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Journal of Threatened Taxa OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia Win Sim Tan, Norazmi bin Amir Hamzah, Salman Saaban, Nurul Aida Zawakhir, Yugees Rao, Norolhuda Jamaluddin, Francis Cheong, Norhidayat bint Khalid, Nur Iadiah Mohd Saat, Eka Nadia bint Zaidee Ee, Azwan bin Hamdan, Mei Mei Chow, Chee Pheng Low, Mufeng Voon, Song Horng Liang, Martn Tyson & Melvin Gumal 26 February 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 2 | Pages: 11245–11253 10.11609/jot.3519.10.2.11245-11253 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2018 | 10(2): 11245–11253 Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Communication Malaysia ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Win Sim Tan1, Norazmi bin Amir Hamzah2, Salman Saaban3, Nurul Aida Zawakhir4, 5 6 7 8 Yugees Rao , Norolhuda Jamaluddin , Francis Cheong , Norhidayat bint Khalid , OPEN ACCESS Nur Iadiah Mohd Saat9, Eka Nadia bint Zaidee Ee10, Azwan bin Hamdan11, Mei Mei Chow12, Chee Pheng Low13, Mufeng Voon14, Song Horng Liang15, Martn Tyson16 & Melvin Gumal17 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,17 Wildlife Conservaton Society - Malaysia Program, 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 2 Johor Natonal Parks Corporaton, Aras 1, Bangunan Dato’ Mohamad Saleh Perang, Kota Iskandar, 79576 Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia 3 Department of Wildlife and Natonal Parks of Peninsular Malaysia, Km 10, Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 12 Penang Green Council, Tingkat 46, KOMTAR, 10503 Penang, Malaysia 14 Sarawak Forestry Corporaton, Lot 218, Jalan Tapang, Kota Sentosa, 93250 Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia 15 Pertubuhan Pelindung Alam Malaysia, B-06-06 BLOK B, CGC, Jalan Casa Green, 43200 Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia 16 Wildlife Conservaton Society, 132 Bloomingdale Ave #2, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, United States of America. [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], 12 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Camera trap data was used to study occurrence and daily actvity paterns in the Endau Rompin Landscape of peninsular Malaysia during 2011, 2013 and 2015 to estmate Malayan Tiger Panthera tgris jacksoni populaton densites. By-catch data were also collected for seven ungulate species: Barking Deer Muntacus muntjak, Bearded Pig Sus barbatus, Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Greater Mousedeer Tragulus napu, Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus kanchil, Malayan Tapir Tapirus indicus and Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor. Of these, Bayesian single-season occupancy analysis suggested that Barking Deer were the most widespread and Mousedeer spp. the least widespread during the study period. Bearded Pig, Malayan Tapir and Wild Boar were recorded in more than half of the camera trap area (Sambar Deer was excluded due to small sample size). Daily actvity paterns based on independent captures in 2015 suggest that Barking Deer, Bearded Pig and Wild Boar are mostly diurnal, mousedeer species are crepuscular and Malayan Tapir strongly nocturnal. Keywords: Bayesian single-season occupancy, by-catch, camera trap, daily actvity patern, Endau Rompin Landscape, occurrence, peninsular Malaysia, ungulate. DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3519.10.2.11245-11253 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2D79DCF-2B2F-42AE-A70D-91AC7D844FAF Editor: David Mallon, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3519 | Received 27 May 2017 | Final received 15 January 2018 | Finally accepted 25 January 2018 Citaton: Tan, W.S., N.B.A. Hamzah, S. Saaban, N.A. Zawakhir, Y. Rao, N. Jamaluddin, F. Cheong, N.B. Khalid, N.L. Mohdsaat, E.N.B. Zaidee Ee, A.B. Hamdan, M.M. Chow, C.P. Low, M. Voon, S.H. Liang, M. Tyson, & M. Gumal. (2018). Observatons of occurrence and daily actvity paterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(2): 11245–11253; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3519.10.2.11245-11253 Copyright: © Tan et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundaton (LCAOF); Panthera Corporaton; United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. For Author Details, Author Contributon and Acknowledgements see end of this artcle. 11245 Ungulates in Endau Rompin Landscape, Malaysia Tan et al. INTRODUCTION occurrence and actvity paterns of ungulate species. To estmate species occurrence, Bayesian single-season Of the 11 species of ungulates reported from occupancy framework is used. Peninsular Malaysia (Francis 2008), 10 have been This paper will provide the frst published baseline reported in the southern Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL). data of occurrence and actvity paterns of ungulates Banteng Bos javanicus, Gaur Bos gaurus and Sumatran in the ERL. Bayesian statstcs ofer advantages over Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis were recorded in the conventonal/Frequentst statstcs (Dennis 1996; the past century (Milton 1963; Davison & Kiew 1987; Ellison 1996; Wade 2001; Dorazio 2016), and have been Burhanuddin et al. 1995). The other recently reported regularly used in wildlife data analysis in recent years (see ungulate species are Barking Deer Muntacus muntjak, Royle & Dorazio 2008; Parent & Rivot 2012; Kery & Royle Bearded Pig Sus barbatus, Greater Mousedeer Tragulus 2015; Dorazio 2016). One of the advantages of Bayesian napu, Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus kanchil, Malayan Tapir statstcs is incorporatng pre-existng data (see Dennis Tapirus indicus, Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor and Wild Boar 1996) or prior knowledge into the analysis. The baseline Sus scrofa (Aihara et al. 2016; WCS - Malaysia Program data from this paper can therefore be incorporated unpub.). Conservaton of wildlife in peninsular Malaysia into Bayesian analysis in future ungulate occurrence or is regulated by the Wildlife Conservaton Act (2010), occupancy studies in the ERL. including harvestng for commercial purposes. Bearded Pig and Malayan Tapir are listed as Totally Protected, and Barking Deer, Greater Mousedeer, Lesser Mousedeer, MATERIAL AND METHODS Sambar Deer and Wild Boar as Protected under the Wildlife Conservaton Act (2010). Their status on the Study area IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2017) and Red The ~4,186km2 forested ERL (Fig. 1) is managed by List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia (DWNP 2010) three main agencies. Endau Rompin State Park Pahang, are shown in Table 1. (approximately 578km2) and Pahang Permanent Reserved These ungulates are likely the major prey base for the Forests (PRFs; approximately 624km2) are administered Critcally Endangered Malayan Tiger in peninsular Malaysia by the State Forestry Department of Pahang, while Johor (Kawanishi 2002; Goldthorpe & Neo 2011; Kawanishi et PRFs (approximately 2,506km2) are managed by the State al. 2013; Rayan & Linkie 2015). Karanth & Sunquist (1995) Forestry Department of Johor. Endau Rompin Johor found that larger carnivores selectvely hunt larger prey Natonal Park (approximately 478km²) is overseen by the when available. A decline in large ungulate prey has been Johor Natonal Parks Corporaton. The natonal park is reported to be linked to a decline in a tger populaton mainly lowland and hill dipterocarp forest while the PRFs (Ramakrishnan et al. 1999). Understanding the ecology are predominantly lowland dipterocarp forest (Gumal et of large ungulate prey is, therefore, important to predator al. 2014). conservaton. Collectng informaton about these The conservaton status of the seven species of ungulates can be useful to tger conservaton in the ERL. ungulates for the states of Johor and Pahang are diferent Camera trapping is an efectve non-invasive method (Table 1). In the former, due to the Sultan of Johor’s to study shy and reclusive wild animals (see O’Connell decree, there have been no approvals for permits for et al. 2011; Ancrenaz et al. 2012; Sunarto et al. 2013; huntng of protected ungulates since 2010, except in Trolliet et al. 2014). Detecton/non-detecton informaton cases
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