Berkeley Vale Wind Park Stinchcombe
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BERKELEY VALE WIND PARK STINCHCOMBE GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION For ECOTRICITY CA PROJECT: 3307 CA REPORT: 10229 DECEMBER 2010 BERKELEY VALE WIND PARK STINCHCOMBE GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION CA PROJECT: 3307 CA REPORT: 10229 prepared by Tim Havard, Project Officer date 23 December 2010 checked by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork date 23 December 2010 approved by Mark Collard, Head of Contracts signed date 23 December 2010 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-6) .......................................................................................... 6 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 9 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 9 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 10 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS..................................................................... 11 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS............................................................................................... 13 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ........................................................................... 14 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:5000) Fig. 3 Trenches 1-3 showing archaeological features and results of geophysical survey (1:1000) Fig. 4 Trenches 4-6 and 8 showing archaeological features, geophysics and section (1:1250) Fig. 5 Trench 7 showing geophysical survey results (1:1000) Fig. 6 Trenches 2 and 6 plans and sections (various scales) 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Berkeley Vale Wind Park Location: Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire NGR: ST 7185 9920 Type: Evaluation Date: 6-9 December 2010 Planning Reference: S.10/1638/FUL Location of Archive: To be deposited with Stroud Museum In The Park Accession Number: STGCM 2010.79 Site Code: BVW 10 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in December 2010 at the site of the proposed Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire. Eight trenches were excavated. Two parallel ditches of Roman date, several furrows and an undated pit were recorded. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In December 2010 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Ecotricity at the site of the proposed Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: ST 7185 9920; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to accompany a planning application to Stroud District Council for the development of a wind farm comprising four wind turbines with associated crane hardstandings, access tracks and temporary construction compound (Ref. S.10/1638/FUL). 1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a brief for archaeological evaluation (GCC 2010) prepared by Mr Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council, the archaeological advisor to Stroud District Council, and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (CA 2010) and approved by Mr Parry. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire (GCC 1995), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The site 1.3 The proposed development area comprises a total area of approximately 152ha, almost exclusively under pasture. The site is bounded to the west by the Gloucester- Bristol railway line, and partly bounded to the north by the B4066 and several field boundaries. To the east, the site is partly defined by Standle Lane, as well as several further field boundaries. The southern part of the site is defined by existing field boundaries (Fig. 2). The highest part of the site lies at around 54m AOD, towards the central-eastern area. A natural ridge runs south from here, and the land slopes gently east to heights of around 25m AOD. The land also slopes gently down to the north of the site, to a height of around 35m AOD. 1.4 The solid geology of the majority of the site comprises Lower Lias Clay of the Jurassic period. A small deposit of drift River Terrace gravels (First Terrace of the River Severn and tributaries) is mapped by the BGS within the southern extreme of the site 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation (Ecotricity 2010, Fig. 9.1). A very narrow, localised, deposit of Alluvium is also mapped along the course of the small drainage stream in the northern part of the site (ibid.). During the evaluation reddish or yellowy-brown clay substrate was recorded in all trenches. Archaeological background 1.5 Chapter 9 of the Environmental Statement prepared by Ecotricity contains a Cultural Heritage Assessment of the site, and further reference should be made to this for the detailed archaeological background (Ecotricity 2010). The results of the assessment are, however, summarised below, followed by the results of a subsequent geophysical survey undertaken in 2010. 1.6 Archaeological investigations and observations were carried out during the construction of the M5 motorway in the early 1970s, including part of the fields in the easternmost extreme of the site, where a small scatter of Roman and medieval pottery was recorded. The course of the Roman road running between Seamills (Roman Abona,) and Gloucester (Glevum) is projected by the NMR records to run through the site. The road is number 541 in Ivan Margary’s standard text Roman Roads in Britain (Margary 1973, 140). Although it is almost certain that there was a road between these two settlements, the actual route of the road is largely uncertain, and is projected as an approximate alignment in the vicinity of the site. Between Dursley to the north (where it is thought to have joined a better recorded route between Gloucester and near Keynsham; Margary route 541a) and the Stone area it is thought likely to have run on the eastern side of the Vale of Berkeley, but there is little further evidence for its course. Possible alignments and earthwork evidence for the route were examined during the site inspection for the Environmental Statement, but no evidence for the route was identified. The course of a Roman road running immediately to the east of the site is rather better established. This road ran from Gloucester to meet the Bath (Aqua Sulis)-Sea Mills road close to modern-day Keynsham. The length of this route has been established largely through aerial photographs and the fossilisation of the route in the current road system, paths and tracks, field boundaries and lynchets. 1.7 It is likely that the site area formed part of the agricultural hinterland of Stinchcombe during the medieval period, much as it does today. No ridge and furrow earthworks (formed by medieval ploughing practices in the open field system) were recorded 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Berkeley Vale Wind Park, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation within the Cultural Heritage Assessment study area, or observed on aerial photographs of the area (Ecotricity 2010). 1.8 A geophysical survey, within the proposed locations of access roads, wind turbines and a temporary construction compound, found no conclusive evidence for archaeological features (PCG 2010). Anomalies identified were tentatively interpreted as ditches in the northern part of the survey area and three pits in the access track and location of proposed Turbine 3. Buried services, land drains and rubble spreads, potentially associated with railway construction, were also identified. However, the strong response of the railway fence may have masked weaker anomalies of potential archaeological origin. Archaeological objectives 1.9 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This information will assist Stroud District Council in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of the proposed development. Methodology 1.10 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of eight trenches in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Trenches 1-4 and 6-7 measured 50m x 1.8m, trench 5 measured 45m