Expenditures for Civilian Social Security and Related Public Programs
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of policy changes in 1947, while in accessions for this reason increased assistance program to another and 1948 Mississippi accounted for about steadily each year, from 12 in 1947 those that formerly received private 75 percent of the acceptances for to 20 in 1949. The highest percentage aid, as well as those in which the this reason. In Mississippi, revision (28.4) for the 3-year period was re- applicant had deferred his request for in State policy as well as additional ported by Utah in 1948, when many assistance. funds permitted large numbers of aged blind persons who had been re- The proportion of cases opened for eligible persons on waiting lists to be ceiving old-age assistance transferred these reasons is higher for the aid to approved for assistance. In 1947 to the program for the blind rather the blind program than for any other several Stat,es, including Mississippi, than sign the newly imposed lien on program, and it has become ,larger that had formerly made joint pay- property required of all old-age assist- each year, increasing from 10.2 in ments to two eligible spouses pro- ance recipients in that State. 1947 to 14.3 percent in 1949. In many vided for separate payments. This In aid to dependent children, only States, aged blind persons are often change in agency policy accounted for 2.1 percent of all cases were accepted transferred from old-age assistance to many of the openings in that year. for this reason in 1947 and less than aid to the blind (and from the latter In the aid to the blind program, 4.1 1 percent in 1949. Additions to the program to old-age assistance) for and 4.4 percent of all new cases in general assistance rolls were even reasons unconnected with agency pol- 1947 and 1948 were taken on because more negligible-less than 1 percent icy or practice. The effect of these of changes in legislation or agency in each year. transfers on the small program of aid policy. The proportion was less than All other reasons.-Included in to the blind is likely to be greater than 1 percent in 1949. It is noteworthy cases opened for unspecified reasons in the case of transfers from aid to that the number of States with no are cases transferred from one public the blind to old-age assistance. life insurance programs were excluded because they are managed in the same Note3 and Brief Reports way as private insurance; decisions Expenditures for Civilian governments. The table is not con- on such matters as participation and Social Security and fined to the programs of the Social the amount of protection are made Security Administration but at- by the individual participants, not by Related Public Programs tempts to present a comprehensive law or government agencies. Expenditures for social security picture of public expenditures for so- Since the purpose of the table is and related public programs, as de- cial security and related purposes. to indicate the magnitude of expendi- fined and used in the accompanying Social security and related public tures directly related to the social table, have become an important programs are considered here to in- security programs, the table also ex- item in the budgets of the Federal, clude all social insurance programs; cludes expenditures for education, State, and local governments. Dur- veterans’ disability and survivor bene- public housing, crime control and ing the fiscal year 1948-49, public ex- fits, readjustment allowances, medical correction, and similar social pur- penditures by civilian governmental care, and welfare programs; public poses. The largest of these exclusions agencies for social security and re- assistance; health and medical care; is education. During the fiscal year lated public programs were about and certain welfare services. Al- 1947-48, the States and localities $11.6 billion, a $1.6 billion increase though the armed forces and the spent about $4.3 billion for elementary over expenditures in the fiscal year Atomic Energy Commission spent sig- and secondary schools, some part of 1947-48. On the Federal level these nificant amounts for direct medical which was devoted to school health expenditures represented about 15 services and for medical research, services. Besides expending these percent of Federal expenditures from these are primarily military or defense amounts, both the States and the general funds and from social insur- expenditures and have not been in- Federal Government are supporting ance trust funds; State and local cluded in the table. Some other agen- college and professional education, in- expenditures for these purposes rep- cies, in carrying out their programs, cluding the training of nurses, resented more than 25 percent of all make relatively small expenditures for physicians, and other medical person- State and local outlays. medical research or services; among nel. The veterans’ education pro- The increasing magnitude of ex- those agencies are the Department of gram alone amounted to more than penditures for social security and the Agriculture, the Tennessee Valley Au- $2.7 billion in 1948-49. Housing and increasing interest in such programs thority, the Civil Aeronautics Admin- community development expenditures emphasize the need for information istration, the Fish and Wildlife Service by the Federal Government, which on the scope of current expenditures of the Department of the Interior, and totaled nearly $300 million in 1948-49 made at the various levels of gov- others-none of whose expenditures and might reach $1.0 billion in 1949- ernment. The accompanying table is included here. 50, are also excluded. indicates the approximate outlays for The outlays from the veterans’ na- The table differs in a few important each of the social security and re- tional service life insurance and Gov- respects from earlier tables, which lated programs for 3 fiscal years and ernment life insurance trust funds are were carried in the SOCIAL SECURITY shows these expenditures separately not (and have not been in previous YEARBOOKS. Several categories of for Federal and for State and local years) included in this table. These expenditure have been included for Bulletin, July 1950 1.5 the first time, principally the private veterans and professional medical Expenditures under some programs expenditures required under the training, which had been included have been transferred from one cate- State temporary disability (cash sick- previously, are now excluded. In gory to another. Hospital and medi- ness) insurance programs and the addition, all international health ob- cal care now includes several medical sanitation expenditures of State and ligations and military and atomic programs-those for merchant sea- local governments now included un- medical research, both of which had men, Indians, and Pederal prisoners- der community and related health previously been included in part, are that were formerly considered to be services. Education expenditures for excluded. “other” health programs (the miscel- Expenditures for civilian social security and related public programs, by source of funds and by program, fiscal years 1946-47, 1947-48, and 1948-49 1 [In millions; data corrected to May 22,1950] 194&49 194748 194647 - Program 3tate and 3tate and ‘ State and Total Federal local Total Federal local Total Federal local .- Total..~.___._-----_____________________-~-~~~ -I- $11,591.8 $6,370.4 $5, 221.5 $10,024.9 $5, 920.0 $4, 105. fl $9,817.1 $6. 233. 6 $3, 583.4 Social insurance and related pr”grsms-----~-~-~~~~ - 6, 175. 0 4,118.Q 2, 056. 2 5, 571.5 4, 022. 2 1, 549.4 6, 106. 2 4, 567.8 1,538.3 Old-age and survivors insurence~~~~~~~--------- 660.5 660.5 _. 559.1 559.1 466.4 466.4 -_ Railroad retirement . .._. ._......._._ -_---___- 282.5 282.5 -..------... 227.3 227.3 177.6 177.6 -. Public employee retirement systems 2--..._----- 632.5 352.0 2x0.5 550.7 294. 2 2.56. 5 492.7 256.0 236.7 Employment security ~-~.....~----~-------~---~~ 1, 382.2 184.3 1,198.0 901.2 141.5 759.7 986.0 148.8 837.2 Railroad unemployment insurance-.------------ 50. 5 50. 5 -. 35.9 35.9 51.2 51.2 -. Railroad temporary disability insurance 4.-----_ 32.0 32. 0 -. 28. 6 28.6 -. State temporary disability insurance programs I- 51.7 51.7 34.3 34.3 1.5. 3 15.3 Veterans’ program n.......___._....._..__ ---_--- 2, 541.6 2,541. 6 -. 2,720.6 2, 720.6 3,451.l 3,451. 1 -. Workmen’s compensation ~~.~-~-------~--- ____.. 541.5 15. 5 8 526.0 513.8 15.0 6 498.9 465.9 16.7 8 449.1 Publicsid-. _.......__ ___........._._ -_---_---_--- 2,086.4 939.5 1, 146.9 1,699. 9 722.5 97i. 4 1, 440. 1 615.9 824.2 Special types of public assistance Q~~~-~--------.. 1,820.2 939.5 880.7 1,487. 5 722.5 76R. 0 1, 271.9 615.9 656.0 Generalassistance~~~~~~-.....~~~~-~~--~---~--~~. 266.2 266.2 212.4 212.4 168.2 168.2 Health and medical services K--_- ____.__........ 2,607.O 828.5 1,778.5 2. OR2 0 717.2 1,344.8 1,717.1 678.4 1,038.7 Hospital and medical care II---_-_- _____......... 1,589. 1 603.1 986.0 1,324.6 547.2 777.4 1,076.O 530.9 545.1 New hospital construction 18. .._ --~ __.._....... 294.4 94.4 200.0 123.1 55. 1 RR.0 84. 8 28.8 56.0 Community and related health services 13------- 649.7 75.