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Language Acquisition in a Deaf Child: the Interaction of Sign Variations, Speech, and Print Variations

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Language Acquisition in a Deaf Child: the Interaction of Sign Variations, Speech, and Print Variations Language acquisition in a deaf child: the interaction of sign variations, speech, and print variations Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Maxwell, Madeline Margaret Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 01:53:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565468 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN A DEAF CHILD: THE INTERACTION OF SIGN VARIATIONS, SPEECH, AND PRINT VARIATIONS by Madeline Margaret Maxwell A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 8 0 ©Copyright 1980 Madeline Margaret Maxwell THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Madeline Margaret Maxwell entitled "Language Acquisition in a Deaf Child: The Interaction of Sign Variations, Speech and Print Variations." and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement Doctor of Philosophy for the Degree of Date Date Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library0 Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is madeo Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder« ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v The research reported here was supported in part by National Institute of Health Grant # NS-09811 and by National Science Foundation Grant BNS-76-12866 to The Salk Institute for Biological Studieso I wish to express my appreciation to Ursula Bellugi for her generous assistance and guidance in this researcho To my chairman, Patricia Van Metre, and committee members Yetta Goodman and Christine Tanz, I am in great debto They have helped me enormously in the tedious process of completing this research and have been a source of inspira­ tion in my studies» I am grateful to Harry Bornstein for permission to reproduce drawings from Little Red Riding Hood, The Three Little Pigs, and Rockabye Baby, copyright 1972, 1973, 1976 by Gallaudet College Press o Other researchers and teachers who have had both a direct and indirect influence on the clarification of the ideas presented in this dissertation are Adrienne Lehrer, Susan Philips, Eric Lenneberg, Mike Harnish, Bill Christie, Ken Goodman, and Ed Klima0 Heartfelt thanks for both intellectual and emotional support are due Barry, Roz, and Ned Spicer, Gill Hamilton, and my familyo iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES oooooooooooooooooooooooo V I 1 1 ABSTRACT o o o ooo © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © i x 1© BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE RESEARCH © © © © © © © © © © © © © 1 Writing Systems ©©©©p©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 2 Phonetic Information ©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©© 2 Relative Merits of Alphabetic and Logographic Systems oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 4 Variations on Writing © © © © © © © © © © © o © © © © © © 5 Alphabetic Manipulations ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 6 Substitutions for the Alphabet ©©©©©©©©©©©© 7 Relation of Speech and Print ©©©©©©©©«©©©©©© 9 Sign Languages © © © © © © © © © © © © 6 © © © © © © © © © 11 The VTsuo-Spatial-Gestural Modality ©©©©©©©©© 11 Plains Indian Sign Language ©© ©©©©©©©©©©© 11 Bantu Sign Language © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 13 ■ Written Sign Language © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 14 Deaf Signers o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 14 The Emergence of Deaf Communities ©©©©«©©©©© 14 Written Sign Language © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 18 Language in the Deaf Community © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 18 The Diglossic Continuum from English to ASL © © © © © 18 Interpreters for the Deaf— A Unique Situation © © © © 19 Reading with Signs ©ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 23 Need for the Study ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©© 23 The Problem ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©© 24 Statement of the Problem © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 28 2© REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 30 . Varieties of Language in the Study © © © © © © © © © © © © 31 American Sign Language ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 31 Vocabulary ©©©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 32 Morphology oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 3 3 Syntax © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 37 (Pidgin) Sign English o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 38 Finger spel 1 mg ©©oooooooo©©©©©©©©©© 44 Signed English Print © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 45 English Print © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 47 Speech © © ©© © © ©© © © © © ©o© ©© © ©© © © © © 47 Summary of the Varieties © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 47 : ' , . ■ \ : TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page Language Acquisition of the Signing Child o o o o o « o o 48 Educators! Concerns with the Variety of Deaf Children's Language oooooooqoooo-ooo 51 Summary oooooooooooooooooooooooo© 53 3 o METHODOLOGY oooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 54 Background of the Subject ©ooo©©©©©©©©©©©© 54 Standardized Tests— Primary o©©©©©©©©©©©© 57 Data Gathering © © © © ©© © o © © © ©© © © © © © © © © 57 A Note About Transcription ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 59 Analysis of Each Language Variety ©©©©©©©©©©©© 60 4© THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LANGUAGE VARIETIES © © © © © © © © © © 63 ASL OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO©©© 68 Oral Development © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 70 18 • 20 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 71 20 *■ 30 months ©ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 72 26-30 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 73 36 — 38 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 73 .39 — 42 months o©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©© 74 44 — 48 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 76 51 — 55 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 60 55 — 62 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 84 62 — 65 months © © © v 0 © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 67 7 5 months o©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©©©©©© 90 89 months ©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 91 Summary © © © © © © © © © © ©© © ©© © © © ©© © o © 91 Fingerspelling © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 94 ■ 25 months oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 94 26 — 30 months ©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 95 31'■— 34 months ooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 98 35 — 37 months ooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 104 38 — 43 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 10 7 43-^ 47 months ©o©©©©©©©©©©©©© © © © © © 110 52 ~ 53 months ooooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©© 120 65 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © .126 75 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 127 89 months (no Home Records) ©©©©©©©©©©©©© 132 Misspelling and Invented Spellings ©©©©©©©©© 133 Spellings that Violate the Concept of Words © © © 135 Misspellings © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 136 Sign English ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 142 36 *** 38 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 143 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page 40 4T months o © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 145 44 months © © © © © © © ©.© © © © © © © © © © © © © © 145 46 *“47 months ©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 146 48 ” 50 months ©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©© 148 51 ” 55 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 150 56 ” 62 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 153 6 2 ” 65 months ©o©©©©© © ©o©©©©©©©©©© 157 65 69 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 159 65 - 69 months (Home Records) ©©«©©©©©©©©© 163 75 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 164 89 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 175 Summary ©ooooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 182 Sign Print ©©©©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©© 186 34 ” 36 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 187 42 months ooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 191 4 7 ” 48 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 192 65 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 193 Summary © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © o © © © 198 Comparison of the Response to Signed English Print of Alice, Tony, Sonia, and a Deaf Child of Hearing Parents © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 199 English Print ©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©o 207 2 6 ” 32 months oo©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©©© 208 33' “* 35 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 210 36 months © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 212 39” 44 months ©©©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©© 212 46 ” 48 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 215 49 ” ■ 60 months o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 218 - 6 5 ” 71 months o © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 219 7 5 months ©o©©©©©©©©©©©© ©©©©©©©© 223 89 months ©©©©©©o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 235 Summary oooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 240 Story Behavior o©*©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 243 Labeling ■ o © © © © © © © © • © © © © © © © © © © © © © 243 Propositions and Continuity ©o©©©©©©©©©©© 245 Association Patterns ©©oo©©©©©©©©©©©© 246 Story Sense o©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 247 Proj ection ooooooo©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 248 Interconnection of Meanings and Forms ©o©©©©©© 249 Reading for Meaning oo©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 251 Summary © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 251 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued Page 5o DEVELOPMENTAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE LANGUAGE VARIETIES .00000 254 Emergence of the Language Varieties 00000000000 254 The First Distinction— Manual/Oral 0000000000 255 18' ” 23 Months o o © 0 ©
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