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The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District

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The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District ulatory A eg ffa R i l rs a : c i O t p Silva Naves, et al., Pharmaceut Reg Affairs 2015, u Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs: e e n c A a 4:4 c m c r e ISSN:a 2167-7689 s h DOI: 10.4172/2167-7689.1000156 s P Open Access Research Article Open Access The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District Silva Naves J1*, Fiolle AD2, Lustosa FLF3, Godinho MGP3 and Filho JBO4 1University of Brasilia, Brazil 2Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA 3Pharmacy Course, University of Brasilia, Brazil 4Regional Pharmacy Council, Brazil *Corresponding author: Silva Naves J, PhD Professor at the University of Brasilia, Brazil, Tel: +55 (61) 3107-1802, Email: [email protected] Rec date: Nov 26, 2015; Acc date: Dec 18, 2015; Pub date: Dec 21, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Silva Naves J, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Pharmacies are important sites for accessing medication use, promoting rational use of medicines and educating the community. The study aimed to investigate the retail market of drugs in pharmacies and drugstores in the Brazilian Federal District and to better understand about this scenario evaluated some aspects and used indicators. Information was extracted from the database of the Regional Pharmacy Board of the FD covering the period from 2000 to 2012. The numbers of drugstores and compounding pharmacies increased by 353.72% and 138%, respectively, during the period and most have opened than closed. The drugstore per capita ratio, which was 1/8,044 in 2000, is now 1/2,680 in 2010. Moreover, these facilities are now concentrated in areas with higher incomes and greater economic activity. In 2012, 32.5% of drugstores and 79% of compounding pharmacies were identified as belonging to pharmacists, and only the minority of the establishments was registered as a pharmacy chain. The main violations of pharmaceutical establishments detected by the Board were the absence or lack of a pharmacist and lack of legal registration. It was concluded that there was a great expansion of the pharmaceutical retail market in the Federal District of Brazil. Increasing in the number of establishment was higher than the population growth and the data suggest that the concentration of properties is related to the population purchasing power. Keywords: Pharmacy; Community pharmacies; Pharmaceutical The World Health Organization-WHO considers community services pharmacies to be commercial establishments for the selling and supplying of drugs and products for health as well as a relevant venue Introduction for the promotion of rational drug use and community health education [4]. Moreover, the WHO considers pharmacies to be The availability and rational use of drugs are critical elements for the primary care services, constituting a valuable means of accessing the health of the general population. Access to essential medications is health system for the general population. According to previous studies important for the effectiveness of actions to promote health, and their in Brazil, pharmacies and drugstores are responsible for 76% of the rational use should follow a prescription grounded in scientific and non-refundable direct medicines supplied to the general population, ethical criteria, timely availability, guided dispensing and informed use indicating their considerable importance in national public health. [1]. Moreover, these establishments represent an ideal environment for The irrational use of drugs can assume distinct forms, such as their actions to promote the safe and rational use of medicines [5]. abusive or unnecessary use, polypharmacy (the concomitant use of Community pharmacies are establishments able to provide and sell multiple drugs), the excessive use of antibiotics and injections, the use medicines and ambulatory prescription supplies. These pharmacies of non-prescribed drugs against clinical guidelines and unsuitable directly serve patients and the community. In Brazil, this nomenclature prescribing. Despite the global issue of the inappropriate and abusive encompasses ambulatory pharmacies in health care facilities, use of drugs, only a few countries effectively monitor the use of drugstores and compounding pharmacies [6]. medications or take measures to improve this situation [2]. In the majority of countries, medicine dispensing occurs in The sanitary and economic outcomes due to the irrational use of pharmacies. In Brazil, the legislation defines 2 types of private medicines are also relevant, including the increased incidence of establishments: drugstores and pharmacies. Drugstores are responsible adverse drug reactions, increased hospital admissions and increased for the trade and dispensing of drugs as well as pharmaceutical multi-drug-resistant bacteria, among others. These factors can lead to products in original packing, whereas pharmacies are dedicated to increased individual and collective costs associated with health care, compounding commercial drugs and medicines as well as increased hospital-acquired infections, the prolongation and pharmaceutical supplies [7]. worsening of disease, unnecessary suffering, death, maintenance of the disease transmission chain and decreased credibility of health services Worldwide, the pharmacy market possesses great economic power. [1,3]. According to the monthly survey of retail trade conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística – IBGE), the section that comprises Pharmaceut Reg Affairs Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000156 ISSN:2167-7689 PROA, an open access journal Citation: Silva Naves J, Fiolle AD, Lustosa FLF, Godinho MGP, Filho JBO (2015) The Retail Pharmacy Market in the Brazilian Federal District. Pharmaceut Reg Affairs 4: 156. doi:10.4172/2167-7689.1000156 Page 2 of 6 pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic supplies as well as To determine the density of pharmacies and drugstores per capita, perfumery and cosmetics displayed a remarkable increase in 2010. This population data from census surveys conducted by IBGE in 2000[9] section also demonstrated the 6th greatest participation in the global and 2010[10] were used. For the year 2004, the survey based on retail index. These advances were primarily due to the diversification of Administrative Regions (AR) performed by CODEPLAN was products commercialised in stores and the expansion of salaries [8]. employed because no census was performed in that year [11]. Concerning geographic and administrative aspects, FD is organised Given the sanitary and economic relevance of pharmaceutical into 30 AR. The present study adopted the number of ARs used by establishments in Brazil, this study aimed to investigate the retail CODEPLAN because this criterion is also adopted by the CRF-FD. market of drugs in pharmacies and drugstores in the Federal District (FD) of Brazil and to better understand about this scenario evaluated For classification regarding the type of organisation, the following some aspects and used indicators. criteria were used. Chain-affiliated establishments were defined as those with administrative/commercial relations with other Methods establishments, using the same banner, adopting the same corporate or trade names, with a head or branch office, having the same corporate This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to assess the name or demonstrating alignment with a franchising partner, distribution of compounding pharmacies and drugstores in FD. This association or cooperative with distinct corporate names. An study was conducted from January 02, 2000 to December 31, 2012 independent establishment was defined as one that does not display using computerised information that facilitated data collection. any administrative/commercial relations to other establishments. The survey sources were the database of the Regional Pharmacy Regarding the educational level of the owner, the establishments Board of the Federal District (CRF-FD), PHP version 5 and the were classified as exclusively owned by laypeople when the owner(s) MYSQL database version 4. Additionally, information was obtained were non-pharmacists, as owned by pharmacists when the owner(s) from the websites of the given agencies, including the FD govern were exclusively pharmacists or as mixed when shareholders were (Governo do Distrito Federal – GDF), the Federal Board of Pharmacy combinations of pharmacists and laypeople, regardless of the amount (CRF-FD), the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (Agência of shares or corporate interests. Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária – ANVISA), the Company of Planning of the FD (Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito Federal – The indicators were expressed as means, percentages and rates using CODEPLAN) and the IBGE. the 95% confidence interval (CI). The following indicators were used to better understand the retail Results pharmacy market: the distribution (quantity and location) of the pharmacies and drugstores throughout FD; the pharmacy and The number of drugstores displayed an increase of 353.7% in FD drugstore per capita ratio; the number of establishments opened and during the period analysed. In fact, the number of drugstores increased closed during the period of the survey; affiliation with a pharmacy from 255 in 2000 to 1,157 in 2012, while the
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