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Taxonomic Review of the Korean Tipulinae (Diptera: Tipulidae)

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Taxonomic Review of the Korean Tipulinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) H.M.Entomological Baek & Y.J. Research Bae Bulletin 33(1): 20-31 (2017) Research paper Taxonomic Review of the Korean Tipulinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) Hak Myeong Baek and Yeon Jae Bae* Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea *Correspondence Abstract Yeon Jae Bae, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, The family Tipulidae (Diptera) contains as many as 5,000 species in the world. College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seventy species of the family belonging to 9 genera in 3 subfamilies are known Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of in Korea including 63 species of Tipulinae. In this study, the Korean Tipulinae Korea E-mail: [email protected] is reviewed using materials collected since the 1990s and the Alexander’s type specimens preserved in the Smithsonian Institute, USA. As a result, 66 species Received 5 September 2017 including 3 new Korean records are recognized and their diagnoses, synonymy, Accepted 15 September 2017 materials examined, distributions, and taxonomic remarks are provided. Key words: Tipulinae, Tipulidae, Diptera, taxonomy, Korea Introduction (1961, 1964) studied the genus Tipula fauna of USSR, and included 20 Tipula species from North Korea including Al- The crane flies (superfamily Tipuloidea) are one of the larg- exander’s records. Kim (1971) in ‘Distribution Atlas of the est groups in Diptera, with 4 families (Cylindrotomidae, Li- Insect of Korea’ included 11 species of Korean Tipulinae moniidae, Pediciidae, and Tipulidae), over 200 genera (326 without referring to previous studies. In the genus Nephro- subgenera), and approximately 15,000 described species. toma, Tangelder (1984) studied Palaearctic species with 5 The adults are characterized by long slender legs, V-shaped new records from Korea. Oosterbroek (1985) arranged Japa- structure on mesonotum, absence of ocelli, and wing vena- nese Nephrotoma with Korean distributions of 14 species. tion with completely developed 2 anal veins (Alexander and In the ‘Palaearctic Catalogue of Diptera’ (Oostebroke & Byers 1981, Gelhaus 2009). The larvae possess retractible Theowald 1992), 40 species of Korean Tipulinae were re- hemicephalous head capsule. corded consisting of 1 Indotipula, 18 Nephrotoma, 2 Prion- The family Tipulidae, which contains approximately 5,000 ocera, and 19 Tipula species. However, the ‘Check List of species with 38 genera globally, is distinguished by gener- Insects from Korea’, published by ESK and KSAE (1994) ally large size, distinct nasus, and elongated terminal palpi and included 23 species of Korean Tipulinae, did not refer segment. The Tipulinae is the largest subfamily and includes to previous catalogue of Oostebroke and Theowald (1992). approximately 4,000 species in the world. The adult Tipuli- Later, the ‘Korean Checklist of Insects’ (Paek et al. 2010, nae is distinguished from other subfamilies by simple cylin- Jung et al. 2011) followed only the checklist of ESK and drical antennal flagellomeres without any branch and long KSAE (1994). Recently, a comprehensive checklist of the but stout legs. Currently, 63 species of Tipulinae are known Tipulinae covered all previous literatures was prepared by in Korea. Considering a high degree of the species diversity NIBR (2013) with 57 Tipulinae species including 1 Indoti- of crane flies, a large number of crane flies including Tipuli- pula, 1 Leptotarsus, 21 Nephrotoma, 4 Prionocera, and 30 nae species are supposed to be undiscovered in Korea. Tipula species. Baek and Bae (2016a, 2016b) additionally Masaki (1933a, 1933b) reported three tipulid species, recorded 1 Indotipula and 5 Tipula species from South Ko- Nephrotoma virgate, Nephrotoma makiella, and Leptotarsus rea. (Longurio) pulverosus from Korea. However, distribution of As to the larvae, Yoon and Kim (1992) studied taxono- Leptotarsus (Longurio) pulverosus is doubtful because the my of Korean Tipulidae larvae with identification of Tipula locality was recorded as ‘Corea (Shiko)’, and ‘Shiko’ cur- latemarginata latemarginat and Ttipula nigrolamina, but rently indicates Shikoku of Japan. There are no additional most of them were left unidentified. Kim and Lee (2002, distribution reports on this species except in a checklist. 2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2005a, 2005b, 2006, 2007) intensively Alexander (1934, 1935, 1945, 1950) additionally reported studied Korean species of larval Tipulidae including de- 19 Tipulinae species from the Korean peninsula. Savchenko scription, biology and life cycle of several Tipulinae species, ©20 2017 The Authors. Entomological Research Bulletin © 2017 The Entomological Society of Korea Entomological Research Bulletin 33(1): 20-31 (2017) Taxonomic Review of Korean Tipulinae Tipula (Yamatotipula) latemarginata, Tipula (Yamatotipula) Diagnosis (modified from Savchenko, 1983). Antenna with nova, Tipula (Yamatotipula) aino, Tipula (Yamatotipula) pa- 12 segments. Wings with reduction of the anal angle, A2 tagiata, and Nephrotoma virgata. vein almost parallel to anal margin, so cell A2 really nar- The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review row. Legs with reduction of spurs on foretibia, sometimes the Korean species of Tipulinae using all available materials on midtibia also. Male hypopygium commonly with bilobed including Alexander’s type specimens housed in the Smith- 9th tergite. sonian Institute (SI) in Washington D.C., USA. 1. Indotipula yamata yamata (Alexander, 1914) 산쪽각다귀 (신칭) Materials and methods Tipula yamata Alexander, 1914: 208 [holotype=♂, holo- type locality=Tokyo (Japan)]. The Tipulinae materials mainly collected in South Korea Indotipula yamata yamata Savchenko, 1983. since the 1990s were used for this study. Adult crane flies were collected by sweep nets, light traps, and Malaise traps. Diagnosis. Male hypopygium: Ninth tergite with prominent They are preserved in 100% ethanol and deposited in the chitinized 2 median lobe; each apex with numerous black Entomological Museum of Korea University (KU) in Seoul, spicules. Outer gonostylus long and broad; length as 2.3 Korea. Alexander’s type specimens preserved in the Smith- times as long as width, caudal margin with short seta. Inner sonian Institute (SI) in Washington, D.C., USA were exam- gonostylus simple with 1 lateral lobe on median part. ined to verify previous records and identifications. Materials examined. 1M, 1F, Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Saek- Male hypopygium was dissected using a fine needle un- dal-dong, Mt. Halla, 1100 goji. 16.v.2015, HM Baek [KU] der a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZ51, Japan), cleared 1M, Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Jeokmok-ri, in ca. 10% KOH, and preserved in vials filled with glycer- Garim-gyo (Br.). 11.vi.2016 YJ Bae [KU]. ol. Photographs were taken using stereomicroscope with an Distribution. South Korea, Russia (Primorskiy Kray, Sakha- image analyzer (Carl Zeiss Stereo Discovery V12 and Axio- lin, Kuril Is), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), Taiwan. Cam ICc1, Germany). Morphological terminology generally follows Alexander 2. Indotipula koreana Baek and Bae, 2016 고려각다귀 and Byers (1981) and Gelhaus (2009). Abbreviations used Indotipula koreana Baek and Bae, 2016b: 165 [holotype= in this study are as follows: M (male), F (female); Russia: ♂, holotype locality=Changwon (South Korea)]. North European Territory (NET), Central European Territory (CET), South European Territory (SET), West Siberia (WS), Diagnosis (from Baek and Bae 2016b). Male hypopygium: East Siberia (ES), and Far East (FE). Ninth tergite with a wide median protuberance, its caudal margin with bundle of seta on tiny lateral notch. Ninth ster- nite flattened without lobes or notch, only small bundle of Taxonomic accounts short seta on median margin. Outer gonostylus oval and flat- tend with small seta. Inner gonostylus quite complex with Family Tipulidae Latreille, 1802 각다귀과 long and strong seta on wide part, a long and sharp beak, Subfamily Tipulinae Kirby and Spence, 1815 각다귀아과 and median lobe with small chitinized teeth. Materials examined. 2M, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Changwon- Diagnosis. Color brown to black. Antennae commonly with gun, Unmun-myeon, N35°38′42.8″, E128°58′34.4″, 14.v. 11 cylindrical flagellomeres, usually well developed verti- 2016; HM Baek [KU]. cils (except, Prionocera). Rostrum conspicuous with distinct Distribution. South Korea. nasus. Palpi 4-segmented, with elongated terminal segment. Wings usually well developed; subcostal vein (Sc) generally Genus Leptotarsus Guerin-Meneville, 1831 배각다귀속 atrophied or incomplete; radius vein 1+2 (R1+2) usually (신칭) preserved; cubitus A (CuA) slightly constricted at branching Leptotarsus Guerin-Meneville, 1831 [Type species: Lepto- of Cubitus A1 (CuA1) and Cubitus A2 (CuA2). Legs long tarsus macquartii Guerin-Meneville, 1831]. and stout. Semnotes Westwood, 1876: 501 [Type species: Leptotarsus (Leptotarsus) imperatorius (Westwood, 1876)]. Genus Indotipula Edwards, 1931 쪽각다귀속 (신칭) Tipula (Indotipula) Edwards, 1931: 81 [Type species: Tipula 3. Leptotarsus (Longurio) pulverosus (Matsumura, 1916) walkeri Brunetti, 1911]. 노랑배각다귀 Indotipula: Savchenko, 1983: 532. Togotipula pulverosus Matsumura, 1916: 464 [holotype=♂, holotype locality=Kyoto (Japan)]. Entomological Research Bulletin 33(1): 20-31 (2017) 21 H.M. Baek & Y.J. Bae Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Ky- Nephrotoma sannio Meigen, 1838: 36 (as Tipula). ushu). Remarks. No accurate records of Korean distribution are Diagnosis. Antennae flagellomere entirely black. Occipital available for this species except
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