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The Role of Local and Regional Museums in the Building of a People’S Europe

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The Role of Local and Regional Museums in the Building of a People’S Europe The Role of Local and Regional Museums in the building of a People’s Europe Musei e comunità in Europa: passato, presente e futuro The Role of Local and Regional Museums in the building of a People’s Europe Musei e comunità in Europa: passato, presente e futuro European Conference 2017 Bologna (Italia), Chiesa di San Mattia 13-14 novembre 2017 Atti A cura di Giuliana Ericani ICOM Europe ICOM Europe ringrazia: President: Luis Raposo l’Istituto Beni Culturali della Regione Emilia-Romagna (IBC) per il Board: supporto organizzativo, per il progetto grafico e la stampa degli Jacques Terriére (France), Treasurer atti Karen Brown (Ireland) Katerina Chuyeva (Ukraine) il Polo Museale dell’Emilia Romagna Giuliana Ericani (Italy) per la concessione degli spazi dell’(ex) Chiesa di San Mattia Teti Hadijnicoalau (Greece) Monika Hagedorn-Saupe (Germany) Laura Mueller, Undergraduate Research Assistant to MGCI, Dorit Wolenitz (Israel) University of St Andrews per l’editing dei testi inglesi Nina Zdravic Polic (Slovenia) network.icom.museum/europe gli sponsor Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna 1473 Associazione tra Fondazioni di origine bancaria dell’Emilia Romagna The Role of Local and Regional Museums in the building Fondazione Monteparma of a People’s Europe Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Bologna Musei e comunità in Europa: passato, presente e futuro Società di Santa Cecilia, Amici della Pinacoteca di Bologna Bologna (Italia), Chiesa di San Mattia 13-14 novembre 2017 Comitato scientifico Giuliana Ericani Valentina Galloni Elena Rossoni Margherita Sani Mario Scalini Traduzione simultanea MPF - The Interpreters - Maria Pia Falcone Sas Atti a cura di Giuliana Ericani Polo Museale Emilia Romagna Progetto grafico e impaginazione Maria Elena Tosi ISBN: 978-88-9728-185-6 Editore Istituto per i beni artistici, culturali e naturali della Regione Emilia-Romagna Con il supporto di ibc.regione.emilia-romagna.it Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali Stampato presso Centro Stampa Regione Emilia-Romagna Direzione Generale Educazione e Ricerca 4 5 Sommario INTRODUZIONI 11 Alberto Garlandini 13 Peter Keller 15 Luis Raposo 19 Tiziana Maffei 21 Francesco Scoppola 23 Mario Scalini 27 Roberto Balzani 31 Anna Maria Visser 33 Roberto Delsignore 35 UN OMAGGIO A ANDREA EMILIANI 37 Giuliana Ericani IL MUSEO ALLA SUA TERZA ETÀ* 39 Andrea Emiliani SEZIONE I 55 LOCALE E NAZIONALE NEL DIBATTITO CONTEMPORANEO «L’ITALA GENTE DALLE MOLTE VITE» 57 piccoli paesi e musei Pietro Clemente NAZIONALE VS LOCALE E LOCALE VS GLOBALE 75 Daniele Jalla LOCAL AND NATIONAL MUSEUMS IN FRANCE 81 a tale of collaboration and competition Dominique Poulot IL SISTEMA MUSEALE NAZIONALE 85 Antonio Lampis SEZIONE II 91 I MUSEI LOCALI IN ITALIA E IN EUROPA ITALIAN CIVIC MUSEUMS 93 quantitative trends and evolution of mission and roles Fabrizio Maria Arosio, Giuliana Ericani 6 7 LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS IN ENGLAND 115 I AM A NATIVE FOREIGNER 245 Iain Watson Maria Vlachou THE EVOLUTION OF GREEK REGIONAL AND LOCAL MUSEUMS 131 USING THE PRINCIPLE OF MULTI-PERSPECTIVITY 255 mapping the landscape from the creation of combining local, national, and european dimensions the modern greek state to the present in history museums Maria-Xeni Garezou Susanne Popp, Jutta Schumann LOCAL MUSEUMS IN ISRAEL 151 THINKING TRANSNATIONAL 265 an anchor to the community for building the house of european history identity and preserving cultural heritage Taja Vovk van Gaal Dorit Wolenitz BIOGRAPHIES 273 SEZIONE III 161 DAI MUSEI LOCALI AI MUSEI DI COMUNITÀ Fabrizio Maria Arosio 275 Pietro Clemente 276 DEMOCRACY, COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND Giuliana Ericani 276 LOCAL MUSEUMS IN PORTUGAL 163 Hugues De Varine 276 Luís Raposo Daniele Jalla 277 REGIONAL MUSEUMS IN THE CHALLENGING PRESENT 175 Tiziana Maffei 277 Irena Žmuc Susanne Popp and Jutta Schumann 278 Dominique Poulot 278 LE RAGIONI DEI MUSEI DI COMUNITÀ 185 Luís Raposo 278 Claudio Rosati Claudio Rosati 279 Margherita Sani 279 ESPORSI 195 i musei di comunità fra processi partecipativi Mario Scalini 279 e politiche del patrimonio Erminia Sciacchitano 280 Mario Turci Sofia Tsilidou 280 Mario Turci 281 SEZIONE IV 205 Maria Vlachou 281 L’EUROPA E I MUSEI LOCALI E DI COMUNITÀ Taja Vovk Van Gaal 282 LA COMUNITÀ EUROPEA PER I MUSEI Iain Watson 282 INTRODUCTION 207 Dorit Wolenitz 282 Erminia Sciacchitano Maria-Xeni Garezou 283 DE NOUVEAUX MUSEES POUR L’EUROPE DE DEMAIN? 213 Nina Zdravič Polič 283 Conservation des collections ou gestion du patrimoine vivant? Irena Žmuc 284 Conservateur du bien commun ou facilitateur communautaire? Hugues de Varine BUILDING BRIDGES BETWEEN THE LOCAL AND THE GLOBAL 231 the role of nemo Sofia Tsilidou THE MUSEUMS OF THE EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION AND EUROPE 241 The role of IBC - Istituto per i Beni Artistici, Culturali e Naturali della Regione Emilia-Romagna Margherita Sani 8 9 INTRODUZIONI 10 11 Dear friends and colleagues, Peter Keller and I are honored and grateful to be invited to represent ICOM at this important European seminar. The presence here of both ICOM’s Vice President and Director General is an evidence of how ICOM Europe’s initiatives are important for ICOM. Peter and I are delighted to see how lively ICOM Europe and ICOM Italy are. Peter will talk after me in English and therefore I continue my speech in Italian. Il tema che oggi discutete è di grande interesse per ICOM e per me che sono stato per alcuni anni membro del Direttivo di ICR il Comitato Internazionale per i Musei Regionali che di musei locali si è tanto occupato. Ascolterò con grande piacere il vostro dibattito purtroppo non totalmente in quanto sono in partenza per Madrid dove porterò il contributo di ICOM alla conferenza internazionale dedicata ai 150 della professione museale in Spagna. In questo mio saluto iniziale vorrei evidenziare la sempre maggiore attenzione che le comunità e le autorità nazionali e internazionali dedicano ai musei e al patrimonio culturale. Lo scenario internazionale presenta aspetti contraddittori, da una parte in troppe parti del mondo la diversità non è rispettata e i musei e il patrimonio culturale non sono più solo vittime collaterali dei conflitti ma sono diventati un obiettivo deliberato e vengono colpiti in atti mirati di guerra. Ma al contempo negli ultimi anni è cresciuta la consapevolezza internazionale dell’importanza dei musei del patrimonio culturale e della diversità nel creare benessere e sviluppo. Il 2017 è stato un anno importante. Sulla base di una proposta di Francia e Italia, il 24 marzo 2017 il Security Council delle Nazioni Unite ha adottato la prima risoluzione dedicata alla protezione del patrimonio culturale. 12 13 INTRODUCTION / Garlandini INTRODUCTION / Garlandini Questa risoluzione storica condanna la distruzione del patrimonio role as well as their primary functions: preservation, research, culturale, gli scavi illegali, il saccheggio e il contrabbando di beni communication and education. They consider ICOM’s Code of Ethics culturali. E stabilisce che questi atti sono crimini di guerra i cui for Museums, its definition of museum and its standards to be the responsabili devono essere perseguiti. Il recente processo Al-Mahdi most widely shared international reference. di fronte alla Corte Internazionale di Giustizia dell’Aia è il primo One of the ICOM’s major tasks is ensuring that the principles caso focalizzato esclusivamente sulla distruzione di beni culturali in of the Code of Ethics guide museum practice in every part of quanto crimine di guerra. Al-Mahdi è processato per avere distrutto the world. As the only global museum network, ICOM has new intenzionalmente monumenti di valore culturale, religioso e storico, responsibilities. ICOM should campaign for broader ratification and e cioè i mausolei di Timbuktu. Inoltre, la Risoluzione afferma per better implementation of international conventions in favour of la prima volta che le missioni di peacekeeping delle Nazioni Unite museums and heritage. ICOM should campaign in order to convince hanno anche il mandato di proteggere il patrimonio culturale. governments to pass from word to action, and put into practice Un secondo esempio dell’interesse crescente al partimonio culturale what they have decided on at international summits. ICOM should e ai musei è stato il G7 della Cultura che si è tenuto a Firenze il 30 campaign so that the ICOM Code be enshrined in more national e 31 marzo 2017. Sotto la presidenza italiana, per la prima volta i laws, as it has happened in Italy with the Reform of State Museums Ministri della cultura di Canada, Francia, Germania, Italia, Giappone, and of the National Museum System. Regno Unito e Stati Uniti , insieme al Commissario Europeo per la ICOM is looking forward to the debate and results of such an Cultura e al Direttore Generale dell’UNESCO, si sono riuniti per interesting seminar on local museums. discutere come rafforzare le misure di salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale. ICOM è stata la sola Organizzazione Non Governativa Thanks for your attention. invitata all’Incontro. Gli esperti e ministri del G7 hanno evidenziato il ruolo importante dei musei nella protezione del patrimonio e il Codice etico e gli standard di ICOM sono stati apprezzati come Alberto Garlandini efficaci strumenti per dare attuazione a convenzioni e risoluzioni Vice President of ICOM internazionali. E quest’anno è anche stato lanciato l’Anno Europeo del Patrimonio Culturale. Sia le comunità sia le autorità pubbliche chiedono ai musei di aumentare le loro attività sociali. Impegni sempre più gravosi ricadono sulle spalle dei professionisti museali e su ICOM. I musei sono diventati luoghi di riconciliazione e di partecipazione quanto sono luoghi di conservazione, esposizione ed educazione. I musei sono diventati hub di comunicazione e affrontano i temi cruciali del nostro tempo, come l’ambiente, i diritti umani, la diversità, le migrazioni, il recupero urbano. I will conclude pointing out that UNESCO’s Recommendation on Museums and the Declaration of Shenzen of UNESCO’s High Level Forum on Museums are the remarkable results of the close cooperation between ICOM and UNESCO.
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