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3-8 August, 1998 & Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SCHEDULED FOR THE 52ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AT NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY; FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA 3-8 AUGUST, 1998 EDITED BY DAVID F. MILLIE SOUTHERN REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTER, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70124 USA PAUL KUGRENS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80528 USA & LAWRENCE FRITZ DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA 86011 USA 2 ABSTRACTS PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA The Phycological Society of America was founded in 1946 to promote research and teaching in all fields of Phycology. The society publishes the research bimonthly in the Journal of Phycology and quarterly in the Phycological Newsletter, as well as the Applied Phycology Forum. Annual meetings are held, often jointly with other national or international societies of mutual member interest. At each annual meeting the society sponsors a Distinguished Lecture by an outstanding scientist. Phycological Society of America awards include the Bold Award for best student paper, the Provasoli Award for outstanding papers published in the Journal of Phycology, and the Prescott Award for the best Phycology book published within the previous two years. The society provides financial aid to graduate student members through Croasdale Fellowships for enrollment in phycology courses at biological stations, Hoshaw Travel Awards for travel to the annual society meeting, and Grants-In-Aid for supporting research. To join the Phycological Society of America, contact the membership director. President: Richard M. McCourt, Department of Botany, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA; Telephone: (215) 299-1157, Facsimile: (215) 299- 1028, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Past President: Lynda J. Goff, Department of Biology, Earth & Marine Sciences Building, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; Telephone: (408) 459-2832, Facsimile: (408) 459-4822, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Vice President/President Elect: Paul Kugrens, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA; Telephone: (970) 491-7551, Facsimile: (970) 491-0649, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Secretary: Jane C. Gallagher, Biology Department, City University of New York, 138th St. at Convent Ave., New York NY 10031 USA; Telephone: (212) 650-8507, Facsimile: (212) 650-8585, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Kyle D. Hoagland, Department of Forestry Fish, & Wildlife, University of Nebraska, 101 Plant Industry, Lincoln NE USA 68583 USA; Telephone: (402) 472-8182, Facsimile: (402) 472-2964, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Program Director: David F. Millie, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA; Telephone: (504) 286-4457, Facsimile: (504) 286-4419, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Local Organizer: Lawrence Fritz, Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; Telephone: (520) 523-8265, Facsimile: (520) 523-7500, Electronic Mail: [email protected] Abstracts of papers presented at this year's meeting are published as a supplement to the June issue of the Journal of Phycology and mailed to members. ABSTRACTS 3 1 3Department of Phycology, University of Copenhagen, AN ANTARCTIC FEEDING TRIANGLE: Østerfarimagsgade 2D, Copenhagen K, Denmark CHEMICAL DEFENSE, PHYSICAL DEFENSE, AND MUTUALISM IN MACROALGAE, The 18S rRNA and rbcL genes were determined for URCHINS, AND ANEMONES representative members of the Chrysophyceae. Amsler, C. D.1, McClintock, J. B.1 & Baker, B. J.2 Phylogenetic trees from parsimony and distance analyses 1Department of Biology, University of Alabama at are largely congruent. However, this molecular Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA; 2Department phylogeny is starkly at odds with the traditional of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Pascher/Bourrelly/Starmach scheme of classification for Melbourne, FL 32901 USA the class. For example, Chromulina nebulosa (Chromulinaceae, Chromulinales) is most closely related We document a unique relationship between red to Chrysamoeba pyrenoidosa (Chrysamoebaceae, macroalgae (Phyllophora antarctica and Iridaea Chrysamoebales). Also, Cyclonexis annularis cordata), the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri, and the (Ochromonadaceae, Ochromo-nadales) is most closely sea anemone Isotelia antarctica. We have shown that related to Phaeoplaca thallosa (Phaeoplacaceae, both macroalgal species are chemically defended against Phaeoplacales). Some genera, such as Dinobryon and herbivory by S. neumayeri. This is supported by Epipyxis, have been considered to be so closely related studies showing macroalgae to be only minor that some workers have placed them in a single genus; components of the urchin gut contents. However, molecular data suggest they are distantly related. urchins prefer to cover themselves with these Ultrastructural data, where available, generally support macroalgae. At sites in nature where macroalgal drift is the molecular phylogenies. For example, Hibberdia and present, over 95% of the urchins use macroalgae as Chromophyton have very similar flagellar apparatuses, cover and the vast majority of available drift is being and they are sister taxa in molecular analyses. held by them. When presented with equal amounts of Conversely, Lagynion is reported to have a flagellar macroalgae and other cover materials in the laboratory, apparatus similar to Hibberdia, but these genera are "naive" urchins collected at sites without macroalgae inferred to be distantly related in our analyses of have a strong preference for macroalgae. The major molecular data. The recent removal of several groups predator on sea urchins in this system is the sea from the Chrysophyceae [e.g., Chrysomeridiophyceae, anemone I. antarctica. The presence of algal cover on Dictyocophyceae (including pedinellids and the urchins significantly increases the likelihood of Rhizochromulina), Haptophyceae, Pelagophyceae escape from I. antarctica during a predation event (including Sarcinochrysidales), Phaeothamnio-phyceae, because the anemones' tentacles attach to the algae, and Synurophyceae] and the recent addition of which the urchins then release as they escape. This ultrastructural and molecular data indicate that the defense is physical, not chemical, as thalli from which classification scheme for the Chrysophyceae should be defensive chemicals have been extracted are equally re-evaluated. protective. The macroalgae benefit from this unique relationship because large numbers of fertile drift plants 3 are retained in the photic zone by these dominant, IDENTIFICATION OF GENES EXPRESSED circumpolar urchins and, presumably, continue to SPECIFICALLY WHEN THE CENTRIC DIATOM release spores and contribute to the gene pool rather THALASSIOSIRA WEISSFLOGII UNDERGOES than being washed onto shore or into deep water. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Armbrust, E. V. 2 Marine Molecular Biotechnology Laboratories, School PHYLOGENY OF CHRYSOPHYCEAE USING 18S of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, rDNA AND rbcL SEQUENCES, WITH WA 98195 USA COMMENTS ON ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION An intriguing aspect of the diatom life cycle is that each Andersen, R. A.1, Potter, D.2, Daugbjerg, N.3 & mitotic division creates one daughter cell that is the Bailey, J. C.1 same size as the parent cell and one daughter cell that is 1Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay slightly smaller. Thus, the mean cell size of most Harbor, ME 04575 USA; 2Department of Pomology, diatom populations decreases over successive University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; generations. A common manner of escaping this trend 4 ABSTRACTS of diminishing cell size is through sexual reproduction. is coiled and interlaced within the oil body. Importantly, only those cells with diameters below a Confirmatory freeze-fracture photomicrographs of minimum size can be induced to undergo gametogenesis Schizochytrium sp. exhibited fracture planes with and subsequent zygote (auxospore) formation. The terraces averaging 52.18 + 6.8 Å in height and newly formed auxospore expands to generate a post- correspond to the combined width of two halves of two auxospore cell which is much larger than either parent light bands and one dark band observed in the high cell and is once again resistant to sexual induction cues. pressure freeze substitution photomicrographs. The As a first step towards understanding the molecular results suggest the triacylglycerols within basis for this coupling between cell size and Schizochytrium sp. oil bodies may be organized in a responsiveness to sexual triggers, genes expressed triple chain length structure and a model for this specifically during gametogenesis have been identified. structure is proposed. These results are also compared Two clonal cell lines of the diatom Thalassiosira to oil bodies in electron micrographs of several weissflogii have been isolated; cells from one line have comparable oil-producing species of fungi and algae relatively small cell diameters and can be induced to with known fatty acid compositions employing the same undergo gametogenesis whereas cells from the other line high-pressure freeze substitution technique. have relatively large cell diameters and are immune to the same induction cues. A PCR-based technique has
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