The Dawning of Wisdom
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Heroic Furies: Spirituality and Nihilism in European Thought
Heroic Enthusiasts: Spirituality and Nihilism in European Thought Dr. Melanie J. Van Oort - Hall The separation of philosophy from religion, but also of religion from spirituality is a recent phenomenon. In our postmodern, subject oriented civilization, oftentimes, religion is associated with ‘overbearing dogma,’ ‘authoritarianism,’ while spirituality is associated with ‘freedom,’ ‘creativity,’ ‘harmony,’ etc. Nevertheless, there is another side to spirituality in the history of European thought that rather celebrates the opposite of harmony and is more nihilistic. This more nihilistic side of spirituality is probably particular to Modernity in that it tends to celebrate the self over against the community and sometimes advocates the self’s necessary destruction or annihilation in an attempt to recreate itself – a project with a questionable ratio of success. In order to better understand the development of the rise of nihilistic spirituality in modern European thought, we will focus on the philosophical background to Giordano Bruno’s suicidal figures in Gli eroici furori or The Heroic Enthusiasts. As perhaps one of the first ‘modern’ thinkers, who attempted to re-vitalize the philosophy and religion of the Presocratic philosophers within the framework of Renaissance Neoplatonism and Hermetism, Bruno represents a new understanding of the self in relation to the Cosmos that by nature becomes nihilistic. The word nihilism, which Friedrich Nietzsche characterized as the spirit of modernity, is derived from the Latin term, nihil or “nothing.” In Zur Genealogie der Moral or On the Genealogy of Morals, he deemed nihilism as a form of spirituality, a detail important for this paper. In his posthumously published Will to Power, notes he wrote around the same time he published Genealogie (1887), Nietzsche says that “Radical nihilism is the conviction of an absolute untenability of existence when it comes to the highest values one recognizes...”1 Significantly for Nietzsche, nihilism is a devaluation of this existence. -
To Persons and Authorities
INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES. N o t e .— The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc. PAGE PAGE Acosta, Joseph De ........................ 298 A r istipp u s. Aeschylus. G o ld ................................................. 9 • 14 Amber .......................................... 35 A r ist o d e m u s. Aesculapius. Money ............................................. g Love of gold ............................... 9 A r ist o t l e ......................................... X II ; 607 Africanus (alchemist) ........ XXVII ;XXVIII Amber ............................................. 35 Agatharchides. Athenian mines ............................. 27 ; 83 Cupellation ................................... 465 Burning springs............................. 583 Egyptian gold mining ...... 279 ; 391 ; 399 Coal ................................................. 34 Fire-setting................................... 118 Cupellation ..................................... 465 Agathocles. Distillation ..................................... 441 Money .......................................... 21 Lodestone........................................ 115 Agathodaemon (alchemist) .......... N itrum ............................................. 558 ....................................... X X V II; XXVIII Ores of brass ................................. 4 10 Agricola, Da n ie l .......................... 606 Quicksilver ..................................... 432 Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Silver from forest fires -
The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus
THE DIVINE PYMANDER OF Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus. TRANSLATED FROAL THE ARABIC by DR. EVERARD. [1650.] “ Credo viei'curium Trismegishian Sapientem Egyptium Floridsseante Pharao7iem!'—suidas. WITH INTRODUCTION & PRELIMINARY ESSAY, BY HARGRA VE JENNINGS, Author of “The Rosicrucians,” &c. LONDON GEORGE REDWAY. PRINTED liY CHARLES H. SEERS, ARGVLE STREET, BATH. MDCCCLXXXIV. 200 Copies published (only for Subscribers) and all Rights Secured by Rop.t. H. Fryar, Bath.] P. “PKflj?m^nv (fUyj TTwria^ fera THE Divine Pymander OF iWercurtus ©rismegtstus, IN XVII. BOOKS. Translated formerly out of the Arabick into Greek, AND THENCE INTO LaTINE AND DuTCH, AND NOW OUT OF THE Original into English, BY THE LEARNED DIVINE, DOCTOR EVERARD. LONDON :—Printed by Robert White, for Thos. Brewster & Greg. Motile, at the Three Bibles in the Poultry, tinder Mildred's Church. 1650. V. -f' ' • •-.' • -Ni« • . , H -v,. vv S..V. ' .stijaigsmaht aiiHu^oKl .2>iooa ,ir/ ^ •'* :’ • " j 1. '' 3-/VIA.I cWl Ztllt V/OVT .IKA OZ/. M IO ;tir.- MO ., .tlMT^yzS OTZI J/z.ii.siO ..v..\;-. :»oa V -l^.. <V.-V'A 7 . l'“ ^ ': \ . ~. ;a ,:.M;r^.M<i\;.\A u vy> f^- V. % . V INTRODUCTION. HE Greeks applied the name and term of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, so significant and suggestive, certainly to the Egyptian Thoth, as early as the fourth century, b.c. He was believed to be the origin of every- thing formed or produced by the human mind. He was, therefore, esteemed as the inventor of all the arts and sciences. He was the contriver of the hieroglyphics. Of these there were various kinds. There was a profound system of hieroglyphical rendering, adopted among the Egyptians, the true meaning of which was only known to the higher ranks of the priests. -
Avicennian Natural Philosophy and the Alchemical Theory of Al-Ṭughrāʾī in Ḥaqāʾiq Al-Istishhād
Avicennian Natural Philosophy and the Alchemical Theory of al-Ṭughrāʾī in Ḥaqāʾiq al-istishhād Takatomo Inoue Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal August 2017 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts © Takatomo Inoue, 2017 Abstract This thesis aims at clarifying how alchemists and non-alchemists studied and discussed alchemy in medieval Islam. In order to attain this objective, we first review and reinterpret the accomplishments of Muslim and pre-Islamic alchemists, as well as multiple types of classification of alchemy by non- alchemist authors. Also, we examine in detail non-alchemists’ theoretical discussions of alchemy, which had a large influence on the development of alchemy in medieval Islam, as well as discussions by alchemists. Finally, in order to clarify both stances, we investigate al-Ṭughrāʾī’s Ḥaqāʾiq al-istishhād, which compares alchemists’ theoretical foundation concerning alchemical theories with that of non- alchemists. L’abstrait Cette thèse vise à préciser comment les alchimistes et les non alchimistes ont étudié et discuté de l'alchimie dans l'Islam médiéval. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous examinons d'abord et réinterprétons les réalisations des alchimistes musulmans et pré-islamiques, ainsi que les types multiples de classification de l'alchimie par des auteurs non alchimistes. En outre, nous examinons les discussions théoriques des non alchimistes sur l'alchimie, qui ont eu une grande influence sur le développement de l'alchimie dans l'Islam médiéval ainsi que dans les détails des alchimistes. Enfin, afin de clarifier les deux positions, nous étudions le Ḥaqā'iq al-istishhād de al-Ṭughrā'ī, qui compare le fondement théorique des alchimistes concernant les théories alchimiques avec les non alchimistes. -
The Hellenization of the Egyptian Tradition Autor(Es)
«Lost in Translation»: the Hellenization of the Egyptian Tradition Autor(es): Sousa, Rogério Edições Afrontamento; CITCEM - Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar «Cultura, Espaço e Memória»; Centro de Estudos Publicado por: Clássicos e Humanísticos; Alexandria University; Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/36183 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0966-9_17 Accessed : 6-Oct-2021 17:22:38 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. pombalina.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Alexandria endures in our imagination as the first model of cultural interaction – of cosmopolitanism, to use both classical and contemporary terminology – and as the cultural and intellectual capital of the ancient world. -
Jabir Ibn Hayyan -Often Given the Nisbas, Al ,جابر بن حيان Abū Mūsā Jābir Ibn Hayyān (Arabic/Persian Azdi, Al-Kufi, Al-Tusi Or Al-Sufi; Fl
Jabir ibn Hayyan -often given the nisbas, al ,جابر بن حيان Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (Arabic/Persian Azdi, al-Kufi, al-Tusi or al-Sufi; fl. c. 721 – c. 815),[3] is the supposed[4] author of an enormous number and variety of works in Arabic often called the Jabirian corpus.[5] The scope of the corpus is vast and diverse covering a wide range of topics, including alchemy, cosmology, numerology, astrology, medicine, magic, mysticism and philosophy.[6] Popularly known as the father of chemistry, Jabir's works contain the oldest known systematic classification of chemical substances, and the oldest known instructions for deriving an inorganic compound (Sal ammoniac or Ammonium chloride) from organic substances (such as plants, blood, and hair) by chemical means Some Arabic Jabirian works (e.g., the “Book of Mercy”, and the “Book of Seventy”) were translated into Latin under the Latinized name "Geber." After the Abbasids took power, Jabir went back to Kufa. He began his career practicing medicine, under the patronage of a Vizir (from the noble Persian family Barmakids) of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. His connections to the Barmakid cost him dearly in the end. When that family fell from grace in 803, Jabir was placed under house arrest in Kufa, where he remained until his death. It has been asserted that Jabir was a student of the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq and Harbi al-Himyari In total, nearly 3,000 treatises and articles are credited to Jabir ibn Hayyan. The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths.[6]:5 ● The 112 Books dedicated to the Barmakids, viziers of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. -
The Secret Doctrine: Index
Continuously in print since its first publication in 1888, The Secret Doctrine remains the most comprehensive source book of ancient and modern theosophy available today. Its 1,537 pages comprise a virtual encyclopedia of the ‘‘anciently universal wisdom-tradition.’’ Scarcely an issue of consequence in the broad range of human knowledge is left untouched. This Index provides ready access to the vast quantity of material from many cul- tures set forth in the original two vol- umes (pagination of entries follows that of the 1888 edition). Due to the topics covered, it is as much an index of ideas as it is of subjects, works, persons, and proper names. To aid the reader, major subject entries are cross-referenced; foreign terms are identified by language and, where possi- ble, given in both their 1888 spelling(s) and as modernly transliterated, often with a one or two word definition; trans- lations of foreign phrases in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and other lan- guages are given in the Appendix — all helping to make this Index an invaluable reference tool for students of The Secret Doctrine. THE SECRET DOCTRINE THE SECRET DOCTRINE: THE SYNTHESIS of SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND PHILOSOPHY. by H. P. BLAVATSKY author of ‘‘isis unveiled.’’ ‘‘There is no Religion higher than Truth.’’ INDEX prepared by John P. Van Mater 1997 THEOSOPHICAL UNIVERSITY PRESS PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Theosophical University Press Post Office Box C Pasadena, California 91109-7107 2011 First Edition Copyright © 1997 by Theosophical University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced for commercial or other use in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission of Theosophical University Press. -
The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus
I K.^! mi^- . 5 22101520378 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/b2487839x THE DI VINE P YMA NDER. ,.• / 1 '- B -V n • *^’ ••'* . w* >j&»i . ' '' ’VaO ' .iSU'' • • •!• /•*, •'l' I /, * ' ' • •'•. i'^ ^. , J Mf ( /. ' . 1 i...i/';'. ' M. > 13 /' 4 ;, m v-.i l' 77 . </ VI T" > » . 'WH (-1 I ' ';^ "*- 4 " fedtL J. I ^.m*< 'A'iJinl ,v' THE DIVINE PYMANDER OF Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus. TRANSLATED FROAL THE ARABIC by DR. EVERARD. [1650.] “ Credo viei'curium Trismegishian Sapientem Egyptium Floridsseante Pharao7iem!'—suidas. WITH INTRODUCTION & PRELIMINARY ESSAY, BY HARGRA VE JENNINGS, Author of “The Rosicrucians,” &c. LONDON GEORGE REDWAY. PRINTED liY CHARLES H. SEERS, ARGVLE STREET, BATH. MDCCCLXXXIV. 200 Copies published (only for Subscribers) and all Rights Secured by Rop.t. H. Fryar, Bath.] P. “PKflj?m^nv (fUyj TTwria^ fera THE Divine Pymander OF iWercurtus ©rismegtstus, IN XVII. BOOKS. Translated formerly out of the Arabick into Greek, AND THENCE INTO LaTINE AND DuTCH, AND NOW OUT OF THE Original into English, BY THE LEARNED DIVINE, DOCTOR EVERARD. LONDON :—Printed by Robert White, for Thos. Brewster & Greg. Motile, at the Three Bibles in the Poultry, tinder Mildred's Church. 1650. V. -f' ' • •-.' • -Ni« • . , H -v,. vv S..V. ' .stijaigsmaht aiiHu^oKl .2>iooa ,ir/ ^ •'* :’ • " j 1. '' 3-/VIA.I cWl Ztllt V/OVT .IKA OZ/. M IO ;tir.- MO ., .tlMT^yzS OTZI J/z.ii.siO ..v..\;-. :»oa V -l^.. <V.-V'A 7 . l'“ ^ ': \ . ~. ;a ,:.M;r^.M<i\;.\A u vy> f^- V. % . V INTRODUCTION. HE Greeks applied the name and term of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus, so significant and suggestive, certainly to the Egyptian Thoth, as early as the fourth century, b.c. -
The Forgotten Encyclopedia
Linn Holmberg Linn Holmberg In mid-eighteenth-century Paris, two young monks from the Benedictine Congregation of Saint-Maur – also known as the Maurists – started compil- ing a universal dictionary of arts, crafts, and sciences. The work was initiated simultaneously with what would become one of the most famous literary enterprises in Western intellectual history: the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert. While the dictionary of the philosophes eventually turned into Encyclopedia Forgotten The a controversial but successful best-seller, considered as the most important medium of Enlightenment thought, the Benedictines never finished or pub- lished their work. After almost a decade, the manuscripts were put aside in the monastery library, and were soon forgotten. This dissertation explores the history and contents of the Maurists’ enter- prise. The project is situated within its monastic environment of production, the history of the encyclopedic dictionary, and the Enlightenment culture. The study shows that the Maurists early found themselves in a rival situation with the embryonic Encyclopédie, and that the two projects had several com- mon denominators that distinguished them from the predecessors within the genre. At the same time, the Maurists were making a dictionary unique in the eighteenth century. The study provides new perspectives on the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert, the intellectual activities of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, as well as the editor in charge of the Maurist dictionary: Dom Antoine-Joseph Pernety, -
Alchemy and Chemical Theories 26-59
ALCHEMY AND CHEMICAL INFORMATION IN PERSIAN AND SANSKRIT LITERATURE OF MEDIEVAL INDIA THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN HISTORY BY AKHTAR HASSAN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. IQBAL SABIR CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2008 Dr. Iqbal SSaaaabirbirbirbir Sr. Lecturer CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY Department of History Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002, U.P., India Phone: 0571-2703146 (O) Mobile: 09411488564 Dated : 25.11.2008 Certificate This is to certify that Mr. Akhtar Hassan has completed his research work under my supervision. The thesis prepared by him on “Alchemy and Chemical Information in Persian and Sanskrit Literature of Medieval India” is his original research work and I consider it suitable for submission for the award of the Degree of Ph.D. in History. (Dr. Iqbal Sabir) Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of my research work and its subsequent submission in the present form would not have been possible without Almighty Allah’s grace. He created favorable situations out of nowhere and provided me with love and support of many wonderful people. Words are not enough to convey my gratitude for them. Nevertheless, it’s my duty to thank them. Words cannot express the indebtedness I feel towards my supervisor Dr. Iqbal Sabir who selfless guidance has been most inspiring. The Chairman of my department Prof. B.L. Bhadani helped me in ways more than one, I am thankful to him. At this moment I cannot forget Dr. I.G. Khan who trained me in History of Science. -
Georgii Agricolae
GEORGII AGRICOLAE de re metallica LIBRI XII► avi* bus Offida,Inftramenta,Machinae,ac omnia denicp ad Metallic tamfpertantia, nonmodoluculentiffime defcribuntur,fed & per effigies, fuis locis infertas, adiurwftis Latinis, Geitnanicisqj appel* lationibus ita ob oculos poiumtur4 ut darius tradi non poffint. E I V S D E M t>B anim antib v ss v b t err an e i s Liber, ab Autore re* cognitus:cum Indicibus diuerfis, quicquid in opere tradatum eft* pulchre demonftrantibus. BASILEAE U> D* LVI► Cum Priuilegio Imperatoris in annos v* & Gailiarum Regis ad Sexennium* GEORGIVS FABRICIVS IN LI brosMetallicos georgii agricolaephi* lofophi praeftantiflimi. AD L E C T O R B A. i iuuat ignita cognofccrc fronte Chimseram, S Semicanem nympham,femibouemqj uirum: Si centum capitum iitanem,totc£ ferentem Sublimem manibus tela cruenta Gygen: Si iuuat Altneum penetrare Cyclopis in antrum, Atque alios, Vates quos peperere,metus: Nunc placeat mecum do<ftos euoluere libros, Ingenium agrfcolae quos dedit acre tibi. Non hie uana tenet fufpenfam fabula mentem: Sed precium,utilitas multa,Iegentis erit. Quidquid terra finu,gremiocp recondiditimo, Omne tibi multis eruit ante libris: Siueftuensftiperasultronitaturin oras, Inueniat facilem feu magis arte uiam. Perpetuiproprqs manant de fontibus amnes, Eft grauis Albuneae (ponte Mephitis odor* Lethales funtlponte ftrobes Dicsearchidis orar, Et micat e media conditus ignis hirmo. Plana Narifcorum aim tellus arfitin agro, Ter curua nondum falcereie<fta Ceres. Nec dedit hoc damnum paftor,riec Iuppiter igne; Vulcani per (eruperat ira folum. Terrifico aura foras erumpens,incita motu, Saspefadt montes,ante ubi planauia eft. Haecabftrufa cauis,imoqj incognitafundo, Cognita natura (sepe mere duce. Artehommum,inlucemueniunt quoqj multa, manuefc Terrae multiplices efFodiuntur opes. -
On Theriac to Piso, Attributed to Galen
On Theriac to Piso, Attributed to Galen A critical edition with translation and commentary Submitted by Robert Adam Leigh to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics In July 2013. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 2 ATTRIBUTED TO GALEN ABSTRACT The treatise On Theriac to Piso has been attributed to Galen since ancient times; the attribution is however disputed. This thesis argues that although the content and style of the treatise is heavily influenced by Galen its author differs on a wide range of issues from the beliefs of Galen expressed in undoubtedly authentic works on matters of pharmacology, philosophical doctrine, the history of Pergamum and the interpretation of Hippocrates to the extent that it should no longer be attributed to him. The thesis also attempts to establish the best possible text from the Greek, Latin and Arabic manuscript sources and to provide a clear English translation and a commentary on the text focussing in particular on matters relevant to the question of the authorship of the treatise. ON THERIAC TO PISO 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 5 Conspectus siglorum. .8 THETEXT..................................................................9 The manuscripts . 9 The Arabic text .