DOCSLIB.ORG

Chrysomya Bezziana As a Causative Agent of Human Myiasis in Fars Province, Southern Iran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chrysomya Bezziana As a Causative Agent of Human Myiasis in Fars Province, Southern Iran Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, (2009), 3(1): 60-63 A Faramarzi et al: Chrysomya bezziana as … Case report Chrysomya bezziana as a Causative Agent of Human Myiasis in Fars Province, Southern Iran A Faramarzi, AR Rasekhi, M Kalantari, *GR Hatam Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Received 13 Jun 2009; accepted 1 Sep 2009) Abstract Myiasis is the invasion of body tissues of humans or animals by the larvae of the Diptera or two-winged flies. The various forms of myiasis may be classified from clinical or entomological point. This study describes the existence of Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) cases as a causative agent of myiasis in 18 and 87 year-old men in two different regions in Fars Province. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of mentioned species in this province. Keywords: Chrysomya bezziana, Myiasis, Iran Introduction Case report Myiasis can be defined as invasion of Two cases with the following charac- the organs and tissues of human or vertebrate teristics were investigated in this study. animals with dipterous larvae (Rohela et al. An 18 yr old boy from Lamerd County 2006). Dipterous larvae belonging to the fam- was one of the victims of variable myiasis cases ily Calliphoridae are able to invade to hu- causes in Fars Province. He was referred to mans’ tissues or cavities (Granz et al. 1975). Khalili Hospital (affiliated to Shiraz Univer- They are usually saprophagous, feeding on car- sity of Medical Sciences) by his mother. He casses, but the eggs can also be laid upon live- was a known case of congenital cerebral palsy stock and humans, or either on wounds, sores with quadriplegia and mental retardation asso- or areas contaminated with faeces or urine, ciated with severe failure to thrive. He was where the feeding of larvae causes debilitat- referred due to an oral lesion and poor feed- ing myiases (Green et al. 2004). They have ing because of his inability to feed orally. His been reported as a secondary myiasis producer family was in low economic status with poor in livestock operations (Byrd and Allen 2001). hygiene. In physical examination, he looked Myiasis appears toArchive be fairly common but un- oflike a 5 SIDyr old boy due to severe failure to derestimated in many rural areas. In some areas thrive. He had diffused erythematous, a tender of Fars Province in the south of Iran and, the hard palate and a superficial ulcerative mu- cases of myiasis caused by this family spe- cosal lesion between the peripheral aspect of cially belonging to Chrysomya bezziana have the palate and the upper gum, associated with been increased (Navidpour et al. 1996; Rad- odynophagia, lethargy and dehydration. A Total manesh et al. 2000, Masoodi et al. 2004). This of 33 worm-like organisms were detected in study presents two patient cases of myiasis in- the peripheral part of his palate (Fig. 1a). Dur- fected by C. bezziana. The importance of this ing the hospital course, after local and suppor- study was to report the new species of myiasis tive therapy condition of the patient, he im- in Fars Province in the south of Iran. proved and was discharged from hospital. *Coresponding author: Dr Gholam Reza Hatam, E-mail: [email protected] 60 www.SID.ir Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, (2009), 3(1): 60-63 A Faramarzi et al: Chrysomya bezziana as … Another case was an 87 yr old addict on the anterior spiracles are six, which would man with cardiovascular as well as peripheral give a definitive identification of C. bezziana. vascular disease based on the longstanding dia- Finally, the robust spine bands (Fig. 1b), are betes mellitus from Shiraz, southern Iran. He other indicative criteria of C. bezziana (Belding also referred to hospital with chief complaint 196), as well as characteristics of reared adults. of severe itching of both lower extremities. The In the subfamily Chrysomyinae, body-length patient had history of both feet vascular ulcers varies between 8 and 12 mm, abdomen and for which receiving pentoxiphiline at a dose thorax is shining metallic, dorsum of the first of 1000 mg/day and also antianginal drugs. and the second abdominal tergites are black. In both cases, the different stages of iso- Body is metallic green or blue and abdomi- lated larvae were cultured in Blood Agar (BA) nal tergites include narrow dark bands along medium. The growth rates of them were fol- posterior margins. Legs are black or partly lowed up at 37 oC incubator, and the metamor- dark-brown; wings are hyaline with the infus- phosis of the pupa to the adult stage were cated base (Fig. 2) (Whitworth 2006). followed in glass flasks containing BA medium Based on the mentioned diagnostic keys (Kalantari et al. 2006). and comparing the whole shape of the larvae Diagnosis of myiasis causing larvae is (Fig. 1b), posterior spiracles (Fig. 1c), cephalo- based on the form of spiracles, cephalopharyn- pharyngeal skeleton (Fig. 1d), and also adult geal skeleton, shape and size of developed lar- characteristics, they were diagnosed as Chry- vae: the posterior spiracles (Fig. 1c), do not somya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). have a distinct button and the numbers of lobes Archive of SID Fig.1. (a): The patient's mouth part infested by Chrysomya bezziana larva, (b): C. bezziana in the third stage of lar- vae (125×), (c): Posterior spiracle of C. bezziana in the third stage of larvae (125×), (d): Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of C. bezziana in the third larval stage (125×) (Original photos) 61 www.SID.ir Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, (2009), 3(1): 60-63 A Faramarzi et al: Chrysomya bezziana as … Fig. 2. Details of the adult of Chrysomya bezziana found in this study: (a): whole body (40×), (b): wing (100×), tho- rax (125×), (d): head (125×) (Original photos). Discussion et al. 2008). C. bezziana (Diptera: Calliphori- dae) has been reported from Khoozestan Pro- A number of species in Calliphoridae fa- vince, Southeastern, Iran (Navidpour et al. mily are responsible for causing myiasis in hu- 1996; Radmanesh et al. 2000). However, to man and animals (Zumpt 1965, Granz et al. our knowledge this is the first observation of 1975). Human myiasis due to this family have C. bezziana as the causative agent of oral been reported from the United States of and wound myiasis in Fars Province. America (Hall et al. 1986; Alexis and Mittle- man 1988; Miller et al. 1990) and Canada (Ali- References khan and Ali-khan 1975). They have also been reported as the agents of urogenital myiasis in Alexis JB, Mittleman RE (1988) An unusual Pakistan (Jabbar-khan and Jabbar-khan 1985). case of Phormia regina myiasis of the Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) scalp. Am Clin Pathol. 90: 734–737. has caused wound (Talari et al. 2004) and Ali-khan FE, Ali-khan Z (1975) A case of auricular myiasis (YaghoobiArchive et al. 2005) in the of traumaticSID dermal myiasis in Quebec central parts of Iran. A rare case of internal caused by Phormia regina (Meigen) myiasis caused by Cynomyopsis cadaverina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Can J Zool. 53: has been reported from Shiraz, Southern Iran 1472–1476. (Kalantari et al. 2006). An oral mucosal myi- Belding DL (1965) Textbook of Parasitology. asis has been caused by Oestrus ovis in Ha- Third edition, Meredith Publishing Com- madan, situated 336 km south west of Te- pany. New York. hran (Hakimi and Yazdi. 2002). In Shiraz, A Byrd JH, Allen JC (2001) The development of case of gingival myiasis due to Wohlfahrtia the black blow fly, Phormia regina magnifica has been reported (Mohammadzadeh (Meigen). Forensic Sci Int. 120: 79–88. 62 www.SID.ir Iranian J Arthropod-Borne Dis, (2009), 3(1): 60-63 A Faramarzi et al: Chrysomya bezziana as … Granz W, Schneider D, Schmann H (1975) in Pennsylvania. J Am Podiatr Med Human myiasis in middle Europe. Z Assoc. 80: 600–602. Gesamte Inn Med. 38: 293–301. Mohammadzadeh T, Hadadzadeh R, Esfan- Green PWC, Simmonds MSJ, Blaney WM, diari F, Sadjjadi SM (2008) A case of Khambay BPS (2004) Effects of plant- gingival myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia derived compounds on larvae of a blow- magnifica. Iranian J Arthropod-Borne fly species that causes secondary my- Dis. 2(1): 53–56. iasis: laboratory studies. Phytother Res. Navidpour S, Hoghooghi-rad N, Goodarzi H, 18: 538-541. Pooladgar (1996) An outbreak of Chry- Hakimi R, Yazdi I (2002) Oral mucosa myi- somya bezziana in Khoozestan Prov- asis caused by Oestrus ovis. Arch ince, Iran. Vet Rec. 139: 217. Iranian Med. 5: 194–196. Radmanesh M, Khataminia Gh, Eliasi P, Korai Hall RD, Anderson PC, Clark DP (1986) A MK, Ebrahimi A (2000) Chrysomya case of human myiasis caused by Phor- bezziana-infested basal cell carcinoma mia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in destroying the eye. Int J Dermatol. Missouri, USA. J Med Entomol. 23: 39: 455–462. 578–579. Rohela M, Jamaiah I, Amir L, Nissapatorn V Jabbar-khan MA, Jabbar-khan R (1985) A case (2006) A case of auricular myiasis in of urogenital myiasis of infant caused by Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med maggots of the black blow-fly, Phor- Public Health. 37: 91–94. mia regina (Maigen) (Diptera: Cal- Talari SA, Sadr F, Dorrodgar A, Talari MR, liphoridae), in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Gharabagh AS (2004) Wound myiasis Med J. 28: 54–57. caused by Lucilia sericata. Arch Ira- Kalantari M, Rezanezhad H, Sherafat-mola AA, nian Med. 7(2): 128–129. Asgari Q, Sadjjadi SM (2006) Eva- Whitworth T (2006) Keys to the genera and luation of larval myiasis growth rate Cy- species of blow flies (Diptera: Callip- nomyopsis cadaverina (Diptera: Cal- horidae) of America North of Mexico.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FLY, Chrysomya Bezziana (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) COLLECTED from HUMAN WOUNDS
    -19- USE OF DEVELOPMENT DATA TO ESTIMATE COLONIZATION TIME OF THE MYIASIS-CAUSING FLY, chrysomya bezziana (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) COLLECTED FROM HUMAN WOUNDS Bambaradeniya Y.T.B.1, Karunarathne W.A.I.P.*1, Goonerathne I.2, Kotakadeniya R.B.3, Tomberlin J.K.4 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, 2Department of Forensic Medicine, 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka & 4Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA ABSTRACT Forensic entomological techniques are environment, based on the time scale highly accepted for forensic investigations calculated from above method. all over the world, especially to estimate the time of colonization (TOC) as related to the Key words: Forensic entomology, time of postmortem interval (PMI) of human or colonization, accumulated degree day, other vertebrate remains as well as with myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana cases of neglect or abuse. Here, the accumulated degree days (ADD) method Corresponding author: [email protected] was used to calculate the TOC as related to three cases of myiasis associated with individuals admitted to the teaching hospital, Peradeniya during 2016. INTRODUCTION Chrysomya bezziana was recorded as the responsible species for all three cases. Forensic entomology is the application of Chrysomya bezziana is an obligatory arthropod-related material as evidence in myiasis-causing fly species commonly criminal investigations1. Entomological infesting human and farm animals mainly in evidence can be used to resolve three major tropical and subtropical countries. questions. Such material can be used to According to the present study, time of determine when, how and where a particular colonization of wounds by C.
    [Show full text]
  • Screwworm Myiasis
    Screwworm Importance Screwworms are fly larvae (maggots) that feed on living flesh. These parasites Myiasis infest all mammals and, rarely, birds. Two different species of flies cause screwworm myiasis: New World screwworms (Cochliomyia hominivorax) occur in the western hemisphere, and Old World screwworms (Chrysomya bezziana) are found in the eastern hemisphere. However, the climatic requirements for these two species are similar, and they could become established in either hemisphere. New World and Old World screwworms have adapted to fill the same niche, and their life cycles are Last Updated: October 3, 2007 nearly identical. Female flies lay their eggs at the edges of wounds or on mucous membranes. When they hatch, the larvae enter the body, grow and feed, progressively enlarging the wound. Eventually, they drop to the ground to pupate and develop into adults. Screwworms can enter wounds as small as a tick bite. Left untreated, infestations can be fatal. Screwworms have been eradicated from some parts of the world, including the southern United States, but infested animals are occasionally imported into screwworm-free countries. These infestations must be recognized and treated promptly; if the larvae are allowed to leave the wound, they can introduce these parasites into the area. Etiology New World screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Old World screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve). Both species are members of the subfamily Chrysomyinae in the family Calliphoridae (blowflies). Species Affected All warm-blooded animals can be infested by screwworms; however, these parasites are common in mammals and rare in birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Success of Nitenpyram in the Treatment Of
    CASE REPORT Success of nitenpyram in the treatment of ocular myiasis in the orbital cavity of a dog – case report p-ISSN 0100-2430 Sucesso do nitempiram no tratamento de miíase ocular em e-ISSN 2527-2179 cavidade orbital em cão – relato de caso Fernando Rocha Miranda1 , Renan Bernardes Tavares2 , Ciro Eugenio da Silva de Oliveira2 , Emily Andressa Santos1 , Diefrey Ribeiro Campos3 , Fabio Barbour Scott4 and Júlio Israel Fernandes5 1Veterinary. Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária – LQEPV, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil 2Veterinary Medicine Graduate Student. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil 3Veterinary, Dr. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias – PPGMV, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil 4Veterinary, Dr. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil 5Veterinary, Dr. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil Abstract The aim of this study is to report the efficacy of nitenpyram against Cochiliomiyia hominivorax larvae in How to cite: Miranda F.R., Tavares R.B., Oliveira ocular myiasis of a naturally infested dog. A female Beagle with ocular myiasis was attended. After care and C.E.S., Santos E.A., Campos D.R., Scott F.B., Fernandes J.I. (2020). Success of nitenpyram clinical examination, the involvement of the entire ocular and periocular region was found. The animal was in the treatment of ocular myiasis in the treated orally with a dose of 4.7 mg/kg of nitenpyram together with analgesic medication.
    [Show full text]
  • 288-292 Sukontason KL.Pmd
    Tropical Biomedicine 35(1): 288–292 (2018) Short Communication Orbital ophthalmomyiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Thailand Ausayakhun, S.1, Limsopatham, K.2, Sanit, S.2, Sukontason, K.2 and Sukontason, K.L.2* 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received 2 August 2017; received in revised form 5 October 2017; accepted 6 October 2017 Abstract. Orbital ophthalmomyiasis occurs infrequently in Thailand. Herein, we report a case in Chiang Mai, Thailand, of orbital ophthalmomyiasis due to larvae of the blow fly Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). A 94-year-old woman was admitted to Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, with a swollen and ulcerated right upper eyelid. The lesion in the eyelid had multiple holes around the ulcer site; bleeding was accompanied by pus and necrotic tissue – the site was filled with dipteran larvae. Eleven larvae were removed from the patient, of which five were killed for microscopic examination and six were reared in the laboratory under ambient temperature and natural relative humidity until they metamorphose into adult. Five third instars and one adult were morphologically identified as C. bezziana. The predisposing factors were probably chronic immobility, inability of the patient to perform daily activities, and presumably neglected and/or poor personal hygiene. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported case of orbital ophthalmomyiasis caused by C. bezziana in Thailand. Myiasis is an infestation by dipterous larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Siripoonya et al., 1993); in humans or other vertebrates; they, at least and Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) for a certain period, feed on the host’s dead (Solgi et al., 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Screwworm Myiasis
    Screwworm Importance Screwworms are fly larvae (maggots) that feed on living flesh. These parasites Myiasis infest all mammals and, rarely, birds. Two different species of flies cause screwworm myiasis: New World screwworms (Cochliomyia hominivorax) occur in the Western Hemisphere, and Old World screwworms (Chrysomya bezziana) are found in the Eastern Hemisphere. However, the climatic requirements for these two species are Last Full Review: December 2012 similar, and they could become established in either hemisphere. New World and Old World screwworms have adapted to fill the same niche, and their life cycles are Minor Updates: January 2016 nearly identical. Female flies lay their eggs at the edges of wounds or on mucous membranes. When they hatch, the larvae enter the body, grow and feed, progressively enlarging the wound. Eventually, they drop to the ground to pupate and develop into adults. Screwworms can enter wounds as small as a tick bite. Left untreated, infestations can be fatal. Screwworms have been eradicated from some parts of the world, including the southern United States, Mexico and Central America, but infested animals are occasionally imported into screwworm-free countries. These infestations must be recognized and treated promptly; if the larvae are allowed to leave the wound, they can introduce these parasites into the area. Etiology New World screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Old World screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve). Both species are members of the subfamily Chrysomyinae in the family Calliphoridae (blowflies). Species Affected All warm-blooded animals can be infested by screwworms; however, these parasites are common in mammals and rare in birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Urinogenital Myiasis from Blow Fly in a Pakistani Child Farrah Zaidi, Naheed Ali and Muhammad Khisroon
    CASE REPORT Urinogenital Myiasis From Blow Fly in a Pakistani Child Farrah Zaidi, Naheed Ali and Muhammad Khisroon ABSTRACT Herein is reported the first case of urogenital myiasis from Peshawar, Pakistan. Third instar blow fly larvae were recovered from the urinogenital tract of a 5-year old female child. The larvae were identified as Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve), using Light and Scanning Electron microscopic techniques. The study brings into focus the subject of human myiasis, about which little is known in Pakistan. Key Words: Human myiasis. Chrysomya bezziana. Pakistan. Urogenital myiasis. INTRODUCTION (Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Diptera, Myiasis is a parasitic disease of humans and other Family: Calliphoridae, sub-family Chrysomyiinae, vertebrate animals, caused by dipterous larvae. The Genus: Chrysomya) and the doctor was informed. condition has been studied widely in humans, farm Examination of the urogenital tract showed no further animals, and pets.1 In humans, the disease manifests infestation and superficial ulcers with a mild purulent itself in various forms depending on the site of tissue ulcer slough. The wound was cleaned and disinfected, it infestation by larvae such as ocular, nasopharyngeal, did not require major debridement. Three consecutive oral and urinogenital myiasis.1-3 Most of these forms follow-up examinations of the patient, one after a are usually associated with poor general health and fortnight and the other two after a month's interval, hygiene.3 Larvae of more than 50 fly species are showed rapid healing and no signs of worm infestation. implicated in myiasis.2 Important species include The parents were strictly advised to keep the wound Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya megacephala, covered in order to prevent access of gravid female Chrysomya rufifacies and Lucilia sericata;4 all being flies and recurrence of condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Characteristics of Chrysomya Bezziana Based on External Morphology Study
    JITV Vol. 17 No 1 Th. 2012: 36-48 Geographical Characteristics of Chrysomya bezziana Based on External Morphology Study 1,2,3 1 2 3 2 APRIL H. WARDHANA , S. MUHARSINI , P.D. READY , M.M. CAMERON and M.J.R. HALL 1Department of Parasitology, Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science, Bogor, Indonesia 2Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 3Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (Diterima 5 Maret 2012; disetujui 29 Maret 2012) ABSTRAK WARDHANA, A.H., S. MUHARSINI, P.D. READY, M.M. CAMERON dan M.J.R. HALL. 2012. Karakterisasi Geografi Chrsyomya bezziana berdasarkan pada studi morfologi ekternal. JITV 17(1): 36-48. Identifikasi berdasarkan morfologi karakter eksternal Chrysomya bezziana merupakan tahap penting untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program pemberantasan penyakit myiasis dengan tehnik pemandulan lalat. Kendati demikian, variasi geografi lalat C. bezziana masih menjadi kontroversial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik penyimpanan sampel terhadap visualisasi morfologi karakter eksternal dan menganalisis variasi geografi populasi lalat tersebut di sepanjang daerah penyebarannya. Sebanyak 88 lalat yang berasal dari 7 populasi Indonesia, 2 populasi Afrika dan masing-masing 1 populasi dari Oman, India, Malaysia dan Papua New Guenia (PNG) digunakan pada studi ini. Larva lalat dikoleksi dari kasus myiasis alami dan dipelihara di laboratorium hingga menjadi lalat dewasa. Sampel disimpan dalam etanol 80% (penyimpanan basah) dan pin (penyimpanan kering). Sepuluh karakter eksternal dari kepala dan tubuh lalat digunakan sebagai parameter. Data diuji menggunakan analisis prinsip komponen and hirarki kelompok dalam program UNISTAT. Adapun jarak antar kelompok dianalisis menggunakan UPGMA.
    [Show full text]
  • Chrysomya Bezziana: a Case Report in a Dog from Southern China and Review of the Chinese Literature
    Parasitology Research (2019) 118:3237–3240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06464-x ARTHROPODS AND MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER Chrysomya bezziana: a case report in a dog from Southern China and review of the Chinese literature Fang Fang1 & Qinghua Chang1 & Zhaoan Sheng1 & Yu Zhang1 & Zhijuan Yin2 & Jacques Guillot3 Received: 21 November 2018 /Accepted: 22 September 2019 / Published online: 26 O ctober 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Chrysomya bezziana is an obligate, myiasis-causing fly in humans and warm-blooded animals throughout the tropical and subtropical Old World. We report a case of cutaneous myiasis due to C. bezziana in a dog from Guangxi province in China. A total of 35 maggots were removed from the lesions. Direct sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed that the specimen belonged to haplotype CB_bezz02, which was previously reported in Malaysia and the Gulf region. This paper also reviews reported cases of screwworm myiasis from humans and animals in China. Geographical records indicate that the distribution of C. bezziana is expanding, suggesting that an integrated pest management control should be taken into consider- ation in China. Keywords Chrysomya bezziana . Myiasis . Cytochrome b . Dog . China Introduction from Guangxi province in China. This represents the first case of haplotype CB_bezz02 ever recorded in China. The paper The Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana,belongs also reviews cases previously reported in the literature of to the order Diptera and family Calliphoridae. This obligate, screwworm myiasis in humans and animals in China, adding myiasis-causing fly is widely distributed in tropical and sub- new geographical records to the known distribution of the tropical areas in Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian subconti- parasite.
    [Show full text]
  • Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques
    051346-CN131-Book.qxd 2005-04-19 13:34 Page 1 FAO/IAEA International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques 9 - 13 May 2005 Vienna International Centre Vienna, Austria BOOK OF EXTENDED SYNOPSES FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IAEA-CN-131 051346-CN131-Book.qxd 2005-04-19 13:34 Page 2 The material in this book has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the government(s) of the designating Member State(s). The IAEA cannot be held responsible for any material reproduced in this book. TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING SESSION: SETTING THE SCENE..................................................................................1 Area-wide Pest Management: Environmental and Economic Issues .......................................................3 D. Pimentel Regional Management Strategy of Cotton Bollworm in China ...............................................................4 K. Wu SESSION 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES...........................7 Boll Weevil Eradication in the United States...........................................................................................9 O. El-Lissy and W. Grefenstette Integrated Systems for Control of Pink Bollworm in Cotton.................................................................10 T. J. Henneberry SESSION 2: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES.........................13
    [Show full text]
  • Species Identification of Forensically Important Fly Larvae by Integrating Morphological Characteristics and Protein Profiles
    Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 42 (6), 1215-1220, Nov. - Dec. 2020 Original Article Species identification of forensically important fly larvae by integrating morphological characteristics and protein profiles Pluemkamon Phuwanatsarunya1, Nuttanan Hongsrichan2, Tarinee Chaiwong3, Marutpong Panya3, and Nophawan Bunchu1, 4* 1 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand 2 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand 3 College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190 Thailand 4 Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand Received: 1 October 2018; Revised: 14 March 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019 Abstract The correct identification of fly species has a crucial role in accurately performed forensic investigations. Species identification of fly larvae by observing only morphological characteristics is difficult and less accurate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop an alternative tool for identifying fly larvae by integrating morphological characteristics and protein expression profiles. Excretory-secretory (ES) protein profiles from third stage larvae of five fly species were evaluated to differentiate these species, including Chrysomya megacephala, Achoetandrus rufifacies, Lucilia cuprina, Musca domestica, and Boettcherisca nathani, based on the SDS-PAGE technique. They were also assessed for morphological characteristics. The results showed that different protein patterns in ES products and morphological characteristics were observed among these fly species. A novel dichotomous key for identification of fly larvae was developed by combining unique patterns of ES protein profiles with morphological characteristics. However, studies including other fly species should be pursued.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly Species of Forensic Importance Kom Sukontasona,*, Kabkaew L
    Forensic Science International 154 (2005) 195–199 www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Morphology of second and third instars of Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of forensic importance Kom Sukontasona,*, Kabkaew L. Sukontasona, Somsak Piangjaia, Paitoon Narongchaib, Wirachai Samaib, Noppawan Boonchua, Duanghatai Sripakdeea, Radchadawan Ngern-kluna, Sirisuda Siriwattanarungseea aDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand bDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Received 23 April 2004; accepted 20 October 2004 Available online 8 December 2004 Abstract The morphology of the second and third instars of Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton, a fly species of forensic importance, was presented by use of light microscopy. Both instars were of hairy appearance, bearing elongated tubercles along the abdominal and caudal segments. The anterior spiracle had 13–15 papillae. Minute dark spots were observed to thoroughly cover the tubercle’s surface, with 4–6 strong dark tips. Regarding the third instar, the intersegmental spines between the prothorax and mesothorax were heavily pigmented. The posterior spiracle had a thick and heavily pigmented incomplete peritreme. The surface and tip of the tubercles was covered with heavily pigmented sharp spines. The integument of the body was covered with numerous distinct net-like patches. A comparison with another well-known hairy maggot, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), was discussed. # 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Chrysomya villeneuvi; Fly larvae; Identification; Forensic entomology 1. Introduction body are distinctive [2]. Since anatomical studies on imma- ture stages of C. villeneuvi are minimal particularly in the Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton is a forensically important larvae, we herein describe additional features of the second blowflies species because its larvae have been found in and third instars, while highlighting the most important human corpses [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • Cochliomyia Hominivorax, for Biotechnology-Enhanced SIT Carolina Concha1,2*†, Ying Yan3†, Alex Arp4,5, Evelin Quilarque4, Agustin Sagel4, Adalberto Pérez De León5, W
    Concha et al. BMC Genetics 2020, 21(Suppl 2):143 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-00948-x RESEARCH Open Access An early female lethal system of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, for biotechnology-enhanced SIT Carolina Concha1,2*†, Ying Yan3†, Alex Arp4,5, Evelin Quilarque4, Agustin Sagel4, Adalberto Pérez de León5, W. Owen McMillan2, Steven Skoda4,5 and Maxwell J. Scott6* Abstract Background: The New World Screwworm fly (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite of warm-blooded animals and a major pest of livestock in parts of South America and the Caribbean where it remains endemic. In North and Central America it was eradicated using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). A control program is managed cooperatively between the governments of the United States and Panama to prevent the northward spread of NWS from infested countries in South America. This is accomplished by maintaining a permanent barrier through the release of millions of sterile male and female flies in the border between Panama and Colombia. Our research team demonstrated the utility of biotechnology-enhanced approaches for SIT by developing a male-only strain of the NWS. The strain carried a single component tetracycline repressible female lethal system where females died at late larval/pupal stages. The control program can be further improved by removing females during embryonic development as larval diet costs are significant. Results: The strains developed carry a two-component system consisting of the Lucilia sericata bottleneck gene promoter driving expression of the tTA gene and a tTA-regulated Lshid proapoptotic effector gene. Insertion of the sex-specifically spliced intron from the C.
    [Show full text]