Pathein Cyclone Scenario Planning Summary 20 February 2015
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Yangon University of Economics Department of Commerce Master of Banking and Finance Programme
YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MASTER OF BANKING AND FINANCE PROGRAMME INFLUENCING FACTORS ON FARM PERFORMANCE (CASE STUDY IN BOGALE TOWNSHIP, AYEYARWADY DIVISION) KHET KHET MYAT NWAY (MBF 4th BATCH – 30) DECEMBER 2018 INFLUENCING FACTORS ON FARM PERFORMANCE CASE STUDY IN BOGALE TOWNSHIP, AYEYARWADY DIVISION A thesis summited as a partial fulfillment towards the requirements for the Degree of Master of Banking and Finance (MBF) Supervised By : Submitted By: Dr. Daw Tin Tin Htwe Ma Khet Khet Myat Nway Professor MBF (4th Batch) - 30 Department of Commerce Master of Banking and Finance Yangon University of Economics Yangon University of Economics ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the influencing factors on farms’ performance in Bogale Township. This research used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected by interviewing with farmers from 5 groups of villages. The sample size includes 150 farmers (6% of the total farmers of each village). Survey was conducted by using structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and linear regression methods are used. According to the farmer survey, the household size of the respondent is from 2 to 8 members. Average numbers of farmers are 2 farmers. Duration of farming experience is from 11 to 20 years and their main source of earning is farming. Their living standard is above average level possessing own home, motorcycle and almost they owned farmland and cows. The cultivated acre is 30 acres maximum and 1 acre minimum. Average paddy yield per acre is around about 60 bushels per acre for rainy season and 100 bushels per acre for summer season. -
ANNEX 12C: PROFILE of MA SEIN CLIMATE SMART VILLAGE International Institute of Rural Reconstruction; ;
ANNEX 12C: PROFILE OF MA SEIN CLIMATE SMART VILLAGE International Institute of Rural Reconstruction; ; © 2018, INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL RECONSTRUCTION This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited. Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la création originale soit adéquatement reconnu. IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI: 108748-001-Climate and nutrition smart villages as platforms to address food insecurity in Myanmar 33 IDRC \CRDl ..m..»...u...».._. »...m...~ c.-..ma..:«......w-.«-.n. ...«.a.u CLIMATE SMART VILLAGE PROFILE Ma Sein Village Bogale Township, Ayeyarwaddy Region 2 Climate Smart Village Profile Introduction Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia bordering Bangladesh, Thailand, China, India, and Laos. It has rich natural resources – arable land, forestry, minerals, natural gas, freshwater and marine resources, and is a leading source of gems and jade. A third of the country’s total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 mi) is coastline that faces the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country’s population is estimated to be at 60 million. Agriculture is important to the economy of Myanmar, accounting for 36% of its economic output (UNDP 2011a), a majority of the country’s employment (ADB 2011b), and 25%–30% of exports by value (WB–WDI 2012). -
Usg Humanitarian Assistance to Burma
USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO BURMA RANGOON CITY AREA AFFECTED AREAS Affected Townships (as reported by the Government of Burma) American Red Cross aI SOURCE: MIMU ASEAN B Implementing NGO aD BAGO DIVISION IOM B Kyangin OCHA B (WEST) UNHCR I UNICEF DG JF Myanaung WFP E Seikgyikanaunglo WHO D UNICEF a WFP Ingapu DOD E RAKHINE b AYEYARWADY Dala STATE DIVISION UNICEF a Henzada WC AC INFORMA Lemyethna IC TI Hinthada PH O A N Rangoon R U G N O I T E G AYEYARWADY DIVISION ACF a U Zalun S A Taikkyi A D ID F MENTOR CARE a /DCHA/O D SC a Bago Yegyi Kyonpyaw Danubyu Hlegu Pathein Thabaung Maubin Twantay SC RANGOON a CWS/IDE AC CWS/IDE AC Hmawbi See Inset WC AC Htantabin Kyaunggon DIVISION Myaungmya Kyaiklat Nyaungdon Kayan Pathein Einme Rangoon SC/US JCa CWS/IDE AC Mayangone ! Pathein WC AC Î (Yangon) Thongwa Thanlyin Mawlamyinegyun Maubin Kyauktan Kangyidaunt Twantay CWS/IDE AC Myaungmya Wakema CWS/IDE Kyauktan AC PACT CIJ Myaungmya Kawhmu SC a Ngapudaw Kyaiklat Mawlamyinegyun Kungyangon UNDP/PACT C Kungyangon Mawlamyinegyun UNICEF Bogale Pyapon CARE a a Kawhmu Dedaye CWS/IDE AC Set San Pyapon Ngapudaw Labutta CWS/IDE AC UNICEF a CARE a IRC JEDa UNICEF a WC Set San AC SC a Ngapudaw Labutta Bogale KEY SC/US JCa USAID/OFDA USAID/FFP DOD Pyinkhayine Island Bogale A Agriculture and Food Security SC JC a Air Transport ACTED AC b Coordination and Information Management Labutta ACF a Pyapon B Economy and Market Systems CARE C !Thimphu ACTED a CARE Î AC a Emergency Food Assistance ADRA CWS/IDE AC CWS/IDE aIJ AC Emergency Relief Supplies Dhaka IOM a Î! CWS/IDE AC a UNICEF a D Health BURMA MERLIN PACT CJI DJ E Logistics PACT ICJ SC a Dedaye Vientiane F Nutrition Î! UNDP/PACT Rangoon SC C ! a Î ACTED AC G Protection UNDP/PACT C UNICEF a Bangkok CARE a IShelter and Settlements Î! UNICEF a WC AC J Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WC WV GCJI AC 12/19/08 The boundaries and names used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the U.S. -
HINTHADA, V1, English Hinthada - Myanmar N " 0 '
760000 780000 800000 95°20'0"E 95°25'0"E 95°30'0"E 95°35'0"E 95°40'0"E 95°45'0"E 95°50'0"E 95°55'0"E ! GLIDE number: N/A Activation ID: EMSR130 Letpandan Product N.: 07HINTHADA, v1, English Hinthada - Myanmar N " 0 ' 5 Flood - 01/08/2015 4 ° 7 1 N Delineation Map - Monit02 " 0 ' 5 4 ° 7 1 Magway Nepal Rakhine Kayah China I r India r a w a Bangladesh Chiang d d S y Mai it Myanmar Vietnam to R n g Laos Gulf of 1iv 0 Nay Pyi Taw Mae e Bago ^ Tonkin r ( A Hong y e 0 0 y Bay o f Son 0 0 a Thailand r 0 0 Ping w Beng al 0 0 n a 6 6 e d e 9 9 09 y Cambodia w 1 1 ) l Anda ma n a Hinthada S Sea Gulf of Bay of 08 Th ailand Bengal Mon 07 Yangon !(Bago Kayin Tak Ayeyarwady 06 a t 11 12 !( Hpa-an l 04 Rangoon !( Pathein !( e D N " d y 0 ' d !( 0 a Mawlamyine 4 w ° 13 7 03 a 1 r Ir 02 01 N Gulf of " 0 Martaban ' 0 4 ° 7 1 Andaman 14 15 Sea Hinthada! !Tharrawaddy Cartographic Information 1:110000 Full color ISO A1, low resolution (100 dpi) 0 2,5 5 10 km Grid: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 46N map coordinate system Tick marks: WGS 84 geographical coordinate system ± Legend N " 0 ' 5 Hydrology 3 Crisis Information ° 7 1 N " Flooded Area (04-09-2015 11:46 UTC) Lake 0 ' 5 3 ° 7 1 General Information Reservoir Area of Interest Thonse River ! Settlements Transportation ! Populated Place Railway Built-Up Area Primary Road Secondary Road 0 0 Local Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 9 9 1 1 N " Consequences within the AOI on 04/09/2015 0 ' 0 Affected Total in AOI 3 ° Okekan 7 ! 1 Flooded area ha 57169 N " 0 ' Estimated population Inhabitants 102851 1156590 0 3 ° 7 Settlements Built-up area ha 120 14875 1 Transportation Railways km 0 78 Primary roads km 0 25 Secondary roads km 1 174 Zal!un I Local roads km 13 600 rra wa dd y R Map Information ive r Unusual heavy monsoon rains have been affecting Myanmar since 16 July causing river overflows and floods. -
Appendix 6 Satellite Map of Proposed Project Site
APPENDIX 6 SATELLITE MAP OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE Hakha Township, Rim pi Village Tract, Chin State Zo Zang Village A6-1 Falam Township, Webula Village Tract, Chin State Kim Mon Chaung Village A6-2 Webula Village Pa Mun Chaung Village Tedim Township, Dolluang Village Tract, Chin State Zo Zang Village Dolluang Village A6-3 Taunggyi Township, Kyauk Ni Village Tract, Shan State A6-4 Kalaw Township, Myin Ma Hti Village Tract and Baw Nin Village Tract, Shan State A6-5 Ywangan Township, Sat Chan Village Tract, Shan State A6-6 Pinlaung Township, Paw Yar Village Tract, Shan State A6-7 Symbol Water Supply Facility Well Development by the Procurement of Drilling Rig Nansang Township, Mat Mon Mun Village Tract, Shan State A6-8 Nansang Township, Hai Nar Gyi Village Tract, Shan State A6-9 Hopong Township, Nam Hkok Village Tract, Shan State A6-10 Hopong Township, Pawng Lin Village Tract, Shan State A6-11 Myaungmya Township, Moke Soe Kwin Village Tract, Ayeyarwady Region A6-12 Myaungmya Township, Shan Yae Kyaw Village Tract, Ayeyarwady Region A6-13 Labutta Township, Thin Gan Gyi Village Tract, Ayeyarwady Region Symbol Facility Proposed Road Other Road Protection Dike Rainwater Pond (New) : 5 Facilities Rainwater Pond (Existing) : 20 Facilities A6-14 Labutta Township, Laput Pyay Lae Pyauk Village Tract, Ayeyarwady Region A6-15 Symbol Facility Proposed Road Other Road Irrigation Channel Rainwater Pond (New) : 2 Facilities Rainwater Pond (Existing) Hinthada Township, Tha Si Village Tract, Ayeyarwady Region A6-16 Symbol Facility Proposed Road Other Road -
Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1
Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 2 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 3 4 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 စ Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 5 6 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 7 8 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 9 10 Pathein University Research Journal 2017, Vol. 7, No. 1 Spatial Distribution Pattrens of Basic Education Schools in Pathein City Tin Tin Mya1, May Oo Nyo2 Abstract Pathein City is located in Pathein Township, western part of Ayeyarwady Region. The study area is included fifteen wards. This paper emphasizes on the spatial distribution patterns of these schools are analyzed by using appropriate data analysis methods. This study is divided into two types of schools, they are governmental schools and nongovernmental schools. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to express the spatial distribution patterns of Basic Education Schools in Pathein City. Primary data are obtained from field surveys, informal interview, and open type interview .Secondary data are collected from the offices and departments concerned .Detailed facts are obtained from local authorities and experience persons by open type interview. Key words: spatial distribution patterns, education, schools, primary data ,secondary data Introduction The study area, Pathein City is situated in the Ayeyarwady Region. The study focuses only on the unevenly of spatial distribution patterns of basic education schools in Pathein City . -
Members of Parliament-Elect, Myanmar/Burma
To: Hon. Mr. Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General United Nations From: Members of Parliament-Elect, Myanmar/Burma CC: Mr. B. Lynn Pascoe, Under-Secretary-General, United Nations Mr. Ibrahim Gambari, Under-Secretary-General and Special Adviser to the Secretary- General on Myanmar/Burma Permanent Representatives to the United Nations of the five Permanent Members (China, Russia, France, United Kingdom and the United states) of the UN Security Council U Aung Shwe, Chairman, National League for Democracy Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, General Secretary, National League for Democracy U Aye Thar Aung, Secretary, Committee Representing the Peoples' Parliament (CRPP) Veteran Politicians The 88 Generation Students Date: 1 August 2007 Re: National Reconciliation and Democratization in Myanmar/Burma Dear Excellency, We note that you have issued a statement on 18 July 2007, in which you urged the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) (the ruling military government of Myanmar/Burma) to "seize this opportunity to ensure that this and subsequent steps in Myanmar's political roadmap are as inclusive, participatory and transparent as possible, with a view to allowing all the relevant parties to Myanmar's national reconciliation process to fully contribute to defining their country's future."1 We thank you for your strong and personal involvement in Myanmar/Burma and we expect that your good offices mandate to facilitating national reconciliation in Myanmar/Burma would be successful. We, Members of Parliament elected by the people of Myanmar/Burma in the 1990 general elections, also would like to assure you that we will fully cooperate with your good offices and the United Nations in our effort to solve problems in Myanmar/Burma peacefully through a meaningful, inclusive and transparent dialogue. -
D E D a Y E K Y a I K L a T B O G a L E Pyapon Mawlamyinegyun
95°30’0"E 95°40’0"E 95°50’0"E TAUNGBOGON NGA-EINDAN KWINGYAUNG KALAGYI KALAUNGBON DAUNGGYI MIGYAUNGAING YWA-BIT YWAHAUNG MAYAN KYUNGYA MAYAN TA M AN G YI KALAGYIWA YOKSAING GYOWA GONDANGALE KUNBINGYAUNG MALAGON NPOPON YWATHIT KYONSOK ONGYI TA M U T TALOKSEIK KUNGYANGON TAUNGALE MINHLAZU MAYAN AMAWCHOK KYAUKYEZU KYAGON THEGON TA I N G KWI HTEINGAING NGE-EINZU KYONKYAIK KYONBE LE-EINZU AINGBON TEIKPWIN TANYINGON Mawlamyinegyun TA M O N KYONTA MEZALIGAN HPONYOZEIKASU KYIBINZU SHANGWIN NYAUNGGYAUNG Kyaiklat TA M AWG Y I LINDAING KANZU TA M AN MINHLA-ASU HNGETTAW TETTEZU THEINGONGYI HKANAUNG KYAGAYET YWATHIT-ASHE TA M AW- ATE T CHAUKEINDAN MAYITKA-KWIN KUNBIN THALEIK KANZU MA-UBIN KULAN-MYAUK THAYAGON HTALUNZU INDU DABAYIN MINGAN KULAN-TAUNG NYINAUNG NANGYAUNG MYINGAGON HKANAUNG-ASHE AKHA KULAN-MYAUK LAMUGYI SHANZU AGEGYI PETALA BOGALE TEINBIN BONTHALEIK DANIZU KOTHETSHE-ASU ASIGALE TA M AN KWI N TAW H KA M AN KYONDU KYONTHUT-ASHE HSATTHABUGON 16°20’0"N KYUNGYA THANLAIK PETTETAUNG 16°20’0"N THE-EIN KAYINZU HMAWBI HMAWAING TAW H L A WEGYI HAINGSI YWATHIT THAKAN CHAUNGDWIN TA M AN G YI GWEDAAUKKON LETPYAUNGBAING THEGONGALE YWADANSHE THITTOGYAUNG PAYA GY IGO N POYAUNG THE-EINGYAUNGZU THAYAGON KAYINZU SAYAYO-ASU AKYI MAYANGWA MEZALIGYAUNG ONBIN PA-AUNGGYI PANGADAT SHANGWIN KALAGYICHAUNG TEBINZEIK THAKAN DANIBAT KYONKU KWIN KHAMAPO UDO KONDAN YEGYAW-YWA POSHWELON-ASU MANGEGALE KANZU KYAUNGZU DedayeTA N YI PAYA GYAUNG MAGYIDAN DANIPAT EINYAGYI KUNTHICHAUNGWA KYONPA TA M AN NEYAUNGGON KYONTHUT-MYAUK APYAUNG SITKON KOTAIKKYI-ASU PAUK PA NBY UZU MYINGAGON -
United Nations Office for the Coordination Of
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS Myanmar Cyclone Nargis Pathein Hub Update No. 2 12 December 2008 (Reporting period 26 November - 10 December 2008) OVERVIEW & KEY DEVELOPMENTS • Organizations that are active in Middle Island for Nargis cyclone emergency relief and early recovery activities include, Pyi Gyi Khin, MRCS, Garuna (Pathein), Myint Myat Ahlin, Yadana Myitta, Mingalar Myanmar, Myitta Development Foundation, TLMI, Malteser, Save the Children (SC), UNDP, IRC and MBCA (Myanmar Business Coalition on AIDS). • According the health cluster, coordination and cooperation among the Department of Health and INGOs have contributed to the prevention of outbreaks of some diseases such as water born diseases like diarrhoea. Disease surveillance continues to be important. • World Vision has suspended its WASH programme in Hainggyikyun at the end of November to undertake assessment with plan to resume activities in early 2009. World Vision will end its food aid programme in April 2009. • OCHA Pathein team visited Dee Du Kone on 28 November to participate in an informal livelihoods meeting, which was attended by MRCS, Save the Children, TLMI, Pyigyikhin, and Garuna. On 6 December, OCHA Pathein visited Hainggyikyun to facilitate addressing the overlap between MRCS and World Vision concerning the plan in which the latrine construction activity will be overlapped in Kanchaing village tract. • The inter-agency field coordination training in Pathein was held on 5 December. The members of 12 agencies participated, including UNDP, UNICEF, MRCS, The Leprosy Mission International TLMI, OCHA, World Vision, Save the Children, and local NGOs, Phi Gyi Khin, Garuna (Pathein), Myitta Development Foundation, Myitta Yeik, and Myint Myat Ahlin. -
B O G a L E Mawlamyinegyun Wakema Labutta M Y a U N G M Y a N
94°20’0"E 94°30’0"E 94°40’0"E 94°50’0"E 95°0’0"E 95°10’0"E CHAUNGAUK KYETTHUNGYAUNG DAYIN-GAUK PEINNEGYAUNG YEGYAN KONGALE TUMYAUNG ONBINZEIKPONSOGYI BYAINGDAUNG YWATHIT NYAUNGLAN UDOCHAUNG MEZALI-UDO YEGYAWGYI KYAUKKWE KYAGWIN HM ANGU KWINBAT KYAUKPON POBYE KANGYAUNG THONGWA KYAWNU-UDO HGETKYIDAN SHWEKA YWATHITGALE NGAYOKTHI THAYETKON LABUTPYE SHWEZAN THEGYAUNG SEIKKYI YWATHITGALE KYAUKPYAGALE PAWDAW MU YWATHIT MEZALI MANKALA THAYETCHAUNG LEGWA TIKOGAING KYAUKKWE BEBAUK KYONLATA KYUNTHIT WakemaNYAUNGGYAUNG KANGON LE-EINDAN KALAMATAUNG TA U KS H A PACHAUNG KYEINNI SABYUZU SHANZU THALIGAGON HM ANGU SABYUZU TALAPHIKYUN HTANNYETCHAUNG ALEGYAUNG AUNGHLAING 16°20’0"N KINMONZEIK NONKYUN-AUKSU 16°20’0"N MAUNG-BI KYEINGONGYI THAYEGYAUNG BUDINGYAUNG ZAYATCHAUNGBYA PEIKTA DUNWAING PEINGYAUNG YAKAINGGON THINGANBYU YAMALNW KYONLATA-AWA MYINDALIN LEIKABO KYIGYAUNG POLAUNG KOKKO KANGYAUNG KUNGWIN THAINGGYAUNG MyaungmyaLEBYAUK KYONLAMU MYATTHA-UDO POYANGON KANAZOGYAUNG NYAUNGBINTHA KWINGYAUNG MINGON MYITKYO SETKON NGADA NTAY TEBIN MOGAUNG MAYANGON EINMAGON KYUDAW THAUNGBON KYONLATA BYAUNGBYAN PO-SHWE HLAW MEZALI THEGYAUNG MYAHPUGYAUNG PYINMAGYAUNG-WA KHAYEGON KYAGAN KYAGAN PYAKEIK SE-EINZU KYAGYAUNG NGAYANGAUNGDO KYUNGALE MWEHAUK THEGON SAMALAUK CHAUNGBYA MABE POTILUT CHAUNGBYA KATHABAUNG AWABEIK CHAUNGGWEGYI AUNGHLAING NAT-HMU KYUTKON CHAUNGGWE KYAUKGYI ALEYWA THINDAWGYI PEIKTAGYI SHAUKCHAUNG YWATHIT MAYANGON KYAUKPYAKWIN BAWINSU KYAUKPYA LEIKPOK KYUNGYAUNG THAHTEGON THAMA AH-KA YWATHIT YEGYOGON HLAINGBON SANGYIGON THAYETPINGWIN KABALU NY EINU DIPAYON -
Cyclone Nargis
Emergency appeal n° MDRMM002 Myanmar: GLIDE n° TC-2008-000057-MMR Operations update n° 6 12 May 2008 Cyclone Nargis Desperate conditions: this family seeks a modicum of shelter in awful conditions nine days after they lost their home. (International Federation). Period covered by this Update: first six days since appeal was launched Appeal target (current): CHF 6,290,909 (USD 5.9 million or EUR 3.86 million); <click here to view the attached Emergency Appeal Budget> Appeal coverage: This appeal is already well covered. Initial planning is underway in-country as the International Federation’s ability to scale up effectively increases to support Myanmar Red Cross Society and to meet the huge needs. A revised appeal will be issued by the end of the week. This appeal will significantly scale up the plan of action and give a stronger indication of work within priority areas but there is still a considerable need to remain flexible in the face of the challenges around this operation. 2 <click here to link to the current donor response list> <click here to link to contact details > Appeal history: • This preliminary emergency appeal was launched on 6 May 2008 for CHF 6,290,909 (USD 5.9 million or EUR 3.86 million) for six months to assist 30,000 families. • Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF): CHF 200,000 has been allocated from the Federation’s DREF. Summary: A significant shift in strategic thinking has occurred to try to navigate some of the main issues facing this operation. Principal among these is a proposal to recruit and train local people in Yangon in basic relief management who would then move to ten agreed hubs in the delta (various university students have already expressed an interest). -
The Provision of Public Goods and Services in Urban Areas in Myanmar: Planning and Budgeting by Development Affairs Organizations and Departments
The Provision of Public Goods and Services in Urban Areas in Myanmar: Planning and Budgeting by Development Affairs Organizations and Departments Michael Winter and Mya Nandar Thin December 2016 Acknowledgements The authors thank the many Development Affairs Organization (DAO) officials in Shan, Mon and Kayin States and in Ayeyarwady and Tanintharyi Regions who discussed their work and generously provided access to DAO documentation. The authors would also like to thank members of Township Development Affairs Committees (TDACs) who contributed to the production of this report. In addition, the authors thank the staff of The Asia Foundation and Renaissance Institute for providing invaluable logistical and administrative support. About the Authors Michael Winter, the lead author of the report, over the last twenty years, has worked as a consultant on local government and local development issues in Asia and Africa. His main clients have included UNCDF, UNDP, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, SDC, and the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). Mya Nandar Thin is a Program Associate at Renaissance Institute and provides support in the planning and implementation of research and advocacy activities lead by the Public Financial Management Reform team. About The Asia Foundation and Renaissance Institute The Asia Foundation is a nonprofit international development organization committed to improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia. Informed by six decades of experience and deep local expertise, our programs address critical issues affecting Asia in the 21st century—governance and law, economic development, women’s empowerment, environment, and regional cooperation. In addition, our Books for Asia and professional exchanges are among the ways we encourage Asia’s continued development as a peaceful, just, and thriving region of the world.