianon State Borders in the 1938 Propaganda War between Czechoslovakia and Hungary Targeted on Southern Slovakia) Tatsuya Nakazawa (The exaltation of the Slovak State and its entry into the Tripartite Pact in Japanese media propaganda, 1939–1940) Popély Árpád (The Bratislava Új Szó and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The Anti- revolutionary Propaganda in the Hungarian-language Daily of the Communist Party of Slovakia) Peter Jašek (Year 1968 in the broadcasting of the Radio Vaticana Slovak Desk - focusing on the situation in Czechoslovakia from January to August) Karl P. Benziger (Propaganda and Dissent: The American War in Vietnam, Hungary, and the Narrative of Dissent) Marína Zavacká and Barnabás Vajda (Young listeners’ letters sent to RFE „Cseke Lás- zló’s Teenager party”) Révész Béla (A kommunista párt- és állambiztonsági szervek offenzív és defenzív pro- pagandaintézkedései a nyugati országok » ideológiai diverziója« elleni harcban) Vajda Barnabás (George Minden and his role in the CIA funded Mailing Project) ISBN 978-80-8122-176-7 Contents Preface 7 Schriffl, David: National Socialism, Communism and Liberal Democracy. Propaganda, Information and Consumption. Vienna's media influence in Slovakia in the 20th century 11 Olejník, Milan: Year 1938 – a period since the Anschluss of Aus- tria till the Munich Agreement – in reflections of the Slovak con- temporary press 23 Simon, Attila: For the „Just Borders”. The Issue of the Trianon State Borders in the 1938 Propaganda War between Czechoslo- vakia and Hungary Targeted on Southern Slovakia 39 Nakazawa, Tatsuya: The exaltation of the Slovak State and its entry into the Tripartite Pact in Japanese media propaganda, 1939–1940 59 Popély, Árpád: The Bratislava Új Szó and the Hungarian Rev- olution of 1956. The Anti-revolutionary Propaganda in the Hun- garian-language Daily of the Communist Party of Slovakia 73 Jašek, Peter: Year 1968 in the broadcasting of the Radio Vati- cana Slovak Desk - focusing on the situation in Czechoslovakia from January to August 97 Benziger, Karl P.: Propaganda and Dissent: The American War in Vietnam, Hungary, and the Narrative of Dissent 121 – 5 – Zavacká, Marína – Barnabás, Vajda: Young listeners’ letters sent to RFE „Cseke László’s Teenager party” 143 Révész, Béla: A kommunista párt- és állambiztonsági szervek offenzív és defenzív propagandaintézkedései a nyugati országok »ideológiai diverziója« elleni harcban 169 Vajda , Barnabás: George Minden and his role in the CIA funded Mailing Project 203 Summary 235 Appendix: Photos 236 United bibliography for all contributors 243 Index of names 269 – 6 – Preface / Úvod / Bevezető This volume is a result of a three-year-long international research cooperation of nine scholars from five different countries. As part of the final outcomes of an in- ternational project, it consists of ten chapters, all dealing with some interesting his- torical aspects of the medial and political propaganda in the 20th century. Part I is devoted to the nature of the Eastern European political propaganda during turbu- lent war and revolution times. It includes studies by David Schriffl, Milan Olejník, Attila Simon and Tatsuya Nakazawa, all of whom analyse media propaganda during the second world war, aimed at the Czecho-Slovak, Hungarian, and Japanese soci- eties. Part I also tells us a lot on the nature of the revolutionary propaganda in the revolution years of 1956 and 1968; these three authors, Árpád Popély, Peter Jašek, and Karl Benziger deal with certain forms of media propaganda which seems crucial in accompanying societal changes. Part I closes with Marína Zavacká’s and Barnabás Vajda’s study on the issue of the question if media has ever been a property of all citizens. In Part II, we look at the ideological character of the political and media propaganda; this is a place where Béla Révész and Barnabás Vajda publish and an- alyze some primary archival sources. Táto monografia je výsledkom trojročnej vedeckej spolupráce deviatich expertov z piatich štátov. Ako súčasť záverečnej správy z riešenia medzinárodného projektu, kniha sa skladá z desiatich kapitol, pričom každá kapitola sa zaoberá so špecifickými historickými aspektmi mediálnej a politickej propagandy počas dvadsiateho storočia. Prvá časť knihy je venovaná východoeurópskej politickej propagande počas vojno- vých a revolučních udalostí. Sú tu štúdie Davida Schriffla, Milana Olejníka, Attilu Simona a Tatsuya Nakazawa, pričom každý z nich povie nám čosi špeciálne o pro- pagande počas vojny, smerovanej na česko-slovenskú, maďarskú a japonskú spoloč- nosť. Súčasťou prvej časti ďalej sú štúdie Árpáda Popélya a Petra Jašeka, ktoré sú venované mediálnej propagande ako kľúčovému faktoru pri vytváraní priaznivej spo- ločenskej atmosféry počas spoločenských zmien. V závere prvej časti Marína Za- vacká a Barnabás Vajda publikujú výsledky ich výskumu o tom, či médiá vôbec niekedy boli „majetkom každého občana„, respektíve celej spoločnosti. V druhej časti – 7 – Vajda Barnabás et al. knihy Béla Révész a Barnabás Vajda publikujú a analyzujú primárne pramene, ktoré doteraz neboli známe verejnosti. A jelen kötet egy hároméves nemzetközi kutatómunka eredménye, amelyben ki- lenc szakember vett részt öt különböző országból. Könyvünk tíz fejezetből áll, és mindegyik a politikai és a mediális propaganda történetének valamelyik szegmen- sével foglalkozik a huszadik századot illetően. A könyv első része a kelet-európai háborús propaganda természetét vizsgálja, amennyiben David Schriffl, Milan Olej- ník, Simon Attila és Tatsuya Nakazawa annak a háborús propagandának a termé- szetéről árulnak el sokat, amely a cseh-szlovák, a magyar és a japán társadalom felé irányult. További három szerző, Popély Árpád, Peter Jašek és Karl Benziger a mé- diapropaganda azon fajtáit veszik szemügyre, amelyek kulcsfontosságúnak tűnnek az társadalmi változások levezénylésekor. A könyv első részét Marína Zavacká és Vajda Barnabás tanulmánya zárja, akik azt a kérdést járják körül, hogy a modern korban egyáltalán volt-e valaha a média ,,minden állampolgár tulajdona”. A könyv második részében Révész Béla és Vajda Barnabás publikálnak és elemeznek olyan írott forrásokat, amelyek eddig nem voltak ismertek a nyilvánosság számára. – 8 – Part I. Media propaganda during war and revolution times Let us set off from one of the main protagonists of the twentieth century political propaganda, from V.I. Lenin who reckoned that politics are equal with propaganda and vice versa. Indeed, we could not have found a more appropriate point of departure from Lenin who aptly put it forward like this: „Our propaganda and agitation should be clear – this is an essential condition. Even our foes have admitted that on the fieldof agitation and propaganda we achieved miraculous things. This should be understood in its true merit, i.e. through our propaganda actions our truth has successfully carved its way into everybody’s consciousness.” This is a general idea which indicates one of the main messages of our volume, that modern age politics as such, aimed at a wide and very diverse masses of people, fundamentally involves spreading the ’political truth’, ‘our truth’. What more, it involves spreading politically mo- tivated messages to the widest audience as possible – in any time, in any political regime, and almost at any cost. National Socialism, Communism and Liberal Democracy. Propaganda, Information and Consump- tion. Vienna's media influence in Slovakia
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