DOCSLIB.ORG

Waste Away. Examining Systemic Drivers Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Waste Away. Examining Systemic Drivers Of This article from Erasmus Law Review is published by Eleven international publishing and made available to anonieme bezoeker Waste Away Examining Systemic Drivers of Global Waste Trafficking Based on a Comparative Analysis of Two Dutch Cases Karin van Wingerde & Lieselot Bisschop* Abstract issues we face today. Global municipal waste generation is currently about 2.01 billion tonnes per year and The increasing volume of waste generated globally is one of expected to increase to 3.4 billion tonnes in 2050 the most prominent environmental issues we face today. because of population growth, industrialisation and Companies responsible for the treatment or disposal of urbanisation.1 By 2050, the then approximately nine bil- waste are therefore among the key actors in fostering a sus- lion people on the planet will have generated an estima- tainable future. Yet the waste industry has often been char- ted thirteen billion tonnes of waste per year.2 Next to acterised as a criminogenic one, causing environmental the increasing volume of waste, there is also increased harm which disproportionately impacts the world’s most hazardousness, because society also increasingly relies vulnerable regions and populations. In this article, we illus- on synthetic and chemical products.3 Hazardous waste trate how companies operating in global supply chains refers to waste with radioactive, explosive, corrosive or exploit legal and enforcement asymmetries and market toxic characteristics and is likely to cause health or envi- complexities to trade waste with countries where facilities ronmental harm when treated inadequately. An estima- for environmentally sound treatment and disposal of waste ted 300 million tonnes of hazardous waste is produced are lacking. We draw on two contemporary cases of each year by member countries of the Organisation for corporate misconduct in the Global South by companies Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), with operating headquarters in the Global North: Seatrade while no reliable estimate is available for non-OECD 80 and Probo Koala. We compare these cases building on theo- countries as there is virtually no reporting.4 Despite the ries about corporate and environmental crime and its many conventions on waste that have been created since enforcement. This explorative comparative analysis aims to the 1970s,5 the exact volumes, origins and handling of identify the key drivers and dynamics of illegal waste dump- hazardous waste generation thus remain unclear. This ing, while also exploring innovative ways to make the waste chapter discusses two cases which concerned the trade sector more environmentally responsible and prevent the in hazardous waste, but many dynamics and drivers we future externalisation of environmental harm. discuss are rooted in the overall – and thus also non- hazardous – trade in waste. Keywords: environmental crime, waste industry, shipbreak- Once generated, waste can be disposed of or treated. ing, waste trafficking, environmental enforcement Waste disposal is the final phase and refers to landfill, incineration and illegal dumping. Waste treatment is the 1 Introduction: (Hazardous) 1. S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata & F. Van Woerden, What a Waste 2.0: A Waste in Contemporary Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 (2018). 2. Basel Convention Secretariat, Zoi Environmental Network, & GRID Are- Society ndal, Vital Waste Graphics 3 (2012). 3. D. Pellow, D. Resisting global toxics: Transnational movements for Environmental Justice (2007). Whenever something is discarded, waste is generated. 4. Basel Convention Secretariat, Zoi Environmental Network, & GRID Are- This can be a result of everyday consumption in house- ndal, above n. 2. holds as well as of production activities in agriculture, 5. E.g. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal; Convention on the Ban on the mining, energy, manufacturing and construction. As Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and such, this makes waste a part of everyday life, a normal Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa (Bamako Convention); thing. Yet the increasing volume of waste generated Convention on the Prevention of Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter globally is one of the most prominent environmental (London Convention); Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Countries of Hazardous Waste and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the Pacific * Karin van Wingerde is Professor Corporate Crime and Governance, Region (Waigani Convention); International Convention on Oil Pollu- Department of Criminology, Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University tion Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation (OPRC Convention); Rotterdam. Lieselot Bisschop is Professor Public and Private Interests, Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; Rotter- Department of Criminology and Erasmus Initiative on Dynamics of dam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Inclusive Prosperity, Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotter- Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; Stockholm dam. Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. ELR 2019 | No. 4 - doi: 10.5553/ELR.000171 This article from Erasmus Law Review is published by Eleven international publishing and made available to anonieme bezoeker process that changes the characteristics of waste to facil- how these structural inequalities between different parts itate its handling, to make the recovery of secondary raw of the world can be criminogenic.12 Corporations exploit materials possible or to reduce its quantity or hazardous these inequalities by moving activities that are illegal in nature.6 The recovery phase in the waste cycle implies one jurisdiction to another where they are not (legal/ that waste is not just useless residue. What some call enforcement asymmetries), externalise harms to coun- waste is a valuable secondary raw material for others, tries that depend on foreign investments to foster especially in times of increasing scarcity of raw materi- economic growth (economic asymmetries), and engage als. With the emergence of new recycling techniques in these harms, particularly when certain behaviours, and better efficiency rates of waste treatment and recy- such as bribery, are normalised to get business done cling, what was considered useless residue years ago has (cultural/political asymmetries). In addition, awareness turned into something valuable today. In other words, and knowledge about harms can be asymmetrical, as can waste has become a profitable commodity.7 the legal means to stand up against big business. In this The sustainable management of waste and (secondary) way, globalisation facilitates ‘crimes without lawbreak- resources is key for the planet’s future.8 Companies ing’ or ‘legal corporate crimes’: behaviours that are responsible for the collection, transport, treatment, essentially lawful, but extremely harmful.13 recovery or disposal of waste thus fulfil important Waste traders use existing policy or enforcement loop- public tasks related to hygiene, environmental holes and offer officials in developing regions attractive protection and quality of life. Given these public inter- prices or bribes for accepting the (hazardous) waste into ests, the waste market has traditionally been subject to a their countries. The trade flows that are most likely to high degree of regulation and close involvement by gov- result in inadequate – and often illegal – recycling or ernments. In the Netherlands, for instance, most waste disposal are those from the Global North (Australia, the facilities used to be owned and operated by munici- EU, Japan and the US) to the Global South (Africa, palities.9 However, the waste market has changed con- South-East Asia and South America).14 These same siderably over the past decades. Among its key develop- powerful economic actors are also those most likely to ments are privatisation, merger activity, expansions and influence international treaties and law enforcement in internationalisation. As a result, the waste industry has developing countries.15 become a highly competitive and capital-intensive Thus, while the international trade in waste material has industry. In other words, waste management has undeniably enabled firms to expand their business, it become ‘big business’, and the market is dominated by has also created greater opportunities for corporate large and powerful commercial corporations that crimes; led to the transference of social, economic and 81 increasingly operate across national borders.10 To recu- environmental harms to other parts of the world; and perate the secondary raw materials or treat the waste, increased problems for monitoring and enforcement.16 there is often international trade involved, because the Substandard waste treatment and disposal affects every- waste treatment facilities for specific types of waste are one but disproportionately impacts society’s most vul- available only in a limited number of countries. nerable who work and live in unsafe conditions. Sometimes the nearest treatment facility – or the one This chapter aims to demonstrate how companies oper- with sufficient capacity to process the specific type of ating in the global waste market exploit legal and waste – is simply located across a border.11 However, enforcement asymmetries and market complexities to one of the most important reasons for the trade in waste
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How to Regulate Our Waste-Full World
    STILL ONLY ONE EARTH: Lessons from 50 years of UN sustainable development policy BRIEF #23 How to Regulate Our Waste-Full World Jen Allan, Ph.D. July 2021 Key Messages and Recommendations • There is a long history of dumping hazardous wastes in the seas, on land, and in developing countries; management efforts only started in the 1970s. • The 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal has expanded to include new wastes and to ban shipments from developed to developing countries. • Proactive management that scans the horizon for new hazardous waste streams has often been missing and is necessary to protect human health and the environment. • The legitimacy of global governance of hazardous wastes may rest on its ability to enable governments protect the most vulnerable. Waste is the most tangible form of pollution. medications, paints, and electronic waste At every stage of production and consumption, (e-waste). we create waste and throw it away, rendering But the products we dispose of do not it invisible from of our lives. Hazardous waste disappear. Much of our waste has value in its takes many forms. It includes the by-products second, discarded life. Minerals and metals of manufacturing or industrial processes, can be recovered and reused. Some types of like toxic ash or sludge. It can be discarded waste can be recycled. In fact, there are entire commercial products, like pesticides. We industries that dispose, recover, and recycle produce hazardous wastes from our homes, our waste. Some of our trash can be another’s by throwing away asbestos-laden insultation, treasure.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a More Resource-Efficient and Circular Economy the Role of The
    Towards a more resource-efficient and circular economy The role of the G20 | 1 A background report prepared for the 2021 G20 Presidency of Italy Towards a more resource-efficient and circular economy The role of the G20 PUBE TOWARDS A MORE RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY © OECD 2021 2 | Table of contents Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 9 2. Past trends in material consumption and waste generation 10 3. Projections of future materials use 18 4. The environmental impacts of materials use 21 5. A transition to a circular economy can lower resource demands and environmental impacts and contribute to the economic and social recovery 24 6. Recent developments on resource efficiency and circular economy policies 27 7. The role of cities towards the circular economy transition 32 8. Towards a G20 policy vision on resource efficiency 38 References 47 TOWARDS A MORE RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY © OECD 2021 | 3 Tables Table 1. Selected environmental impacts of materials use 21 Table 2. Selected examples of national, regional and local strategies for resource efficiency, waste management and the circular economy of G20 countries 27 Figures Figure 1. Domestic Material Consumption in G20, OECD and BRIICS 10 Figure 2. Domestic material consumption per capita [tonnes] 11 Figure 3. Resource productivity levels differ substantially among G20 countries, but some improvements could be achieved 12 Figure 4. Despite improvements in resource productivity, domestic material consumption increased in G20 countries 13 Figure 5. Material footprint per capita remains high also for countries with low Domestic Material Consumption per capita 14 Figure 6. As income levels rise, waste generation increases [left], but waste treatment processes improve [right] 15 Figure 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Waste Trade Chaos: Rising Environmentalism Or Cost-Benefit Analysis? by Margareth Sembiring1
    NTS Insight, no. IN19-02, July 2019 Global Waste Trade Chaos: Rising Environmentalism or Cost-Benefit Analysis? By Margareth Sembiring1 Abstract Contents International garbage disputes are rare. Lately, however, the world witnesses waves • Abstract of newsworthy trash saga.the From Philippines shipping containers of rubbish back • Global Waste Trade Industry to Canada, to Malaysia planning to return tons of garbage back to countries of origin, • Waste Smuggling to China’s near-total ban of plastic waste import, it is hard not to wonder whether this • China’s Plastic Waste Import Ban is a real sign of rising environmentalism. Have countries begun to think that the • Environmental Consciousness or Cost-Benefit Analysis? environment is worthy of a similar priority as the economy? This Insight argues that behind the seemingly growing pro-environment attitudes, it still remains to be seen whether this trend is sustainable in the long run. Considering that the global waste trade is a multi-billion dollar industry, the balance may tip to favour the economic activities again once the dust has settled back. The paper first looks at a brief description of the global waste trade industry. It then discusses some of the contemporary development in the global waste industry particularly on the issues of waste smuggling and China’s plastic waste import ban. It describes related experiences in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Thailand. Recommended citation: Margareth Sembiring, ‘Global Waste Trade Chaos: Rising Environmentalism or Cost-Benefit Analysis?’, NTS Insight, No. IN19-02 (Singapore: RSIS Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies (NTS Centre)). Photo credit: Shutterstock 1 Margareth Sembiring is Associate Research Fellow with the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies at the S.
    [Show full text]
  • Gadani Ship-Breaking Yard
    Gadani Ship-breaking Yard According to statistics released by environmental advocate, non-governmental agency Shipbreaking Platform, South Asian yards now offer about $450 per light displacement tonnage, or LDT, while Chinese yards offer only $210 and Turkish yards slightly better at $280 per LDT. It is also showed that a large container ship weighs in at almost 25,000 LDTs. That translates into $11.25 million in India, but only $7 million in Turkey and $5.25 million in China. Furthermore, Shipbreaking Platform releases a yearly survey on the industry. During 2017, the organization recorded, the industry internationally scrapped 835 ships, which totalled 20.7 million gross tons. That’s a substantial fall from 2016, when 27.4 million tons were scrapped. The number of scrapped ships has declined by greater than 30 percent from the boom days of 2012 to 2013. According to Mulinaris’s research, during 2017, saw the demolition of 170 bulk carriers, 180 general cargo ships, 140 containers, 140 tankers, 20 vehicle carriers, 14 passenger ships and 30-40 oil and gas related units, which include platforms and drill ships. The research also mentioned that most decline into the category of small and medium-sized ships, ranging from less than 500 gross tons to 25,000 gross tons. Another study which was compiled by the Japan International Cooperation Agency, the agency has forecast the acceleration of global ship breaking, notably oil tankers and container ships, from now on, but particularly from 2020 until 2023. This reflects the scrapping of ships built during the later half of the 1990s, with a useful life of 26 or 27 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Shipbreaking Outlook: the Way Forward for a Green Ship Recycling Industry – Environmental, Health and Safety Conditions
    Pakistan Shipbreaking Outlook: The Way Forward for a Green Ship Recycling Industry – Environmental, Health and Safety Conditions 1st Edition Authors: Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal Patrizia Heidegger Brussels / Islamabad October 2013 Disclaimer The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of SDPI or the NGO Shipbreaking Platform or contributory organisations and neither do they imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This is a joint publication of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) and the NGO Shipbreaking Platform. All rights reserved. No part of this Position Paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. LEAD AUTHORS Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal1 Patrizia Heidegger2 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTORS Delphine Reuter Francesca Carlsson Mehwish Javed REVIEWED BY Dr. Mahmood A Khwaja Dr. Muhammad Irfan Khan PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS Syed Mohsin Ali Kazmi FIELD RESEARCH TEAM Muhammad Yousaf Jawad Iqbal Ishfaq Ahmed © 2013 by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute and the NGO Shipbreaking Platform First Edition: October 2013 1 Senior Research Associate at Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI): [email protected] 2 Executive Director at NGO Shipbreaking Platform: [email protected] Table of Contents FOREWORD i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ACRONYMS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY 3 2.1 Objective 3 2.2 Study methodology 3 2.3 Limitations of the study 5 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Engagement Abroad in the Scrap Business
    China Perspectives 2020/4 | 2020 Facets of Global China Chinese Engagement Abroad in the Scrap Business Yvan Schulz Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/11225 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.11225 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2020 Number of pages: 49-57 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Yvan Schulz, “Chinese Engagement Abroad in the Scrap Business”, China Perspectives [Online], 2020/4 | 2020, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 02 July 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/11225 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives. 11225 © All rights reserved Special feature china perspectives Chinese Engagement Abroad in the Scrap Business YVAN SCHULZ ABSTRACT: This paper explores the changing nature of Chinese engagement abroad in the scrap business. Based on primary sources and interviews conducted by the author, it identifies the factors that, at different times, led Chinese scrap dealers and recyclers to extend the scope of their professional activity beyond the borders of their home country. Drawing on recent scholarship in discard studies, the author argues that it is necessary to move beyond the environmental dumping narrative in order to better understand Chinese national policy and its implications. This narrative serves as the main official justification for the bans on imports of recyclable waste that the central government adopted in recent years. However, there is good reason to believe that, by adopting a highly restrictive stance on the international waste trade, the central government sought first and foremost to bolster the municipal solid waste management sector within China.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 REPORT Waste Trade in Southeast Asia: Legal Justifications for Regional Action JULY 2021
    Waste Trade in Southeast Asia LEGAL JUSTIFICATIONS FOR REGIONAL ACTION 2021 REPORT Waste Trade in Southeast Asia: Legal Justifications for Regional Action JULY 2021 © EcoWaste Coalition Lead Author: Atty. Gregorio Rafael P. Bueta Lead Contributor: Justine Nicole V. Torres (Philippines and Thailand) Contributors: Dr. Hanim Kamaruddin (Malaysia) Atty. Conrado M. Cornelius (Indonesia) Researchers: Mikaela Pamatmat Reynaleigh Delos Reyes Veronica Pine Expert Support: Matthew H. Baird (Asian Research Institute for Environmental Law) Graphic Layout: Chester Tan (Parabukas, Inc.) Reviewers: Manny Calonzo; Chinkie Pelino-Golle; Lea Guerrero; Marian Ledesma; Yuyun Ismawati; Mageswari Sangaralingam; Thony Dizon; Lee Bell DISCLAIMER This document has been produced with the financial contribution by the Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA) through the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, (SSNC). The views herein shall not necessarily be taken to reflect the official opinion of SSNC or its donor. © Manny Calonzo/EcoWaste Coalition WASTE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA CONTENTS i. List of Acronyms ii. Executive Summary I. Introduction 1 Background 2 Objectives and Methodology II. Global Trends and Developments 4 Global Waste Situationer 4 Major Waste Management Challenges Waste Trade Marine Plastic Pollution COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts 6 International Policy Framework Basel Convention and Basel Ban Amendment Waste Issues in other Multilateral Environmental Agreements Global Agreement on Marine Plastics III. ASEAN Policy Landscape 10 ASEAN Declarations, Positions and Action Plans 11 National-level Efforts IV. Waste Trade in ASEAN 13 ASEAN Experiences with Waste Trade 13 ASEAN and Global Waste Trade - Why It Matters 14 Waste Trade in Selected ASEAN Member States Indonesia Malaysia The Philippines Thailand 17 Analysis of Country Case Studies V.
    [Show full text]
  • Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
    Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan An Investor Perspective on the Human Rights and Environmental Impacts of Beaching ilpi.org International Law and Policy Institute (ILPI) is an independent institute focusing on good governance, peace and conflict, and international law. Our approach to solving global challenges is based on the integration of law and social sciences and on bridging the gap between academia and politics. We provide research, analysis, policy advice, process support and training to clients ranging from private companies and institutions to governments and international organizations. Cover photo: Naquib Hossain, Wikimedia commons (duotone added). Published: 18/05/2016 Copyright: International Law and Policy Institute (ILPI) 2016 ilpi.org Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan An Investor Perspective on the Human Rights and Environmental Impacts of Beaching Foreword __________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Executive Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 5 1 Introduction ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 1.1 Background ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 1.2 Methodology and Outline _________________________________________________________________ 6 2 Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan _____________________________________ 7 2.1 The
    [Show full text]
  • Waste in Asia
    ISSUES FOR RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS WASTE IN ASIA MAR 2011 Author Jill Chin Editor Lucy Carmody Sarah Le Breton Responsible Research is an independent provider of sectoral and thematic Asian environment, Responsible Research is the exclusive partner in Asia for RepRisk®, a web-based tool which social and governance (ESG) research, targeted at global institutional investors. Many of provides insights on environmental and social issues that present financial and reputational these fund managers and asset owners now find that traditional investment banking reports, risks to companies and investment portfolios. The tool enables commercial and investment financial models and public information sources can no longer be relied on to cover all risks bankers, asset managers, and supply chain managers to manage the corresponding risks and to earnings and deliver superior returns. Companies who do not monitor and report on this to implement effective screening procedures. ‘non-financial’ performance not only risk financial penalties for non-compliance with stricter regulatory environments but are also denied access to substantial pools of global capital which About the RepRisk® tool are managed according to sustainable principles. RepRisk® is a web-based tool that allows you to Our approach is based on analysis of material ESG factors, which change according to sector identify and assess the environmental and social and market. We provide our clients with local market knowledge of important regulatory issues which may present financial, reputational landscapes in Asia, along with a fresh perspective on local operational and sectoral issues. and ethical risks. It is used by investment We offer an annual subscription model for our monthly sectoral or thematic reports and give professionals, financial institutions, supply our clients access to the underlying data.
    [Show full text]
  • Plastic Waste Trade in Southeast Asia After China's Import
    California Western Law Review Volume 57 Number 1 Article 9 1-1-2021 Plastic Waste Trade in Southeast Asia After China’s Import Ban: Implications of the New Basel Convention Amendment and Recommendations for the Future Yeeun Uhm Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr Recommended Citation Uhm, Yeeun (2021) "Plastic Waste Trade in Southeast Asia After China’s Import Ban: Implications of the New Basel Convention Amendment and Recommendations for the Future," California Western Law Review: Vol. 57 : No. 1 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr/vol57/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CWSL Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in California Western Law Review by an authorized editor of CWSL Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Uhm: Plastic Waste Trade in Southeast Asia After China’s Import Ban: Uhm camera ready final (Do Not Delete) 1/25/2021 11:25 AM CALIFORNIA WESTERN LAW REVIEW VOLUME 57 FALL 2020 NUMBER 1 SYMPOSIUM PLASTIC WASTE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AFTER CHINA’S IMPORT BAN: IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW BASEL CONVENTION AMENDMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE YEEUN UHM* ABSTRACT It has become evident when some countries strengthen their domestic plastic waste restrictions and oversight of imports, global flows of plastic waste simply shift elsewhere. However, the pattern of continually diverting plastic waste shipments to countries that have less strict regulatory standards will become difficult under new rules adopted under the Basel Convention in May 2019. This Article explores the Basel Convention’s role in reversing the existing plastics trade between developed and developing countries, and the legal implications of the new amendments on the international plastic waste trade, with a particular focus on the Southeast Asian countries that have been significantly impacted by China’s plastic waste import ban in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Crime Alert #2 Summarises Information That Was Published Between March 2019 and May 2019
    WasteForce Crime Alert #2 March - May 2019 Date: 31 May 2019 Version: 1 Work Package 2: Strategies and Methodologies Deliverable 2.1: Waste Crime Alerts The WasteForce project is funded by the European Union’s Internal Security Fund — Police (ISFP/2017/AG/ENV/821345) Waste Crime Alert WasteForce WASTEFORCE Waste Crime Alert 2 1 Waste Crime Alert WasteForce Introduction The objective of the Waste Crime Alerts is to provide authorities with an up-to-date overview of developments in the illicit waste trade. The Waste Force project partners collected and analysed the latest information on waste crime to identify trends and possible threats of illegal waste trade, for example to certain geographic locations/routes and the identification of modus operandi for specific waste flows. The collected open source information includes news cases, enforcement agency bulletins, outcomes of court cases, relevant publications and policy updates. The Waste Crime Alert will be published by the WasteForce project every three months. This Waste Crime Alert #2 summarises information that was published between March 2019 and May 2019. The waste crime alerts report primarily on transboundary waste crime cases. The Waste Crime Alert is structured as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Summary of Publications and Legislative updates, see also the overview in Annex I 3. New videos and documentaries 4. Summary of News cases published, see also the overview in Annex II Summary of new publications and legislative and governance updates. (Annex I) In this section a summary will be presented of recent publications, highlighting important trafficking routes, hot spots, modus operandi and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Solving Plastic Pollution Through Accountability 5 CALL to ACTION
    REPORT INT SOLVING PLASTIC POLLUTION 2019 THROUGH ACCOUNTABILITY WARNING: Plastics are polluting nature, endangering wildlife and taxing natural systems. It is entering the food we eat and the air we breathe. CONTENTS CALL TO ACTION ..................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUmmARY ............................................................. 8 The report was written by Dalberg Advisors, and the team comprised of Wijnand de Wit, POLLUTION FROM PLASTICS – A THREAT TO NATURE AND SOCIETY ......... 12 Adam Hamilton, Rafaella Scheer, Thomas Stakes, Simon Allan. Special thanks to Alona Rivord, a conservationist and a campaigner. THE ROOT CAUse OF THE PROBLem – A TRAGedY OF THE COmmONS ....... 18 DALBERG ADVISORS BUSINess AS USUAl – POLLUTION WILL DOUBLE BY 2030 .................... 26 Dalberg Advisors is a strategy consulting firm that works to build a more inclusive and sustainable world where all people, everywhere, can reach their fullest potential. A SYSTems AppROACH TO STOP THIS TRAGedY OF THE COmmONS ........ 32 We partner with and serve communities, governments, and companies providing an innovative mix of services – advisory, investment, research, analytics, and design – to ANNEX 1: PLASTICS 101 - WHAT IS THIS MATERIAL? .......................... 38 create impact at scale. ANNEX 2: MOdeLLING METHODOLOGY .......................................... 40 WWF GLOssARY ........................................................................... 42 WWF is one of the world’s largest and
    [Show full text]