Contents Exhibition Sponsored by the JCA Szlamek and Ester Lipman
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Contents EXHIBITION TEAM Teacher’s Guide 1 Roslyn Sugarman, Curator About the Exhibition 2 Shannon Biederman, Curator Konrad Kwiet, Emeritus Professor of Jewish History and Key Questions and Understandings 4 Holocaust Studies and Resident Historian at the Sydney Pre-visit Materials Jewish Museum Leaving Behind 6 Debórah Dwork, Rose Professor of Holocaust History and Director of the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Longing to Hear 12 Genocide Studies, Clark University Joy of News 18 Marie Bonardelli, Education Ofcer 25 Words Only 24 Sign of Life 30 CONTRIBUTORS Return to Sender 36 Jennifer Duvall Annie Friedlander Last Letters 42 A Very Small Hope 48 Regret to Inform You 54 Post-visit Materials 57 Every efort has been made to contact or trace all copyright holders. The publishers will be grateful to be notifed of any additions, errors or Bibliography 58 omissions that should be incorporated in the next edition. Guidelines to Teaching about the Holocaust 59 These materials were prepared by Marie Bonardelli on behalf of the Education Department of the Sydney Jewish Museum for use in Syllabus objectives, outcomes and content 61 the program, Signs of Life. They may not be reproduced for other purposes without the express permission of the Sydney Jewish Museum. Copyright, Sydney Jewish Museum 2014. All rights reserved. Design by X Squared Design. image Child in Rivesaltes posts a letter Courtesy USHMM Exhibition sponsored by the JCA Szlamek and Ester Lipman Memorial Endowment Fund Teacher’s guide About the Exhibition This teaching resource facilitates student • Practical guidelines about how to teach the with entire series of correspondence, thus engagement with historical context, Holocaust in a way that is ethical and providing greater insight into a wide variety photographs, documents, and testimonies meaningful of communications during the Holocaust and featured in the Signs of Life exhibition. This • Pre-visit and post-visit lesson plans that include shifting the emphasis of the exhibition. comprehensive Holocaust education program background notes, letters from the Museum’s aims to expand students’ understanding collection, full translations of select letters, and Displaying these documents is a form of about the Holocaust and its ever-present related artefacts and Survivor testimony commemoration. We remember the names reverberations and far-reaching consequences • Museum visit program and lives of those who have died by reading on both the Jewish community and wider • A bibliography and related resources them on display and refecting on their lives. It world. • Relevant syllabus outcomes and content reminds us of the far-reaching consequences • Clear expected student outcomes of antisemitism, discrimination, and genocide. This resource includes teaching materials to help support teachers in this challenging and Through the Signs of Life program, students will In the post censorship agency, Warsaw ghetto, 1941. Courtesy bpk, Berlin The exhibition sections were structured imperative endeavour to not only teach the explore: around the purpose and content of the letters, history of the Holocaust with integrity, but also • The purpose of letters which fell into thematic categories, such to ensure that the voices in these letters of • The importance of context in understanding the The Sydney Jewish Museum holds as: difculties families faced when forcibly those who did not survive will endure. letters approximately 1000 letters and postcards from separated, the anxiety of waiting for mail, • How the “voice” of the letter writer is able to the Holocaust in its collection. The concept The activities are recommended for years 10 the joy of hearing from loved ones, and the communicate the human experience of living in of the Signs of Life exhibition has been in through 12. All lessons are readily adaptable for desperation to maintain contact. The section the shadow of annihilation discussion amongst the curators for nearly History and English classrooms. titles emerged from the letters themselves. • How our perceptions of and relationships eight years. Signs of Life has evolved from Text panels provide visitors with relevant There have been signifcant changes to the HSC with others and the world are shaped by written being a historical exhibition that would focus historical context and an overview of the English Prescriptions for the 2015 HSC Year. language on the postal system in occupied Europe to a circumstances in which these letters were The Signs of Life exhibition, both its structure • The Australian connection to the Holocaust more intimate and personal narrative. Signs written, censorship and the role of the Red and content, could be used as a challenging • The scope of devastation that the Holocaust of Life brings this private correspondence Cross. and stimulating related text for the Area of inficted on the global community to the public in a way that not only provides Study: Discovery. Further, the exhibition as a • The exhibition and Museum as a way for the historical context of the Holocaust but, The majority of the letters in the exhibition whole could become fertile ground for use as Survivors, the Jewish community, and the wider perhaps more signifcantly, reveals the are in languages other than English – Czech, a related text in the Advanced Course Module Australian community to make meaning out personal dimension of the Jewish experience French, German, Hungarian and Polish. The A Comparative Study of Texts and Contexts, of the Holocaust, and commemorate the during the Holocaust. These letters are a curators have relied on the translation skills Standard English Course Module A Experience millions who were murdered poignant aspect of the Museum’s collection as of Holocaust Survivor volunteers to translate Through Language, Distinctive Voices and • Their own personal responses to these texts and they allow victims’ voices to be heard through them. Innocuous content could also reveal Distinctively Visual and also the Standard English how the experience of discovery transformed their last written words to loved ones. hidden meanings, which often is lost to Course, Module C, Texts and Society, Exploring their attitude, values and beliefs a contemporary reader. We relied on the Interactions and Exploring Transitions. Please • How to avoid such inhumanity and refect on When curating an exhibition decisions must interpretation of the translator in determining refer to the Syllabus outcomes and contents the human cost of war in the world today and be made regarding the particular emphasis possible meanings. Letter-writers sometimes section for further information. for the future of the narrative: which artefacts, photographs resorted to code to deceive the censors. and personal stories to include and what In the resource, teachers are provided with: This guide complements the two hour interactive Writers used Yiddish words, references to exclude. On display in Signs of Life is a • The Museum’s vision and mission statement Museum program that includes a personal to family history, Biblical and Talmudic small fraction of the letters in the collection. • The rationale behind the structure and testimony of a Holocaust Survivor and tour of the quotations, and other clues as a way of passing The Museum’s collection of letters has content of the Signs of Life exhibition Museum and Signs of Life exhibition. news without inviting undue attention. expanded as the community came forward 1 2 Key Questions and Understandings – The Museum as a Text A postcard bearing the ill-fated news “Your The Sydney Jewish Museum is a museum 2 / Refect on the role of letter writing. What father suddenly went on vacation” can be read and memorial that was founded and funded are some of the purposes of the letters as a euphemism for deportation. This sort by Holocaust Survivors in an efort to teach being written? of ploy was typical of the cryptic messages about the Holocaust, the history of the Jews in 3 / In what ways are the purposes of the sent with the aim of bypassing the censorship Australia, and illustrate the richness of Judaism. letters diferent, and in what way the imposed on all mail in German occupied Survivors have played an integral role since the same? Europe. Many of these represent the last Museum’s inception. The Museum’s collection 4 / How do these letters express a range of written words and “signs of life” of their loved includes 8,000 pieces related to Judaica (ritual human emotions: hope, uncertainty, fear, ones. objects), Australian Jewish history, Australian etc. Jewish military history, and the Holocaust. The 5 / Do these letters help senders and/or When curating exhibitions, we seek to Museum provides the framework to address recipients to maintain a sense of self? fnd an Australian link to the Holocaust. In Jewish identity, victimhood and resilience 6 / How has the design structure of the Signs of Life we fnd letters to and from through its displays. exhibition deepened your understanding family in Sydney to parents and siblings of the individual letters? Consider the way Since 1992, Holocaust Survivors have served trapped in German-occupied Europe. These the panels, photos, and individual letters as advisors who oversee the Museum’s communications enable us to research are juxtaposed to create a holistic efect. policymaking; been responsible for the frst and understand what Australians – so 7 / The letters propose both a silent and objects collected (under the auspices of the geographically remote from Europe - knew overt commentary on a variety of political Australian Association of Holocaust Survivors about the dire circumstances of their loved and human rights issues. List some of and Descendants); and are living witnesses ones. Australia’s pre-war immigration policy these issues that are being raised as a who speak to visitors and tell their own was characterised by deep-seated hostility result of wartime conditions, and explain personal testimonies of survival. Survivor to foreigners and in many cases these letters how they are manifested in the letters.