Living Rev. Relativity, 14, (2011), 5 LIVINGREVIEWS http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2011-5 (Update of lrr-2000-3) in relativity Gravitational Wave Detection by Interferometry (Ground and Space) Matthew Pitkin Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K. email:
[email protected] Stuart Reid Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K. email:
[email protected] Sheila Rowan Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K. email:
[email protected] Jim Hough Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K. email:
[email protected] Accepted on 17 June 2011 Published on 11 July 2011 Abstract Significant progress has been made in recent years on the development of gravitational- wave detectors. Sources such as coalescing compact binary systems, neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries, stellar collapses and pulsars are all possible candidates for detection. The most promising design of gravitational-wave detector uses test masses a long distance apart and freely suspended as pendulums on Earth or in drag-free spacecraft. The main theme of this review is a discussion of the mechanical and optical principles used in the various long baseline systems in operation around the world { LIGO (USA), Virgo (Italy/France), TAMA300 and LCGT (Japan), and GEO600 (Germany/U.K.) { and in LISA, a proposed space-borne interferometer.