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Narrativa Ambiental Em Videojogos Um Estudo Sobre Tacoma E Dishonored 2 Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 Beatriz Faria Cesaroni Henriques Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Design e Desenvolvimento de Jogos Digitais (2º ciclo de estudos ou mestrado integrado) Orientador: Prof. Doutor Francisco Alexandre Lopes Figueiredo Merino junho de 2020 Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 ii Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 Agradecimentos Ao professor Doutor Francisco Merino, à sua disponibilidade, paciência, e por sempre acreditar no projeto apesar de todas as minhas inseguranças. Aos meus pais, que me deram todas as condições necessárias para poder desenvolver este estudo. E por último ao Doutor João Balrôa, por todo o apoio. iii Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 iv Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 Resumo Todos os videojogos são constituídos por uma componente visual, textual e mecânica, que funcionam em conjunto para produzir uma experiência audiovisual interativa única. A questão de como misturar estas três vertentes é um tópico bastante vago e abrangente, com múltiplas teorias e métodos práticos sobre como tirar o maior proveito da interatividade do meio. Um destes conceitos é a narrativa ambiental, um nome dado à técnica de utilizar o espaço do jogo para representar a narrativa. Com esta dissertação pretende-se investigar o propósito da narrativa ambiental num videojogo, os seus méritos, e o modo como esta pode ser utilizada para tirar maior proveito do enredo e do ambiente de um jogo. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de categorização para identificar os seus variados usos, que foi depois aplicado a um corpus de estudo constituído por Tacoma (Fullbright, 2017) e Dishonored 2 (Arkane Studios, 2016). Palavras-Chave Narrativa; Cenário; Ambiente 3D; Narrativa Ambiental v Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 vi Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 Abstract All videogames are shaped by a visual, textual and mechanical component, which work together to create an unique interactive audio-visual experience. The question of how to intermingle these three components is a very broad and vague topic, with multiple theories and practical methods on how to best utilize the interactivity of the medium. One of these concepts is environmental storytelling, a name given to the technique of utilizing the environment of a game to represent the narrative. This dissertation intends to investigate the purpose of environmental storytelling in a videogame, its merits, and how it can be utilized to make the most out of a game’s plot and environment. A categorization model was developed to identify its varied uses, later applied to a corpus comprised of Tacoma (Fullbright, 2017) and Dishonored 2 (Arkane Studios, 2016). Keywords Narrative; Scenery; 3D Environment; Environmental Storytelling vii Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 viii Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 Índice Página Agradecimentos .............................................................................................. iii Resumo ........................................................................................................... v Abstract .......................................................................................................... vii Índice .............................................................................................................. ix Lista de figuras ................................................................................................ xi 1 – Introdução ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 – Relevância do estudo ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2 – Objetivos ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 – Esqueleto da dissertação ................................................................................................ 3 2 – História e Ludos ................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 – Narratologia .................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 – Narrativa Interativa ........................................................................................................ 8 2.3 – Ludologia ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.4 – “O Debate que nunca aconteceu” ................................................................................... 18 3– Narrativa Ambiental .......................................................................................................... 23 3.1 – Pioneiros ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 – Aplicações Contemporâneas .......................................................................................... 31 4 – Micronarrativas ............................................................................................. 41 5 – Objeto de Estudo e Metodologia ..................................................................... 45 5.1 – Tacoma ........................................................................................................................... 47 5.1.1 - Resumo do enredo ................................................................................................. 48 5.1.2 - Contexto temático ................................................................................................. 51 5.1.3 - Gameplay .............................................................................................................. 53 5.1.4 - Receção e Palmarés ............................................................................................... 54 5.1.5 - Investigação ........................................................................................................... 54 5.2 – Dishonored 2 ............................................................................................................. 55 5.2.1 - Resumo do enredo ................................................................................................ 56 5.2.2 - Contexto temático ................................................................................................. 57 5.2.3 - Gameplay ............................................................................................................. 58 5.2.4 - Receção e Palmarés .............................................................................................. 60 5.2.5 - Investigação .......................................................................................................... 61 5.3 – Categorias da Análise ................................................................................................ 61 5.3.1 - O que categoriza cada tópico ................................................................................ 62 5.3.2 - Anatomia da Análise ............................................................................................. 62 ix Narrativa Ambiental em Videojogos: Um Estudo sobre Tacoma e Dishonored 2 6 – Análise do Corpus ........................................................................................... 65 6.1 – Tacoma ........................................................................................................................... 65 6.1.1 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Worldbuilding .................................... 65 6.1.2 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Enredo Principal do Jogo .................... 78 6.1.3 - Narrativa Ambiental como Chamada para a Ação .................................................. 84 6.1.4 - Considerações Finais ............................................................................................... 86 6.2 – Dishonored 2 ................................................................................................................. 87 6.2.1 - Clockwork Mansion ................................................................................................. 87 6.2.1.1 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Worldbuilding .......................... 89 6.2.1.2 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Enredo Principal do Jogo ......... 92 6.2.1.3 - Narrativa Ambiental como Chamada para a Ação ....................................... 94 6.2.2 – A Crack in the Slab ................................................................................................. 99 6.2.2.1 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Worldbuilding .......................... 100 6.2.2.2 - Narrativa Ambiental que contribui para o Enredo Principal do Jogo ........ 104 6.2.2.3 - Narrativa Ambiental como Chamada para a Ação ...................................... 112 6.2.3 – Considerações Finais .............................................................................................. 114 7 – Conclusão ....................................................................................................... 117 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................................
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