History, Ethnography and Models in Times of Crisis
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Work and Livelihoods This volume presents a global range of ethnographic case studies to explore the ways in which—in the context of the restructuring of industrial work, the ongoing financial crisis, and the surge in unemployment and precari- ous employment—local and global actors engage with complex social pro- cesses and devise ideological, political, and economic responses to them. It shows how the reorganization and re-signification of work, notably shifts in the perception and valorization of work, affect domestic and community arrangements and shape the conditions of life of workers and their families. Victoria Goddard is Professor and National Teaching Fellow at the Anthro- pology Department at Goldsmiths. Susana Narotzky is Professor of Social Anthropology at the Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. Routledge Studies in Anthropology 27 The Anthropology of Postindustrialism Ethnographies of Disconnection Edited by Ismael Vaccaro, Krista Harper and Seth Murray 28 Islam, Standards, and Technoscience In Global Halal Zones Johan Fischer 29 After the Crisis Anthropological thought, neoliberalism and the aftermath James G. Carrier 30 Hope and Uncertainty in Contemporary African Migration Edited by Nauja Kleist and Dorte Thorsen 31 Industry and Work in Contemporary Capitalism: Global Models, Local Lives? Edited by Victoria Goddard and Susana Narotzky 32 Anthropology and Alterity Edited by Bernhard Leistle 33 Mixed Race Identities in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands Edited by Farida Fozdar and Kirsten McGavin 34 Freedom in Practice Edited by Moises Lino e Silva and Huon Ward 35 Work and Livelihoods History, Ethnography and Models in Times of Crisis Edited By Susana Narotzky and Victoria Goddard Work and Livelihoods History, Ethnography and Models in Times of Crisis Edited by Susana Narotzky and Victoria Goddard First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Susana Narotzky and Victoria Goddard The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBN: 978-1-138-81398-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74780-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781315747804 Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of Figures viii Acknowledgments ix List of Contributors x 1 Work and Livelihoods: An Introduction 1 VICTORIA GODDARD SECTION I Past, Present and Future: Generations in Times of Crisis 29 2 Lost Generations? Unemployment, Migration and New Knowledge Regimes in Post EU Poland 31 FRANCES PINE 3 Credentialism and Recommendations: The Bases of the Reproduction of the Metallurgical Working Class in Contemporary Argentina 46 LAURA PERELMAN AND PATRICIA VARGAS 4 Continuity and Disruption: The Experiences of Work and Employment across Three Generations of Steelworkers in Volta Redonda 60 GONZALO DÍAZ CROVETTO SECTION II Continuities and Discontinuities 75 5 Post-Fordist Work Organization and Daily Life from a Gender Perspective: The Case of FIAT-SATA in Melfi 77 FULVIA D’ALOISIO vi Contents 6 Opening the Black Box of Employability: Change Competence, Masculinity and Identity of Steelworkers in Germany and the UK 93 VERA TRAPPMANN 7 Employment Precariousness and Social Reproduction in the Shipbuilding Industry of Piraeus 109 MANOS SPYRIDAKIS SECTION III Lives of Worth 121 8 Regimes of Value and Worthlessness: How Two Subaltern Stories Speak 123 DON KALB 9 Post-industrial Landscape: Space and Place in the Personal Experiences of Residents of the Former Working-class Estate of Ksawera in Będzin 137 KAZIMIERA WÓDZ AND MONIKA GNIECIAK SECTION IV The Politics of Resistance 155 10 Workers and Populism in Slovakia 157 JURAJ BUZALKA AND MICHAELA FERENCOVÁ 11 ‘A Trojan Horse in Our Midst’: The Saturn Plant and the Disorganization of Autoworkers in the US 172 SHARRYN KASMIR 12 Getting by Beyond Work, or the Intertwining of Production and Reproduction among Heavy Industry Workers and Their Families in Ferrol, Spain 187 IRENE SABATÉ MURIEL Contents vii Afterword 203 Making Difference: Concluding Comments on Work and Livelihoods 205 SUSANA NAROTZKY Index 217 Figures 4.1 Generations at CSN, Volta Redonda. 69 9.1 The ruins of the crèche facilities, Ksawera Estate. 142 9.2 The former mine infrastructure: the canteen and restaurant buildings, Ksawera Estate. 143 9.3 The derelict swimming pool of the “Zagłębianka” sports complex. 143 9.4 Będzin Ksawera railway station. 144 9.5 The new urban landscape: the “Pogoria” hypermarket. 149 Acknowledgments The chapters in this edited volume were originally presented at a confer- ence held in Barcelona in February 2012, which concluded an EU FP7 funded collaborative research project (MEDEA—Models and their Effects on Development Paths: An Ethnographic and Comparative Approach to Knowledge Transmission and Livelihood Strategies). We wish to thank the European Union’s Seventh Framework as well as the University of Barce- lona and the ARCS-DGR program of the Generalitat de Catalunya for their support in organizing the conference. We wish to thank the doctoral stu- dents at the University of Barcelona who helped organize the conference, in particular Gemma Anton, Jaime Palomera and Diana Sarkis. We would like to thank as well the many colleagues whose participation in the confer- ence enriched the debate. In addition to the contributors to this volume, we would mention Flavia Lessa de Barros, Paz Benito del Pozo, Carmen Bueno, Arianna Dal Forno, Andrea Fumagalli, Enrico Gibellieri, Elena González- Polledo, Rosana Guber, Costis Hadjimichalis, Douglas Holmes, Gustavo Lins Ribeiro, Ubaldo Martínez Veiga, Edoardo Mollona, David Ost, Luis Reygadas, Lydia Morris, Jonathan Parry, and Gavin Smith. We are grateful to the staff at Goldsmiths, University of London and to the University of Barcelona, and the Fundació Bosch Gimpera for the support and assistance they provided the MEDEA project. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the encouragement and guidance offered by staff at the European Com- mission, in particular Ronan O’Brien, Maria del Pilar González Pantaleón, Marie Ramot and Ivkov Stoyan. We also take this opportunity to thank friends and colleagues for their encouragement, inspiration and critique over years of collaborative work and intense debate. To our families, our gratitude for their understanding when pressing deadlines have diverted our energies away from the support and care they deserve. Contributors Juraj Buzalka is Associate Professor of Social Anthropology at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava. He is an author of Nation and Religion: The Politics of Commemoration in South-east Poland (Münster: Lit 2007). His recent articles include ‘Tast- ing Wine in Slovakia: Post-socialist Elite Consumption of Cultural Par- ticularities’ (in Wine and Culture: Vineyard to Glass. Rachel E. Black and Robert C. Ulin (eds.), Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013) and ‘The Political Lives of Dead Populists in Post-socialist Slovakia’ (in Thinking through Transition. Liberal Democracy, Authoritarian Pasts, and Intellectual History in East Central Europe After 1989. Michal Kopeček and Piotr Wciślik (eds.), (CEU Press, 2015). He is currently working on a mono- graph dealing with political movements in East Central Europe. Fulvia D’Aloisio is Associate Professor at the Second University of Naples (Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli). She specializes in the anthro- pology of work and enterprise, urban anthropology, fertility and family in Italy. Her research collaborations include work with Brown Univer- sity on the ELFI Project (Explaining Low Fertility in Italy, headed by David Kertzer), with LUPT Centre (Laboratorio di Urbanistica e Pianifi- cazione Territoriale) of the Federico II University (Naples); with Officina Emilia Centre, Department of Economics Marco Biagi of the University of Modena-Reggio. Her main publications are Donne in tuta amaranto (Guerini & Associati, 2003); Non son tempi per fare figli. Orientamenti e comportamenti riproduttivi nella bassa fecondità italiana (ed., Guer- ini & Associati, 2007); Vita di fabbrica. Cristina racconta il decollo e la crisi della Fiat-Sata di Melfi (Franco Angeli, Milano, 2014). Gonzalo Díaz Crovetto is Docente Investigador in the Department of Anthropology and in the Center of Intercultural and Interethnic Studies at the Catholic University of Temuco. He has done research and pub- lished articles about topics relating to rural anthropology, anthropology of globalization, anthropological theory and anthropology of catastro- phes, in a number of specialized journals in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Contributors xi Michaela Ferencová received her Ph.D. in ethnology from Comenius Uni- versity/Institute of Ethnology, Slovak Academy