Mackinac County Hazard Mitigation Plan November, 2005 This Plan was a cooperative effort by the Eastern U.P. Regional Planning and Development Commission and the Mackinac County Office of Emergency Management TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 Chapter 2 – Hazard Analysis . 32 Chapter 3 – Goals and Objectives . 75 Chapter 4 – Goal 1 . 78 Chapter 5 – Goal 2 . 88 Chapter 6 – Goal 3 . 96 Chapter 7 – Goal 4 . 109 Chapter 8 – Action Plan – FEMA Eligible . 113 Chapter 9 – Action Plan – Non Eligible for FEMA . 122 Chapter 10 – Action Plan - Administrative. 129 Appendix A – List of Contacts/Committees . A-1 Appendix B – Survey Results . B-1 Appendix C - List of Plans . C-1 Appendix D – Public Participation . D-1 Appendix E – Critical Facilities . E-1 LIST OF MAPS Map 1 – Location . 7 Map 2 – Governmental Units . 8 Map 3 – Distance to Major Cities in Michigan . 9 Map 4 – Land Use . 12 Map 5 – Public Land Ownership . 13 Map 6 – Soils . 14 Map 7 – Transportation Network . 21 Map 8 – Critical Facilities: Hazardous Materials Sites . 24 Map 9 – Critical Facilities: Health Facilities . 25 Map 10 - Critical Facilities: Emergency Response Facilities 26 Map 11 – Critical Facilities: Utilities . 27 Map 12 – Critical Facilities: Schools . 28 Map 13 – Critical Facilities: Places of Assembly . 29 Map 14 – Critical Facilities: Transportation . 30 Map 15 – Critical Facilities: Historical Structures . 31 Map 16 – Major Gas Pipeline . 36 Map 17 – Wildfire Fuel Types . 42 Map 18 – Thunderstorm/High Winds . 45 Map 19 – Historic Hail Storm Map . 46 Map 20 – Watershed Basins . 61 Map 21 – Major Lakes and Rivers . 62 Map 22 – Flood Insurance Rate Map. 67 Map 23 – Siren Coverage . 82 List of Tables Table 1 – Impact of Hazards . 73 Table 2 – Areas of Vulnerability . 74 Table 3 – Action Items – FEMA Eligible. 132 Table 4 – Action Items – Non-Eligible/Administrative . 133 Chapter 1 Introduction Communities everywhere face different hazards and have different resources and interests to handle these situations. Planning is one of the best ways to recognize the hazards and to produce a program of activities that will best mitigate the impact of hazards on the community. This mitigation plan, required for Federal mitigation funds, is being developed to recognize the needs for Mackinac County and provide a basis for obtaining pre-disaster mitigation funds. This plan identifies activities that can be undertaken by both the public and the private sectors to reduce safety hazards, health hazards, and property damage caused by natural hazards. The plan focuses on the major hazards that face Mackinac County, fills the Federal mitigation planning requirements, and provides the County and its municipalities with a blueprint for reducing the impacts of these natural hazards on people and property. Planning Approach The Eastern U.P. Regional Planning and Development, along with the Mackinac County Office of Emergency Services, have undertaken the project of developing a hazard analysis of Mackinac County, including the past history of disasters, assessing the hazard risks and vulnerabilities of the County and developing goals and objectives to mitigate these disasters. The Mackinac County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution to have the Eastern Upper Peninsula Regional Planning and Development Commission undertake this Hazard Mitigation Plan. Upon meeting with the Director of Office of Emergency Services a list of contact people was developed which is included as Appendix A. Also included in Appendix A is a listing of the Hazard Analysis Working Group and the Mackinac County Local Planning Emergency Committee who diligently worked on creating this Plan for Mackinac County. During the planning process a survey was sent out to the list of contacts, requesting information on any known hazards, past history and concerns. The survey was sent to the contact list as well as to clerks, supervisors, and managers of the local municipalities within the County. Survey responses are included as Appendix B. Other information was gathered from several sources including the Michigan State Police Emergency Services Division, National Weather Service, USDA Resource Development, Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Coast Guard, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Hiawatha National Forest Service, Michigan Department of Transportation, Mackinac Island State Historic Parks Commission and the local newspaper, The St. Ignace News. Mackinac Co. Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 November, 2005 Several departments within the County were contacted for information. These departments included the County Administrator, Health Department, Equalization Department and Road Commission. Building Departments within the County’s governmental units were also contacted for information. Information was gathered also through land use, comprehensive, or master plans, zoning ordinances, and regional plans from local municipalities within the County. (See Appendix C.) The EUP Regional Planning staff contacted each municipality within the County and when possible met directly with township supervisors, clerks, public work departments, and emergency departments such as fire and ambulance services. Public Participation As well as contacting community leaders and citizens who have direct interests in the Plan, the planning process also included a submittal of a news release to the area’s newspaper the St. Ignace News with information on who to contact for more information on the Hazard Mitigation Plan, why it is important, and how to be involved in the planning process. Towards the end of the planning process, the draft Plan was sent to all units of government and municipalities within the County and was available at those locations for public review. The Plan was also made available to the public at the Mackinac County Courthouse and Public Library centrally located in the County. The draft Plan was also sent to Central U.P. Planning and Development in Escanaba, Michigan and Northeast Council of Governments in Gaylord, Michigan. Plans were sent to Chippewa, Luce, Schoolcraft, Alger, Cheboygan and Emmet County Board of Commissioners as neighboring communities for their review. A public hearing was held on August 25, 2005 to review the draft Plan and receive comments. (See Appendix D.) All comments received were recorded and incorporated into the Plan. After review from the MI State Police Emergency Management Division and revisions were made, the final draft of the Plan was sent to local units of government. EUP Regional Planning staff as well as the Mackinac Co. Office of Emergency Management staff continued to attend meetings explaining the Plan and seeking local adoption. Hazard Assessment A comprehensive hazard analysis was made by the Mackinac Co. Office of Emergency Services and EUP Regional Planning to determine: 1) what hazards threaten the community 2) how often they are likely to occur 3) how severe the situation is likely to get, and 4) the impact on the community. During the development of this hazard analysis, all events which could pose a threat to Mackinac County were analyzed and rated according to the following aspects, and since some criteria were considered more important than others, each of these aspects was assigned a weight to balance the total score. Mackinac Co. Hazard Mitigation Plan 2 November, 2005 1) Historical Occurrence (frequency of event) = Excessive (10 pts), High (7 pts), Medium (4 pts), Low (1 pt) [Weight = 15%] 2) Affected Area (size of geographic area impacted) = Large Area (10 pts), Small Area (7 pts), Multiple Sites (4 pts), Single Site (1 pt) [Weight = 15%] 3) Speed of Onset (warning time) = Minimal/No (10 pts), More than 12 Hours (7 pts), 12-24 Hours (4 pts), Less than 24 Hours (1 pt) [Weight = 10%] 4) Population Impact (# of casualties) = High 10+ (10 pts), Medium 6-10 (7 pts), Low 1- 5 (4 pts), None (1 pt) [Weight = 20%] 5) Economic Effects (monetary damage losses incurred) = Significant (10 pts), Medium (7 pts), Low (4 pts), Minimal (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] 6) Duration (time period hazard is actively present and causing damage) = Long (10 pts) Medium (7 pts), Short (4 pts), Minimal (1 pt) [Weight = 10%] 7) Seasonal Pattern (degree to which hazard occurs in one particular season) = Year- round (10 pts), Three Seasons (7 pts), Two Seasons (4 pts), One Season (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] 8) Predictability (ease with which hazard can be predicted in terms of time, location, magnitude) = Unpredictable (10 pts), Somewhat Unpredictable (7 pts), Predictable (4 pts), Highly Predictable (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] 9) Collateral Damage (possibility of hazard causing secondary damage/impacts) = High (10 pts), Good (7 pts), Some (4 pts), No (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] 10) Availability of Warnings (ease with which the public can be warned of hazard) = Unavailable (10 pts), Generally Not (7 pts), Sometimes ( 4 pts), Available (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] 11) Mitigative Potential (ease with which hazard can be mitigated against) = Impossible (10 pts), Difficult (7 pts), Possible (4 pts), Easy (1 pt) [Weight = 5%] Based upon these criteria, the hazards that could affect Mackinac County were ranked as follows: Hazard otal Score Occurrence Area Onset Speed Population Economic Duration Seasonal Predictability Collateral Warning Mitigative Potential T Ranking Nuclear Attack .2 1.5 .7 2 .5 1 .5 .2 .35 .2 .35 7.45 1 Fixed Site – Hazardous .2 1.05 1 1.2 .35 .4 .5 .5 .2 .2 .2 5.75 2 Material Incident Thunderstorms – Lightning, .6 1.5 .7 .8 .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 5.2 3 Tornadoes, Severe Winds, Hail Terrorism/Sabotage/WMD/ .2 .15 1 1.4 .2 .7 .2 .35 .2 .35 .35 5.05 4 School Violence Pipeline Accidents .2 .6 1 .8 .2 .4 .5 .5 .2 .5 .2 5.05 4 Infrastructure Failures .2 1.5 .7 .2 .35 .7 .5 .35 .2 .2 .2 5.05 4 Accidents –Transportation .2 .15 1 1.4 .2 .4 .5 .35 .2 .2 .35 4.9 5 Haz. Materials, Air, Land, Water Fire – Wildfires, Structural .6 .6 1 .8 .05 .7 .35 .2 .2 .05 .35 4.9 5 Fires Mackinac Co.