[E THE voLUME8(1995) PAilG0Utl A BULLETINON VERTEBRATESOF SINGAPOREAND THE SURROUNDING AREA

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Horsfield's Fllng Squirrel (lorzys horsfteldi) atthe end ofa glide. from "Malayan Squirrels (including Tree-shrewsatd the Flying- Lemur)",Harrison.

Publishedby NatureSociety () 510Geylang Road The Sunflower#02-05 Singapore387382 lssuedon 1 December2000 MITA(P)NO. 255t Ogt 2000 ThePangolin is a publicationof the Nature Society(Singapore) which disseminates current information on the status,distribution and naturalhistory of mammals,reptiles, - amphibiansand fishes. The geographicalarea covered is primarily Singapore,but also includesPeninsular and East Malaysia, as well as other SoutheastAsian countries.

The following referenoeswere consultedfor systematicorder andnomenclature:

Mammals Corbet, G. B. & J.E. Ilill, 1992. Themammals of the IndomalayanRegion: a systematic review. Natural History MuseumPublications, Lond,, 488 pp. Medway, Lord, 1993. The lttild Manmals of Malaya (PeninsularMalrysia) and Singapore. 2* ed. reprintedwith corrections. Oxford University Press,xxiii + 131pp. Payne, J. Francis, C.M. & K. Phillipps, 1985. Field Guide to the Mammalsof Borneo. The SabahSociety with World Wildlife Fund Malaysia,332 pp. Wilson, D.E. & D. M. Reeder, 1993. Mammalspecies of the world. A taxonomicand geographicreference, 2* ed, SmitbsonianInstitution Press,Wash. xviii + 1206pp. Yang, C.M., Yong,I( & I(I(.P. Lim, 1990. WiIdmammals of Singapore,In:Chou, L.M. & P.K.L. Ng (eds.),Essays in Zoolory, Paperscommemorating the 40* Amiversary of the Deparonentof Zoolory, National University of Singapore,p. 1-23.

Reptiles& Amphibians Berry, P.Y,, 1975. TheAmphibian Fauna of PeninsularMalaysia. Tropical Press,Kuala Lumpur,x+ 130pp. Cox, lWJ. et aL,1998. A PhotographicGuide to Snakesand other ReptilesofPeninsular Malaysia, Singaporeand Thailand. New Holland Publishers(,IK) Ltd, 144pp. Denzer, W. & U. Manthey, 1991.A nominal checklistof the lizards inhabiting Peniwular Malaysia and Singapore.Raffles Bulletin of Zoolory. 39;309-322. Ernst. C.I[ & RW. Barbour , 1989, Turtlesof the World. SmithsonianInstitution Press, U.S.A..313pp. Inger, R.F. & RB. Stuebing,1997 . A feld guide to thefrogs of Borneo.Natural History Publications(Bomeo) Sdn,Bhd, Kota Kinabalu.205 pp. Lim, K.K.P. & L.1\4 Chou, 1990. Theherpetofauna of Singapore. Ir: Chou,L.M. & P.K.L. Ng (Eds.), Essaysin Zoolory, Papelscommemorating the 40e Anniversaryof the Departreentof Zoology, National University of Singapore,p. 49-59. Stuebing, RB. & RF. Inger, 1999.A Field Guideto the Snakesof Boneo. Nahral History Publications(Bomeo) Sdn,Bhd, Kota Kinabalu. 254 pp.. Tan, F.L. 1993.Checklist of lizards of Sabah.Sabah Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu 29 pp. Tweedie, lt{.WF ., 1983. TheSnakes of Malaya, 3'" ed. GovemmentPrinting House,Singapore, 167pp.

FreshwaterFishes Kottelat, M. 1989. Zoogeograplryof thefuhes from Indochineseinland waters with an annotatedchecHisr, Bulletin ZoologischMuseum, Universiteit van Amsterdam,12(1):54 pp. Kottelat, M. & A.J. Whitten, 1993, FreslrwaterFishes of lllesternIndonesia. Peiplus Editions(HK) Ltd., lvii + 293pp. + 84 pl.

The Pangolin,Volume 8(1995). Issued on lst September2001.39pp- - TheNatue Society(Singapore). Typesetby RobertTeo. Fditor: RobertTeo - Blk 210, St 21,#12-322, Singapore 510210. Tel: 5856406/96367704.Subscription: The Pangolin,c,/o Timothy Pwee,75, Jalancreja, Singapore488938. Tel:97918300. ffidq$W THE PANGOLIN Volume8 (1995)Numbers 1-4 20 December2000

Records Late Records(1993-1994) Singapore Mammals 1-2 Herpetofauna z-) Fishes 6-7 PeninsularMalaysia Mammals 8 Herpetofauna 8

Mammals hdonesia:Sumatra.Riau. PulauBintan Mammals 8-9 Herpetofauna 9 Recordsfor 1995 Singapore Mammals t0-12 Herpetofauna L)-ZV Fishes zu-zz PeninsularMalaysia Mammals 23-26 Herpetofauna 26-28 Fishes 28

Mammals 28-29 Herpetofauna ...... 29 Indonesia:Sumatra, Riau, PulauBintan Mammals 29-30 Herpetofauna ...... 30 NewSoutheast Asian Vertebrates Described '. '..... 31 A Surveyof theVertebrate Fauna of PulauUbin, Singapore ...... 31-36 Articles Ick & Ack 3't-39 THE PANGOLIN MacRitchie North on 12.8.1994 Q_ee King Li); 2 at SimeForest on 10.7.1994; 4 at Thomson Volume8 (1995)Numbers l-4 Ridge from 8-9.10.1994; male 20 December2000 at ChestnutForest on 10.12.1994 (SubarajRaja+htxai et al\ juvenile picked up by visitor at BTNR RECORDS on 1.8.1994& later released;1 at lower Path,BTNR on 5.10.1994;2 at SeletarNorth peninsula Abbreviations: BTNR - Nahre on 14.17.1994(Subaraj Raj athurai). Reserve; CCIIR - Centrat Catcbment Nahrc Reserve;NSSF - Nee SoonS\ramp Forest; SBG - SingaporeBotanic Garders; SBltp - SungeiBr.rloh Large Flying Fox Nature Park; SICC @ukit) - SingaporeIsland Pteropusvampyrus Country Club @ukit Location); SICC (Istand) - I at overflow drain at Sime Forest.near SingaporeIsland County Club (sland Location); Upper Peirce Reservoir on 8.7.1994 SZ,G - Singapore Zoological Gardens;ZR.C - (Shirley Pottie); I feeding on parkia Zoological Reference Collection of the speciosatree at Sime Forestpipeline Deparbxent of Zoology, National Univercity of on Singapore. 9.7.1994 (Chew Ping Ting, Shirley Pottie); I over MacRitchie North on 14.8.1994(re King Li). LATE RECORDS(1993-1994) CommonFruit Bat compiledby Cytop te r us br aclty o t i s RajathuraiSubaraj, Kelvin Lim & RobertTeo At SB}{P: 1 mist-nettedon 6.11.1994;I mist-nettedon 18.11.1994- forearm SINGAPORE length:67 rnm (WangLuan Keng). Mammals Trefoil IlorseshoeBat Rhi no I o p hustr tfuI i attu BandedLeaf Monkey Male capturedat day roost in Presbytis MacRitchie femoralis North on 14.8.1994(Yeo SuayHwee) - 8 feedingbetween 1245 & 1315 hrs on probablythe secondrecord of this forest 9.2.1994 (Yeo Suay Hwee) & 8 on bat in Singapore. 2I.5.1994 ffeo Suay Hwee, Tan Mei Ling) atNSSF. Blyth's HorseshoeBat Rhi noI op hw Iep i dus (formerlyr efuI g e ns) Malayan Colugo I detected at MacRitchie North on Cynoc ep h al us var i egatus 10.8.1994, 6 at lnmie Forest on Femalewith infant in coils of Reticulated 10.9.1994& 1 at ThomsonRidge on Python on 24.12.1993at Kruing path, 4.10.1994(Shirley Pottie); 5 at Sime BTNR - infant rescued& kept for over 1 Foreston 13.8.1994; adult femalemist- month before dyng; 2 chasingeach other netted at Range Forest on at Visitor Centre,BTNR on 17.5.1994 12.11.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et al); at (RobertTeo); I at forest between Mandai BINR, near Hut: over 300 Lake Road & in March 94 flying across Main Road at dusk on (Shirley Pottie); femalewith infant along 8.9.1994& 1 female hand-nettedon South View Path, BTNR on 6.5.1994 13.9.1994(Robert Teo); 18 mist-netted (Teo Chan Seng, Joseph Lai); I near on 11.10.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai eraf. summit,BTNR at 1915hrs on 8.5.1994 (Yeo Suay Hwee, Tan Mei Ling); 1 at GreaterBamboo Bat Herpetofauna TyI o nyc ter is r obustula At SBG: I constrictedto death by a SunbeamSnake ParadiseTree Snaken Ig92 & 3 roostins Xenopeltisunicolor in separate bamboo intemodes oo Roadkillat King Albertpark on 7.5.1994 17.11.1993 @oberr Teo); 2 at Lomie (Yeo SuayHwee). Foreston 9.9.1994(Shirley Pottie). Red-tailedRacer SundaPangolin Gonyosomaoxycephala Manisjavanica I of about 1.2 m, with a swollenbellv. I m female pholographed on tree along coiled up in tree at Sime Forest on Golf Course Link, MacRitchie on 19.8. 1 994 (SubarajRajathurai). 2.10.i994(Subaraj Rajathurai er af. KeeledRat Snake Masked Palm Civet Ptyascarinafiu Pagumalarvata 2 m exampleseen shuggling with 1 m I at 2215 hrs on 13.8.1994at Kalans- StripedBronzeback & finally eating it at Circus,Sime Forest(Andrew Tay). MacRitchieNorth on 8.5.1994Cyeo Suav Hwee,Tan Mei Ling).

CommonWolf Snake Ophitesauliew 1 at SICC @ukit) golf course on 10.9.1994 (Shirley Pottie, Subarai MaskedPatrr Civet Rajathurai). from "Ihe Book oflndian Animals", prater StripedKukri Snake Oligodonoctolineatus Three-striped Palm Civet 40 cm roadkill at Bt Kalang serviceroad Ar cto ga I i dia tr ivir gat a on 13.8.1994 (Andrew Tay); l at Juvenilecaptured at fiinge of SBG Jturgle ThomsonRidge on 8.10.1994(Ire King on 20.2.1992@obert Teo) - it was reared Li). for over 2 months & then donated to SZG. BarredKukri Snake OligodonsignaW LesserMousedeer I forurd dead at MacRitchie North on Tragtlusjavanicus 14.9.1994 @edamin Lee). 1 at pipeline in NSSF at 1440 hrs on 9.2.1994(eo SuayHwee). VariableReed Snake Cal amar ia lumbricoidea Sambar I found dead at BTNR on 17.12.1993 Cervusunicolor , @obertTeo). A roadkill at West Bridge, 1 beforedawn on l2.ll.lgg4 at Mandai Sime Forest on 9.7.1994 (Subaraj Track 15 Forest(Lee King Li); hacks of Rajathuraiet al); 1 with specklesinstead andther along reservoir edge at of blackbands on undersideat Mandaion Norttr Peninsula on 15.9.1994(Subarai 14.2.1994 - identification is tentative Rajathurai). @rancisLim). Pink-headedReed Snake OrientalWhip Snake Calamariaschlegeli Ahaetullaprasina 3 roadkills between20 to 36 cm along I at MacRitchieNorth on 13.8.1994CYeo Old Road near Upper Suay Hwee); 115 cm exarnpleat SICC Peirce Park gate on 4.9.1994(Subaraj (Island)'svisitor carparkon 9.10.1994 Rajathurai);1 small examplecollected at (SubarajRajathurai er af; 60 cm example Mandai on 21.2.1994- rmdersidewhite, at Jungle Fall Valley, BTNR on banded with black - identification is 25.12.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai). tentative(Francis Lim). Dog-toothedCat Snake Dwarf ReedSnake Boigacynodon Pseudorabdionlongiceps 1 at Sime Forest pipeline on 8.7.1994 1 deadspecimen on 23.9.1994& 2 dead (-eel{ngLi et at). ones on 2.10.1994at Bt Kalang service road (Subaraj Rajathurai et al); I at Yellow-ringed Cat Snake Thomson Ridge on 9.10.1994(Subaraj Boiga dendrophila Rajathuraief al). I photographedat Lower Peirce on I 0.4.1993 (Tay Eng Pin). PaintedBronzeback Dendrelaphispictus Dog-facedWater Snake 1 about50 cm on 6.8.1994& 1 about45 Cerberusrynchops cm on 20.10.1994at Visitor Centrepond, 40 cm examplein SgBuloh Besar, SBNP SBNP; 1 m exampleat Bt Kalang service on 6.8.1994;2at PasirRis Mangroveson roadon 31.10.1994(Subamj Rajathurai). 24.8.1994;1dead at SBNPcn 17.12.1994 (SubarajRajathumi). ElegantBronzeback Dendrelaphisformosus Puff-facedWater Snake 110 cm example at Upper Peirce Park Homalopsisbuccata service road on 31.7.1994& 119 cm OffMandait^ake Road Track15: adult in example formd asleep at MacRitchie Upper SeletarReservoir on ll.l|.l994 & North on 12.8.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et juvenile capnued along pipeline on al); I at Mandai Lake Road,Track 15 on 12.I I . I 994 (SubarajRajathurai). 2.10.1994(Yeo Suay Hwee). King Cobra Striped Bronzeback Ophiophagushannah Dendrelaphiscaudolineahn Juvenile of about 60 cm along Bukit 1.43 m example caught at SBG on Kalang ServiceRoad at Sime Forest on 3.11.1993& releasedat BTNR & I at 22.1.1994(StbarajRajathurai). Sime Foreston 26.11.1993(Robert Teo). See Keeled Rat Snake (above) for a BandedMalayan Coral Snake recordftom SimeRoad Forest. Maticora intestinalis I dead 34 cm example at Bt Kalang ParadiseTree Snake service road on 26.9.1994; 30 cm Chrysopeleaparadisi example at BTNR on 23.12.1994 Roadkill of about 60 cm at Rifle Range (SubarajRajathurai). Roadon 10.7.1994(Chew Ping Ting, Lee KingLi). Wagler'sPit Viper Brown TreeSkink Tropidolaemuswagleri Dasia cf.grisea Juvenile at BTNR on 29.8.1994fyeo A 20 cm examplein a tree at Golf Course Suay Hwee, Tan Mei Ling); juveniie at Linh MacRitchie on 20.7.1994(Subaraj ThomsonRidge on 8.10.1994(Lee King Rajathurai) during the day - the head Li); Over 60 cm exampleat MacRitchie shape,colouration & markings on the North on 6.1I . 1994(Subaraj Rajathurai). upperpartsresemble that of Olive Tree Skink (Dasrcolivacea), but its rmderparts Water Monitor werenot green. This is the first recordof Varamtssalvator the speciesin Singapore. Juvenilewas chased,caught & killed by a domestic cat at Jetty on 17.7 .1994; 2.5 m example at Seletar North Peninsula on 18.7 .1994 (Subaraj Rajathurai).

CloudedMonitor Yaranusnebulosus I in tree at Upper Seletar West on 1.7.1992& 2 at Golf Course Link. MacRitchieon 28.6.1994(Robert Teo); 1 near Mosquito Ring, Sime Forest on 9.7.1994 (Subaraj Rajathurai e/ aI). Bro*,n TreeSkink from "Amphibien & Reptilieh Sildostqsiens", Marthey & Grossmann GreenCrested Lizard Br onchoce I a cristat ell a Large ForestGecko I caught & eatenby a Chestnut-bellied Gekkosmithii Malkohaat NSSFon 9.2.1994fYeo Suav At NSSF: t heard on 29.7.1994(Rae Hwee). Hiscocket aI) & t heardon 29.10.1994 (Yeo SuayHwee). Black-beardedFlying Dragon Draco melanopogon DwarfGecko I photographedat Thomson Ridge on Hemip hyllodoctylus typus 1.5.1993(Tay Eng Pin); 1 at Lower 5 cm specimencollected from cleared Peirce on 8.6.1994@obert Teo); I at Resamarea at Lower PeirceReservoir on Lower Peirce on 3l .7.1994, I at 5.I I . l99l (Rob€rtTeo) & depositedwith MacRitchie North on 12.8.1994, I at ZRC. I at Iomie Track on 10.9.1994 Upper Peirceservice road on 4.9.1994& (ShirleyPottie er af. I at Seletar North Peninsula on 14.11.1994 (Subayaj Rajathurai); I at Marbled Bent-toedGecko Golf Course Link, MacRitchie on Go ny da c ty I us (formetly Cy r to da c tyhu ) 2.10.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et al). quddrivirgahrs I along pipeline at Sime Forest on EarlessAgamid 10.7.1994@enjamin ke, OwYong Sue Aphaniotisfi*ca Ling). I captured at MacRitchie North on 13.8.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et a/). BandedBent-toed Gecko MalayanGiant Frog Go ny d ac ty hu (formeiy Cyr to dac ty hts ) Limnonectesblythi cowobrinus t heard at West Bridge & I heard at I photographedin cave at BTNR on North Bridge, Sime Foreston 5.7.1994 9.8.1994(Tay Eng Pin). (SubarajRajathurai); 10 heardalong Golf Course Link, MacRitchie & Mosquilo Kendall's Rock Gecko Ring, Sime Foreston 8.7.1994@obert Cnemaspiskendalli Teo); a few heardin ravineat SimeForest 1 in cave at BTNR on 25.12.1994 on 13.8.1994(Lee King Li); 5 heardat (SubarajRaj athurai). Mandai Lake Road, Track 15 on 12.11.1994(Subaraj Raj athurai). Black Marsh Terrapin Note: The aboveidentifications are based Siebenr ockiell a crass icollis on call & aretentative only. Common at southempart of MacRitchie Reservoir; also off Mandai Lake Road, MalesianFrog Track 15 on nightsof 11 & 12.11.1994 Limnonectes(formerly Rana ) malesiana (SubarajRajathurai et aI). 1 at TabanValley, BTNR on 10.12.1992, 1 in caveat BTNR on 20.6.1994& L at Malayan Box Terrapin Chestrut Forest on 9.12.1994(Robert Cuora amboinensis Teo). Found regularly at Sime Forest, Commonat soutlem part of MacRitchie MacRitchie Norlh. lomie Forest & Reservoir(Subaraj Rajathurai); I at Kent ThomsonRidge betweenJuly & October RidgePark on 25.11.1994(Alfred Chia et 1994 (Subaraj Rajathurai et al); 3 at aL); one at Mandai l,ake Road, Track 15 NSSFon 29.7.1994(ke King Li). on27.11.1994 (eo SuayHwee). MaskedSwamp Frog Malayan Flat-shelledTerrapin Limnonectes(formerly Rana ) Notochelysplatynota paramacrodon 2 possible examplesalong Golf Course 1 at NSSFon 29.7.1994(Lee King Li). Link, MacRitchieon 19.10.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai). Blue.leggedTree Frog Rhacophorusbi macala t us Asiatic Soft-shelledTurtle I at Lorong Banir stream, NSSF on Amydacartilaginea 30.8.1994(Robert Teo) was caught, I in MacRitchie Reservoir at Lomie photographed& released- the only other Forest@obert Teo) & I possibleexample recordfor Singaporewas also from NSSF under zig-zagbridge at MacRitchie Park in the 1960s. on 9.9.1994(Kieu Kim Senet aI).

Four-ridgedToad Bufo Emdriporcatus 1 at MacRitchieNorth on 8.5.1994(Yeo SuayHwee, Tan Mei Ling). Blue-legged RhinocerosFrog Tree Frog Ranaplicatella fron photo by I photographedat Taban Valley, BTNR Robert Teo on 20.6.1994(Robert Teo). Fishes pikehead togmyRasbora ?"f"#!8,{#'stream, Boraras(previolsly NSSFon Rasbora)maculatus 5.9.1994@obert Teo). At least 4 in streamat Lomie Forest on 10.9..1994 [.:. !*V Hwee);1 in stream MalayanLeaf Fish at Thomson Ridge on 7.10.1994 (eo Nandiu nebulosus SuayHwee). 2 collectedat Catchmentpond. BTNR on 20'6'1992(Andy ching' RobertTeo)' rrarlequin Rasbora Rasboraheteromorpha Over 50 countedat lnrong Banir stream, NSSFon 5.9.1994(Roberr Teo).

Six-bandedBarb Puntiu.shexazona (formerly johorensis ,1 2 collectedat Catchmentpond, BTNR on 20.6.1992(Andy Ching, Robert Teo).

BarbelessChemperas Cyc I o c h e i I i chthys ap o go n I in Lorong Banir stoeam,NSSF on 9.9.1994 fi.obert Teo); 5 in inlet at I\{acRitchieReservoir at Lomie Foreston I 0.9.I994 fYeo SuayHwee).

ForestWalking Catfish Clarias teijsmanni 5 in streamat Sime Foreston 8.7.1994 (Yeo Suay Hwee); 2 in streamat Lomie Foreston 10.9.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai); I on 7.10.1994(Shirley Pottie et at) & 2 on 8.10. 1994 (Adrian Khiat et a['l at ThomsonRidge.

SwampEel Monopterusalbus 30 cm examplein a muddy patch along Rifle Rangepipeline on 9.7.1994Neo Suay Hwee); juvenile in a stream at Lomie Forest on 10.9.1994(Subarai Rajathurai,Robert Teo).

Two-spotGouramy Tric ho gas ter tr ichopterus 6 in rural stream at Lorong Danau on 12.7.1994 (Subaraj Rajathura i). The Nature ReservesSurwey Fish List (July to December1994)

All localitiesin CCNR;recorded by VSG.

SimeForest-Rifle Range Forest sheams, 8-10.7.1994 B MacRitchieNorth streams, 12-14.8.1994 LomieForest, 9-11.9.1994 (s - streams,r - MacRitchieReservoir) D ThomsonRidge shearns,7 -9.10.1994 E MandaiLake Road, Track 15 streams, 11-13.11.1994 F ChestnutForest dmtu\ 9-11.12.1994

Species looalities PygrnyRasbora Boraras maculatus D Two-spotRasbora Rasbora elegarc A,B,E Einthoven'sRasbora Rasbora einthovenii A, B, Cs,D, E Red-tailedRasbora Rasbora borapetensis Cr HarlequinRasbora Rasbora heteromorpha A,B CommonBarb Puntius binotdtus A,B,E SpannerBarb Puntius lateristriga A,B MalayanTiger Barb P untius p artip entazona Cr BarbelessChemperas Cycloche il ichthys apogon Cr CommonWalking Catfish Clarias batrachus E,F ForestWalking Catfish Clarias teijsmanni A, Cs,D PygrnyHalfbeak Dermogenys cf. pusilla A, B, Csr,D ForestHalfbeak Hemir h ampho d on p ogo nogtat hus B Whitespot Aplocheilus panchax B, Csr,D Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrookii Csr SwampEel Monopterus albtts A, CS ForestBetta Betta pugnax A,B,D CommonSnakehead Channa striata B, Cr, D, E, F Toman Channa mieropeltes cr, F MarbledGudgeon Oryeleotris marmorata Cr PondGoby Rhinogobius cf . giurinw Cr Glassfish Parambassissiamensis Cr Tilapia Or eochromis moss am bictts Cr PENINSTJLARMALAYSIA BORNEO

Mammals Mammals

Pig-tailedMacaque ProboscisMonkey Macacanemestrina Nasalislarvatus Male at Panti ForestTrack, Kota Tinggi, Troop of about 5 on riparian trees along Johor on 3.12.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai er KinabatanganRiver between Kampung al). Batu Puteh & Uncle Tan's Camp at Danau Girang, SandakanDistrict, Sabah Hairy-nosed Otter on 10.4.1994(Kelvin Lin et al); ad.ult Lutra sumatrana male sighted at Telok Delima beach, Roadkill photographed near peat Bako Park, Kuching, Sarawak, on swamp-forestat Nenasi, Pahangby A. 1.7.1994@elvin Lim). Sebastian n 1994 (reported to N. Sivasothi). Malay Civet Viverratangalunga Herpetofauna Dead example at Kampung Batu Puteh along Kinabatangan River, Sandakan ElephantTrunk Water Snake District, Sabahon 9.4.1994fKelvin Lim Acrochordusjavaniau et al). Juvenile of 25 cm photographedat night in shallow water on shore of Srmgai BeardedPig Tahannear Lata Berkoh, TamaoNegara, Susbarbatus Pahangin November1994 @iene Brial). Largeexample feeding at rubbishpoint in Uncle Tan's Camp at Danau Girang Dark-headedCat Snake (along KinabatanganRiver), Sandakan Boiga nigriceps District,Sabah on 10.4.1994QGlvin Lim photographed 2 inside limestonecaves of et aD; at least 10 rgularly encormteredat Gua Telinga- Taman Negara,Pahang in headquartersof Bako Park, Kuching, - November 1994 the observer also Sarawakfrom 27.6 to 2.7.1994(Kelvn capturedone of thesesnakes eating a bat Lim et at). on fihn (PieneBrial).

Orange.neckedKeelback INDONESIA:SUryrA-TRA.RIAU. Macr op ist hodon fl n iceps PI]LAU BINTAN 30 cm juvenile photogra.phedwhile crossinga trail near Lata Berkob, Taman Mammals Negara, Pahang in November 1994 (Piene Brial). Long-wingedTomb Bat Taphozouslongimanus Black Spifting Cobra Detectedat PasirPanjang West in August Naja sumatrana 94 (ShirleyPottie). 90 cm individual crossingroad at Johor Lama, Johor on 21.8.1994 (Subaraj GreaterWoolly IlorseshoeBat Rajathurai). Rhinolophusluctus Possibleexample momentarily restrained in a mist net at Pasir PanjangWest on 27.8.1994(re King Li). Trefoil IlorseshoeBat LesserMousedeer Rhinolophustrifoliatus Tragulusjavanicus 3 to 4 detectedat Pasir PaqjangWest in I at West on 26.8.1994 August 1994(Shirley Pottie). (Lee King Li); footprints near Taqiug Sambangon 23.11.1994(Kieu Kim Sen, BandedLeaf Monkey SubarajRajathurai). Presbytisfemoralis Heard at Pasir Pa4iangWest in August CommonBarking Deer 1994(Subaraj Rajathurai el aI). Muntiaau muntjak Tracks at Pasir Panjang West on SundaPangolin 28.8.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai er a/) Manisjavanica 1 of about 60 cm near TanjungSambang Wild Pig on 21.1I.1994 (Kieu Kim Sen, Subaraj &s scrofa Rajathurai); tracks at same site on Footprints& calls at Pasir PanjangWest 22.11.I994(StftarajRajathurai). r1 August 1994 (SubarajRajathurai er dt). Shrew-facedGround Squirrel Eerpetofauna Rhinos ciurus laticaudatus Possibleindividual at PasirPanjang West ReticulatedPJrthon on27.8.1994(Submaj Rajathurai). Pythonreticulatus 1.8 m exampleat Pasir PanjangWest on MalaysianWood Rat 26.8.1994 (Shirley Pottie, Subaraj Rattw tiomanicus Rajathurai). i trapped at Tanjrurg Tondang on 24.8.1994 (Kieu Kim Seng, Subaraj OrientalWhip Snake Rajathurai). Ahaetullaprasina 1 found killed at Mayang Sari on Red Spiny Rat 23.11.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai). Maxomysvtrifer 10 trappedat PasirPanjang WeS from 26 Blue.neckedKeelback to 29.8.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et a/). Macropisthodonrhodomelas 1 of about35 cm at TanjungSambang on Grey Tree Rat 23.8.1994 (Kieu Kim Sen, Subaraj Lenothrk canus Rajathurai). I trapped at Pasir Panjang West on 28.8.1994(Subaraj Rajathurai et al) was Black SpittingCobra the second known Indonesian locality Naja sumatrana after the BanyakIslands of Sumatra. I kept in cage at CMO on 23.11 .1994 (SubamjRaj athurai). Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis Mangrove Skink Tracks examinednear Ta4iung Sambang Emoiadtrocostata on 21.11.1994(Kieu Kim Sen, Subaraj 5 to 8 on beach rocks at Pasir Panjang Rajathnrai). West from 27 to 28'8.1994 (Subaraj Rajathwaiel al). RECORDSFOR 1995 MalayanColugo Cy noc ephal us v ar iegat us compiledby Kelvin Lim, RajathuraiSubaraj & One at Sime Foreston 14.1.1995CYeo Robert Teo Suay Hwee et al); 2 at Ulu Foreston 20.1.1995(VSG); I pair on SINGAPORE 21.4.1995& 1 on 22.4.1995at Lower Peirce 2 on 6.6.1995(Subaraj Mammals ffSG); Rajathuraiet aI) & a reddishexample on 9.6.1995(VSG) at SeletarTrack, Mandai SoutheastAsian White-toothed Shrew Forest;1 on26.8.1995 &l on22.10.1995 Crocidurac.f . fuliginosa (VSG) at baseof BTNR; I on "Hill A" on 2 deadexamples in pitfall trapsset up by 8.12.1995@ichard Frazier) & 2 along National Parks Board at BTNR: 1 on hail on 9.12.1995 King Li) atNSSF. 27.5.1995tom Fem Valley& 1 ftom an Q*e unspecifiedlocality - on 8.6.1995 the SundaPangolin specimens were depositedat the ZRC; 1 Manisjavanica trapped in forest near old pumphouse Roadkill at Mandai Roadon 12.6.1995& clearingat NSSF on 7.7.1995 & CVSG) depositedat ZRC (O. K. Wong);tracks of another on 15.8.1995;I trapped on I at Rangetr, NSSFon 9.7.1995(Subaraj I2.8.I995 near southemend of NSSF Rajathurai et a[); I at Mandai Forest died apparentlyfrom scorpion's sting; 1 Trackon 8.9.1995(Chua Ee Kiam et al); trappedon 13.8.1995at NSSF;5 trapped I along GangsaTrack on 14.10.1995 in September(l on 27.9.1995)at "fauna OSG); I at streamalong ChestnutTrack link" rmder on 12.11.1995(Timothy Pwee). betweennorthem edge ofBTNR & Upper PeirceReservoir. Large Flying Fox Pteropusvampyrw BandedLeaf Monkey 1 flew low over Mount Serapong, Presbytis femoralis ,on 4.8.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai At NSSF:5 on 4.3.1995,4 on30.4.1995, et at);2 overfirst streamat MandaiForest 6 betweenranges & 3 at Lower Peirce Trackon 8.9.1995(Shirley Pottie); I over sideon 24.9.1995(Yeo SuayHwee); I at Gangsa Track on 13 & 14.10.1995 southemend on 13.8.1995(Joseph Lai); 5 (VSG); 1 over clearingat ChestnutTrack at EastemTrail on 8.12.1995(VSG). on 11.11.1995(VSG). Long-tailed Macaque DuskyFruit Bat Macacafascicularis Penthetorlucasi At Sentosa:43 on 20.7.1995(Subaraj Colony of 50 recently rediscoveredat Rajathurai, Wong Ai Pheng), 41 on BTNR's secondcave in 1995 (Shirley 3.8.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai et aI),48 on Pottie);on 26.8.1995,a countrevealed a 23.8.1995 (Subaraj Rajathwai) at drop in numbers- the roost at BTNR is Coralarium, I 3 on 2.8.1995 at the only one presently known from Underwater World (Subaraj Rajathurai, Singapore. Wong Ai Pheng); over 10 along Main '7 Road & ovet at SerayaHu! BTNR on CaveNectar Bat 9.9.1995 (Robert Teo); carcass on Eonycterisspelaea 11.12.1995(Goh Si Guim) alongpipeline Adult male nettedat Lower PeirceForest atNSSF. on 19.5.1995CVSG).

10 NakedBat Grey Large-footedBat Cheiromelestorquatw Myotis adversus 4 possibleexamples observed on the wing Over 5 at edgeof Upper SeletarReservoir & catchinginsects on 23.9.1995above along MandaiLake Road on 11.2.1995 King Albert Park ffeo Suay Hwee) - (VSG); 6 at water edgeat Mandai Range described as being larger than the Foreston 10.3.1995& 3 detectedat edge Pouched Tomb Bat (Taphozous of Upper SeletarReservoir along Gangsa saccolaimus\ & dark-colouredon both Trackon 13.10.1995(Shirley Pottie). wings & body; 5 above a clearing at Chestnut Track, Mandai Forest, on GreaterBamboo Bat 10.11.1995 (Shirley Pottie). TyI o ny ct e r is r ob us tul a Over 10 examplesover Mount Imbiah, Black-beardedTomb Bat Sentosaon 21.7.1995 &l nettedatNSSF Taphozousmelanopogon on 12.8.1995(VSG); 3 detectedat NSSF I detectedover SerapongGolf Course, on 13.8.1995& 2 detectedat Gangsa Sentosaon 5.8.1995(Shirley Pottie). Trackon 13.10.1995(Shirley Pottie).

Blyth's HorseshoeBat Cream-colouredGiant Squirrel Rhi noI o p hus Ie p i dus(formefly r efulge ns) Rantfoafiinis Pregrant female netted at Mandai Range ATNSSF:1on4.3.1995. 1on9.4.1995 & Foreston 12.3.1995(VSG); 4 deteotedon 2 feedingtogether on a hee on 30.4.1995 7.7.1995,1on 11.8.1995& l on - the pair was sightedagain at samespot 13.8.1995(Shirley Pottie) at NSSF;many on 1.5.1995;I heardat dawnon 8.7.1995 flying acrossBTNR main road at dusk on at old pumphouseclearing @obert Teo). 26.8.1995CVSG); 2 detectedat Mandai Forest Track on 8.9.1995,2 detected Horsfield's Flving Squirrel along GangsaTrack on 13.10.1995& 4 Ionryshorsfieldii detected along Chestrut Track on 1 pair on a Bayas Palm along pipeline, 11.11.1995(Shirley Pottie); adult male near southemend of NSSF, on night of netted at ChestnutTrack. Mandai Forest 12.8.1995 Q*e Kng Li et at). on 11.11.1995(VSG); 1 detectedon 9.12.1995 (Shirley Pottie) & I female nettedeach at "Hill A" & EastemTrail on 9.12.199s(VSG) at NSSF.

Trefoil HorseshoeBat Rhinolophustr ifuI iatus Male caught at Seletar Track, Mandai Forest,on 9.6.1995(VSG); at least 1 detectedon 7.7.1995 & I on 11.8.1995at NSSF (Shirley Pottie); male netted at Mandai Forest Track on 9.9.1995 & 1 nettedat ChestrutTrack on 10.11.1995 CVSG);3 detectedalong ChestnutTrack on 11.11.1995(Shirley Pottie); 1 nettedat NSSFEast on 10.12.1995(VSG). Horsfield's Flying Squirrel fron " Malayan Squirrels (including Tree-shrews and the Flying Lemur)" , Harrison Asian HouseMouse CommonPalm Civet Mus muscuhts Par adoxtaus her maphroditw 1 of 60 mm (head-bodylength) & 75 mm I at 0930 hrs along Mandai Range on (tail length) trapped at Kraqji on 8.1.1995 (Yeo Suay Hwee); juvenile 29.9.1995(Yeo SuayHwee). caughtin the moming & anotheron the night of 11.3.1995at Mandai Range PolynesianRat Forest(VSG); 3 happedin roof spaceof Raftusexulans houseat Lucky Heights, off Upper East Diseased individual at SBNP on Coast Road, in October 1994, 27.7.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai). 21.5.1995& 29.5.1995(Straits Times, 2.6.7995: 2, with photo) - the animals MalaysianWood Rat werereportedly sent to SZG. Rattustiomanicus I trapped at Iower Peirce Forest on wildPig 23.4.199s(vSG). &u scrofa 3 at Kampong Bahru, Pulau Ubin Annandale'sRat photographedin 1986 (Robert Teo); Rattusannandalei tracks on westembank of SungeiBesar 3 trappedat summit of Mount Serapong, on Pulau Ubin on 8.4.1995(Subaraj Sentosa,on 6.8.1995(VSG). Rajathurai); Shin Min Daily News (18.7.1995:I & 3, with photos):3 wild Brown Spiny Rat pigs in groundsof Canadianlrtemational Maxomysrajah School (fonner Secondary 2 trappedon 10.6.1995&2 on11.6.1995 School) off Toh Tuck Terrace- a large at SeletarTrack, Mandai Forest;1 female individual escaped into the adjacent eachtrapped on 12.8.1995& 13.8.1995at forest, anotherlarge one of about 25 kg southem end of NSSF; male trapped at was killed by a security guard when it Ivfundai Forest Track on 9.9.1995:2 dashedinto a nearby condominium& a males& 1 femalehapped on 9.12.1995, small individual was caught alive & & I maletrapped on 10.12.1995atNSSF; promptly put down by staff fiom Primary immaturefemale, possibly of this species, ProductionDepaftment for public health trappedat Lower Peirce Forest West on rer$ons. From the colour picture 21.5.1995.(VSG). These are the first published,the small pig was hairy, with a records of this mammal species from relatively long snout,dark-greyish brown Singapore. above & pale below, with a broad blackish stripe on the oheek below the eye. It did not look like a domesticated animalby comparison.The origin of these pigs hasnot beenascertained.

.iFi j",,. LesserMousedeer Tragulusjovanicus Tracks of single individual at Range tr, NSSF on 9.7.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai er aI); 1 at MandaiForest Track on 8.9.1995 Brown SpinyRat (ChuaEe Kiarn e/ al). fron "A Field Guide to the Mammalsof Bomeo", Payne& Francis

12 Herpetofauna

Recordsof snakescontributed bv Rav Hiscock:

Red-tailed Pipe Snake Cylindrophisrufiis Dead 40 cm IslandCountry Club Roadbetween Thomson Road & clubhouse,where a streamcrosses rmdemeath 24.6.1995

Reticulated Python Pythonreticalahr.E Dead, 77 cn alongOld UpperThomson Road near shops 8.3.1995

SunbeamSnake Xenopeltisuntcolor Dead 53 om alongIsland Club Road 26.2.1995 Dead 76 cm insideUpper Peirce Reservoir Park, on road 26.2.1995

Orange-belliedRingneck Liopeltisbaliodeirus Dead 36 cm Rifle RangeRoad by TelecomsSatellite Station 29.4.1995 Dead 41 cm UpperPeirce Reservoir Park 6.5.1995 Dead 30 cm IslandCountry Club Road l7 .6.1995

Pink-headedReed Snake Calamariaschlegeli Dead 36 cm Old UpperThomson Road past gate 24.6.1995

Dwarf Reed Snake Pseudorhabdionlongiceps Dead 2 of 16.5cm each,found very closetogether Old UpperThomson Road near shops 17.6.1995

Barred Kukri Snake Oligodonsignatus Dead 28 cm Rifle RangeRoad by CharteredIndustries 29.4.1995

Common Wolf Snake Ophitesauliats Sloughof50 cm JalanSuasa 9.5.1995 Dead 43 cm IslandCoutry Club Road 17.6.1995

Elegant Bronzeback Dendrelaphis formosus '1 Alive ca. 75 cm Ulu SembawangTrack I .3.1995 Dead I 42 cm alongMandai dual cariageway 7.3 .1995 Dead 80 cm UpperThomson Road near junction with Old Upper ThomsonRoad north end 8.3.1995 Dead 46 cm Rifle RangeRoad near SAF ammunitioncamp 25.4.1995 Dead 44 cm MandaiLake Road just beyondTrack I 5 juction 29.4 .1995 Dead 80 cm Rifle RangeRoad between Teleocms Satellite Station& CharteredIndustries l7 .6.1995 Dead 110 cm Old UpperThomson Road beyond gate 17.6.1995 Dead 96 cm Roadto UpperPeirce Reservoir Park near gate I7 .6.1995 Dead 114cm Old UpperThomson Road near shops 24.6.L995 PaintedBronzeback Dendrelaphispichn Dead 79 om Old UpperThomson Road near park entrance 06.5.1995 Dead 83 om IslandCoutry Club Road 17.6.1995 Dead 28 cm IslandCountry Club Road 17.6.1995 Dead 74 cm IslandComtry Club Road 24.6.1995

Striped Bronzeback Dendrelaphiscaudolineatus Alive oa.60cm NeoTiew Road 3.3.1995 Alive ca. 50 cm MandaiIake Road.Track 15 29.4.1995

Oriental Whip Snake Ahaenlla prasina Dead 27 cm along{Ilu SembawangTrack I 7.3.1995

ParadiseTree Snake Chrysopeleaparadisi Dead 23 cm with red dorsalmarkings UpperThomson Road near junction with Old UpperThomson Road north end 8.3.1995

Yellow-ringed Cat Snake Boiga dendrophila Dead 54 cm Old UpperThomson Road between gate & shops 17.6.1995

Blue-neckedKeelback Macropisthodonrhodomelas Dead 40.5 cm Old UpperThomson Road between gates & shops l7 .6.1995

SpottedKeelback Xenochrophismcculatus Dead 58 cm Rifle RangeRoad between Telecoms Satellite Station& CharteredIndustries 24.6.1995

Banded Malayan Coral Snake Maticora intestinalis Dead 48 cm Rifle RangeRoad halfway up hill 26.2.1995 Dead 26 cm Rifle RangeRoad near Telecoms Station 19.3 .1995 Dead 46 cm Rifle RangeRoad near Telecoms Station 29.4 .1995 This speoimenwas foud within a foot of the Orange-belliedRingreck mentionedabove. The observersuspected that the coral snakewas attemptingto eatthe othersnake when both were run overby a vehicle. Dead 33 cm Old UpperThomson Road near park entrance 6.5.1995

Reticulated $dhon & BalestierRoad - caughtby the Police& Pyihon reticulatus handedto SZG. 2 m examplespotted on Dead exampleon railway track neartrain bush at Istana on 3.12.1995 (Goh Si station opposite Yeo Hiap Seng factory Guim). along on 10.9.1995 (Goh Si Guim e/ al); 2 m specimenon SunbeamSnake road at Monnt Imbiah, Sentosa bn Xenopeltisunicolor 23.7.1995 (VSG). 5 m example on 83 cm example in drain along Upper momingof 26.9.1995in overgrownfield PeircePark serviceroad on 20.5.1995 at BalestierHill, at jrmction of Thomson (VSG).

l4 File Snake PaintedBronzeback Acroc hor dus gr anulatus Dendrelaphispictus 5 yorurg specimensof about 32 cm mud 45 cm roadkill at BTNR on 16.8.1995 lobster mormdsin mangrovesof Sungei (SubarajRajathurai); juvenile at Visitor Mandai Kechil on 27.12.1995 (Tan Swee Centre,SBNP in November1995 (Kelvin Heeet al). LiLrnet al).

Indo-ChineseRat Snake Black-headedCollared Snake Ptyaskorros Si by nophis me I ano c ep halus 1.4 m examplefound deadneal entrance I of over 20 cm on Main Road.BTNR on of SBNPon 22.7.1995by O.K.Wong. 6.1.1995(Robert Teo).

KeeledRat Snake CommonWolf Snake Ptyascarinatus Ophitesaulicus Roadkill in late October 1995 in BTNR 2 small examplesfound separatelyin a on Main Road near summit (National semi-detachedhouse at SeletarAir Base ParksBoard staff). in September1995 (Irna Chan). Note change in generic .name from Red-tailedRacer Lycodon. The type speciesof Lycodonis Gonyosomaoxycephala morphologicallydifferent from the wolf I at Executive Golf Course at Upper snakesto which the genuswzur generally Seletar ReservoirPark on 15.11.1995 applied. Ophites is the next available Q.{ationalParks Board staff); 1 in a tee nanre for the wolf snakes(see Zhao & near North View Hut, BTNR on Adler, 1994.Herpetology of China). 26.8.199sIVSG). Orange.belliedRingneck Malayan Brown Snake Liopeltis baliodeirus XeneI aphis hexagonotus 15 cm example in drain along Bukit I possibleexample on 19.9.1995at about KalangServ-ice Road 19.11.1995 (Subaraj 1030hrs (Goh Si Guim) - observednear a Rajathurai). stream along Dairy Farm Path off the edge of BTNR - describedas unifonn, StripedKukri Snake dull brown above,& palebelow. Oligodonoctolineatus 2 in treeholealong Jalan LJlu Sembawang Striped Bronzeback with a few large reptilian eggs on Dendre I aphis caudoline atus 21.1.1995(Robert Teo); 45 cm roadkill Juvenile of 30.5 cm in building on Kent on Rifle RangeRoad, 8.10.1995 (Subaraj Ridge Campus, on 6.9.1995 (Alvin Rajathurai);I at NSSFon 9.12.1995(ke Wong); roadkill of about 60 cm along King Li, Yeo SuayHwee). Neo Tiew Road on 21.9.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai). ' Barred Kukri Snake Oligodonsignahn ElegantBronzeback I at Seletar Track, Mandai Forest, on Dendrelaphisformoxn 11.6. 1995 @eqiamin Lee, I€e King Li). 1 possibleexample of about1.8 m at Golf CourseLink. MacRitchieon 1.11.1995 VariableReed Snake (SubarajRaj athurai). Cal amar ia lumbricoidea Roadkill at Mandai Lake Road on 11.2.1995(VSG).

l5 Pink-headedReed Snake Twin-barred Tree Snake Calamariaschlegeli Chrysopeleapelias 33.5 cm dead examplealong pipeline at Roadkill at Upper SeletarReservoir Park NSSFin August 1995(Chua Sek Chuan); on9.6.1995 (VSG). 25 cm roadkill at Rifle RangeRoad on 30.4.1995 (SubarajRajathurai). Yellow-ringedCat Snake Boiga dendrophila Dwarf ReedSnake I in gardenofhouse at HindhedeDrive in Ps e ud o r abdio n I ongic ep s Aug 1995(Oliver Chia). Roadkill along Lorong Gangsa on 7.10.1995(National Parks Boad staf0. Dog-facedWater Snake Cerberusrynchops Oriental Whip Snake I at Smgei Ubin ponds,Pulau Ubin on Ahaetullaprasina 2.1.1995@obert Teo); 1 in SrmgeiBuloh 1.2 m example on a bush along on 19.5.1995& 2 at Pasir Ris Anak Bukit opposite Bukit Timah Mangroves on 26.7.1995 (Subaraj ShoppingCentre, on 23.9.1995(Goh Si Rajathurai). Guim); juvenile at Sime Forest on 14.1.1995(Yeo Suay Hwee et al);1.26 m Puff-facedWater Snake roadkill at Mandai Lake Road on Homalopsisbuccata 11.2.1995(VSc); 1 along Tiup Tiup I at Lorong Gambas on 22.1.1995 Path,BTNRon 19.12.95. (Andrew Tay); 3 at l,ower Peirce Forest on22.4.1995 (VSG). Speckle.headedWhip Snake Ahaetullafasciolata Crab-eatingWater Snake 45 cm examplealong Main Road,BTNR Fordonialeucobalia on 17.12.1995(coh Si cuim). 4 Qargest2 measured36.5 & 39 cm) inside mud lobster mormd in Lim Chu ParadiseTree Snake Kang Mangroveson 29.12.1995(Tommy Chrysopeleaparadisi Tanet a[). 103 cm dead specimenat edgeof Palm Valley Road,SBG, on 26.1.1995(Robert TriangleKeelback Teo); 90 cm example olimbing Coconut Xenochrophis trianguligerus Palm at Pulau Ubin on 19.2.1995& | 66 cm roadkill along Upper Peirce along mangove boardwalk at SBNP on ServiceRoad on 20.5.1995(VSc). 9.5.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); 1 of about I m on mangroveboardwalk at SBNP on SpottedKeelback the late momirg of 23.2.1995(Kelvin Xenochrophis maanlatus Lim, Dennis Murphy); I on mangrove Roadkill on Upper PeirceReservoir Park boardwalk & I on PapayaTree behind Roadon 20.5.1995(National Parks Board Visitor Centre,SBNP in November1995 statr). (Kelvin Lim et a[); I of about 75 cm at Morurt SerapongSentosa on 20.7.1995 Blue-neckedKeelback (SubarajRajathurai, Wong Ai Pheng); I Macl opisthodon rhodomelas of about90 cm at entnnce of Coralarium, I at Mandai Range Forest on 12.3.1995 Sentosaon 3.8.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai, (vsc). Shamla Subaraj); I at Pulau Ubin on 28.7. | 995 (SubarajRaj athurai).

l6 Blue Malayan Coral Snake 12.8.1995@obert Teo); 2 at SimeForest Maticora bivirgata on 8.10.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); I 1 of about 75 cm along Main Road, along Island Club Road on 22.10.1995 BTNR on 31.3.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); (SubarajRajathurai er aI). a 25 cm juvenile at summit of BTNR on 19.11.1995(Subaraj Raj athurai). Water Monitor Varanussalvator BandedMalayan Coral Snake At least10 ofsizes rangingftom 40 cm to Maticora intestinalis 2 m at SBNP on the momine of National Parks personnelfound a dead 23.2.1995(Kelvin Lim, N. Sivasotfr);Z examplein sheamat Dairy Farrn euarry about2 m at SBNPon 9.5.1995(Subaraj on 13.9.1995;roadkill along Rifle Range Rajathurai). Road on 14.1.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); I at Lower PeirceForest on 22.4.1995 MangroveSkink (VSG); 1 of over 30 cm found dead on Emoiaatrocostata Main Road BTNR on 2.5.1995(Subaraj Observedto be commonin mangroveat Rajathurai); I dead at Bukit Kalang PulauBuloh on 6.6.1995(Kelvin Lim, N. ServiceRoad drain on 21.9.1995(subarai Sivasothi). Rajathurai). Yellow-stripedSkink Black SpittingCobra Lipinia cf. vittigera Naja sumatrana Caught (& subsequentlyreleased) while 1 of about |.2 m tn drain, in Christian crossingMain Road,BTNR on 31.5.1995 cemetaryopposite Youngberg Hospital at (Shirley Pottie et aI) & photographedby Upper SerangoonRoad, on 30.7.L995 Benjamin Lee. A small skink with a (Goh Si Guim) at about 0900 hrs. 1 at yellow shipe on its baclg stretchingftom Dairy Farm Quarry on 13.12.1995 the tip of its snoutto the tip of its tail & (reportedto NationalParks Board). fanked by 2 bold black stripes flank on each side. Tentatively identified as the Wagler'sPit Viper said speciesfrom the photographs,this is Tropidolaemuswagleri the first record for Singapore;another 1 alongTiup Tiup Path,BTNR on examplewas photographedby Tan Tze. 15.12.1995(SL et at). Siong near Kruing Hut, BTN\ on 29.6.1995. CloudedMonitor I/aranusnebulosus 1 at NSSFon 9.4.1995(Yeo Suay Hwee); 1 of 60 cm at MacRitchieReservoir Park on 19.4.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai); roadkill along Old Upper ThomsonRoad on 22.4.1995(VSG); I of 45 cm at MacRitchieReservoir Park on 30.4.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai);2 at Bukit Kalang on 4.5.1995 (Ng Bee Choo, Subaraj Yellow-stiped Skink From "A Photographic Rajathurai); 2 at Sime Forest Gaide to Snakes and on Other Reptiles Penircxlar Malaysia, Singapore 21.5.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); 60 cm and Thailand", Cox et al. individual along Upper Peirce Reservoir service road on 31.5.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai);1 at southemend ofNSSF on

17 Brown Tree Skink Flat-tailedGecko Dasia cf. grisea Cosymbotesplatyurus Seenabout 1.5m up a treetrunk at NSSF Over 30 at Pulau Ubin on 2.1.1995 on 3.3.1995& on 9.4.1995in the same @obert Teo); 2 in undergrounddrain at area (Yeo Suay Hwee). The observer Ulu Sembawangon 20.1.1995(VSG); I describedthe lizard has having a smaller at SBNP Visitor Cenhe on 15.3.1995 head comparedto Common Sun Skink (Subaraj Rajathurai); cornmon on (Mabzryamultifasciata), with black bands Sentosa,with 72 oountedon nights of4 & on the back from neck to half-way down 5.8.199s(VSG). the tail. The body colcur is chestrut brown, head paler, pale at the "brou/', Four-clawedGecko grey on the throat,& the legsare brown. Gehyramutilata 4 on pipeline at NSSF on 7.7.1995 Black-beardedFlying Dragon ffSG); observed at Mormt Serapong, Draco melanopogon Sentosabetween 4 & 5.8.1995(VSG). Male at Seletar North Peninsula on 23.1.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai); I at Sime Marbled Bent-toed Gecko Forest on 17.6.1995 (Ng Bee Choo, Go ny d ac ty lus quadriv ir gatus SubarajRaj athurai). 1 at Lower Peirce Forest on 20.5.1995 - (VSG); 1 along Upper Peirce Reservoir SpottedHouse Gecko serviceroad on 20.5.1995(VSG); I at Gekkomonarchus Upper SeletarReservoir Park on 9.6.1995 1 caught inside HDB aparhnentalong (VSG);2 on7.7.1995& 1 on 12.8.1995 Yishm Ring Roadon 11.2.1995(Kelvin on pipeline at NSSF (VSc); I at Cave Lirr); I at Lower Peirce East on Path,BTNR on 26.8.1995(VSG); I at 22.4.1995$SG); one at Lower Peirce MandaiForest Trach NSSFon 8.9.1995 Forestwest on 19.5.1995(VSG); 9 in (ChuaEe Kiam ef a/). forest at Upper SeletarReservoir Park on 9.6.1995(VSG); 2 on pipelinebetween Kendall'sRock Gecko ranges at NSSF on 7.7.1995(Robert Cnemaspislcendalli Teo); 46 on nights of 4 & 5.8.1995in 1 at Seletar Track, Mandai Forest on southemhalfof Sentosa(VSG). I 1.6.1995@eqiamin I€e, I€e King Li); 2 on pipelineat NSSFon 7.7.1995(Subaraj Large ForestGecko Rajathurai); I at Cave Path, BTNR on Gekkosmithii 26.8.1995@obert Teo); 1 at NSSF on 10 cm example seen near eastem 9.12.1995(-eeKingLi et al). boundaryofBTNR on 26.8.1995(VSG); t heard near old Jalan Kutu, BTNR on SpinyTerrapin 2.11.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai); 4 cm Heosemysspinosa example on tree trunk along Catohment I at MacRitchie Nature Trail on Path, BTNR on night of 26.8.1995 11.1.1995(Tan Hang Chong);1on (RobertTeo). r 20.1.1995& 1 on 22.1.1995,in strcamat Ulu SembawangForest (VSG); 1 at Tokay Gecko Seletar North Peninsula on 11.2.1995 Gekkogell

18 Malayan Box Terrapin Black-eyedLitter Frog Cuora amboinensis Leptobrachiumnigrops I feeding on dead fieshwater crab at 5 heard at CatchmentPond, BTNR. on NSSFon 28.1.1995(Yeo SuayHwee); I nightof26.8.1995 (Robert Teo). on 5.8.1995Q-yrdon Gan et at) & | on 23.8.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai), on edge Four-ridgedToad of Serapong Golf Course, Sentosa. 3 Bufoquadriporcatus along MacRitchie Nature Trail on 1 at Lower Peirce East on 22.4.1995 i l I . 1995(Tan Hang Chong),2 of which (VSG);I at NSSFon 8.7.1995CVSG). were in the reservoir. MalayanGiant Frog EstuarineCrocodile Limnonectesblythi Crocodylwporosus 1 at SeletarNorth Peninsula on 10.2.1995 I between1.5 to 1.8m seenfor at least4 (VSG); 2 at Lower Peirce Forest on prior days to 22.5.1995in Johor Straits 22.4.1995(VSG); I at edgeof NSSF at along Johor-Woodlands Causewav UpperSeletar Reservoir Park on 9.6.1995 (Lianhe Wanbao,225.1995: l, 2, witir (VSG); 1 inside secondcave along Cave pichues); 2 m exampleseen for at least3 Path,BTNR on 26.8.1995(VSG); 1 at montls by members of the public in confluence of streams, at junction of PunggolEstuary off PrmggolTrack 13.A Lasia Track & Senapang Road, on reporter of Shin Min Daily News 26.8.1995@obert Teo). photographed1 at the samelocality on the Note: following reoordsare basedon call nightof 15.7.1995,at2045 & 2110pm & are tentative: I at swampy stream at (ShinMin DailyNews,17.7.1995: I & 3, SeletarNorth Peninsulaon 11.2.1995 with photos):Lianhe Wanbao Q1.7.1995: (Irce King Li)t I at edgeof Upper Seletar I & 10, with photos)reported the capture Reservoir off Mandai Lake Road on ofa femaleof about2 m & between20 to 12.2.1995(I*e King Li); 3 at Lower 30 kg at Estuary. It was first PeirceReservoir on 22.4.1995(VSG); I sightedon PulauSeletar and was believed at MacRitchie Forest on 21.9.1995 to be the sameone reportedin Shin Min (SubarajRajathurai). Daily News (L7.7.L995).The specimen was sent to the SingaporeCrocodilarium MalesianFrog at the EastCoast Parkway. Limnonectesmalesiana I in streamat Ulu SembawangForcst on Juvenile crocodilian, possibly a caiman 20.I.I995 @obert Teo); I at Seletar (exact identiff rmdetermined),was a North Peninsulaon 10.2.1995(VSG); 4 at surprisefind in a shallowpond at Central l,ower PeirceForest on 22 & 23.4.1995 Beach, Sentosa,on night of 22.7.1995 (Kieu Kim Sen, Yeo Suay Hwee); 1 at (VSG). Probably an escapee,it was lnwer PeirceWest on 20.5.1995(VSG); handed over to Sentosa Develooment 2 at Golf CourseLink, MacRitchieForest Corporation. on 24.6.1995(Subaraj Rajathtrai et al);3 t on 11.8.1995& | on 12.8.1995at NSSF Malayan llorned Toad (VSG); I in fust streamof MandaiForest Megophrysnasuta Track,NSSF on 8.9.1995(VSG); 1 large 4 heard on 8.9.1995(Ceu Kim Sen, exampleat Chestlrt Track on 1I .1I . 1995 Subaraj Rajathurai) & 2 heard on (VSG); 2 at NSSF on 9.12.1995(Lee 9.9.1995(VSG) at Mandai ForestTraclq KngLi et al). NSSF; I heard at Chestrut Track on 11.11.1995fl'/SG).

l9 Masked Swamp Frog ForestWalking Catfish Limnonect esp ar amacro don Clarias teijsmanni lat NSSF on 7;7.1995(VSG); I in tust 5 at Lower Peirce West on 20.5.1995 stream at Mandai Forest Track, NSSF on (VSG); I possible exampleeach in two 8.9.1995 (VSG); 2 at Mandai Forest different streams at Chestnut Track Track, NSSF on 9.9.1995 (VSG); 1 at streamon 11.11.1995(Timothy Pwee, stream along Chestnut Track on Andrew Tay) & 1 on 12.11.1995(Yeo 10 . 1 I . 1995 (I.ee King Li) was the first to SuayHwee). be recordedoutside NSSF. BlackMarlin Crab-eating X'rog Makaira indica Rana cancrivora The StraitsTimes (1 July 1995: 1, with 1 at Lower Peirce Forest on 22.4.7995 picture)reported a 3 m exampleof 50 kg, (vsG). foundtrapped in a kelong off Punggolon 29.6.t995. RhinocerosX'rog Ranaplicatella BandedChromide I at Cave Path, BTNR on 26.8.1995 Etropiussuratensis (vsG). The presenceof Banded Chromide in Singaporewas observedby Kelvin Lim, MaskedRough-sided F'rog Wang Luan Keng & N. Sivasothi on 6 Ranabaramica June 1995 in SungeiBuloh Besar,just 4 seen & 3 heard at Seletar North behindthe SBNP Visitor Centre. There Peninsulaon 10.2.1995(VSG); t heardat appearsto be a large population of this MandaiLake Road on 11.2.1995CVSG); fish in the river. Theseare easilyviewed 4 at edge of NSSF at Upper Seletar at low tide from the main bridge. ReservoirPark on 9.6.1995ffSG). Examplesof at least 20 cm total length were observedin small groupsof 5 01 6 Black-spottedSticky F rog individuals. They are distinguishedfrom Kal ophrynus pl eurostigma the syntopic Tilapia (Oreochromis 1 at Three-StoneHill. NSSFon 3.7.1995 mossambicus)by their slightly smaller (Oliver Chia et aI); 1 near North View size, rorurdedbody shape,shorter fins, Hut, BTNR on 26.8.1995(VSG). dark vertical barswith pearlyspots on the sides& a blackblotch at the baseof the 'Ihe Fishes pectoralfin. fisheswere seen about 500 m from the river mouth, in saltwater, Shark Ray over mud bottoms. They were seen Rhinaancylostoma scatteredalong the edge of the river, 3 men out trawling for shrimps off amongstclumps of mussels& alongside Marine Paradefound a SharkRay in their Tilapia. Banded Chromide is native to net on 16.7.1995at 1000 hrs. The Lrdia & Sri Lanka, & the population in example measured1.83 m & weighed hereis believedto be of feral origin. It is about40 kg (LianheWanBao, 17 .7 .1995: sometimesoffered for saleas a freshwater 1,with colourphoto). aquariumfish locally. The observationof courting behaviour of pairs of these BarbelessChemperas fishes, & their large numbersat Sungei CycI oche il ichthys apogon Buloh suggeststhat they might have 1 in a streamat NSSF on'7;7.1995(Yeo becomeestablished. Their occurencein SuavHwee). other nearby drainageshave not been

20 recorded. It is not known if the fishes havebeen deliberately released, or if they had escapedfrom aquaculture.

Malayan Leaf Fish Nandusnebulosw I in Catchment Pond BTNR on 26.8.1995(VSc).

Brown Gudgeon Oxyeleotr is urophthalma I adult in tide pool along Sugei Buloh Besar, near SBNP Visitor Centre in 11.1995(Wang Luan Keng);juvenile of about 4 cm regurgitatedby a File Snake (Acrochor&s granulatus) found inside a mudlobster momd in mangroves of Mandai Kechil on 27.12.1995(Tan Swee Hee).

Pikehead Luciocephahupulcher I in stream at Chestnut Track on 11.11.199s(VSG).

Two-spotGouramy Tricho gas ter tr ichopterus Several in pipeline pool at NSSF on 8.7.1995 (Kieu Kim Sen, Yeo Suay Hwee); a few in small,freshwater pond at SBNPon 19.10.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai, ShamlaSubaraj)

Toman or Giant Snakehead Channamicropeltes At least I in SrmgeiBuloh Besar,SBNP, on 19.5.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai). The Nature ReservesSurvey Fish List (Januaryto December1995)

All localitiesin CCNR;recorded by VSG.

A Ulu Sembawang/LorongGambas sheams & ponds,20-22.1.1995 B SeletarNorth Peninsula & reservoiredge, 10-12.2.1995 C LowerPeirce East & reservoiredge,2l-23.4.1995 D LowerPeirce West, 19-21.5.1995 E UpperSeletar Reservoir Park streams, 9-10.6.1995 F NSSF(range arca),7-9.7.1995 G NSSF(southeast), 11-13.8.1995 H MandaiForest Traclg 8-10.9.1995 1 QangsaTrack streams & UpperSeletar Reservoir edge, 13-15.10.1995 J ChestrutTrack, 10-12.11.1995

Soecies Localities Two-spotRasbora Rasbora elegans C-J Einthoven'sRasbora Rasbora einthovenii A,B,E,F,G,I,J HarlequinRasbora Rasbora heteromorpha F CommonBarb Puntius binotatus C-H,J MalayanTiger Barb P untius p artipe ntdzond C SumatranTiger Barb Puntius tetrazona E Six-bandedBarb Puntius hexazona F BarbelessChemperas Cycloche il ichthys apogon F Grey-bandedloach N em ac he il us se I angor ic us SpottedEel-loach Pangio shelfordii F I-eaf Catfish Silur ichthlts cf. schneideri F ForestWalking Catfish Clarias teijsmanni C,G,J PygrnyHalfbeak Dermogenys of. pusilla tl ForestHalfbeak H emir h ampho do n p ogo nognathus D-J Whitespot Aplocheilus panchm Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrookii A,C SwampEel Monopterus albts Buflbacked SpinyEel Mac r ogn athus ma cul at us F Pikehead Luciocepholuspulcher E,F,H,J Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus F ForestBetta Bettd pugnax A.G, I Two-spotGouramy Tr icho gast er tr ichopterus A,E,F CommonSnakehead Channa striata A,C,E,F,J Dwarf Snakehead Channa gachua F,H Black Snakehead Channa melasoma F,H ForestSnakehead Channa lucitu F,H,J Giant Snakehead Channa micropeltes C Marbled Gudgeon Oxyeleotris mqrmorata C,E PondGoby Rhinogobiuscf. giurinus c Glassfish Parambassis siamensis C Tilapia Oreochromis moss ambicus D

22 PENINSULARMALAYSIA BandedLeaf Monkey Presbytisfemoralis Mammals 3 grey-colouredforms at Awana Countrv Resort, Genting Highlands, pahang Moonrat on I 0.I 0.I 995 Teo). Echinosorexgtmnurus @obert 1 on night of 29.1.1995 in primaryforest Long-tailedMacaque at PasohForest, Negeri Sembilan(Robert Macaca Teoet ah. fascicularis Individualsalong the lower Benut River, westem Johor on 29.5.1995 (Jon CommonTree Shrew Sigurdsson). Tupaia glis I with a greyish tail on golf course at Pig-tailedMacaque Awana Cormtry Resort, Genting Macacanemestrina Highlands,Pahang (Robert on 10.10.1995 1 at Panti Forest Bunker Teo). Trail, Kota Tinggi,Johor on22.1.1995 &, t9.3.lgg5 (Subaraj Rajathurai et al); over B tn White-handedGibbon primary peat swamp at Pasoh Foresl Hylobateslar Negeri Sembilanon 30.1.1995(Robert At Kota Tinggi, Johor: 5 at Panti Forest Teoet al\. Bunker Trail on 22.1.1995 (Subaraj. Rajathurai panti et a[); small troop at SundaPangolin ForestTrack on 4.4.1995 & smalltroop at Manisjavanica Panti ForestBunker Trail on s.q.tb9S I m exampleat rubbish dump at pasoh (Lim Kim Chuah,Subaraj Rajathurai). ForestHQ, NegeriSembilan on 2.2.1995 (Ng Bee Choo, Robert Teo); roadkill on Siamang Cha'ah-Yong Peng Road, Johor on Hylobatessyndactylus 24.5.1995(Tan Koh Siang & Serena 3 between9 & l0 am, at rubbish dumpon Teo); femalewith youngriding on back at Fraser'sHill, Pahang, (Alvin on 3.9.1995 Parit Semarahin Pontian,Johor (reported Wong); 2 along a jungle hail nearAwana to EricAlfted) in lateJuly 1995. Country Resort at Genting Higlrlands, Pahangon 10.1995 @obertTeo). LesserSheath-tailed Bat Emballomtramonticola Dusky Leaf Monkey 6 roosting rurder office & 2 under Tra c hyp i th e cas ob s c urus resthouseat Pasoh Forest HQ, Negeri Over 6 on Grmurg Raya, I-angkawi Sembilanon 29.1.1995@obert Teo). Island, Kedah on 4.1.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai, ShamlaSubaraj); l0 in logged PouchedTomb Bat forest at PasohForest, Negeri Sembilan Taphozotusaccolaimus on 1.2.1995 @obertTeo, Lee King Li); At least 2 possibleexamples roosting in over 3 at Kukup, Johor on 17.3.1995 eavesof houseat Johor Lama, Johor (Subaraj on Rajathurai);6 at Kukup, Johor 29.4.1995(Subaraj Raj athurai). on 3.4.1995(Lim Kim Chuah,Subaraj Rajathurai); several along lower Benut Large RoundleafBat River, westemJohor on 29.5.1995fion Hipposideros larvatus Sigurdsson). Abwrdant inside Gua Telinga, Taman Negara,Pahang on 12.12.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai).

23 Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel MalaysianWood Rat Ratufaafrnis Rdttttstiomanicus 1 at PasohForest HQ, Negeri Sembilan 6 trapped at Pasoh Forest HQ, Negeri on 1.2.1995(,ee King Li); 3 in fruiting Sembilanbetween 30.1.1995 & 2.2.1995 tree at Panti Forest Bunker Trail, Kota @obertTeo el al). Tinggi, Johor on 5.4.1995(Lim Kim Chuah, Subaraj Rajathurai); I crossing MalayanPorcupine road at Kampung Lurut, Johor on Hystrk brachyura 11.10.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai);I at Roadkill on Cha'ah-Yong Peng Road Panti Forest Bunker Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johoron 24.5.1995(Tan Koh Siang& Johoron 4.11.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai er SerenaTeo); aborn20 with Wild Pigs & ah. Long-tailedMacaques at about7 pm @ric Alfted) on Pulau Keladi along lower Black-bandedSquirrel SrmgaiPahang near Pekan in April 1995. Cal Ios ciurus nigrovittafis 1 at PasohForest HQ, Negeri Sembilan Brush-tailed Porcupine on 30.1.1995 (Robert Teo). Atherwus macrourus 1 at night in a kampunggarden off Tekek Grey-bellied Squirrel Bay, north of airstrip, on Pulau Tioman, Callosciurus caniceps Pahangin August 1995@ric Alfred). 2 at Pulau Singa Besar off Langkawi Island, Kedah on 3.1.1995 (Subaraj MalayanSun Bear Rajathwai,$hamla Subaraj). Helarctosmaltyanus Tracks of an individual at Panti Fcrest Prevost'sSquirrel Bmker Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johor on Call osc iurus pr evostii 5.4.1995 (Lim Kim Chuah, Subaraj 1 in ginary forest at PasohForest "Plot Rajathurai). 1", Negeri Sembilanon 1.2.1995(ke KingLD. Tiger Pantheratigris Three-striped Ground Squirrel StraitsTimes (22.9.1995:27) canied a Lariscusinsignis report of a 63 year-old rubber tapper 1 trapped at Pasoh Forest HQ, Negeri killed by a tiger in his small-holdingat Sembilanon 30.1.1995(Robert Teo et KampungAir nearBelimbing Pahangon at). 20.9.1995;footprints along Panti Forest Bunker Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johor on HimalayanStriped Squirrel 11.10.1995(Subaraj Raj athurai). Tamiopsmacclellandii 1 at Awana ComtrY Resort, Genting LeopardCat Highlands,Pahang on 10.10.1995@obert Prionailurusb engalens is Teo). 1 in primary forest in Pasoh Forest, Negeri Sembilan on 1.2.1995 @etri Long-tailedGiant Rat Hottola); roadkill along Yong Leopoldamyssabanus Peng-SegamatRoad, Johor on 24.5.1995 3 trapped at Pasoh Forest HQ, Negeri (Tan Koh Siang& SerenaTeo); I at Panti Sembilan,between 30.1.1995 & 2.2.1995 ForestBrmker Trail, Kota Tinggi' Johor (RobertTeo er a|. on 4.11.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai er af. MaskedPalm Civet FoothillsTrack on 3.4.1995(Lim Kim Pagumalarvata Chuah,Subaraj Rajathurai); I killed after Dark brown exampleat about 0700 lus, 2 shotsftom a shotgun,when it ran amok outside Aubyn House at Fraser's Hill, & attacked people in village at Jeli, Pahangon 3.9.1995(Alvin Wong). Kelantan - the animal was reDoftedto haveappeared frequently in the village to Three-striped Palm Civet plundercrops (Straits Times, 17.11.1995: Ar ctogal idia tr ivir gata 33,with picture). 1 feeding on Eugenia tumida fr:\Lts at Pasoh Forest HQ, Negeri Sembilan on MalayanTapir night of 30.1.1995(Robert Teo, Ng Bee Tapirusindicus Choo). I crossingEast Coasthighway at night, betweenPekan & Kuantan,Pahang @ric Oriental Small-clawedOtter Alfred) in late July 1995- road was lined Amblonyccinereus with oil palrn. 3 on brmd at Kukup mangrove,Johor on 3.4.1995 (Lim Kim Chuah, Subaraj WildPig Rajathwai); 3 to 4 possibleexamples on Susscrofa 29.5.1995 along lower Bemrt River, I possiblyferal exampleon Pulau Singa westem Johor - disappeared into Besar off Langkawi Island, Kedah on mangrove when approached (Jon 3.1.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai, Shanria Sigurdsson); roadkill photographedon Subaraj);2 at Pantt ForestBunker Trail, 15.5.1995on road next to Nipah forest, KotaTinggi, Johor on 22.1.1995(Subaraj 1l km from Pekan, Pahang(Tan Heok Rajathuraiet aI)i at PasohForest, Negeri Hur et aI). Sembilan, 4 herds totalling over 10 animalson 31.1.1995& 5 on 1.2.1995 Smooth-coatedOtter @etri Hottola) & | on 2.2.1995(Robert Lutrogalep erspic illata Teo); female with 8 piglets at Bishop's 1 possibleexample on rocky shoresouth Trail, Fraser'sHill, Pahangon 3.9.1995 of Pantai Tenang, Langkavii Island, (SeeSwee I*ng et a[);1 at PantiForest Kedah on 3.1.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai, Bunker Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johor on SharnlaSubaraj); 2 sruuringon rock along 4.I I .1995(Lim Kim Chuahet af . Tembeling River near Kuala Tembeling, Pahang on 11.12.1995 (Subaraj Mousedeer Rajathwai). Tragulus sp. I in logged forest at Pasoh, Negeri Rorqual Whale Sembilanon 30.1.1995(Lee King Li). Balaenopterasp. 5 m examplefound strandedon beachin CommonBarking Deer Kedahvillage on 26.9.1995& eventually Muntiacusmuntjak dying from injuries despite efforts by Footprintsnoted at Panti Forest Bunker villagers to : free it (Srmday Times, Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johor on 22.1.1995 1.10.1995:21, with pictures). (SubarajRajathurai er af.

Asian Elephant Sambar Elephasmaximus Cervusunicolor From Kota Tinggi, Johor: footprints at Feral herd of about 8 on Pulau Singa Panti ForestBunker Trail on 22.1.1995 Besar off l,angkawi Island Kedah on (Subaraj Rajathurai et al) & Parfii 3.1.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai, Sharnla

25 Subaraj); tracks of 3 at Panti Foothills Zoo (Shaits Times, 9.10.1995, with Trail, Kota Tinggi, Johor on 3.4.1995 picture). (Lim Kim Chuah,Subaraj Rajathurai). ElephantTrunk Water Snake HerPetofauna Acrochordwjavanicus 1.37m femaleof about8 kg was formd Reticulated P5rthon stuck in a pipe usedto drain a fish pond Pythonreticalatw near Bahau, Negeri Sembilan on 6.65m examplefound trying to swallowa 22.9.1995,at about5 pm. Captured,it man after apparentlyhaving killed him by gave birth to 50 juveniles within 30 constriction about 20 km down minutes. The mother snakedied shortly Tenang-segamatRoad, near Segamat' thereafter, & the farmers released the Johor. Policemenkilled it whenit tried to babiesback to the wild (Lianhe Wanbao, escape after having regurgitated the 25.9.1995: 2, with Piotures). victim's head apparentlyfrightened by the commotion causedbY a crowd of StripedCave Racer onlookers. The snake which weighed Elaphetaeniura about 140 kg & measuredsome 25 cm in Freshlysloughed example of 1'5 m inside diameter was claimed by the Wildlife Gua Telinga, TamanNegara, Pahang on Deparftnent. The specimen,which has 12.12.1995(Subaraj Raj athurai). since been skirured,was estimatedto be 40 yearsofage, & had a squirrelin ElegantBronzeback about ' its gut. Its skin will be mormted& put on D endr e I aphi s for mo s us display(Straits Tlnes,7.9.1995: i8, with 88 cm example behind PaYa Beach photographof python trying to swallow Resort,Pulau Tioman @eterNg et al, man; 8.9.1995:28, 9.9.1995:25; Lianhe 16.9.1995.) Warrbao,9.9.1995: 4); the ButterflY & Reptile Park at Ayer Keroh' Malacca MalayanMountain ReedSnake holds a p1'thon in its collection which Macrocalamus later al is measures7.32 m n lengtl, caughtfrom 19.5 cm example on road to Richmond an rmspecified locality some 3 years House at Fraser's Hill, Pahang on beforeOianhe Warftao,22.9.7995: | &2 5.9.1995(Alvin Wong). with pictures);near Kuala Lipis, Pahanga 5.34 m (35 kg) examPlewas caught Pink-headedReed Snake swallowinga chickenbehind a houseat 5 Calamariaschlegeli a km, Kuala Lipis-RaubRoad, on night of Juvenileof about 12 cm found deadin 19.9.1995(Lianhe Wanbao,22.9.7995: drain along road to Richmond House at (Alvin 2); near Ayer Hitam, Johor 1 about 4 m Fraser'sHill, Pahangon 4.9.1995 - (30 kg) was found behinda house'having Wong) the specimenwas a ruriformdark a devoured6 chickenson 19.9.1995,at grey above& white below, there being about4 am (LianheWanbao, 22.9.1995:. sham line of demarcationbetween the was : 2); 5 m examPle at KamPung Pong two iolours, and the top of the head Selatanin Alor Star,Kedah found shortly notpink. afterit had devoureda pig, on 3.10.1995 (ShaitsTimes, 5.10.1995, with pictue); 7 Speckle.belliedKeelback m specimencaught on 7.10.1995resting Rhabdophischrysargts in a drain in an unspecifiedvillage in Roadkill on Fraser'sHill, Pahangat 1200 Perak,after having swallowed a wild pig - m. in November1995 (kong Tzi Ming). the 180 kg p1'thonwas taken to Taiping Black SpittingCobra foud living in a housein an unspecified Naja sumatrana locality in Johor Bahru, Iohor (Lianhe Dead exampleat Johor Lama, Johor on Wanbao8.8.1995: 9, with picture)- a 35 10.9.1995 (Subaraj Raj athurai). cm examplewas caught& featuredin the accompanyingpicture, ftom where the CloudedMonitor identificationwas made. Varanusnebulostn 1 at Pulau DayangBunting off Langkawi Four-clawedGecko Island, Kedah on 3.1.1995 (Subaraj Gehyramutilata Rajathurai,Shamla Subaraj);1 of about 1 in rest house at PasohForest, Negeri 30 cm in tree hole outsideresthouse at Sembilanon 31.1.1995@obert Teo, Ng Pasoh Forest, Negeri Sembilan on BeeChoo). 29.I.1995@obert Teo er af. Marbled Bent-toedGecko Water Monitor Gonydactyhu qudrivir gatus Varanussalvator 1 along 'Nature Trail" at PasohForest, 2 m, 60 kg examplekilled after it was Negeri Sembilanon 1.2.1995@obert caught devouring a cat near Kamprmg Teo,Lee King LI). Paya,Kuala TerengganqTerengganu on 6.9.1995(Shaits Tirnes, 8.8.1995: 28, BandedBent-toed Gecko with picture). Gonydacty lus consobriruts I in primary forest at Pasoh Forest, lndonesianWorm-lizard Negeri Sembilanon 29.1.1995(Robert Dibamusnovaeguineae Teo). 106 mm (92 mm in snout-ventlength) maleon PulauTioman on 16.9.1995wittr Broad-bandedBent-toed Gecko 23 scalesround midbody, 45 subcaudai Gonydac tylus pul chelhs scales& 221 venaal scalesftom ohin to 3 along Tekek-Juaratrail, Pulau Tioman, anus(Tan Heok Hui & Tan SweeHee). Pahangon nightof 16.9.1995(Lim Liang This is the first record of this genus of Jim); 25 cm examplecaught in a cave at legless, bunowing lizards ftom Pulau Telok BahangForest Reserve, Penang on Tioman & representsthe secondknown 13.I I.1995(Lianhe Wanbao, 15.1 1.1995: individual from PeninsularMalaysia. The I & 2, with pictures). specieswas previouslyrecorded ftom the GuaMusang Area in Kelantanin 1939. Kendall'sRock Gecko Cnemaspiskendalli Black-beardedFlying Dragon I along Tekek-Juaratrail, Pulau Tiomarl Draco melanopogon Pahangon nightof 16.9.1995(Lim Liang 1 at Johor Lama. Johor on 10.9.1995 Jim) - identificationtentative. (SubarajRaj athurai). MalayanFlat-shelled Terrapin Large ForestGecko Notochelysplatynota Gekkosmithii Juvenile with bright yellowish-green Several seen & heard at Pasoh Forest, carapace & bright orange plastron, Negeri Sembilanbetween 29.1.1995 & egg-tooth still visible at the tip of its 2.2.1995(Robert Teo et aI); I heard at snout, carapcelength 6 cm - at foot of Panti Forest Track, Kota Tinggi, Johor, GunungPulai, Johor in August 1995(Tan on 4.4.1995(Lin Kim Chuah,Subaraj Heok Hui er aA. Rajathwai); several large geckoeswere

2'7 Giant StreamToad Frilled Tree Frog Bufo asper Rhacophorwapp endicalatus From Taman Negara, Pahang:3 inside Over 6 recordedin loggedforest at Pasob, Gua Telinga on 12.12.1995& I along Negeri Sembilanon 30.1.1995@obert Srurgai Tahan near Lata Berkoh on Teoet al). 13.12.t995(Subaraj Raj athurai). Cryptic Tree Frog Crab-eatingFrog Thelodermahorridum Ranacancrivora 1 of 4 cm snout-ventlength on April 1 at Delima Resort, Langkawi Island, 1995. on hee trunk at IJlu Kinchin' Kedah on 5.1.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai' Endau-Rompin Park, Pahang (Alvin ShamlaSubaraj). Wong).

Malayan Cricket Frog Brown Bull Frog Rana nicobariensis Kaloula baleata Common at Pasoh Forest, Negeri 1 in ditch within loggedforest at Pasoh, Sembilanbetween 29.1.1995 & 2.2.1995 Negeri Sembilanon 1.2.1995@obert @obertTeo e/ al). Teo,Lee King Li).

CascadeGreenback Black-spottedStickY Frog Ranahosii Kalophry nus p Ie ur o s ti grna 1 inside Gua Telinga, Taman Negara, I in primary forest at Pasoh Forest, Pahang on 12.12.1995 (Subaraj Negeri Sembilanon 29'1.1995@obert Rajathurai). Teo,Lee King Li).

Two-spottedTree Frog Fishes Rhacophorus bipunct ahts Roadkill ftom Fraser'sHill (about 1200 ForestWalking Catfish m asl), Pahangin November1995 (kong Clarias teijsmanni TziMing). A dead one in a fish traP in a sheam at Pasoh Forest, Negeri Sembilan on Jade-greenTree Frog 30.1.1995(Robert Teo er af. Rhacophorwpromianw Roadkill ftom Fraser'sHill (about 1200 KissingGouramy m asl), Pahangin November1995 (Leong Helostomatemminckii TziMing). 2 in a pond at Pasoh Fores! Negeri Sembilanon 30.1.1995(Robert Teo, I,ee Wallace'sFlying Frog King Li). Rhacophorwnigr oPalmatus I on soft earthalong forest aail at Awana Cormtry Resort, Genting Higtrlands' BORNEO Pahangon 10.10.1995@obert Teo). Mammals Reinwardt'sTree Frog Rhacophorusreinw ar dti LesserGymnure A pair in amplexuson soft earth along Hylomyssuillus forest trail at Awana Country Resort' 1 in gardenwith the fakeRafilesia bloom Genting Higtrlands, Pahang on at Kinabalu Park, Sabahon 21.1.1995 10.1 0. I 995@obert Teo). (Kelvin Lim).

28 Prevost'sSquirrel MalayanHorned Frog Cal I osciurus prevostii pluto Megophrysnasuta 1 falling from treecanopy after apparently missing a branch,& landingon the forest BorneanGiant River Toad floorwith a loud'thud,,on 21.1.1995,at Bufojuxtasper PoringHot Springs,Kjnabalu Park, Sabah - the squirrel did not seemto be hurt & Ilole.in-the-head Frog quickly climbed up the nearesttree trunk Huia cavitympanum a few secondsafter fall (Kelvin Lim). SabahTorrent Frog SpermWhale Meri st o ge nys orp hno m emis Phys e ter macrocephahts 17 m individual stranded& died on Matu Kuhl's CreekFrog Daro Beach near Kuching, Sarawakon Limnonecteskuhlii 28.9.1995. The SarawakMuseum had Commonin ditch outsideold hostel. plans to preserve its skeleton (shaits Times,4.10.1995: 20, with picture). SpottedStream Frog Ranasignata Ilerpetofauna Black-spottedSticky Frog ReticulatedP5rthon Kalo p hrynusp Ieur o s t i gm a Pythonreticulahr A motorcyclist tripped over a python of PotholeNarrow-mouthed Frog over 7 m in outskirtsof Sibu, Sarawakat Microhylapetrigena about2000 hrs, in September1995. He 2 from forest floor near end of canoov sought help ftom his village nearby, & walkway. retumedto find the python coiled round the vehicle, damaging it with its - constriction it was shot in the head. It INDOITIESIA: SUMATRA. RIAU. weighed over 100 kg (Lianhe Wanbao, PI]LAUBINTAN 25.9.1995:I & 2, with pictures). Mammals Following records from Poring Hot Springs, Kinabalu Park, Sabahfiom 18 LesserSheath-tailed Bat to 2l .1.1995(Kelvin Lim eraI): Emballomtramonticola 2 detected near Tanjung Tondang on White.spottedCat Snake 25.3.1995 (Shirley Pottie). Boiga drapiezii I of about I m neal the restaurant. LesserFalse Vampire Megadermaspastna Twin-barred Tree Snake Femalenetted near Tanjung Tondangon Chrysopeleapelias 25.3.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai ef aI). I ofabout 60 cm nearcanopy walkway. SlowLoris Kinabalu Bent-toedGecko Nycticebuscotrcang Gonydactylwbaluensis Captive example seen at village near Tanjmg Sambangon 10.6.1995(Subaraj Lowland Large.eyedLitter Frog Rajathuraier af. Leptobrachiumabbotti

29 BandedLeaf Monkey ParadiseTree Snake Presbytisfemoralis Chrysopeleaparadisi 2 at opposite old gambier mill along 45 cm examplenear Tanjung Tondatrg on easlwest trunk road on 26.4.1995 26.3.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai et al). (SubarajRaj athurai). Black SpittingCobra Malaysian Wood Rat Naja sumatrana Rattltstiomanias 1 kept in cage at CMO on 23 'll '1994 1 trappednear Tanjrmg said on 8.11.1995 (SubarajRajathurai); roadkill enrouteto 6fieu fim Sen, Subaraj Rajathurai); 1 Tanjrmg Said on 7.11.1995 (Subaraj trapped near road to Pasir Lagoi on Rajathuraie/ al). 9.11.1995(IGeuKim Sen, Ng BeeChoo). CloudedMonitor Ricefield Mouse Yaranrnnebulostts Mtn caroli I at BanyanTree Resortat Tanjung Saic t happed in gassland I km from on20.11.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai). Tanjung Said on 8.11.1995 (Subaraj Rajathuraief a/) - possiblyBintan's fust Spiny Terrapin record. HeosemYssPinosa 1 alongtrack, I km from TanjrmgSaid on Three-stripedPalm Civet 8.11.1995(Subaraj Rajathurai e/ aI)' Ar ctogalidia trivir gata I nearroad to PasirLagoi on 8.11.1995 Black-eyedLitter Frog (KieuKirn Sen). Leptobrachiumnigrops t heardnear east-west road on 7.11.1995 Oriental Small-clawedOtter (SubarajRajathurai). Amblonyxcinereus i at rocky headlandon north-westcomer of TanjungTondang on 26.3.1995(David Fitzsimons);tracks of one on beachfront of mangrovesnear Tanjung Tondangon 26.3.1995 (Ng Bee Choo, Subaraj Rajathurai).

Ilerpetofauna

SunbeamSnake Xenopeltisunicolor Roadkill at Pasir Lagoi on 9.11.1995 (SubarajRajathurai, Shamla Subaraj).

MalayanRacer Elapheflavolineata Juvenilecaught & releasedon 4.3.1995 (Subaraj Rajathurai et aI) at Tanjug Tondans.

30 NEW SOUTHEASTASIAN YERTEBRATESDESCRIBED

Vu Quang Ox or Saola Pseudoryxnghetinhewis Dvng et al,1993 This exciting discoverywas madein northemvietnam on the forest cordillera along the Lao-Vietram border,in 1992. A memberof the mammalianorder Bovidae,this anima- resemblesan antelopewith very long, almost straighthoms which are alrnostcircular in cross-section.The body is reddish-brownwith bold markingsof black & white, a blackish brown narrow stripe down the middle of the back to the tail. There are whitish to buff stripesabove & below the eye,white pattemson side of face,chin, & throat,& white sock markingson the limbs abovethe small hoofs. Total length tom noseto anus2 meffes, shoulderheight about 0.9 metre.

Little is known of the habits of this animal. The vu euang ox lives in montaneforest dominatedby conifers & lowland evergreendipterocarp forest. Apparently a browsing herbivorethat keepsto the highlandsin summer,it descendsto the low areasin winter when the upland streamsbecome dry. It is said to travel in groupsof two to seven. The Vu Quang Ox is also recordedftom Laos, & has been listed in CITES Appendix I since November,1994.

References: Dmg, V. V., ciao, P. M., Chinh N. N., Touc, D., Arctander,p. & J. MacKLmo& 1993.Discovery of a new bovid from Vietnam.Nature. 363: 443-445.

Dung,V. V.. Giao,P. M., Chinll N. N., Tow, D. & J. MacKiruron,1994. Discovery & corservationof rhe vu quangox in Vietnam.Oryx.28 (1): 16-21.

Schaller,G. B. & A. Rabinowie, 1995.The saolaor spindlehomboid pseudo4a nghetinhensisn Laos. Oryx.29Q\:101-114.

A SURVEY OF TIIE VERTEBRATE F'AIJNAOF PULAU UBIN. SINGAPORE

R. Subamj VeterbrateStudy Group, Nature Society(Singapore)

INTRODUCTION

In 1993,an island-widebird surveyofPulau lJbin wasinitiated by the NanlreSociety (Singapore) Bird Group. In conjunctionwith this Foject, a studyofthe rest ofthe vertebratefuinu oftbat islandwas also carriedout. This project wasrmdertaken by interestedmembers ofthe NahIe Society,and uas co-ordinatedby Yeo Suay Hwee and myseli The project broughttogether many membersuiro were int€restedin mammals,reptiles, amphibiansand fis[ aswell asbirds.

The vertebratestudy of Pulau Ubin was carried out betweenApril and Novernber,1993, with four night sessiorsand several day visits. Datacollected from thesevisits arepresented in this repo4 alongwith records gatheredoutside of the surveyperiod. The noctumalsessiors were conductedin four zonesof the islan4 namelythe southeastemzone (Kamprmg Melayu), the nortlrcastemzone (SrurgeiBesar/Kampung Noordin), the southwestemzone (Bukit Tinggi) andthe northwestem zone (Bukit Tajam).

Due to the experimentalapproach with surveymethods and the shortperiod ofsnrdy, the findingsofthis report shouldbe consideredhighly prelirninary.The term'lertebrate" in usehere does not includebtdife. METIIODS & MATERIAI-S

During this project, the methodoloryhas been alteredtirne and againto maximiseits effectiveness,despite manpowerand time constaints. Therefore,the resultsgathered are by no meanscomplete. Despitethe matry shortcomings,the methodsthat wereemployed have proven sucressfi.rl to someerdent, and this hasresulted in someinteresting findings.

The generalsurvey methodolory is composedofthe following:

NoctumalsurveY

PulaulJbin wasdivided into zones,but dueto time restrictioDs,only four areaswere covered at nighl Eachof thesewere surveyedduring one overnight session. These were held on ureekends,Aom 1700 hrs on Saturdays to 0900bls on Sundaymomings. The choiceofsurvey siteswas based on pdor lnowledge ofthe island recce trips during day-timebird suwe1,s,a@essibility ar]d the presenceof qualityhabitat. Drning eachnight survey, severaltechniques wEre deployed by ourmembers. These are:

A l!fist-netting- Mst nets w€re.€rected by du.skat two to tbreepre-selected spots. Both low and high nets wereused Netsw€re left op€ntlmughout the night andregularly checked- Captires u€re carefullypocessed andidentified before release.

B. Small mammaltrapping - Sev€nto 16 small trapswe.re s€t 4/ong one to two hansects,and baitedwith a varietyoffood (e.g.banan4 papay4 mango, alried fislr cuttlefish). The trapsw€re left baitedand open tiuough the nigh! andchecked the following moming. Captureswere identified and released

C. Transectsurvey - One or two iixed routesofup to tlvo kilometreswEre surv€yed twic€ during the nighl Strongtorches we.re used for spot-lighting.Animals observed or treard €renoted.

D. Casualslrvey - During fhe night, all animalsthat wEreencoufered within the zoneoccupied by our field workerswhether during their own personalexplorations or while rranningmist nets,were also noted

E. Other methods- Chickenbones were laid out on two nochrmalsun'eys to attractanimal tife. Fishingwas carriedout on oneniglr survey.

Diurnal survev

All othervertebrates encountered during the day-timebirding sessions\r,€r€ noted.

Roadki.llsurvev

The roadsand tracks of PulauUbin weresurveyed by memberson mountainbicycles for roadkills, especially ofsnakes. Mr. RaeHiscock kindly conributedmany ofthese roadkill records.

Additional visits

As pulau Ubin is regularlyvisited by membersof the Nature Society,many records have been obtained over theyears. Theseadditional data are included here.

TIIE RESULTS

Excludingbirdlife, 63 ved€brat€species bave been recorded thus far. This includeslJ mammal5,f,$ rcptiles, 7 amphibiars and 21 fishes. Many more are expectedto occur, especiallythe marine fishes. The few interestingrecords from the island seemto reflect on the importanceof mangrove,secondary woodland and rural countryhabitats for vertebratelife. One speciesof bat was rediscoveredin Singaporeafter 70 years,while the presenceof three qrecies of forest-dependantsnakes se€m to reflecton the fairly recentloss of ninforest on pulauUbin.

Mammals:15 mammalianspecies have been recorded on PulauUbin The most excitingthus far seernsto be the Long-tonguedNe crfr Bat (Mqqoglossusminimus ). Threeindividuals were mist-netted on two ofthe four night sessions.The last reliablerecord of this speciesin Singaporeis of a specimencollected at Bukit Timah in I 923 (specimenat the ZoologicalReference Collection of the NationalUniversity of Singapore).A male was caught at the Kamprng Melayu rrangroveson 8 April 1993, while a fernale and anothermale were obtainedat the baseofBukit Tajamat predarn hourson l2 September1993.

The Malayan Flying Fox (Pteropusvampy'us ), possiblythe world's largestsurviving bat, appearsto be a regular visitor frorn Malaysia- It is especiallyvisible in the durian orchardswhen the tees are in flower. Despiteits importanceto local fruit tree pollinatio4 it is often huntedfor its meal Five other speciesof bats arealso recorded on PulauUbin.

Other locally tbreatenedmammal species that havebeen recorded from h;lau Ubin arethe Malalur pangolin (Mqnisjavanica ), the cornmonPalrn civet (paradmurus hernaphrodinu) Nrd.the wilcl pig (srzrscza/a ). While the pangolin has only beenreported once, the civet appearsto be an uncommonresident there. The WiId Pig appearsto havere-colonised Pulau Ubin fron Johora few yearsago, and at the time of the survey, seemsto be restrictedto the eastfii halfofthe island,where there was an estimated50 individuals.

The Asian Elqtnnt (Elephosnaximus ) deservesmention, for a memberof this intemationallyendangered speciesvisited the island a few yearsago by swimmingaooss the JohorsFaits from Johor. It was probably forcedto do so by deforestation.This animalwas immediately captured and sent back to Malaysia.

Reptiles:Eleven species of snakes,eight speciesof lizardsand onespecies of crocodilemake up the diversity ofreptiles recordedfrom PulauUbin so far. Five oftheseappear to be threatenedlocally.

Three of thesetbreatened reptiles are snakes,namely the Twin-barredrree snake(chrysopetea pelias ), the Keel-belLiedWlfp Snake(Dryophiops rubesceru), and the Dog+oothedCat Snake(Boiga cynodon)- T\q have all been recordedonly once from Pulau Ubin. However,even onceis most surprisingfor thesethree speciesas they appearto be forestdependant animals, and that thereis probablyno longerany original forest left on the island. Thesesnakes have probably adapted to tife in woodlandor rural countryhabitats. Eight othersnakes have also been recorded, oflltrich sevenare considered cornmon in Singapore.The lastone is the Marbled sea snake(Aipysurus eydotxii ), of utrich one specimenuas washedashore at KarnpungBabru in 1990. of the eight lizards recorded five are very common. of the remainingtbree, the Green crested Lizard (Bronchocoelqcristatel/a ) appearsto be decliningin mrmberslocally, apparentlydue to competitionfrom the introducedChangeable Lizard. (Calotes versieolor ). The final two aregeckos, and the occurenceof eitheron Pulau tJbin are not confirmed. The Tokay Qe*o (Gekkogecko ) is very rare, and its presentstatu in Singaporeis quite unlcrowq wtrile the Maritime Gecko(Lepidodactylus lugubris ) hasnot beensatisfactorily identified.

The EstuarineCrocodile (Crocodyhts porosas ) hasbeen recorded with certaintyonce, from the northwestem coastofPulau Ubin. Humanpersecution has very likely causedits presentscarcity.

Amphibiars: All the sevenamphibian species recorded on PulauUbin adaptreadily to dishrbed habitats,and areall consideredcommon in Singapore.

Fishes:The 21 speciesoffish recordedtlus far representmerely a tiny fraction of the acnraldiversity wtrich occursin the strean drainagesand coastaiwaters of PulaulJbin. The Whitespot(lplo cheiluspanchu ) and the Pygny Halfbeak(Dermogenys pusilla ) are commonin streams,and two intoduced species,the Tilapia (Oreochromismossambicus ) and.theMolly(Poecilia sphenops ) arealso formd in pondsand quarry pools.

JJ DISCUSSION

This surveyhas provided us with an i'nportantintroduction to the vertebratefaura ofpulau Ubin. It has siven us a betterunderstanding ofthe island'svertebrate farma diversity, and more importantly, of particutarwiidlife habitatsthere. While this understandingis by no meanscomplete, it doesprovide us with a fairly goodbasis to identify the importantwildlife areason PulauUbir! and€mphasize their conservationvalue.

From this project, it is found that the important wildtife habitatson Pulau lJbin are the mangroves,the woodlandsand somenrral areas.Together, they suppodnearly all the recordedland vertebrates on t}e island.

The most importantnvmgrove areas on Pulauubin are to be found at SungeiBesar, Kampung Melayu and Sugei Asam. Theseareas suppod a host of animals\a,hich are dependant on tle mangro"ehaUitag lnctuaing the Long-tonguedNectar BaL

Importantwoodland areas include those surrouding KampungMelayu andKampung NoordfuL as well as the hitls ofBukit Tajamand Bukit Tinggi. The formertuo woodlandhost the smallpopulation of Wild pig on the island. The woodlandsalso supporta mriety of other animalsincluding a fewforest-specificrp""i"i *hi"h seemto have survivedthe loss of original forestcov€r. The Twin-barredTre€ Snake,the Keel-belliedWhio Snakeand the Dog-toothedCat Snakeare examples.

The rural landscapecovers much of Pulau Ubiru and of the various types of agriculturalareas, the fiuit orchardsappear to supportthe largestvariety of wilcllife. Theseinclude the MalayanFlying Fox and the CommonPaln Civet. More maturefruit orchardswere to be found aroundthe nortlremand central sectors, as well asKampung Melay:.

Ten speciesof the vertebratefauna on Pulau Ubin including five mammalsand five reptiles are considered locally threatenedwith extinction in Singapore. Of these,the Long-tonguedNectar Bat is presentlyknown only from PulauUbin, *trile Singapore'sWild Pig populationis confrmed to resideonly orPulau Ubin an6 ne3rbyPulau Tekong. The Wild Pig is Singapore'slargest resident land manunal. It is imlor6n! therefore,tc preservesumcient areas of eachof thesetbree habitat qpes to ensurethe continuedsurvival of the locally threatenedanimals found on PulauUbin.

CONCLUSION

Future surveysof Pulau ubin are bound to reveal more about her vertebratefuuna. However,on present recordsalone, it is clearthat someofthe moremature habitats on the islandneed to be preservedand protected asreserve areas.

Besidesthe survivalofthe residentspecies, the preservationofkey areason the islandprovides a sanctuaryfor visitor specieslike the MalayanFlying Fox. PulauTekong and PulauUbin areor:r last nahrt.allinkages to the core area:iof Peninsr.rlarMalaysi4 &om where someof Singapore'sextinct faunamay still retum nahrrally. The Wild Pig is a very good exampleof a once locally extinct mammalthat has successfullyrecolonised Singapore.

It is, therefore,hoped that despitethe future developmentplans drawn up for Pulaullbi4 sufficient areasof thosekey habitatsdiscussed here will be setand aside, and preserved for the island'swildlife.

t ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to re.ord my sincerethanls to eachand every memberof the Naflre Societywho helpedin the noctumalsurveys on Pulauubin They includeYeo suay Hwee,Lee King Li, shirley pottie, RobertTeo, Ng Bee Choo,Alan OwYong, Kelvin Lim, Sutari $pari, Rae Hiscoclq RuthieHiscoch Tay Joe Boy, Lyndon Thomas,Felix Wong, Fong CheeWai, Taib Ali, Fauziab L],ndon Can, Ho Hua CheW Owyong Sue Lin, Al&ed Chi4 KennethKee, KarcI! AIi, James,Benjamin Lee, Clive Britrett, Ong Eng Eng, Cirrdy Leong, MaggieChong, Richard Frazieq Robert Frazier, Calum, Derek, Craig, Lisa, Lim Kim Keangand Sunry yeo. Thanksto Lt. Col. WinstonLim andthe OutqardBound School for atlowingthe useof their premisesfor our third noctumalsurvey. And ftially, to thosewtro suppliedadditional records Aom PulauUbin to aid in this study.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES RECORDED FROM PIJLAU T'BIN

* - - dependanton woodlandhabitat, # dependanton mangrovehabitat, @ - dependanton at leastrual county senings,R-resident,V-visitor,c-commo4u-rmcommon,s-scarce,+-consider€datbreatenedqeciesin Singapore,? - presenceunconfirmed. The statusof the animalsmentined here arc applicableonly to the populatiorson PulauUbin.

Mammals l. MalayanFlying Fox Pteropusyamryrus +uV 2. Short-nosedFruit Bat Cynoptenrs brachyotis CR 3. Long-tonguedNectar Bat Macroglossus minimus +#sR 4. PouchedTomb Bat Taphozoussaccolaimus CR 5. Grey Large-footedBat Myotk adversus UR 6. Pipistrelle Prprsrrel/as Sbirley Pottie. UR 7. Yellow HouseBat Scotophilus kuhlii CR 8. Long-tailedMacaque Macaca fascianlmis UR 9. MalayanPangolin Manis javqnica +tsR 10. PlantainSquinel Callosciurus notatus SR lt. HouseRat Rattus rdttus CR 12. MalaysianWood Rat Rattus tiomaniqls ?uR 13. CommonPaln Civet P oradoxurzs hermaphrodinu +@5R t4. Asian Elephant Elephas maximus 15. wild Pig Susscrofa l-*#uR

Ijnrecorded. but exoected to occur:

HouseShrew Sunau murinus WhiskeredBat Myotis muricolq PolynesianRat Rattus erulans

Reptiles l. ReticulatedBthon - Python reti&latus CR *@uR 2. CommonMalayan Racer - Elaphe flavolineata 3. PaintedBronzeback Dendrelaphis pictus CR 4. ParadiseTree Snake Chrysopeleapmadisi CR 5. Twin-barredTree Snake Chrysopeleapelias +*sR 6. OrientalWhip Snake Ahaetulla prasina cR 7. Keel-belliedWhip Snake Dryophiops rubescens +*sR 8. Dog-toothedCat Snake Boiga cynodon +*sR 9. Dog-facedWater Snake Cerberus rynchops cR 10. Black SpittingCobra Nqjq sumatrana CR 11. Marbled SeaSnake Aipysurus eydouxii SR 12. MalayanWater Monitor I/aranus salvator cR 13. GreenCrested Lizard Bronchocoel a cris t at ell a +uR 14. ChangeableLizard Calotes versicolor UR 15. CornmonFlying Dragon Draco volans CR t6. Tokay Gecko Gekko gecko ?+sR 17. CornmonHouse Gecko Hemidactylusfrenatus CR 18. Flat-tailedGecko Cosymbotesplatyurus CR

35 19. Maritime Gecko Lepidodactyluslugubris ?sR 20. EstuarineCrocodile Crocodylusporosus +#sR

Amphibians

l. Asian Toad Bufo melanostichts cR 2. Crab-eatingFrog Ranqcancrivora CR 3, CommonGreenback Ranaerythraea CR 4. FieldFrog Ranalimnocharis CR 5. CommonTree Frog Polypedatesleucomystax cR 6. BandedBullFrog Kaloulapulchra CR 7. Dark-sidedChons Frog Miuolryla heymonsi

Uffecorded,but expectedto occur:

PaintedChorus Frog Microlryla butleri

Fishesofthe shorernd str€amdrainag€s (preliminarylist compiledby Kelvin Lim & R Subaraj)

MangroveMoray Eel Gymnothoraxtile MangroveSrrake Eel Pisodonophisboro Marine CatEsh Arius sp. Eel Catfish Plotxus canius PygrnyHalfbeak Dermogenyspusilla EstuarineHalfbeak Zeno'chopterusbufonis Garfish Strongiura q. whitespot Aplocheiluspanchm CommonMolly Poeciliasphenops JavarreseRicefish Oryziasjavonia$ Crey Mullet fanily Mugilidae,garus not identified Kops'Glassfish Ambatsiskopsi HighfinGlassfish Ambossis nerrupta CopperbandButterflyfish Chelmonrostratus Barded Archerfish Toxotesjaatlqtrix CommonTilapia Oreochromismossombictu SnakeheadGudgeon Ophiocaraporocephala Knight Goby Stigmatogobiussadanundio JavaneseFatnose Goby Pseudogobiusjavanians Giant Mudskipper Periophthalmodonschlosseri GoldspottedMudskipper Periophthalmuschrysospilos

36 neighbourhood where, when they got accostedby cats or people, make their ICK presenceknown to everyoneelse by their exhemelyloud alann shriek I sometimes had glimpsesof them snufling aboutthe edgesof drainsor amongfallen leaveson the HDB lawns,usually in semi-darkness. Once, I even saw one sneakinto a shoP ACK houseat Clementi.

KelvinLim The local Chinesecall the House Shrew the "Cbni Cher" (Hol:kien) or "Cian SrJ' OneFriday, I cameto know that someone (Mandalin). Thesetranslate as "Money was donating a mole to our museum. Mouse". I've not figrued why anyone Mole? But molesdon't exist in Singapore. would want to associatethis oreatuewith The nearestplace where moles could be wealth and fortune. It appearsto be a found is at Cameron Highlands in popularChinese belief that onehas to be Malaysia. I figured that a shrew is well off to have mice in their house. possibly the closestthing that would be Would a poor family leave uneatenfood mistakenfor a mole. That wasn't a tough aroundto athactthese rodents? But then guess. again,shrews are not rodents. They have a row of small, sharpteeth, and lack the

Our shrew originated from a certain enlarged incisor teeth that ale lady's garden at Pasir PanjangHill. ft characteristicof mice andrats. was a cornmon House Shrew, scientifically known as Suncasmurimu. This animal is abrmdantthrouglrout Asia The shrewwas left in a small pet box for where it characteristicallylives in and the night. It had lookedmiserable, and it abouthuman habitations. stank! I had wantedto freezei! but my colleaguesaid he would ratherkeep it asa pet. I told him that it probablyneeds to be Before this, my encounterswith House fed everyday, is probably vicious in Shrewshad been of the exffemely brief temperament,and could even die of kind. They were common in mY fright. It was a Saturday. My colleague left a dish of fish pellets and a large vial before the flash went off. Twice it of drinking water for his new chargeover happened,and we decided to leave it the weekend. Come Monday,the shrew alone. provedme wrong by stayingalive.

We constructed a large pipe out of When disturbed,the shrew shriekedand cardboardpaper, and Ick took instantlyto discharged this strong musky odour. it for conceaknent. This also made Another colleague said the alarm call maintenanceeasier, as all we neededto do somds like "ick!". This was how Ick eot was to lift the pipe out with the shrew its name. Ick movedinto a five-gali-on inside and leave this temporarily in plastic tank with a layerof wood shavings anothercontainer while the soiled wood lining the floor. shavingswere being replacedwith fiesh ones.

With this captive animal, I finally had a good look at a HouseShtew. To me, the About a month later, the lady, who gave most interesfingaspect of this mouse-like us Ick, calledagain and left a messagefor mammal is perhaps its quaint, long, one of us to collect another.,mole" from flexible snout that twirled this way and her houseat PasirPanjang. Strangely, she that as it investigates its immediate refusedto revealher nameand telephone surroundings. Small, 6sady eyes; soft, number. Shecomplained that the ..moles', short, grey fir; short limbs and a were making condominiumsin her home, rubbery-lookingtail also characterizethe and offeredto trap more of theseanimals animal. I thoughtthe whole combination for us. We told her to stop. gives the shrew a iather sinister appeamnce,but my colleaguesthought it wascute. I decided to name our new acquisition Ack. I\{y colleaguehad wantedto keep Ack and Ick together,to keep eachother My friend Alvin has the immenselygood company. However,I cautionedhim that fortune of observinga mothershrew with they rnight fight. I think he gaveup that her brood at the NUS Kent Ridgecampus ideaofhis later,and decided to keepthem next to a bus stop,one rainy evening. To apartafter all. Ack washoused in another ensurethat the family does not become five-gallonplastic tank. separated,the mothershrew literally tows her babiesabout like a little frury ftain. The first baby hangsonto its mother by I've alwaysassumed that sinceshrews are Cnpping her hindquarterswith its teeth, insectivores (they belong in the order and the subsequentbabies do the sameto Insectivora),they shouldadhere to eating the sibling in front. insectsand perhaps,other small animals. So at frst I purchasedcrickets to feed lck. But Yeo had alreadyleft piecesofbiscuits A coupleofdays later,Francis came by to and bread in the tank, and these have photographa coupleof snakes.I askedif disappearedovemight. Later, Yeo even he might aswell shootthe shrew. Francis successfullyfed his shrewswith tropical obliged readily and set aboutfocusing his fish pellets. To makesure they aregetting lens on Ick wanderingabout on the wood enough protein, I bought several small shavings. However,Ick was so sensitive cans of gourmet cat food which the to t}te noise made by the camer4 that it shrewsseem to relish. leapt aboutsix incheshigh in the air even

38 When feedingcrickets to the shrews,we My colleaguesaid he even bathed the tend to stiok around and observefor a shrewssometimes by lettingthem wade in while. I've seenIck emergeftom its tube a containerof water,while he oleanedthe and went straight for the kill. Although cages. Ick even proved to be a hygenic the eyes are small, they can detect shrew. It defaecatedonly in one comerof movementby sight. ShouldIck be buried its cage. All we neededto do wasto place in wood shavings,the cricketwill only be sheetsof newspaperin that comer, and takenif it shouldwander over lck's snout. simply remove the soiled layen. Aclg I've yet to seea shrewnotic,e a cricket by however, continued to do its business smell, although I suspecttheir senseof everywhete. smell shouldbe pretty good. Ick crunohes the cricket in its jaws before swallowing the insectwhole. It had been aknost two months, and the shrewswere still alive. My colleaguesaid he could leave them to wander on the One day, I saw my colleaguePut his toilet floor dwing cagecleaning sessions. finger before the sbrew. I was aftaid to All he did laterwas to placethe cardboard look on as I had this uncomfortable pipe in ftont of the shrew, who then feeling that it might bite, but it didn't. readilyentered. He then lifted up the pipe Although its movementswere deliberate andtransfened it to the cage. I wondered and jerky, it just touchedthe finger and if therewould comea day when he could retreated,and went sniffng, sniffing. It train his shrewsto respondto their names. did not utter its alarm cry. Perhapsit had But then qgoin,he apparentlydidn't give cometo associatehis handwith food" and them names, and unless he reads this had somehowbecome docile. Talk about article,know ofthe narnesI gaveto them. taming of the shrew! My assumptionthat shrewswere predatoryanimals does not seen to apply to the House Shrew. Which is probablywhy it could adaptto the urban environmen! and also why it could easilybe caughtin mousetraps'

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