Multiple Accessory Cusps in Maxillary Primary Second Molars And
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Prevalence and Distribution of Carabelli Cusp in Maxillary Molars
Winter 2018, Volume 8, Number 1 Research Paper: Prevalence and Distribution of Carabelli Cusp in Maxillary Molars in Deciduous and Permanent Dentition and Its Relation to Tooth Size in a Group of Iranian Adult and Pediatric Dental Patients Atousa Aminzadeh1, Samaneh Jafarzadeh2, Ania Aminzadeh3, Arash Ghodousi4* 1. Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Dentist, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran. 4. Community Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Use your device to scan and read the article online Citation: Aminzadeh A, Jafarzadeh S, Aminzadeh A, Ghodousi A. Prevalence and Distribution of Carabelli Cusp in Maxillary Molars in Deciduous and Permanent Dentition and Its Relation to Tooth Size in a Group of Iranian Adult and Pediatric Dental Patients. International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Forensic Medicine. 2018; 8(1):11-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22037/ijmtfm. v8i1(Winter).18858 : http://dx.doi.org/10.22037/ijmtfm.v8i1(Winter).18858 Article info: A B S T R A C T Received: 23 Apr. 2017 Accepted: 16 Aug. 2017 Background: Carabelli cusp is a dental morphologic anomaly arising on the palatal side of the mesiopalatal cusp of maxillary first or second molars. It is believed that this cusp is seen in people with larger teeth. Since it has different prevalence among populations, it can be used in forensic dentistry. As well, dentists should be aware of common dental anomalies that might impact dental treatments. In this study, the prevalence of Carabelli cusp and its relation to tooth size in permanent and deciduous dentitions in Iranian population was assessed. -
Morphological Characteristics of the Pre- Columbian Dentition I. Shovel
Morphological Characteristics of the Pre Columbian Dentition I. Shovel-Shaped Incisors, Carabelli's Cusp, and Protostylid DANNY R. SAWYER, D .D.S. Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, Health Sciences Division of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia MARVIN J . ALLISON, PH.D. Clinical Professor of Pathology , Medical College of Virginia, Health Sciences Division of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia RICHARD P. ELZA Y, D.D.S., M.S.D. Chairman and Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, Health Sciences Division of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. Virginia ALEJANDRO PEZZIA, PH.D. Curator, Regional Museum oflea, lea, Peru This Peruvian-American cooperative study of logic characteristics of the shovel-shaped incisor (Fig paleopathology of the pre-Columbian Peruvian cul I), Carabelli's cusp (Fig 2 ), and protostylid (Figs 3A, tures of Southern Peru began in 1971. The purpose of 38, and 3C). this study is to evaluate the medical and dental health A major aspect of any study of the human denti status of these cultures which date from 600 BC to tion is the recognition and assessment of morphological the Spanish conquest. While several authors such as variations. The shovel-shape is one such character Leigh,1 Moodie,2 Stewart,3 and Goaz and Miller4 istic and is manifested by the prominence of the me have studied the dental morphology of Northern Pe sial and distal ridges which enclose a central fossa on ruvians, the paleodontology and oral paleopathology the lingual surface of incisor teeth. Shovel-shaped of the Southern Peruvians has not been recorded. incisors are seen with greater frequency among the This paper reports dental findings on the morpho- maxillary incisors and only occasionally among the mandibular incisors. -
Sensitive Teeth Sensitive Teeth Can Be Treated
FOR THE DENTAL PATIENT ... TREATMENT Sensitive teeth Sensitive teeth can be treated. Depending on the cause, your dentist may suggest that you try Causes and treatment desensitizing toothpaste, which contains com- pounds that help block sensation traveling from the tooth surface to the nerve. Desensitizing f a taste of ice cream or a sip of coffee is toothpaste usually requires several applications sometimes painful or if brushing or flossing before the sensitivity is reduced. When choosing makes you wince occasionally, you may toothpaste or any other dental care products, look have a common problem called “sensitive for those that display the American Dental Asso- teeth.” Some of the causes include tooth ciation’s Seal of Acceptance—your assurance that Idecay, a cracked tooth, worn tooth enamel, worn products have met ADA criteria for safety and fillings and tooth roots that are exposed as a effectiveness. result of aggressive tooth brushing, gum recession If the desensitizing toothpaste does not ease and periodontal (gum) disease. your discomfort, your dentist may suggest in- office treatments. A fluoride gel or special desen- SYMPTOMS OF SENSITIVE TEETH sitizing agents may be applied to the sensitive A layer of enamel, the strongest substance in the areas of the affected teeth. When these measures body, protects the crowns of healthy teeth. A layer do not correct the problem, your dentist may rec- called cementum protects the tooth root under the ommend other treatments, such as a filling, a gum line. Underneath the enamel and the crown, an inlay or bonding to correct a flaw or cementum is dentin, a part of the tooth that is decay that results in sensitivity. -
Study on Teeth Morphology Variations Among Greek
Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Vol. 9, No. 1, January - March 2017 STUDY ON TEETH MORPHOLOGY VARIATIONS AMONG GREEK PATIENTS Anca MihaelaVitalariu1, Chrysi-Christina Markomanolaki2, Irina Chonta3, Odette Luca4, Monica Silvia Tatarciuc1, Cristina Gena Dascalu5 1Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Romania, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Implantology, Removable Restaurations, Technology 2Dentist, Private practice, Greece 3Dentist, Private practice, Romania 4Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics 5Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Romania, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, *Corresponding author: Monica Silvia Tatarciuc e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of our study was to verify the variety of some permanent teeth, known as having multiple morphological variations: maxillary incisors, maxillary molars, mandibular premolars and molars. Material and Method. For this study we used intraoral images taken in a dental private practice, in Athens (Greece), between July 2014-July 2016. The study group was composed by 239 patients (105 males and 134 females) aged 17 to 52 years. The results were statistically analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Results. We found some expected morphological aspects, as are described in the literature, but there are some findings quite surprising, especially the number of cusps in mandibular premolars and molars. Conclusions The dentist should be aware that the diversity in human body it is found also in the diversity of teeth morphology. Although in dental school he is receiving a large amount of knowledge, he must continue to learn from his own clinical experience, because in real life, the real morphology is more diverse than in textbooks. -
Original Article Concurrent Measurements of Danger Zone Anatomy in Mandibular First Molars Using Micro-Computed Tomography: a Pilot Study
Int J Clin Exp Med 2018;11(8):7692-7700 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0067321 Original Article Concurrent measurements of danger zone anatomy in mandibular first molars using micro-computed tomography: a pilot study Jiawei Lu1, Lizong Liang1, Jie Ran1, Gao Wu1, Chenghao Li2, Jianping Ge2, Jianxiang Tao1 Departments of 1Prosthodontics, 2Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 20072, China Received October 16, 2017; Accepted May 9, 2018; Epub August 15, 2018; Published August 30, 2018 Abstract: The aim of this study is to describe the anatomical characteristics of the ‘danger zone’ in human mandibu- lar first molars by measuring the thickness of the bending point (point α) and the thinnest point (point β) of each root in human mandibular first molars. Eighteen mandibular first molars were scanned by micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally by Mimics Research 17.0. To identify characteristics of the ‘danger zone’, the actual root curvature, the minimal dentin thickness of the bending slice and the thinnest slice were selected as parameters. Furthermore, to describe the relationship of point α and point β, the distance between them was also measured. The results showed that the actual canal curvatures in the mandibular first molars were 5-10 degrees larger than those measured in 2-D images including X-ray or CBCT. The thinnest thickness of roots in all canals was less than 1 mm except the two distal roots of three-rooted mandibular first molars. Moreover, as for some two-rooted mandibular first molars, their point α and point β were located in the same furcation surface of root, the result might be coincident in the mesiolingual side; whereas for three-rooted mandibular first molars, the distal two canals were found significantly thicker than the mesial two (p<0.05). -
Anatomical Analysis of the Resected Roots of Mandibular First Molars After Failed Non-Surgical Retreatment
Restor Dent Endod. 2018 May;43(2):e16 https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2018.43.e16 pISSN 2234-7658·eISSN 2234-7666 Research Article Anatomical analysis of the resected roots of mandibular first molars after failed non-surgical retreatment Jiyoung Yoon ,1 Byeong-Hoon Cho ,2 Jihyun Bae ,1 Yonghoon Choi 1* 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea 2Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea Received: Nov 29, 2017 ABSTRACT Accepted: Jan 26, 2018 Objectives: Yoon J, Cho BH, Bae J, Choi Y Understanding the reason for an unsuccessful non-surgical endodontic treatment outcome, as well as the complex anatomy of the root canal system, is very *Correspondence to important. This study examined the cross-sectional root canal structure of mandibular first Yong-Hoon Choi, DDS, MSD, PhD molars confirmed to have failed non-surgical root canal treatment using digital images Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, obtained during intentional replantation surgery, as well as the causative factors of the failed Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, conventional endodontic treatments. 82 Gumi-ro 173-beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Materials and Methods: This study evaluated 115 mandibular first molars. Digital Seongnam 13620, Korea. photographic images of the resected surface were taken at the apical 3 mm level and E-mail: [email protected] examined. The discolored dentin area around the root canal was investigated by measuring Copyright © 2018. The Korean Academy of the total surface area, the treated areas as determined by the endodontic filling material, and Conservative Dentistry the discolored dentin area. -
Frequency of Cusp of Carabelli in Orthodontic Patients Reporting to Islamabad Dental Hospital
ORIGINAL ARTICLE POJ 2016:8(2) 85-88 Frequency of cusp of carabelli in orthodontic patients reporting to Islamabad Dental Hospital Maham Niazia, Yasna Najmib, Muhammad Mansoor Qadric Abstract Introduction: Anatomic variation in the anatomy of maxillary molars can have clinical implications in dentistry ranging from predisposition to dental caries or loosely fitting orthodontic bands. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cusp of carabelli in permanent first molars of patients reporting to the Orthodontic department. Material and Methods: A total of 698 patients reporting to the Orthodontic Department, Islamabad Dental Hospital, were evaluated from their orthodontic records. Upper occlusal photographs and dental casts of these patients comprised the data. Results: 245 (35.1%) patients showed the presence of the cusp while 453 (64.9%) had no accessory cusp present. Larger proportion of females had cusp of carabelli when compared with males. Bilateralism was found in 75.1% subjects while unilateralism existed in 24.9%, both being higher in females. Among the unilateral cases, higher trend was observed on the right side then the left. Conclusions: It was concluded that the frequency of cusp of carabelli was less in a population sample of Islamabad than other Asian samples, but an opposite trend was seen when compared to a population sample of Khyber Phukhtunkhwa showing different prevalence rates in different ethnicities. Keywords: Cusp of carabelli; maxillary first molars; caries; orthodontic patients Introduction unilaterally or bilaterally. However it he Cusp of Carabelli is a small additional generally appears bilaterally5 but Hirakawa T cusp which is situated on the mesio- and Dietz found ‘rare’ unilateral cases.6 Its palatal surface of first maxillary molars and size varies from being the largest cusp of the tooth to a rudimentary elevation. -
Comparative Morphology of Incisor Enamel and Dentin in Humans and Fat Dormice (Glis Glis)
Coll. Antropol. 27 (2003) 1: 373–380 UDC 572.72:616.314.11 Original scientific paper Comparative Morphology of Incisor Enamel and Dentin in Humans and Fat Dormice (Glis glis) Dean Konjevi}1, Tomislav Keros2, Hrvoje Brki}3, Alen Slavica1, Zdravko Janicki1 and Josip Margaleti}4 1 Chair for Game Biology, Pathology and Breeding, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia 3 Department for Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 4 Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia ABSTRACT The structure of teeth in all living beings is genetically predetermined, although it can change under external physiological and pathological factors. The author’s hypoth- esis was to indicate evolutional shifts resulting from genetic, functional and other dif- ferences. A comparative study about certain characteristics of incisors in humans and myomorpha, the fat dormouse (Glis glis) being their representative as well, comprised measurements of enamel and dentin thickness in individual incisor segments, evalua- tion of external enamel index, and also assessment of histological structure of enamel and dentin. The study results involving dormice showed the enamel to be thicker in lower than in the upper teeth, quite contrary to enamel thickness in humans. In the up- per incisors in dormice the enamel is the thickest in the medial layer of the crown, and in the cervical portion of the crown in the lower incisors. The thickness of dentin in dor- mice is greater in the oral than in the vestibular side. These findings significantly differ from those reported in reference literature, but they are based on the function of teeth in dormice. -
Bonding to Enamel and Dentin
Chapter 16 Bonding to Enamel and Dentin INTRODUCTION • Evolution of Dentin Bonding Agents ADHESIVE DENTISTRY • Nanofilled Bonding Agents • Indications for Use of Adhesives HYBRID LAYER AND HYBRIDIZATION • Advantages of Bonding Techniques • Hybridization (Given by Nakabayachi in 1982) • Mechanism of Adhesion • Zones of Hybrid Layer • Factors Affecting Adhesion SMEAR LAYER ENAMEL BONDING • Structure • Steps for Enamel Bonding • Formation of Smear Layer • Mechanism of Etching • Components of Smear Layer DENTIN BONDING • Role of Smear Layer • Conditioning of Dentin • Role of Smear Layer in Dentin Bonding • Priming of Dentin • Classification of Modern Adhesives • Moist vs Dry Dentin GLASS IONOMER BASED ADHESIVE SYSTEM DENTIN BONDING AGENT • Steps • Mechanism of Bonding FAILURE OF DENTIN BONDING INTRODUCTION fluid present in dentinal tubules makes the bonding difficult. The adhesion to dentin requires decalcification The traditional “drill and fill” approach is fading now of the dentinal surface to expose a layer of interlacing because of numerous advancements taking place in collagen fibrils and the entrances of the dentinal tubules. restorative dentistry. For a restorative material, adhesion When resins are used, they form an intermediate layer is the primary requirement so that restorative materials with exposed spongy collagen network which can be then can be bonded to enamel or dentin and without the need bonded to the retentive inner surface of the restoration of extensive tooth preparation. The initial advancement by means of a resin similar to that of enamel bonding. was made in 1956, by a pedodontist, Buonocore, who The past decade has seen increased use of bonding developed acid etching of the enamel. He showed that agents in concurrence with traditional dental materials. -
The Microhardness of Enamel and Dentin R
THE MICROHARDNESS OF ENAMEL AND DENTIN R. G. CRAIG, PH.D., AND F. A. PEYTON, D.Sc. University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Mich. THE hardness of enamel and dentin has been determined by a variety of methods including abrasion," 2 pendulum,' scratch,4-7 and indentation" teehnics. Since the hardness of enamel and dentin has been shown to have con- siderable local variations, the methods using a microscratch or microindentation have been preferred. One of the more common types is the Knoop diamond in- denter14 which has been used by a number of investigators.', 12, 15, 16 It should be mentioned, however, that in spite of the fact that the indentations are ex- tremely small, they still represent a macroindentation when compared to the microstructure of enamel and dentin. The majority of the published hardness data for enamel and dentin has been measured on ground sections, although several papers'0 13 reported the hardness of intact enamel surfaces. The conclusions in regard to the difference in hardness from one section of a tooth to another are at times in variance with each other. This study of dentin and enamel was undertaken in an attempt to establish any trends in hardness existing from one area of a tooth to another or between different types of teeth. With this purpose in mind, this research did not attempt to relate the hardness values to the histologic tooth structure, but a sufficiently large number of hardness measurements were made so that the data could be treated on a statistical basis. EXPERIMENTAL Specimen Preparation.-Mature, freshly extracted, noncarious teeth were imbedded in Ward's Bio-Plastic by suspending them in a Vaughn ring contain- ing the polymer mixed with the catalyst and accelerator. -
CHAPTER 5Morphology of Permanent Molars
CHAPTER Morphology of Permanent Molars Topics5 covered within the four sections of this chapter B. Type traits of maxillary molars from the lingual include the following: view I. Overview of molars C. Type traits of maxillary molars from the A. General description of molars proximal views B. Functions of molars D. Type traits of maxillary molars from the C. Class traits for molars occlusal view D. Arch traits that differentiate maxillary from IV. Maxillary and mandibular third molar type traits mandibular molars A. Type traits of all third molars (different from II. Type traits that differentiate mandibular second first and second molars) molars from mandibular first molars B. Size and shape of third molars A. Type traits of mandibular molars from the buc- C. Similarities and differences of third molar cal view crowns compared with first and second molars B. Type traits of mandibular molars from the in the same arch lingual view D. Similarities and differences of third molar roots C. Type traits of mandibular molars from the compared with first and second molars in the proximal views same arch D. Type traits of mandibular molars from the V. Interesting variations and ethnic differences in occlusal view molars III. Type traits that differentiate maxillary second molars from maxillary first molars A. Type traits of the maxillary first and second molars from the buccal view hroughout this chapter, “Appendix” followed Also, remember that statistics obtained from by a number and letter (e.g., Appendix 7a) is Dr. Woelfel’s original research on teeth have been used used within the text to denote reference to to draw conclusions throughout this chapter and are the page (number 7) and item (letter a) being referenced with superscript letters like this (dataA) that Treferred to on that appendix page. -
Microstructure of Primary Tooth Dentin
Scientific Article Microstructure of primary tooth dentin David A. Sumikawa, DDS, MS Grayson W. Marshall, DDS, MPH, PhD Lauren Gee, MPH Sally J. Marshall, PhD Dr. Sumikawa is in private pediatric dental practice in Honolulu, Hawaii. Dr. G. Marshall is Professor and Chair, Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Ms. Gee is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Dr. Sally Marshall is Professor and Vice-Chair for Research, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California. Abstract Purpose: This study was performed to determine variations in Restoration of primary teeth, particularly anterior teeth, is dentin microstructure from primary anterior teeth at specific ar- often difficult because of their small size, thinness of enamel, eas and depths in relation to the dentin enamal junction, (DEJ). enamel morphology, pulpal anatomy, and rapid spread and Methods: Ten freshly extracted, non-carious primary maxil- extent of decay.4 lary anterior teeth were sectioned to provide two 1.0 mm x 1.0 Dentin bond strength comparisons between primary and mm matchsticks extending from the DEJ to the pulp chamber— permanent teeth have shown mixed results. Salama and Tao5 one each from the central and distal regions of each tooth. Slices found lower bond strength to primary dentin, Bordin-Aykroyd were prepared at distances of 0.15, 0.8, and 1.45 mm from the et al.1 found higher bond strengths, while others.6,7 found no DEJ. Following polishing, each slice was examined in a wet scan- significant differences. ning election microscope, (SEM) and tubule density, tubular Tubule diameters and tubule numerical density increase diameter, and peritubular width were determined at nine grid from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ), towards the pulp, with locations.