DOCSLIB.ORG

Doctor of Philosophy in Geology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Doctor of Philosophy in Geology “ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL OF MANGROVE WETLANDS BETWEEN MINDHOLA AND VAROLI ESTUARY (SOUTH GUJARAT) USING REMOTE SENSING” Thesis submitted to THE MAHARAJA SAYAJIRAO UNIVERSITY OF BARODA For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Geology Submitted by BHATT SWETA Under the guidance of PROF. NIKHIL DESAI Department of Geology Faculty of Science The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara – 390 002, Gujarat, India C O N T E N T S CHAPTER PAGE NO. I INTRODUCTION 1 TO 39 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Mangroves 5 1.3 Industrial Setup 6 1.3.1 Ports Development 8 1.4 Study Area 9 1.5 Physiography 10 1.6 Geology 12 1.7 Geomorphology 14 1.8 Climate 16 1.9 Drainage 19 1.10 Tides and Currents 20 1.11 Floral and Faunal Diversity 21 1.12 Coastal Wetland of the Study Area 24 1.12.1 Costal wetland of Mindhola River 27 1.12.2 Costal wetland of Purna River 27 1.12.3 Coastal wetlands of Rivers Ambika and Auranga 29 1.12.4 Coastal wetland of Par River 30 1.12.5 Coastal wetland of Kolak River 31 1.12.6 Coastal wetland of Damanganga River 31 1.12.7 Coastal wetland of Kalu/Kalai River 34 1.12.8 Coastal wetland of Varoli River 34 1.13 Aims and Objectives of Thesis 37 1.14 Methodology 38 II PREVIOUS WORK 40 TO 46 iv III MANGROVES 47 TO 92 3.1 Importance of Mangroves 48 3.1.1 Economic Benefits 49 3.1.2 Societal Importance and Ecological Services 51 3.2 The Mangrove Environment 53 3.3 Major Environmental Parameters Affecting 57 Mangroves 3.3.1 Climate 57 3.3.2 Temperature 58 3.3.3 Rainfall 58 3.3.4 Tidal Amplitude 60 3.3.5 Salinity 61 3.3.6 Geomorphology 62 3.4 Global Distribution of Mangroves 62 3.4.1 Global Mangrove Extent 67 3.5 Mangroves of India 70 3.5.1 Mangrove Extent in India 73 3.6 The Floral Diversity of Mangroves of India 74 3.7 Mangroves of Gujarat 79 3.7.1 Mangrove Extent in Gujarat 88 3.8 South Gujarat-Study Area 89 3.8.1 Mangrove Extent in South Gujarat 90 IV ESTUARINE GEOMORPHOLOGY 93 TO 125 4.1 Geomorphology-Definition 93 4.2 Fundamental Concepts 94 4.3 Coastal Systems 95 4.4 Coastal Geomorphology 96 4.5 Coastal Process 98 4.5.1 Sedimentary Process 100 4.5.2 Wave Process 101 v 4.5.3 Currents 102 4.5.4 Tides and Tidal Influence 103 4.5.5 Other Oceanographic Process 104 4.5.6 Wind Action 104 4.5.7 Frost Action 105 4.5.8 Fluvial Process 105 4.5.9 Weathering and Hill-Slope Processes 105 4.5.10 Biological Process 106 4.6 Estuarine Geomorphology 106 4.6.1 Estuaries and Their Geomorphology 108 4.6.2 Types of Estuaries 108 4.6.3 Morphodynamic Development of Estuaries 110 4.6.4 Estuarine Hydrodynamics 112 4.6.5 Process Influencing Estuarines 112 4.6.5.1 Tidal Processes in Estuaries 113 4.6.5.2 Wave-Influenced Estuaries 115 4.6.6 Estuarine Sedimentation 116 4.6.7 Drowned Valleys 117 4.7 Geomorphological Landforms of Estuarine Set-up 118 4.7.1 Stream Deposition (Fluvial) 118 4.7.2 Features resulting from marine deposition 121 4.7.3 From Fluvio-marine influence 123 V REMOTE SENSING 126 TO 169 5.1 Principles Of Remote Sensing-EMR 128 5.2 Characteristic of a Sensor 130 5.3 Resolution 131 5.4 Spectral Signature for the surface features of Earth 132 5.5 Importance of Remote Sensing in Coastal Region 135 5.6 Remote Sensing of Vegetation 136 5.6.1 Spectral Characteristics of Vegetation 143 5.6.2 Remote Sensing of Mangrove vegetation 153 vi VI DATA USED AND APPROACH 170 TO 209 6.1 Remote Sensing analysis 173 6.1.1 Data used 174 6.1.1.1 Survey of India toposheet (SOI) data 174 6.1.1.2 Satellite Data 175 6.1.2 Data Processing 177 6.1.2.1 Geometric Correction/Georeferencing 179 6.1.3 Image Analysis/Classification Steps 180 6.1.3.1 Classification Scheme 181 6.1.3.2 Image Enhancement 182 6.1.3.3 Classification Technique 183 6.2 Field Studies 194 6.3 Laboratory Analysis 199 VII RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7.1 Diversity of the mangrove wetlands of south 210 TO 251 Gujarat 7.2 Mapping of Mangrove habitats 252 TO 265 7.3 Community Zonation of Mangroves 266 TO 292 7.4 Geomorphological setup and changes over 4 293 TO 315 decades 7.5 Change Detection 316 TO 338 7.6 Soil and Water Sample Analysis 339TO 377 VIII ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL 378 TO 390 REFERENCES PUBLICATIONS vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE NO. 1.1 Industrial zones of Gujarat 8 1.2 Ports of Gujarat 9 1.3 Physiography Map of Gujarat 11 1.4 Geological Map of Gujarat 13 1.5 Isohyte Map of Gujarat 18 1.6 Drainage Map of Gujarat 20 1.7 Location map of the Study Area 26 1.8 Coastal wetland of Mindhola River 28 1.9 Coastal wetland of Purna River 28 1.10 Coastal wetland of Ambika-Auranga River 32 1.11 Coastal wetland of Par-Kolak River 33 1.12 Coastal wetland of Damanganga-Kalu River 33 1.13 Coastal wetland of Varoli River 35 3.1 Types of mangroves based on the environment 56 setting 3.2 Classification of mangrove environment 57 3.3 World Distribution of Mangrove diversity 63 3.4 Generalized global distribution of mangroves and the diversity of mangrove species per 15º of longitude 65 3.5 Extent of mangrove worldwide, 2005 69 3.6 Distribution of mangroves in India 71 4.1 An estuarine system 107 4.2 Schematic diagram of a typical estuary 108 4.3 Estuarine sub-types 110 4.4 Tide dominated estuary (A) Relative energy (B) 115 morphology 4.5 Wave dominate estuary (A)Relative energy (B) 116 morphology 4.6 Channel pattern and substratum geometry 119 Different fluvial styles are associated with different substratum geometries 4.7 Point Bar 120 4.8 Oxbow lake formation 121 4.9 Estuarine Set-up 124 5.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 127 5.2 Diagrammatic representation of interactions of the 127 electromagnetic radiations with Earth’s surface 5.3 The EMR spectrum ranging from UV to microwave 129 region showing the atmospheric transmission windows, radiation absorbing gases which block transmission at specific wavelengths and the wavebands of a remote sensing systems used in coastal management related applications 5.4 Typical Spectral Reflectance curve for Vegetation, 134 viii Soil and Water 5.5 Internal structure of leaf 146 5.6 Incident and reflected wavelength from different 151 tissues 5.7 Dominant factors controlling transmission from a leaf 152 6.1 Map depicting the SOI toposheets covering the study 175 area 6.2 Portable soil and water analysis kit 202 7.1 Habitat map of Mindhola estuary 254 7.2 Habitat map of Purna estuary 255 7.3 Habitat map of Ambika estuary 256 7.4 Habitat map of Auranga estuary 257 7.5 Habitat map of Par estuary 258 7.6 Habitat map of Kolak estuary 259 7.7 Habitat map of Damanganga and Kalu estuary 261 7.8 Habitat map of Varoli estuary 262 7.9 Community map of Mindhola wetland (2001) 270 7.10 Community map of Purna wetland (2003) 272 7.11 Community map of Ambika wetland (2005) 276 7.12 Community map of Auranga wetland (2005) 278 7.13 Community map of Par wetland (2005) 279 7.14 Community map of Kolak wetland (2001) 282 7.15 Community map of Damanganga and Kalu wetland 283 (1999) 7.16 Community map of Varoli wetland (2001) 286 7.17 Geomorphological map of Purna estuary – 1965 300 7.18 Geomorphological map of Purna estuary – 1978 301 7.19 Geomorphological map of Purna estuary – 1988 301 7.20 Geomorphological map of Purna estuary – 2003 302 7.21 Geomorphological map of Ambika - Auranga 303 estuaries- 1965 7.22 Geomorphological map of Ambika - Auranga 304 estuaries- 2005 7.23 Geomorphological map of Par estuary- 1965 306 7.24 Geomorphological map of Kolak estuary- 1965 307 7.25 Geomorphological map of Par and Kolak estuary- 308 2005 7.26 Geomorphological map of Damanganga estuary- 1965 310 7.27 Geomorphological map of Damanganga estuary- 2001 311 7.28 Geomorphological map of Varoli estuary- 1965 312 7.29 Geomorphological map of Varoli estuary- 2001 313 7.30 Map of Purna – 1965 318 7.31 Map of Purna – 1978 318 7.32 Map of Purna – 1988 319 7.33 Map of Purna – 2005 319 7.34 Change detection map of Purna – 1978 to 2005 320 7.35 Map of Ambika – 1965 324 7.36 Map of Ambika – 1972 325 ix 7.37 Map of Ambika – 2005 326 7.38 Change detection map of Ambika– 1972 to 2005 327 7.39 Map of Auranga – 1965 331 7.40 Map of Auranga – 1972 332 7.41 Map of Auranga – 2005 333 7.42 Change detection map of Auranga – 1972 to 2005 334 x LIST OF PLATES AND FLOW CHART PLATES AND FLOW CHART PAGE NO. 1.1 Overall methodology 39 3.1 Mangroves reported from Gujarat 84 3.2 Mangroves reported from Gujarat 85 3.3 Mangroves reported from Gujarat 86 3.4 Mangroves reported from Gujarat 87 6.1 Overall approached employed for thesis 171 6.2 Detailed approach employed for thesis 172 6.3 Process involved in remote sensing of 194 mangroves 6.4 Methodology employed for field work 195 6.5 Methodology for soil sample size 208 analysis 7.1 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 227 7.2 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 228 7.3 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 229 7.4 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 230 7.5 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 231 7.6 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 232 7.7 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 233 7.8 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 234 7.9 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 235 7.10 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 236 7.11 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 237 7.12 Mangrove biodiversity of south Gujarat 238 7.13 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 239 7.14 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 240 7.15 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 241 7.16 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 242 7.17 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 243 7.18 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 244 7.19 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 245 7.20 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 246 7.21 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 247 7.22 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 248 7.23 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 249 7.24 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 250 7.25 Mangrove associates of south Gujarat 251 7.26 Composition of mangrove community 289 categories in south Gujarat 7.27 Composition of mangrove community 290 categories in south Gujarat 7.28 Composition of mangrove community 291 categories in south Gujarat 7.29 Geomorphological features 315 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLES PAGE NO.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Off Arabian Sea
    Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 41(1), February 2012, pp. 90-97 Status of the seawater quality at few industrially important coasts of Gujarat (India) off Arabian Sea Poonam Bhadja & Rahul Kundu* Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, Gujarat, India. *[E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] ] Received 21 November 2010; revised 24 January 2011 Present study reports the spatial and temporal variations of the seawater quality from five major shores along the South Saurashtra coastline (India). The results suggested normal range of physical, chemical and biological characteristics in the samples of Dwarka and Mangrol as these coasts are not affected by any apparent anthropogenic effects of any kind. The results also suggested considerable anthropogenic load to the coastal waters of three other shores studied where moderate to high degree of industrial activities existed. Results of the present study revealed that the spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were considerably affected by anthropogenic impacts at Veraval, moderately at Kodinar and somewhat lesser degree at Diu. [Keywords: Anthropogenic impact; India; Saurashtra coast; Seawater quality; Spatial and temporal variation] Introduction the aquatic system are mainly controlled by the Seawater resources are considered to be one of the fluctuations in the physical and chemical major components of environmental resources that are characteristics of the water body13. The Arabian Sea is under threat either from over exploitation or pollution, considered as one of the most productive zones in the caused by human activities1. Coastal area is the most world oceans14-15. Coastal regions between Okha and dynamic and productive ecosystems and are also foci Bhavnagar is now a hot-spot for mega industries like of human settlements, industry and tourism2.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Coastal Areas of Valsad, South Gujarat
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Biodiversity of Coastal Areas of Valsad, South Gujarat Ayantika Das1, Jigna Desai2 1, 2Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Department of Biosciences, Surat, India Abstract: The present study documents the diversity and quantitative assessment of fringing mangroves in these nine different estuarine regions of Valsad district of South Gujarat. The most outstanding feature of our study is that we observed four species of mangrove and sixspecies of mangrove associate namely Avicennia marina, Sonneratia apetala, Salvadora persica, Acanthus illicifolius, Ipomoea pes caprae, Sesuviarum portulacastrum, Clerodendrum inerme, Derris heterophylla, Cressa cretica,and Aeluropus lagopoides.The dominant mangroves in these areas are Avicennia species and Acanthus illicifolius.Earlier works included Rhizophora mucronata which was not found during this study in any of the nine spots of mangrove forests.We have used the Jaccardian similarity index to analysis the floral diversity of our mangrove sites. Our studyhighlighted the relation between water quality parameters, environmental and anthropogenic stress and speciescomposition and structures of mangrove. Keywords: Quantitative assessment, anthropogenic pressures,water quality parameter 1. Introduction indicates that mangroves can change over from C3 to C4 photosynthesis under salt stress. Mangroves are prolific seed According to Chapman. 1976 coastal vegetation in India is producer that has higher viability as compared to other types categorized as – (1) marine algae(seagrasses) of littoral and of plants, also they are quick to attain height and biomass sublittoral zone, (2) algal vegetation of brackish and (Alongi. 2002). saltwater marshes, (3) vegetation of sand dunes, (4) vegetation of drift lines, (5) vegetation of shingle beach, (6) Though they breed sand flies and mosquitoes their benefits vegetation of coastal cliffs, rocky shores and coral reefs exceed their few disadvantages.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply Flow Diagram of Urban Local Bodies (Based on Year 2008-09)
    Water Supply Flow Diagram of Urban Local Bodies (Based on Year 2008-09) 1 Ahmedabad - Water Supply Flow Diagram (Municipal Corporation) Narmada Canal Kotarpur WTP Jaspur WTP 5 no. of French wells French well 6500 2750 LL/Day LL/Day Western Main Central Main Eastern Main No. of WDS-21 800 No. of WDS-62 No. of WDS-33 LL/Day Dudheshwa WTP West zone North zone East zone North zone 19 2 South zone 20 26 16 No. of WDS-6 WATER LOSS Water Production at Source: 9254.21 Lac Litres/Day Average daily quantity of water supplied: ND Water Estimated consumption quantity: 6388.00 Lac Litres/Day Estimated Total Loss: 2866.21 Lac Litres/Day Bore/ PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, TubeWell Consumer WTP Sump ESR HGLR Prepared by : Urban Management Centre 2 /Open End Well All units are in Lac Litres ; As on 2008-09 Bhavnagar - Water Supply Flow Diagram (Municipal Corporation) Shetrunji Mahi Pipe (Narmada Water) Dam Gaurishankar Khodiyar Lake Lake 400 150 180 LL/Day LL/Day LL/Day Thaktheswar Neelambaug Chitra Thaktheswar WDS Neelambaug WDS Chitra WDS Dilbhar WDS 319 LL Sump+ESR 40 LL Sump+ESR 36 LL Sump+ESR 22 LL Sump+ESR WATER LOSS Water Production at Source: 875.00 Lac Litres/Day Average daily quantity of water supplied: 859 .00 Lac Litres/Day Direct Pumping (5 Lac Liters water drawn from ground) Water Estimated consumption quantity: 514.80 Lac Litres/Day Estimated Total Loss: 360.20 Lac Litres/Day Bore/ PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM, TubeWell Consumer WTP Sump ESR HGLR Prepared by : Urban Management Centre 3 /Open End Well All units are in Lac Litres ; As on
    [Show full text]
  • 28D553be34c207439c0f26b9c3
    International Journal of Geosciences, 2014, 5, 622-633 Published Online May 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2014.56057 Submergence Analysis Using Geo-Informatics Technology for Proposed Dam Reservoirs of Par-Tapi-Narmada River Link Project, Gujarat State, India Khalid Mehmood1, Ajay Patel1, Vijay Singh1, Sumit Prajapati1, Manik Hari Kalubarme1, Indra Prakash1*, Keshav Prasad Gupta2 1Bhaskarcharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG), Department of Science & Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India 2National Water Development Agency (NWDA), Valsad, India Email: *[email protected], [email protected] Received 11 March 2014; revised 9 April 2014; accepted 5 May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Par-Tapi-Narmada river link envisages transfer of surplus water from west flowing rivers between Par and Tapi in Gujarat State, India to water deficit areas in North Gujarat. The scheme is located mainly in southern Gujarat but it also covers part of the areas of Maharashtra, North of Mumbai on the Western Ghats of India. The main aim of Par-Tapi-Narmada link is to transfer the surplus waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna River basins to take over part of Narmada Canal command (Miyagam branch) after providing enroute irrigation. It is proposed that water saved in Sardar Sarovar Project, as a result of this transfer, would be taken further northwards to benefit water scarce areas of north Gujarat and also westwards in Saurashtra and Kutch regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- an Illustrated Directory
    Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- An Illustrated Directory (An Outcome of the Project “Wetland & Waterbirds of Gujarat – A Status Report of Wetlands and Waterbirds of Gujarat State including a Wetland Directory”) Final Report Submitted by Dr. Ketan Tatu, Principal Investigator (Ahmedabad) Submitted to Training and Research Circle Gujarat State Forest Department, Gandhinagar December 2012 Wetland and Waterbird Heritage of Gujarat- An Illustrated Directory (An Outcome of the Project “Wetland & Waterbirds of Gujarat – A Status Report of Wetlands and Waterbirds of Gujarat State including a Wetland Directory”) Final Report Submitted by Dr. Ketan Tatu Principal Investigator Ahmedabad Submitted to Training and Research Circle (TRC) Gujarat State Forest Department Gandhinagar December 2012 Sponsored by Training and Research Circle, Gujarat State Forest Department Gandhinagar Acknowledgements I express my sincere thankfulness and profound gratitude to Dr. H. S. Singh, currently an Addl. PCCF, Gujarat Forest Dept. and then Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar, who gave me the opportunity and help to carry out the present study. Without the kind support and advice rendered by Dr. B. H. Patel, IFS, Dy. CF (Research), Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar, regarding the essential formalities this work would not have been completed. I am also thankful to Shri R. N. Tripathi, the then Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar for supporting this work and giving me necessary extension for completion of this work. I also extend my thanks to Shri D. S. Narve, CCF and Director, Gujarat Forest Research Institute, Gandhinagar for being patient and supportive in the last phase of the study. I am highly indebted to Shri B.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewed & Indexed Quarterly Journal in Science, Agriculture & Engineering EFFECT of DIFFERENT RIVER WATER on GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT of Cynodon Dactylon Bhoomi P
    VOL. VIII, ISSUE XXVIII, JAN 2019 MULTILOGIC IN SCIENCE ISSN 2277-7601 An International Refereed, Peer Reviewed & Indexed Quarterly Journal in Science, Agriculture & Engineering EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RIVER WATER ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Cynodon dactylon Bhoomi P. Panchal1, Mayuri C. Rathod2 and D. A. Dhale3 1Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, (Gujrat) India 2Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, (Gujrat) India. Dept. of Botany, SSVPS’s, L.K.Dr.P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule (M.S.) India (Received:09.11.2018; Revised: 14.12.2018; Accepted: 17.12.2018) (RESEARCH PAPER BIOTECHNOLOGY) Abstract: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a perennial grass that possesses pivotal medicinal value in Ayurveda. The study includes the effect of the three rivers on the growth and development of the C. dactylon. Water samples were collected from the Wanki, the Auranga and the Ghadoi river of Valsad district in Gujarat State in winter season. The samples were analysed by parameter – TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). The results shows that the Wanki and the Ghadoi river water support the proper growth of C. dactylon. The water of the river Auranga was not suitable for growth of C. dactylon. Key Words: Cynodon dactylon, River water, TDS. Introduction: In our study, we used water from three rivers and tap water of Valsad Due to suitable climate and habitat, a flora of India is famous all over city for the growth of C. dactylon in winter season. These three rivers the world. India is a treasure house of medicinal plants. “The Royal includes Wanki, Auranga and Ghadoi.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology and Water Assessment
    Chapter – 5 Hydrology and Water Assessment 5.0 General The Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project involves Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna river basins of South Gujarat and neighboring Maharashtra State. The Hydrological studies of this project comprising Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna river basins with Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites were carried out by Hydrological Studies Organization, Central Water Commission, New Delhi. The hydrological studies of the Par-Tapi-Narmada link had been compiled in three volumes by Central Water Commission; Volume– I: Water availability studies; Volume– II: Design flood and diversion flood (in two parts); Volume– III: Sedimentation studies and were appended in “Volume– IV: of DPR i.e Appendices – Hydrology and Water Assessment” of the DPR of the link project prepared by NWDA in August, 2015. Brief details of the studies werealso furnished in “Volume-I: Main Report”of the DPR (August-2015) under Chapter-5 - Hydrology and Water Assessment. Since the link canal demands and diversion of surplus yields available for diversion at the above proposed reservoirs are unchanged, no separate Hydrological and Water Assessment studies have been carried out. Brief details of the studies are furnished below. 5.1 General Climate and Hydrology The climate of the Par-Tapi-Narmada link project area is moderate except during the months of April and May. Summer is hot and winter is generally cold. The year may be divided into four seasons, the cold season from Dec to Feb followed by the hot season from March to May and the south-west monsoon season from June to Sept followed by the post- monsoon season from Oct to Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply Flow Diagram Catalogue
    WATER SUPPLY FLOW DIAGRAM CATALOGUE Municipalities of Gujarat V02, 2012-13 URBAN MANAGEMENT CENTRE III Floor, AUDA Building, Usmanpura Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat Tel: 079 27546403 Email: [email protected] ; www.umcasia.org Urban Management Centre (UMC) Performance Assessment System (PAS) The Urban Management Centre (UMC) is a not-for-profit PAS, a five-year action research project, has been organization based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, working initiated by CEPT University with funding from the Bill towards professionalizing urban management in India and and Melinda Gates Foundation. PAS aims to develop South Asia. UMC provides technical assistance and better information on water and sanitation support to Indian state local government associations and performance at the local level to be used to improve implements programs that work towards improvement in the financial viability, quality and reliability of services. cities by partnering with city governments. It will use performance indicators and benchmarks on UMC builds and enhances the capacity of city water and sanitation services in all the 400-plus urban governments by providing much-needed expertise and areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra. UMC and the All ready access to innovations on good governance India Institute of Local Self Governance are CEPT’s implemented in India and abroad. UMC is a legacy project partners in Gujarat and Maharashtra, organization of International City/County Management respectively. Association (ICMA) and hence is also known as ICMA- South Asia. More details are available on www.pas.org.in. www.umcasia.org ABOUT THIS CATALOGUE This catalogue displays graphical flow diagrams of water supply network of 159 municipalities of Gujarat.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter – 2 Physical Features
    Chapter – 2 Physical Features 2.1 Geographical Disposition The Par-Tapi-Narmada link canal, its proposed six reservoirs, two barrages, two tunnels, six power houses, feeder canals and command area are located in the basins of west flowing rivers from Par to Tapi, Tapi and Narmada. The basins of west flowing rivers from Par to Tapi lie between north latitudes 20o 13’ to 21o 14’ and east longitudes 72 o 43’ to 73 o 58’. The Tapi basin lies between north latitudes 20 o 05’ to 22 o 03’ and east longitudes 72 o 38’ to 78 o 17’ while the Narmada basin lies between north latitudes 21o 20’ to 23o 45’ and east longitudes 72o 32’ to 81o 45’. The link traverses between Par and Narmada from south to north. Index map showing rivers, basin boundaries, State boundaries, dams etc is appended at Plate 1.1 in Volume-VII. 2.2 Topography of the Basins, Reservoirs and Command Area The link canal passes through Par, Auranga, Ambica, Purna, Mindhola, Tapi and Narmada basins. Physiographic map of the adjoining area of the Par-Tapi-Narmada link project is at Fig - 2.1. Each of the basins is described below separately: 2.2.1 Par Basin The Par river is one of the important west flowing rivers in the region, north of Mumbai and south of the Tapi river. The river rises in the Sahyadri hill ranges at an elevation of about 1100 m above mean sea level in Nasik district of Maharashtra State and traverses a distance of 131 km before draining into the Arabian Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project Salient Features Sl
    Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project Salient Features Sl. Particulars No. 1 Name of the Project Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project 2 Type of Project Multipurpose (Irrigation or Multipurpose) 3 Location Maharashtra and Gujarat 3.1 River Basin a) Name Par, Auranga, Ambica, Purna, Mindhola, Tapi,Kim and Narmada b) Located in i) State(s) Gujarat and Maharashtra 3.2 River / Tributary Par/Aroti, Nar, Bhimtas, Vajra and Keng Auranga/Man and Tan, Ambica/Khapri, Olan, Kaveri and Kharera,Purna/Girra, Zankhari and Damas khadi 3.3 State(s)/Districtrict(s)/ Taluka(s) in which the following are located: a) Reservoirs State District Taluka (i) Jheri Dam Maharashtra Nasik Peint (ii) Paikhed Dam Gujarat / Valsad/Nasik Dharampur/ Maharashtra Surgana (iii)Chasmandva Dam Gujarat / Valsad/Nasik Dharampur/ Maharashtra Surgana (iv) Chikkar Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa (v) Dabdar Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa (vi)Kelwan Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa b) Head work State District Taluka (i) Jheri Dam Maharashtra Nasik Peint (ii) (a) Paikhed Dam Gujarat Valsad Dharampur (b)Paikhed barrage Gujarat Valsad Dharampur (iii) (a)Chasmandva Gujarat Valsad Dharampur Dam (b)Chasmandva Gujarat Valsad Dharampur barrage (iv) Chikkar Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa (v) Dabdar Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa (vi) Kelwan Dam Gujarat Dang Ahwa xxxiv c) Command Area State District Taluka 1. Enroute command Gujarat Dang Ahwa area Bharuch Ankleshwar, Valia Jhagadia Navsari Vansda Surat Mangrol,Mahuva, Mandvi Tapi Vyara Valsad Dharampur 2. Projects proposed by Gujarat Navsari Vansda,Chikhali Government of Khergam Gujarat Valsad Kaprada, Valsad, Dharampur Tapi Vyara,Songadh Surat Mahuva 3. Right side command Gujarat Tapi Vyara area by lift Tapi Songadh Surat Mangrol, Umarpada Bharuch Jhagadia, Valia 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Lighthouses in India During the 19Th & 20Th Centuries- Above All to Mr John Oswald and Mr S.K
    INDIAN LIGHTHOUSES – AN OVERVIEW CONTENTS Foreword Preface Indian Lighthouse Service – An introduction Lighthouses and Radar Beacons [Racons] The story of Radio Beacons Decca Chain & Loran -C Chain References Abbreviations Drawings Lighthouses through Ages Light sources Reflectors and Refractors Photographs Write up notes Index Lighthouses on West Coast Kachchh & Saurashtra Gulf of Khambhat & Maharashtra Goa, Kanataka & Kerala Lakshadweep & Cape Lighthouses on East Coast Tamilnadu & Andhra Orissa & West Bengal Lighthouses in Andaman & Nicobar Islands Bay Islands Andaman & Nicobar FOREWORD The contribution saga of Indian Lighthouses in enriching the Indian Maritime Tradition is long and cherished one. A need was felt for quite some time to compile data on Indian Lighthouses which got shape during the eighth Senior Officers meeting where it was decided to bring out a compilation of Indian Lighthouses. The book is an outcome of two years rigorous efforts put in by Shri R.K. Bhanti, Director (Civil) who visited all the lighthouses in pursuit of collecting data on Lighthouses. The Lighthouse-generations to come will fondly remember his contribution. “Indian Lighthouses- an Overview” is a first ever book on Indian Lighthouses which gives implicit details of Lighthouses with a brief historical background. I am hopeful this book will be useful to all concerned. 21st July, 2000 J. RAMAKRISHNA Director General PREFACE The Director General Mr. J. Ramakrishna, when in December, 1997, asked me to document certain aspects of changes which took place at each Lighthouse during different periods of time, and compile them into a book, little did I realise at that time that the job was going to be quite tough and a time consuming project.
    [Show full text]
  • Par – Tapi - Narmada Link Project
    PAR – TAPI - NARMADA LINK PROJECT ANNEXURE-I PROJECT INDEX MAP 1 PAR – TAPI - NARMADA LINK PROJECT ANNEXURE-II Land to be acquired under Reservoir Submergence of Various Dams Dam site Submergence Area (ha) Forest Land Culturable and River Portion Total Other Land Jheri 408 256 172 836 Paikhed 317 589 88 994 Chasmandva 300 255 60 615 Chikkar 300 332 110 742 Dabdar 614 482 153 1249 Kelwan 890 450 289 1629 Total 2829 2364 872 6065 Details of Land to be Acquired for Link Canal and Feeder Pipe lines Link Details of Land (ha) Forest Culturable Uncultivable River Total Land Land Land Portion Par- Tapi 964.30 855.00 133.80 26.60 1979.70 Tapi-Narmada 402.00 1457.70 188.50 60.10 2108.30 Feeder 244.10 152.60 0.90 9.10 406.70 Pipe lines Total 1610.40 2465.30 323.20 95.80 4494.70 Land to be acquired for Par -Tapi - Narmada Link Project Dam site Area (ha) Reservoir Submergence of Various Dams 6065.00 Link Canal and Feeder Pipe lines 4494.70 Total 10559.7 2 PAR – TAPI - NARMADA LINK PROJECT ANNEXURE-III Salient Features Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project Sl. Particulars No. 1 Name of the Project Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project 2 Type of Project (Irrigation Multipurpose or Multipurpose) 3 Location Maharashtra and Gujarat 3.1 River Basin a) Name Par, Auranga, Ambica, Purna, Mindhola, Tapi,Kim and Narmada b) Located in i) State(s) Gujarat and Maharashtra 3.2 River / Tributary Par/Aroti, Nar, Bhimtas, Vajra and Keng Auranga/Man and Tan, Ambica/Khapri, Olan, Kaveri and Kharera,Purna/Girra, Zankhari and Damas khadi 3.3 State(s)/Districtrict(s)/ Taluka(s) in which
    [Show full text]