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Textos Escogidos De La Reforma Radical TEXTOS ESCOGIDOS DE LA REFORMA RADICAL Textos escogidos de la Reforma radical John Howard Yoder Copilador Biblioteca Menno Biblioteca Menno Secretaría de AMyHCE www.menonitas.org Tradujeron al castellano: Nélida M. de Machain y Ernesto Suárez Vilela Corrigieron el estilo: Marcelo Sztrum y Gloria Pampillo © 1976 Asociación Editorial La Aurora © 2016 Anne Marie Yoder ISBN: 978-1530308095 Imagen de portada: Persecución de anabaptistas en Suiza. Grabado de Jan Luiken (1685) De las ilustraciones del martirologio menonita Het Bloedig Tooneel Contenido Prefacio 7 Prólogo a la edición de Biblioteca Menno 9 Introducción general 11 Apéndice a la introducción general: Las etapas de la historiografía de la Reforma radical del siglo XVI 39 1. Que no debe haber mendigos entre los cristianos (Andrés Carlstadt) 47 2. Si hay que proceder paulatinamente (Andrés Carlstadt) 59 Anexo: Del tercer orden del culto (Martín Lutero) 82 3. De la usura (Jacobo Strauss) 85 4. Sermón ante los príncipes (Thomas Müntzer) 91 5. Cartas de Thomas Müntzer 113 6. Cartas a Thomas Müntzer (Conrad Grebel) 123 7. Los comienzos anabaptistas en Zúrich 137 8. «Unión fraternal» de Schleitheim (Michael Sattler) 145 Anexo: Reglas de orden congregacional 157 9. El martirio de Michael Sattler 159 10. Suma de la vida cristiana (Balthasar Hubmaier) 167 11. De la amonestación fraterna (Balthasar Hubmaier) 175 12. Lo que se pretende que digan las Escrituras (Hans Denck) 189 13. Los siete artículos de Worms (Jacobo Kautz) 213 14. Cuán preciosa es la muerte de los santos (Leonhard Schiemer) 217 15. Llamamiento a la tolerancia dirigido al Concejo Municipal de Estrasburgo (Leupolt Scharmschlager) 223 6 Textos escogidos de la Reforma Radical 16. Del fruto quíntuple del arrepentimiento (Pilgram Marbeck) 233 17. De la verdadera comunión de los santos (Ulrich Stadler) 245 18. Crónica hutteriana a. Ordenamiento de la comunidad 255 b. Carta de Jacobo Hutter 263 c. La edad de oro 271 19. Al rey (Melchior Hoffmann) 283 20. Confesiones (Obbe Philips) 293 21. Carta a su hijo Isaías (Anneken de Jans) 313 22. Algunos escritos representativos (Menno Simons) 319 a. Apología, conversión, llamamiento y testimonio 321 b. Algunas preguntas y respuestas sobre disciplina eclesiástica 330 c. Una patética súplica a todos los magistrados (1552) 340 d. La cruz de los santos, excusas de los perseguidores 348 e. Las bendiciones de llevar la cruz 363 f. Promesas para aquellos que llevan la cruz 371 23. De la Iglesia (Dirk Philips) 375 24. Diferencias y Reflexión (Gaspar von Schwenckfeld) 407 a. Diferencias con los predicadores 409 b. Reflexión sobre la conciencia 412 25. Tres escritos representativos (Sebastián Franck) 419 a. Prólogo a la crónica de los herejes romanos 421 b. Carta de Franck a Johannes Campanus 430 c. Sobre cuatro iglesias en discordia 440 Índice alfabético de nombres propios (históricos y bíblicos) 443 Índice alfabético de obras citadas y de textos incluidos 451 Prefacio Varias razones convergen para hacer necesaria y oportuna la publicación en español de esta colección de textos originales de la llamada «Reforma Radical» del siglo XVI. Por una parte, está el hecho de que el protestantismo latinoamericano tiene, en varios sentidos, una marcada afinidad, cuando no una vinculación histórica directa o indirecta (menonitas y bautistas, por ejemplo) con aquel movimiento. Nuestro protestantismo fue formado por iglesias no establecidas, que nacieron en nuestro suelo en medio del conflicto y la persecución, que tienen frecuentemente organización congregacional y se reúnen en torno a una confesión personal por adultos; ellas encontrarán en las características sociológicas y en los énfasis teológicos de los movimientos radicales del siglo XVI un rico material de reflexión para precisar su propia identidad. Por otra parte, el cristianismo latinoamericano se ve enfrentado hoy, sin distinciones confesionales, a la problemática del cambio social, la crisis de un sistema y la necesidad de proclamar y vivir la fe en medio de los dolores de un penoso tránsito. En la Europa del norte del siglo XVI, la cristiandad conoció un trance análogo, y la Reforma Radical gestó en él una serie de respuestas que, aunque diversas entre sí tanto en su teología como en su praxis social, tienen una cierta coherencia renovadora con significativas lecciones para nuestro presente. Finalmente, y precisamente en esta situación, los textos de la Reforma Radical pueden tener un potencial fecundante para la renovación teológica que se ha iniciado en nuestro continente. Por estas razones, la Asociación de Seminarios e Instituciones Teológicas (ASIT) creyó oportuno incluir en la Serie Teológica Mayor de su colección de textos esta selección crítica de algunos de los documentos más importantes y significativos de la Reforma Radical. Coincidió afortunadamente esta intención con la presencia en nuestro medio del destacado especialista, profesor John Howard Yoder que se brindó enteramente a la realización de este proyecto, tanto en la selección de los 8 Textos escogidos de la Reforma Radical textos, como en la supervisión de su difícil traducción, la preparación de una enjundiosa Introducción general y las introducciones a los distintos textos. Este material hace del libro, no sólo un valioso texto de lectura sino una edición crítica indispensable para la investigación del tema. Cabe expresar, además, la gratitud de ASIT a las iglesias menonitas de Estados Unidos y Holanda cuyo apoyo financiero ha hecho posible esta producción. En la Europa del siglo XVI una serie de cristianos sensibles a su tiempo y a su pueblo, movidos desde el interior de su fe, nos brindaron estos testimonios. Un historiador contemporáneo, comprometido en esta misma herencia, nos permite ubicarlos hoy históricamente. Pero el círculo del significado sólo se completará con una lectura latinoamericana de estos textos, a saber, una lectura desde la crisis de nuestra propia historia y la vivencia y el compromiso de nuestra propia fe. En la esperanza de que ese verdadero «testimonio» advenga, ofrecemos esta obra. José Míguez Bonino Secretario Ejecutivo de ASIT Agradecimientos Debemos nuestro más profundo agradecimiento a la señora Nélida M. de Machain, a cuyo cargo estuvo la traducción de los textos del alemán. Fue esta una tarea rodeada de serias dificultades, particularmente debido al carácter poco clásico del lenguaje de varios de los escritores. El pastor Ernesto Suárez Vilela, por su parte, tradujo los textos, originalmente holandeses, que nos fueron accesibles sólo en inglés; además asumió la mayor parte de la responsabilidad de corregir el castellano en todas las notas e introducciones, así como la revisión total del manuscrito antes de su entrega a la imprenta. El doctor Heinold Fast nos hizo valiosas sugerencias en cuestiones de interpretación. A su vez, los bibliotecarios señorita Amanda Casas y señor Miguel Suplikievitz, del Instituto Superior de Estudios Teológicos de Buenos Aires, nos prestaron siempre su colaboración. Agradecemos finalmente a los directivos de la Asociación Sudamericana de Instituciones Teológicas (ASIT), pastor Emilio Castro y doctor José Míguez Bonino, su invitación a encargarnos de preparar la presente colección. J. H. Y. Prólogo a la edición de Biblioteca Menno Desde Biblioteca Menno estamos procurando promover la literatura cristiana que nace en el seno de nuestras comunidades «anabautistas, menonitas, Hermanos en Cristo» y afines. Nuestro arraigo común es el movimiento anabaptista del siglo XVI, situado dentro de lo que el presente libro llama Reforma radical. Para cierto nivel de investigación sobre los inicios del movimiento anabaptista, siempre será necesario un conocimiento adecuado de diferentes variantes regionales del alemán de finales del medioevo, y el flamenco, holandés y frisón de aquella misma era. El movimiento anabaptista sucedió en el siglo XVI en una franja que cruzaría el centro de Europa desde Suiza al sur, hasta la costa entre Flandes y el oeste de Polonia, al norte. Los protagonistas del anabaptismo solían pensar, comunicarse y escribir en sus respectivas lenguas vernáculas. Algunos, bien es cierto, podrían haberlo hecho en latín si les hubiera interesado. Pero por la naturaleza del movimiento, nacido desde el seno del pueblo llano cristiano, preferían hacerlo en palabras propias del pueblo. Sin embargo, por lo menos a manera de introducción al anabaptismo, no está nada mal tener obras en español. Ojalá fueran más. Nos encontramos muy lejos de las múltiples riquezas bibliográficas que existen en inglés sobre los anabaptistas de la era de la Reforma protestante. Nos complace, en cualquier caso, poner otra vez a disposición de los lectores en lengua castellana, esta colección de traducciones de escritos del siglo XVI, que nos abrirán una ventana fascinante a la pluralidad y multiplicidad de voces originales que configuraron el ala «radical» de la Reforma protestante. Con la desaparición, hace bastantes años, de la editorial La Aurora, de Buenos Aires, no hemos sabido cómo proceder para obtener permiso para reproducir este libro que ellos habían publicado en 10 Textos escogidos de la Reforma Radical 1976. Al final hemos optado por solicitar permiso de la familia de John H. Yoder, que se expresaron encantados de que este trabajo suyo no cayera en el olvido. Esta es una reproducción de aquella edición. Copiada por medios digitales, ha sido repasada en su integridad procurando corregir los errores derivados de ese proceso, aunque seguramente algunos se nos habrán escapado. Aprovechamos la oportunidad para corregir erratas
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