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Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2017 a Ministry of Justice Publication Under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991

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Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2017 a Ministry of Justice Publication Under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2017 A Ministry of Justice publication under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 Published 29 November 2018 Contents 1. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 3. Victims ............................................................................................................................ 13 Crime Survey for England and Wales .............................................................................. 14 Violent Crime ................................................................................................................... 15 Intimate violence ............................................................................................................. 16 Homicide ......................................................................................................................... 19 4. Police Activity ................................................................................................................. 23 Arrests ............................................................................................................................. 23 Liaison and diversion services ......................................................................................... 26 Out of Court Disposals .................................................................................................... 30 5. Defendants ..................................................................................................................... 35 Individuals formally dealt with by the Criminal Justice System (CJS) ............................... 37 Prosecutions and Convictions ......................................................................................... 39 Prosecuting authority ...................................................................................................... 41 Criminal legal aid ............................................................................................................. 42 Crown Court cases .......................................................................................................... 43 Convictions ...................................................................................................................... 45 Remands ......................................................................................................................... 46 Case Management .......................................................................................................... 49 Sentencing ...................................................................................................................... 53 Appeals ........................................................................................................................... 58 6. Offenders: under supervision or in custody ..................................................................... 60 Prison Population ............................................................................................................ 61 Receptions ...................................................................................................................... 64 Sentences served in prison ............................................................................................. 66 Releases ......................................................................................................................... 69 HMIP Prisons Inspectorate Survey Report, ...................................................................... 71 Substance misuse treatment in secure settings ............................................................... 73 Offender Learning ........................................................................................................... 75 Safety in prison custody .................................................................................................. 76 Deaths in or following police custody ............................................................................... 80 Restricted Patients .......................................................................................................... 80 1 Discipline in Prison Establishments ................................................................................. 84 Probation ........................................................................................................................ 85 Licence recalls ................................................................................................................. 88 7. Offender characteristics .................................................................................................. 90 Ethnicity ........................................................................................................................... 91 Age .................................................................................................................................. 94 Youth Offenders .............................................................................................................. 95 Offending Histories .......................................................................................................... 98 Proven Reoffending ...................................................................................................... 103 Employment, income and benefits before and after conviction / caution / release from prison ............................................................................................................................ 107 8. Offence Analysis .......................................................................................................... 111 Summary Offences ........................................................................................................ 112 Single Justice Procedure (SJP) Offences ...................................................................... 113 TV license evasion ........................................................................................................ 114 Common assault and battery ......................................................................................... 115 Knife possession ........................................................................................................... 116 Actual Bodily Harm and Grievous Bodily Harm .............................................................. 118 Shoplifting ..................................................................................................................... 119 Drug offences ................................................................................................................ 120 Truancy (parent failing to secure attendance of child) .................................................... 122 Cruelty to or neglect of children ..................................................................................... 123 Benefit fraud ................................................................................................................. 124 Controlling or Coercive Behaviour ................................................................................. 125 Offences with long custodial sentences ......................................................................... 126 9. Practitioners ................................................................................................................. 127 Trends in CJS organisations .......................................................................................... 127 Trends in senior staff ..................................................................................................... 129 Revisions Policy ................................................................................................................ 131 Further information ............................................................................................................ 132 Contact ............................................................................................................................. 132 2 1. Executive Summary The ‘Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System 2017’ bulletin is a compendium of statistics from data sources across the CJS to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of males and females who come into contact with it. It brings together information on representation by sex among victims, suspects, defendants, offenders and practitioners within the CJS and considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, and no controls have been applied to account for differences in circumstances between the males and females (e.g. offence, average income or age); differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2017 Population Arrests Prosecutions Convictions Prison population
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