DOCSLIB.ORG

Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Studies on micro algal fine-structure, taxonomy and systematics : cryptophyceae and bacillariophyceae. Novarino, Gianfranco Award date: 1990 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Studies on microalgal fine-structure, taxonomy, and systematics: Cryptopbyceae and Bacillariopbyceae In Two Volumes Volume I (Text) ,, ý,ý *-ýýI Twl by Gianfranco Novarino, Dottore in Scienze Biologiche (Rom) A Thesis submitted to the University of Wales in candidature for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor University of Wales (Bangor) School of Ocean Sciences Marine Science Laboratories Menai Bridge, Isle of Anglesey, United Kingdom December 1990 Lýýic. JýýVt. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Acknowledge mehts Dr I. A. N. Lucas, who supervised this work, kindly provided his helpful guidance, sharing his knowledge and expertise with patience and concern, critically reading the manuscripts of papers on the Cryptophyceae, and supplying many starter cultures of the strains studied here. Mr T. B. B. Paddock and Dr D. G. Mann provided constructive criticism and valued suggestions on the manuscripts of the diatom papers. Drs P. Tett and D. K. Mills made it possible for me to perform contract phytoplankton analyses within the context of the NERC 'North Sea' research project 1988/89, and to include information derived therefrom in the present thesis. During the hot month of August, 1988, I was able to undertake some TEM preparation work at the Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy. This was possible thanks to the kindness of Professors B. Baccetti (Siena), A. Burrini (Siena), and G. Ravagnan (Rome). Professors R. Gaddini de Benedetti (Rome) and G. B. Marini-Bettolo (Rome), were very helpful thanks to their general interest in my work. Professor G. Bazzichelli (Rome) and Dr N. Abdelahad (Rome), provided stimulating discussions during brief visits to Italy. Together with Dr L. Zucconi, Professor Bazzichelli also made diatom material from the Cesati Herbarium, Rome, available for study. Professor G. B. Fogg, FRS, kindly 'unearthed' precious information on the culture collection of R. W. Butcher, dating from the time it was being - iii - transferred from Burham-on-Crouch to Westfield College, London. Mr M. D. Budd, M. Phil., provided starter cultures of 'Rhodomonas' sp. We engaged in interesting discussions on biological philosophy, and (sometimes) managed to arrange lively musical sessions, which provided distraction and enjoyment. Within the context of the services provided by the EM Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales (Bangor), Mr D. A. Davies skilfully developed the photographic negatives taken with the Philips 301 and Kratos Corinth TEMs. Financial assistance was provided by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy, in the form of a special contribution 'Altri Interventi' from September 1988 to March 1989; and from Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, jointly with the Royal Society, London, in the form of an award from April 1990 to July 1990, within the context of the European Science Exchange Programme. I should like to pay a tribute to Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best, whose pioneering work on the isolation of insulin in the 1920s eventually made it possible for countless insulin- dependent diabetics to enjoy life much in the same way as non-diabetics. Last, but not least, I should like to thank my loved ones, whose concern, support, and affection, made this thesis possible in the first place. To all of them, and especially Alfredo and Nica, this work is dedicated with gratitude. - iv - Abstract Part I deals with the fine-structure of 25 marine and 3 freshwater strains of cryptomonads, and 2 species observed in fixed marine plankton samples. Emphasis is placed on scanning electron microscope observations, which yield valuable taxonomic data, providing that cell shrinkage (up to about 25 % linear), and other undesirable effects of preparation schedules, are taken into account. The fine-structural information is used for judging the taxonomic value of some cell features. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include the cell shape, periplast features (especially the shape and size of the periplast areas), chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, presence of a 'tail', and the presence of a true, non-artifactual furrow on the ventral cell face. A new classification system is proposed. This allows for the existence of three orders, four families, seven pigmented genera, and two colourless ones. Most diagnosis or descriptions of taxa above the generic level are based on only one character. This should make the system capable of accomodating new taxa with little difficulty. The following new taxa are described: Rbinomonas reticulata comb. nov., R. et stat. nov., R. .reticulata var. atrorosea comb. reticulata var. compresses var. nov., R. reticulate var. eleniana var. nov., Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb. nov., P. pseudobal tics var. 1 eonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas sahne var. curvata var. nov., Pyrenomonadales ord. nov., Pyrenomonadaceee fam. nov., and Cryptomonadales ord. nov. - Part II deals with the diatom genus Mastoglola. An update of the taxa assigned to this genus is given, together with a 'resemblance list' useful for identifying taxa not included in the main reference work for the genus. The frustule architecture of Mastoglola smitbii is examined with particular reference to the valvocopula, especially the features involved in its integration with the valve. - vi - Fore word Whether the facts of nature are only awaiting to be discovered, or whether they are revealed to us with parsimony, is a matter which may be adequately discussed by philosophers alone. In the case of the cryptomonads, however, it is unnecessary to be versed in philosophy for agreeing fully with the second point of view. These organisms have been studied for more than a century and a half, and yet remain an intriguing and mysterious group of algae, protozoans, protists, protoctists, chromists, or ... M. The first studies on their fine-structure brought about the feeling that their secrets would soon be unlocked. It appears that this promise has not yet been fulfilled: the cryptomonads, which have cast new light on the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell, have been extremely reticent about themselves. Have they given all that they can give, or can they tell us more? Could it not be that the notorious difficulties of their taxonomy and systematics are due, at least in part, to some kind of myth? It is hoped that Part I of this work may provide a clue, however modest, towards the answer. The diatoms are probably the most intensively studied group of microalgae, and yet they still raise numerous questions: for instances, the process of identifying species within the large genera; the structure of the frustule, especially the architecture and integration of the various parts; and the phylogenetic relations between genera. It is hoped that Part II of this work may contribute some information of interest. - vii - Third Party material excluded from digitalized copy. Please refer to original text to see this material. - viii - CC n- ents Declarations ii Acknowledgements Iii Abstract v Foreword vii Some philosophical considerations: general introduction to this thesis 1 Part I: Cryptophyceae Chapter 1- Introduction to Part I <Cryptophyceae)8 Chapter 2- Material and methods 17 Chapter 3- Observations on Hemiselmis rufescens and Hemiselmis virescens, with particular reference to the periplast 29 Chapter 4- Observations on new varieties and combinations in the genus Rbinomonas, with comments on the genera Pyrenomonas and Rbodomonas 38 Chapter 5- Observations on Proteomonas pseudobalti- ca comb. nov. and Proteomonas pseudobaltica var. leonardiana var. nov., with comments on a freshwater Cryptomonas 599 ' Chapter 6-A brief scanning electron microscope survey of marine Cryptophyceae, with comments on a freshwater form, cell shrinkage, and some effects of fixation schedules 69 - ix - Chapter 7- Observations on some species of Cbroomonas 93 Chapter 8- Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae 104 Chapter 9- Discussion to Part 1 124 Part II: Bacillariophyceae and general conclusions II Chapter 10 - Introduction to Part (Bacillariophyceae) 130 Chapter 11 - An update of the taxa of the genus Nastogloia, with a 'resemblance li st' for the more recently described ones 133 Chapter 12 - Observations on the frustule architecture of Xastogloia smitbii 136 Chapter 13 - Discussion to Part II 148 Chapter 14 - Mare philosophical con siderations: general conclusions to this thesis 153 Appendix -A database of selected culture strains of Cryptophyceae 155 References 214 - Some
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2021 Tese Rmfranca.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA HIDRÁULICA E AMBIENTAL PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL RAIMUNDA MOREIRA DA FRANCA ESTRUTURA FITOPLANCTÔNICA EM RESERVATÓRIOS CEARENSES - ASSOCIAÇÃO HIDROCLIMÁTICA E ESTADO TRÓFICO FORTALEZA-CE 2021 RAIMUNDA MOREIRA DA FRANCA ESTRUTURA FITOPLANCTÔNICA EM RESERVATÓRIOS CEARENSES – ASSOCIAÇÃO HIDROCLIMÁTICA E ESTADO TRÓFICO Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos à obtenção do título de doutora em Engenharia Civil (Recursos Hídricos). Área de concentração: Saneamento Ambiental. Orientador: Profº. Dr. Fernando José Araújo da Silva. FORTALEZA-CE 2021 RAIMUNDA MOREIRA DA FRANCA ESTRUTURA FITOPLANCTÔNICA EM RESERVATÓRIOS CEARENSES - ASSOCIAÇÃO HIDROCLIMÁTICA E ESTADO TRÓFICO Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos à obtenção do título de doutora em Engenharia Civil (Recursos Hídricos). Área de concentração: Saneamento Ambiental. Aprovada em: 04/05/2021 BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fernando José Araújo da Silva (Orientador) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) ________________________________________________________ Prof.ª. Dra. Marisete Dantas de Aquino (Examinadora Interna) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Iran Eduardo Lima Neto (Examinador
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: a Digital Tool to Increase The
    Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-171 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 21 July 2021 Science c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: A digital tool to increase the discoverability and usability of plankton time-series data Clare Ostle1*, Kevin Paxman1, Carolyn A. Graves2, Mathew Arnold1, Felipe Artigas3, Angus Atkinson4, Anaïs Aubert5, Malcolm Baptie6, Beth Bear7, Jacob Bedford8, Michael Best9, Eileen 5 Bresnan10, Rachel Brittain1, Derek Broughton1, Alexandre Budria5,11, Kathryn Cook12, Michelle Devlin7, George Graham1, Nick Halliday1, Pierre Hélaouët1, Marie Johansen13, David G. Johns1, Dan Lear1, Margarita Machairopoulou10, April McKinney14, Adam Mellor14, Alex Milligan7, Sophie Pitois7, Isabelle Rombouts5, Cordula Scherer15, Paul Tett16, Claire Widdicombe4, and Abigail McQuatters-Gollop8 1 10 The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. 2 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquacu∑lture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK. 3 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France. 4 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK. 5 15 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CRESCO, 38 UMS Patrinat, Dinard, France. 6 Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Angus Smith Building, Maxim 6, Parklands Avenue, Eurocentral, Holytown, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, UK. 7 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK. 8 Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK. 9 20 The Environment Agency, Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way, Peterborough, PE4 6HL, UK. 10 Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Fig.S1. the Pairwise Aligments of High Scoring Pairs of Recognizable Pseudogenes
    LysR transcriptional regulator Identities = 57/164 (35%), Positives = 82/164 (50%), Gaps = 13/164 (8%) 70530- SNQAIKTYLMPK*LRLLRQK*SPVEFQLQVHLIKKIRLNIVIRDINLTIIEN-TPVKLKI -70354 ++Q TYLMP+ + L RQK V QLQVH ++I ++ INL II P++LK 86251- ASQTTGTYLMPRLIGLFRQKYPQVAVQLQVHSTRRIAWSVANGHINLAIIGGEVPIELKN -86072 70353- FYTLLRMKERI*H*YCLGFL------FQFLIAYKKKNLYGLRLIKVDIPFPIRGIMNNP* -70192 + E L + F L + +K++LY LR I +D IR +++ 86071- MLQVTSYAED-----ELALILPKSHPFSMLRSIQKEDLYRLRFIALDRQSTIRKVIDKVL -85907 70191- IKTELIPRNLN-EMELSLFKPIKNAV*PGLNVTLIFVSAIAKEL -70063 + + EMEL+ + IKNAV GL + VSAIAKEL 85906- NQNGIDSTRFKIEMELNSVEAIKNAVQSGLGAAFVSVSAIAKEL -85775 ycf3 Photosystem I assembly protein Identities = 25/59 (42%), Positives = 39/59 (66%), Gaps = 3/59 (5%) 19162- NRSYML-SIQCM-PNNSDYVNTLKHCR*ALDLSSKL-LAIRNVTISYYCQDIIFSEKKD -19329 +RSY+L +I + +N +YV L++ ALDL+S+L AI N+ + Y+ Q + SEKKD 19583- DRSYILYNIGLIYASNGEYVKALEYYHQALDLNSRLPPAINNIAVIYHYQGVKASEKKD -19759 Fig.S1. The pairwise aligments of high scoring pairs of recognizable pseudogenes. The upper amino acid sequences indicates Cryptomonas sp. SAG977-2f. The lower sequences are corresponding amino acid sequences of homologs in C. curvata CCAP979/52. Table S1. Presence/absence of protein genes in the plastid genomes of Cryptomonas and representative species of Cryptomonadales. Note; y indicates pseudogenes. Photosynthetic Non-Photosynthetic Guillardia Rhodomonas Cryptomonas C. C. curvata C. curvata parameciu Guillardia Rhodomonas FBCC300 CCAP979/ SAG977 CCAC1634 m theta salina -2f B 012D 52 CCAP977/2 a rps2 + + + +
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Transoceanic NOBOB Vessels and Low-Salinity Ballast Water As Vectors for Non-Indigenous Species Introductions to the Great Lakes
    A Final Report for the Project Assessment of Transoceanic NOBOB Vessels and Low-Salinity Ballast Water as Vectors for Non-indigenous Species Introductions to the Great Lakes Principal Investigators: Thomas Johengen, CILER-University of Michigan David Reid, NOAA-GLERL Gary Fahnenstiel, NOAA-GLERL Hugh MacIsaac, University of Windsor Fred Dobbs, Old Dominion University Martina Doblin, Old Dominion University Greg Ruiz, Smithsonian Institution-SERC Philip Jenkins, Philip T Jenkins and Associates Ltd. Period of Activity: July 1, 2001 – December 31, 2003 Co-managed by Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 and NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory 2205 Commonwealth Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 April 2005 (Revision 1, May 20, 2005) Acknowledgements This was a large, complex research program that was accomplished only through the combined efforts of many persons and institutions. The Principal Investigators would like to acknowledge and thank the following for their many activities and contributions to the success of the research documented herein: At the University of Michigan, Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research, Steven Constant provided substantial technical and field support for all aspects of the NOBOB shipboard sampling and maintained the photo archive; Ying Hong provided technical laboratory and field support for phytoplankton experiments and identification and enumeration of dinoflagellates in the NOBOB residual samples; and Laura Florence provided editorial support and assistance in compiling the Final Report. At the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Sarah Bailey and Colin van Overdijk were involved in all aspects of the NOBOB shipboard sampling and conducted laboratory analyses of invertebrates and invertebrate resting stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Biovolumes and Size-Classes of Phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea
    Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No.106 Biovolumes and Size-Classes of Phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 106 Biovolumes and size-classes of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Authors: Irina Olenina, Centre of Marine Research, Taikos str 26, LT-91149, Klaipeda, Lithuania Susanna Hajdu, Dept. of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Lars Edler, SMHI, Ocean. Services, Nya Varvet 31, SE-426 71 V. Frölunda, Sweden Agneta Andersson, Dept of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-910 20 Hörnefors, Sweden Norbert Wasmund, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestr. 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany Susanne Busch, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestr. 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany Jeanette Göbel, Environmental Protection Agency (LANU), Hamburger Chaussee 25, D-24220 Flintbek, Germany Slawomira Gromisz, Sea Fisheries Institute, Kollataja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland Siv Huseby, Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-910 20 Hörnefors, Sweden Maija Huttunen, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Lyypekinkuja 3A, P.O. Box 33, FIN-00931 Helsinki, Finland Andres Jaanus, Estonian Marine Institute, Mäealuse 10 a, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia Pirkko Kokkonen, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland Iveta Ledaine, Inst. of Aquatic Ecology, Marine Monitoring Center, University of Latvia, Daugavgrivas str. 8, Latvia Elzbieta Niemkiewicz, Maritime Institute in Gdansk, Laboratory of Ecology, Dlugi Targ 41/42, 80-830, Gdansk, Poland All photographs by Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) Cover photo: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited to as: Olenina, I., Hajdu, S., Edler, L., Andersson, A., Wasmund, N., Busch, S., Göbel, J., Gromisz, S., Huseby, S., Huttunen, M., Jaanus, A., Kokkonen, P., Ledaine, I.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Protist Mitochondria: Introns, Gene Content and Genome Architecture
    Diversity and Evolution of Protist Mitochondria: Introns, Gene Content and Genome Architecture 著者 西村 祐貴 内容記述 この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開（または一部 非公開）になっています year 2016 その他のタイトル プロティストミトコンドリアの多様性と進化：イン トロン、遺伝子組成、ゲノム構造 学位授与大学 筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba) 学位授与年度 2015 報告番号 12102甲第7737号 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00144261 Diversity and Evolution of Protist Mitochondria: Introns, Gene Content and Genome Architecture A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science (Doctral Program in Biologial Sciences) Yuki NISHIMURA Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 1 Genes encoded in mitochondrial genomes of eukaryotes ..................................................... 3 Terminology .......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1. General introduction ................................................................................ 5 The origin and evolution of mitochondria ............................................................................ 5 Mobile introns in mitochondrial genome .............................................................................. 6 The organisms which are lacking in mitochondrial genome data ........................................ 8 Chapter 2. Lateral transfers of mobile introns
    [Show full text]
  • Introns, Gene Content and Genome Architecture
    Diversity and Evolution of Protist Mitochondria: Introns, Gene Content and Genome Architecture A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science (Doctral Program in Biologial Sciences) Yuki NISHIMURA Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 1 Genes encoded in mitochondrial genomes of eukaryotes ..................................................... 3 Terminology .......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1. General introduction ................................................................................ 5 The origin and evolution of mitochondria ............................................................................ 5 Mobile introns in mitochondrial genome .............................................................................. 6 The organisms which are lacking in mitochondrial genome data ........................................ 8 Chapter 2. Lateral transfers of mobile introns among distantly related mitochondrial genomes ................................................................................................ 11 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 11 2-1. Leucocryptos
    [Show full text]
  • HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS UNEXPECTED PHYTOPLANKTON PREY of an ESTUARINE COPEPOD a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Sa
    HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS UNEXPECTED PHYTOPLANKTON PREY OF AN ESTUARINE COPEPOD A Thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In partial fulfillment of z o l i the requirements for OL the Degree • Hk ^ Master of Science In Biology: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology by Ann Elisabeth Holmes San Francisco, California Copyright by Ann Elisabeth Holmes 2018 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read High-throughput sequencing reveals unexpected phytoplankton prey of an estuarine copepod by Ann Elisabeth Holmes, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Science in Biology: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology at San Francisco State University. Wim Kimmerer, PhD Professor Jopathon Stillman, PhD Professor Andrea Swei, PhD Assistant Professor HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS UNEXPECTED PHYTOPLANKTON PREY OF AN ESTUARINE COPEPOD Ann Elisabeth Holmes San Francisco, California 2018 Selective feeding by copepods has important ecological implications such as food web length, nutrient limitation, and control of algal blooms. Traditional methods for investigating copepod feeding in natural waters (e.g. stable isotope and fatty acid tracers or microdissection) have low taxonomic specificity or significant biases. We used high- throughput genetic sequencing (HTS) to identify in situ the phytoplankton prey of Pseudodiaptomus forbesi (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the San Francisco Estuary. Amplicons of the 16s rRNA gene were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. Cyanobacteria were the most frequently detected prey taxon, a result not predicted due to expected low nutritional value. In contrast, prey taxa expected to have high nutritional value for copepods (diatoms and cryptophytes) were not detected as frequently as anticipated based on the expectations generated using traditional approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Physiological Characterization of a Novel Virus Infecting Stephanopyxis Palmeriana (Bacillariophyta)
    Note Algae 2015, 30(2): 81-87 http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2015.30.2.081 Open Access Isolation and physiological characterization of a novel virus infecting Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Bacillariophyta) JinJoo Kim1, Seok-Hyun Yoon1 and Tae-Jin Choi2,* 1Fishery and Ocean Information Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Korea 2Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea Recent studies have shown the importance of viruses as potential sources of plankton mortality, which affect primary production and biogeochemical functions of their hosts. Here, we report basic characteristics of a novel virus (Stepha- nopyxis palmeriana virus: SpalV) that causes lysis of a culture of the diatom S. palmeriana, which was isolated in Jaran Bay, Korea, in August 2008. SpalV is a round-shaped viral particle ~25-30 nm in diameter that propagates in its host’s cytoplasm. In addition, it shows species-specific infectivity among the tested diatom species. The burst size and latent period are estimated to be roughly 92 infectious units cell-1 and <80 h, respectively. Key Words: algal virus; Bacillariophyceae; Stephanopyxis palmeriana INTRODUCTION Seawater contains diverse organisms and viruses that (Smetacek 1999). Therefore, lysis of these species by virus infect their host, with ~105-109 virus particles in 1 mL of infection can reduce primary production. For example, seawater (Suttle et al. 1990, Suttle 2007). The majority of the inoculation of phytoplankton communities of several these viruses infect bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaea, and major algal species with viral concentrates from seawater other eukaryotic organisms, but some of these viruses in- reduced primary production by as much as 78% (Suttle et fect macro- or microalgae.
    [Show full text]