DOCSLIB.ORG

Namdhari Sikhs.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Namdhari Sikhs.Pdf 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 1234567890123456781 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 123456789012345672 12345678901234567 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 1234567890123456783 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs (Late) Pr Beant Kaur 2nd Edition : Sant Singh Vishav Namdhari Sangat (Regd.) Sri Bhaini Sahib Ludhiana -141126 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 123456789012345674 12345678901234567 © The Editor (2010) (Late) Pr. Beant Kaur MA (English, Punjabi) Sahitya Rattan (Hindi), BT Editor: 2nd edition Sant Singh F-213, A-1, Mansarover Garden, New Delhi 110015 Phone: +(91)(011) 25422956 First Edition – 1999 Second Edition –April 2010 Price: £ 5.00 (UK) Rs 400 (India) $ 10.00 (USA and Canada) Type Set: SRS Computers, F-213, A-1, Mansarover Garden, New Delhi 110015, Phone: +(91)(011) 25422956 & Balbir Singh (M) 9250130431 Publisher : Vishav Namdhari Sangat (Regd.), Sri Bhaini Sahib, Ludhiana, Punjab Printer : Arsee Printing Agency, Chandani Chowk, Delhi-110006 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 1234567890123456785 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 Dedicated to “Ik Kavaau Passaau Kar, Oaunkaar Anek Akaaraa …………………………. Ant Beant Na Paaraavaraa” H.H. Revd. Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji Maharaj With humble and devotional dedication from: Sant Singh, (Late) Mrs. Beant Kaur New Delhi, India 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 123456789012345676 12345678901234567 When the hands, feet and body get dirty, Water can wash away the dirt. When the clothes are soiled and stained by urine, Soap can wash them clean. But when the intellect is stained and polluted by sin, It can only be cleansed by Love of the Name. Virtue and vice do not come by mere words, Actions repeated, over and over again, are engraved on the soul. You shall harvest whatever you plant. O Nanak, by the Hukam of God's command, we come and go in reincarnation. -Japji Sahib 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 1234567890123456787 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 CONTENTS Page number 1 Thanks by the Author - Beant Kaur 9 2 Foreword by Dr W. Owen Cole 13 3 The Namdhari Sikhs - Khushwant Singh 15 4 Few Words about “Namdhari Sikhs” - S.S. Jeet 17 5 The Prologue - Sant Singh 23 6 The Satguru - Sant Singh 33 7 Incarnation of Primeval Lord - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 51 8 Satguru Balak Singh Ji - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 63 9 Satguru Ram Singh Ji - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 69 10 Satguru Hari Singh Ji - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 111 11 Satguru Pratap Singh Ji - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 119 12 Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji - Beant Kaur & Sant Singh 135 Appendices 1 A brief sketch of Namdhari Sikhs 149 - M. M. Ahluwalia 2 The Great Present Namdhari Satguru Ji 163 - S. S. Jeet 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 123456789012345678 12345678901234567 3 The Namdhari Rehatnama 171 - Hukum Namas of Satguru Ram Singh Ji 174 -W.H. Mcleod and S.S. Jeet 4 From the Writings of Important Persons 176 - Beant Kaur 5 The Namdhari Ardas 184 - W.H. Mcleod 6 Christmas morning 185 - Dr. Thomas Clough Daffern 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 1234567890123456789 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 ÈÈÈ ;qh ;fsr[o{ okw f;zx ih ;jkfJ. THANKS BY THE AUTHOR The holy scriptures throw light on the fact that whenever there is lawlessness, anarchy, chaos in the world; the saints and the pious dignitaries are tortured, oppressed by the selfish devils’, their agony, their lamentation become inaudible; there is wickedness, deception prevalent everywhere; cruelty, brutality, atrocity, treachery rule the world; sin, evil forces, demoralization, get the upper hand in the society; people develop hatred for God and become atheist; religion flees away bidding farewell to truthfulness, righteousness; the Primeval Lord appears in person for the establishment of righteousness, truthfulness, protection of the pious and noble saints. The Primeval Lord incarnated as Satguru Nanak Dev Ji in Kalyug. He made it very clear that he would live all through Kalyug under one name or an other. Hence the Sikhs firmly believe that the Guru had existed in the past, exists now and will continue to exist in the years to come. Each Guru had certain specific religious, social and cultural tasks to perform. Steady progress continued to be made during the period of each Guru as the successive Guru endeavored to complete the unfinished works of the predecessor. Apart from this, each Guru introduced new practices and reforms from time to time, as required for the benefit and upliftment of the people. In Satyug, He as a dwarf deceived Bali; in Tretayug as Ram Chander Ji, He put an end to the evil designs and devilish acts of Ravana; in Dwapayug as Lord Krishna, He smashed the devil Kansa and a number of other giants to bring relief to the people; as Satguru Nanak Dev Ji in Kalyug, He enlightened 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 1234567890123456710 Thanks by the Author 12345678901234567 the brains of those, who were groping in darkness; He dispelled the gloom and frustration of the world, and brought solace to the suffering humanity. Satguru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth successor of Satguru Nanak Dev Ji, had a specific task to perform, i.e., to flourish the religion, uplift the sages and uproot the wicked. He accomplished His task by creating the Khalsa who were fully armoured, trained and capable of protecting the poor and punishing the wicked. Satguru Ram Singh Ji, the twelfth successor of Satguru Nanak Dev Ji, laid great stress on the moral, social, religious development of the Sikhs. He made definite plans to uproot the evil designs of the British. He laid the foundation stone of the freedom struggle to get India emancipated from the yoke of slavery. To achieve independence, innumerable freedom fighters comprising of men, women and children sacrificed their lives. The Namdhari Sikhs in Panjab under the banner of Satguru Ram Singh Ji were the first ones to offer their lives, for this noble cause. Some of them were hanged to death, while others were blown to pieces by the cannons; many of them were tortured and drowned into the sea, while others were deported to Andaman and Nicobar island for life imprisonment. The number of such martyrs is countless. It is due to the sacrifices of martyrs that every Indian is enjoying the bliss of freedom and breathing freely, he can do what ever he likes, he can go where ever he wants to go as all the bondages of slavery have been shattered. He is no more a slave, he no longer lives at the mercy of others. The tree of freedom has been flourishing since independence in 1947. Its gigantic size is now capable of providing solace and comfort to all the countrymen. This book, ‘The Namdhari Sikhs’, depicts a short account of spiritual heights of Namdharis and an account of their supreme and superb sacrifices for independence of India. The martyrs could succeed in their objectives and lay down their lives smilingly only due to the spiritual and moral training imparted to them by Satguru Ram Singh Ji.After 158 years of Satguru Gobind Singh Ji’s creation 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 12345678901234567811 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 of Khalsa Panth, Satguru Ram Singh Ji prepared the Amrit, - the holy nectar, on the Baisakhi day, i.e., 12th of April, 1857, to revive the Sikh Faith, and the Khalsa Panth. He infused in them, a new spirit of bravery, fearlessness, courage and enthusiasm. This enabled the Namdhari Sikhs to bear severe hardships, overpower obstacles and face the atrocities of the British Government in India. I express my heartiest sense of gratitude and thankfulness to His Holiness Sri Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji by whose blessings, the book, “The Namdhari Sikhs”, has been composed. A detailed account of the history of the Namdhari Sikhs will require a few volumes of books. This book gives only the salient aspects of Namdhari belief and their history in brief. The book has been designed to meet the basic requirements of a number of people living in India and abroad. S. Sant Singh besides being an engineer by profession is deeply interested in the study of history and ancient literature. He has always been source of inspiration for my writings. He has extended his whole hearted co-operation in completing this book. Sh H. S. Randhawa is a sober and serene disciple of Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji. He is keenly interested in history of Sikh Religion, his initiative in Publishing this book is highly praise worthy. Sh Surjeet Singh Jeet is also a true devotee of Satguru Ji and dedicated to the research work of Namdhari Sikh history in British Isles. This project could only be completed due to their hard and sincere efforts. I am also very much thankful to Sri Gurdev Singh Ji, ex-secretary of Satguru Partap Singh Ji and Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji, who inspired me to write this book. Again, I am immensely indebted to Sri H.S. Randhawa, Sri Surjit Singh Jeet and Namdhari Sangat in England, Canada, USA, Thailand and E. Africa for the publication and distribution of this book. 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 1234567890123456712 Thanks by the Author 12345678901234567 The author and publishers are indebted to the following publishers and writers for allowing to reproduce their copyright material: ∗ Some illustrations and writings from the publications of the Namdhari Darbar - Sri Bhaini Sahib, Ludhiana ∗ Sikhism © Dr. W.H. McLeod - Publisher: Manchester University Press Manchester (1984) ∗ Namdhari Sikhs by S. Khuswant Singh, New Delhi, India - Courtesy of Asian Affairs, (London) ∗ Namdharis by Dr. M. M. Ahluwalia, Delhi University, New Delhi, India ∗ Sikhism © Dr. W.H. McLeod - Publisher: Penguin Press, London (1997) ∗ Dr G. S. Mansukhani, for some English translations of Hymns from Bhai Gurdas’s Compositions. With thanks Mrs. Beant Kaur 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 The Namdhari Sikhs 12345678901234567813 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 FOREWORD The presence of Namdhari Sikhs in the Panth is important for at least two reasons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Assistance Series HAROLD M. JONES Interviewed by: Self Initial interview date: n/a Copyright 2002 ADST Dedicated with love and affection to my family, especially to Loretta, my lovable supporting and charming wife ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The inaccuracies in this book might have been enormous without the response of a great number of people I contacted by phone to help with the recall of events, places, and people written about. To all of them I am indebted. Since we did not keep a diary of anything that resembled organized notes of the many happenings, many of our friends responded with vivid memories. I have written about people who have come into our lives and stayed for years or simply for a single visit. More specifically, Carol, our third oldest daughter and now a resident of Boulder, Colorado contributed greatly to the effort with her newly acquired editing skills. The other girls showed varying degrees of interest, and generally endorsed the effort as a good idea but could hardly find time to respond to my request for a statement about their feelings or impressions when they returned to the USA to attend college, seek employment and to live. There is no one I am so indebted to as Karen St. Rossi, a friend of the daughters and whose family we met in Kenya. Thanks to Estrellita, one of our twins, for suggesting that I link up with Karen. “Do you use your computer spelling capacity? And do you know the rule of i before e except after c?” Karen asked after completing the first lot given her for editing.
    [Show full text]
  • Namdhari Calendar Dates (2017) – According to Bikrami Calendar (2073/74) Bikram Samwat Is the Calendar Established by Indian Emperor Vikramaditya
    Namdhari Calendar Dates (2017) – According to Bikrami Calendar (2073/74) Bikram Samwat is the calendar established by Indian Emperor Vikramaditya. It is a solar calendar based on ancient Hindu tradition. The Bikram Sambat calendar is 56.7 years ahead of the solar Gregorian calendar. The dates here are taken from on Khalsa Hira Jantri 2017 and subject to change. www.kukasikhs.com & www.namdhari-world.com Thu 5 January 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Gobind Singh Ji Fri 13 January 2017 Lohri Sat 14 January 2017 Mela Magi Mukatsar Sat 14 January 2017 Sangrand (Maagh) Tue 17 January 2017 Shaheedi Mela Malerkotla (17&18 Jan) Wed 18 January 2017 Pardesh Gavan – Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji Wed 1 February 2017 Basant Panchmi & Parkash Diwas Satguru Ram Singh Ji Thu 9 February 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Har Rai Ji Sun 12 February 2017 Sangrand (Phagun) Fri 24 February 2017 Maha Shivratri Sun 12 March 2017 Holi Sun 12 March 2017 Hola Start (Sri Bhaini Sahib) Sun 12 March 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru Balak Singh Ji Tue 14 March 2017 Sangrand (Chet) Wed 15 March 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru Partap Singh Ji Thu 16 March 2017 Hola Finish (Sri Bhaini Sahib) Fri 31 March 2017 Joti Jot Guru Angad Dev Ji Sat 1 April 2017 Joti Jot Guru Har Gobind Ji Tue 4 April 2017 Sri Mata Chand Kaur Ji Diwas Wed 5 April 2017 Ramnavmi Sun 9 April 2017 Joti Jot Guru Har Krishan Ji Thu 13 April 2017 Mela Vaisakhi Thu 13 April 2017 Sangrand (Vaisakh) Sun 16 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Teg Bhadhur Ji Tue 18 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Guru Arjan Dev Ji Thu 27 April 2017 Parkash Diwas Satguru
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian War of Independence 1857
    PUBLISHER’S NOTE Most historians, British as well as Indian, have described and dismissed the rising of 1857 as a ‘Sepoy Munity’ or at best ‘The Indian Mutiny’. Indian revolution is on the other hand, and national minded leaders thinkers have regarded it as a planned and organised olitical and military rising aimed at destroying the British power in India. Mr. Sawarkar’s is an attempt to look at the incidents of 1857 from the Indian point of view. A leading revolutionary himself, was attracted and inspired by the burning zeal, the heroism, bravery, suffering and tragic fate of the leaders of 1857, and he decided to re-interpret the story and to relate it in full with the help of all the material available to him at the time. He spent days and months at the India Office Library studying the period. Finally, his work was published in 1909, under the title “The Indian War of Independence –1857”. The full story of its publication and eventual fate is related, at length, elsewhere in this volume. We shall only mention here that its entry into India was banned by the Government even before it was published. This ban was finally lifted by the Congress Government of Bombay in May 1946, and this is the first authorised edition of the book to be published in India. As the publishers of this edition we take here the opportunity of recording our sense of gratitute to Mr.G.M.Joshi, editor of the Marathi weekly journal Agrani, for making this work available to us, and for his continued interest in it while it was going through the press.
    [Show full text]
  • Sketching the Formative Years of Sohan Singh Bhakna's Life in Punjab
    111 Karanbir Singh: Sohan Singh Bhakna Sketching the Formative Years of Sohan Singh Bhakna’s Life in Punjab Karanbir Singh Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab _______________________________________________________________ Formed in the United States of America, the Ghadar Party was the harbinger of novel perspectives in Indian politics. The British Government crushed this movement ruthlessly during the early days of the World War I. There exist only limited literature which focuses on the lives of those Ghadarites who made daring efforts to establish a revolutionary movement. This paper assesses the early life of Sohan Singh Bhakna who was to later become the founder of the Ghadar Party. His long life span of ninety eight years presents a picture of a man who remained consistent in his actions whatever may be the consequences. In this article, an attempt is made to bring out the early, formative years, of the life of this revolutionary before he decided to migrate to America. The paper suggests that, it was not only the American liberal but racialized atmosphere which influenced his actions, leading him to think deeply about the meaning of slavery and freedom, but also his life experiences in Punjab itself, especially his interactions with Baba Kesar, which had a transforming impact on his state of mind. _______________________________________________________________ Introduction Sohan Singh Bhakna - the founder and first President of the Ghadar Party was a low profile altruistic revolutionary. From a Punjabi peasant to an American labourer and from a spirited revolutionary to a radical thinker, Bhakna’s life depicts an apt portrayal of the Ghadar Movement and its heroic legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sikh Prayer)
    Acknowledgements My sincere thanks to: Professor Emeritus Dr. Darshan Singh and Prof Parkash Kaur (Chandigarh), S. Gurvinder Singh Shampura (member S.G.P.C.), Mrs Panninder Kaur Sandhu (nee Pammy Sidhu), Dr Gurnam Singh (p.U. Patiala), S. Bhag Singh Ankhi (Chief Khalsa Diwan, Amritsar), Dr. Gurbachan Singh Bachan, Jathedar Principal Dalbir Singh Sattowal (Ghuman), S. Dilbir Singh and S. Awtar Singh (Sikh Forum, Kolkata), S. Ravinder Singh Khalsa Mohali, Jathedar Jasbinder Singh Dubai (Bhai Lalo Foundation), S. Hardarshan Singh Mejie (H.S.Mejie), S. Jaswant Singh Mann (Former President AISSF), S. Gurinderpal Singh Dhanaula (Miri-Piri Da! & Amritsar Akali Dal), S. Satnam Singh Paonta Sahib and Sarbjit Singh Ghuman (Dal Khalsa), S. Amllljit Singh Dhawan, Dr Kulwinder Singh Bajwa (p.U. Patiala), Khoji Kafir (Canada), Jathedar Amllljit Singh Chandi (Uttrancbal), Jathedar Kamaljit Singh Kundal (Sikh missionary), Jathedar Pritam Singh Matwani (Sikh missionary), Dr Amllljit Kaur Ibben Kalan, Ms Jagmohan Kaur Bassi Pathanan, Ms Gurdeep Kaur Deepi, Ms. Sarbjit Kaur. S. Surjeet Singh Chhadauri (Belgium), S Kulwinder Singh (Spain), S, Nachhatar Singh Bains (Norway), S Bhupinder Singh (Holland), S. Jageer Singh Hamdard (Birmingham), Mrs Balwinder Kaur Chahal (Sourball), S. Gurinder Singh Sacha, S.Arvinder Singh Khalsa and S. Inder Singh Jammu Mayor (ali from south-east London), S.Tejinder Singh Hounslow, S Ravinder Singh Kundra (BBC), S Jameet Singh, S Jawinder Singh, Satchit Singh, Jasbir Singh Ikkolaha and Mohinder Singh (all from Bristol), Pritam Singh 'Lala' Hounslow (all from England). Dr Awatar Singh Sekhon, S. Joginder Singh (Winnipeg, Canada), S. Balkaran Singh, S. Raghbir Singh Samagh, S. Manjit Singh Mangat, S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa Within the Sikh Community in Malaysia
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 8 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa within the Sikh Community in Malaysia Aman Daima Md. Zain1, Jaffary, Awang2, Rahimah Embong 1, Syed Mohd Hafiz Syed Omar1, Safri Ali1 1 Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Malaysia 2 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 Abstract In the pluralistic society of Malaysia, the Sikh community are categorised as an ethnic minority. They are considered as a community that share the same religion, culture and language. Despite of these similarities, they have differences in terms of their obedience to the Sikh practices. The differences could be recognized based on their division into two distintive groups namely Khalsa and non-Khalsa. The Khalsa is distinguished by baptism ceremony called as amrit sanskar, a ceremony that makes the Khalsa members bound to the strict codes of five karkas (5K), adherence to four religious prohibitions and other Sikh practices. On the other hand, the non-Khalsa individuals have flexibility to comply with these regulations, although the Sikhism requires them to undergo the amrit sanskar ceremony and become a member of Khalsa. However the existence of these two groups does not prevent them from working and living together in their religious and social spheres. This article aims to reveal the conditions of the Sikh community as a minority living in the pluralistic society in Malaysia. The method used is document analysis and interviews for collecting data needed.
    [Show full text]
  • THE EVOLUTION of the ROLE of WOMEN in the SIKH RELIGION Chapter Page
    UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT FILE NO: 23-515/08 SPIRITUAL WARRIORS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SIKH RELIGION SUBMITTED BY DR. MEENAKSHI RAJAN DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY S.K SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, VIDYAVIHAR, MUMBAI 400077 MARCH 2010 SPIRITUAL WARRIORS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SIKH RELIGION Chapter Page Number 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 ROLE OF WOMEN IN SIKH HISTORY 12 3 MATA TRIPTA 27 4 BIBI NANAKI 30 5 MATA KHIVI 36 6 BIBI BHANI 47 7 MATA SUNDARI 53 8 MAI BHAGO 57 9 SARDARNI SADA KAUR 65 10 CONCLUSION 69 BIBLIOGRAPHY 71 i Acknowledgement I acknowledge my obligation to the University Grants Commission for the financial assistance of this Minor Research Project on Spiritual Warriors: The Evolution of the Role of Women in the Sikh Religion. I extend my thanks to Principal K.Venkataramani and Prof. Parvathi Venkatesh for their constant encouragement. I am indebted to the college and library staff for their support. My endeavour could not have been realised without the love, support and encouragement from my husband, Mr.Murli Rajan and my daughter Radhika. I am grateful to my father, Dr. G.S Chauhan for sharing his deep knowledge of Sikhism and being my guiding light. ii 1 CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION Sikhism is one of the youngest among world religions. It centers on the Guru –Sikh [teacher -disciple] relationship, which is considered to be sacred. The development of Sikhism is a remarkable story of a socio- religious movement which under the leadership of ten human Gurus’ developed into a well organized force in Punjab.1Conceived in northern India, this belief system preached and propagated values of universalism, liberalism, humanism and pluralism within the context of a “medieval age.” Its teachings were “revealed’ by Guru Nanak (1469-1539 AD) who was, in turn, succeeded by nine other Gurus’.
    [Show full text]
  • ED464417.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 464 417 EA 031 655 AUTHOR LaMorte, Michael W. TITLE School Law: Cases and Concepts. Seventh Edition. ISBN ISBN-0-205-34284-1 PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 486p. AVAILABLE FROM Allyn & Bacon, A Pearson Education Company, 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02116 ($96). Tel: 800-666-9433 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.ablongman.com. PUB TYPE Books (010) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC20 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Civil Liberties; Constitutional Law; *Court Litigation; Due Process; Educational Finance; Elementary Secondary Education; Federal Government; Federal Legislation; Governance; Legal Problems; *Legal Responsibility; *Public Schools; School Desegregation; *School Law; State Church Separation; State Government; Student Rights; Teacher Rights ABSTRACT This book examines the sizable body of school law that outlines legally defensible decisions. A substantial part of it contains edited, reported, and verbatim decisions. Historical perspective is provided, as well as specific case and statutory law. Chapter 1 discusses sources of law for educators, state school board policies, attorneys-general opinions, and local school board policies. Chapter 2 examines the extent of a state's and local school system's authority. Chapter 3 considers student interests, including freedom of expression, discipline, privacy, appearance, pregnancy, and marriage. Chapter 4 examines teacher-related issues including nonrenewal and dismissal, freedom of expression, academic freedom, protesting, teacher bargaining, and political activities. Chapter 5 provides historical perspective for the issues of desegregation. Chapter 6 addresses the legal status of individuals with disabilities. Chapter 7 provides a historical perspective for legal attacks on the financing and adequacy of state school-finance plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Prohibited Items Program
    Department of Homeland Security National Protection and Programs Directorate Federal Protective Service Directive Number: 15.9.3.1 Revision Number: 0 Issue Date: 12·10·12 Prohibited Items Program I. PURPOSE This directive establishes FPS policy for applying security force countermeasures to mitigate prohibited item entry at Federal properties. It applies to all facilities or properties under the control of the General Services Administration (GSA) and any facilities or properties owned, leased, or occupied by any Federal agency contracting with FPS to provide security service. II. SCOPE A. This directive is not intended to conflict with any Federal laws or regulations, nor does it apply to searches and seizures related to a criminal investigation or arrest. B. FPS Policy Directive FPS-07-002,"Facility Entry Control," April 23, 2007 is superseded in part. III. AUTHORITIES/REFERENCES A. 18 U.S.C. §930,"Possession of Firearms and Dangerous Weapons in Federal Facilities." B. 40 U.S.C. §1315, "Law Enforcement Authority of Secretary of Homeland Security for Protection of Public Property." C. 41 C.F.R. 102-71.20 "What Definitions Apply to GSA's Real Property Polices." D. 41 C.F.R. 102-74, Subpart C-Conduct on Federal Property. E. FPS Directive 15.5.1.5, "Initial Offense/Incident Case Reporting," February 16, 2011. F. 'FPS Directive 15.9.1.6,"Security Post Desk Book Program," September 30,2010. IV. DEFINITIONS A. Access Control. The use of physical and procedural controls to ensure only authorized individuals or items are given access to a facility or secure area. B. Alarm.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 UNIT 4 SIKHISM Contents 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2
    UNIT 4 SIKHISM Contents 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Origin of Sikh Religion and Gurus 4.3 Sikh Scripture: Guru Granth Sahib 4.4 Teachings of Sikh Religion 4.5 Ethics of Sikhism 4.6 Sikh Institutions 4.7 Sikh Literature 4.8 Let Us Sum Up 4.9 Key Words 4.10 Further Readings and References 4.11 Answers to Check Your Progress 4.0 OBJECTIVES The main objective of this unit is to give an introduction to Sikhism. By the end of this Unit you are expected to understand: • the origin and development of Sikhism through the successive ten Gurus • the structural as well as conceptual framework of the Sikh Scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, and its cosmopolitan vision • the ethical aspects of Sikhism, ethical code of conduct, status of women and contributions of Sikh women to spirituality • the practical implications of Sikh teachings • the role of Sikh institutions • the Sikh ceremonies, rituals and festivals • the Sikh literature and Sikh socio-religious movements 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the history of Punjab, Guru Nanak appeared at a time when there was complete disintegration not only social and political but also moral and spiritual. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion, has presented a microscopic portrayal of society in his compositions. He was totally aware of his surrounding atmosphere, religious as well as non-religious. He condemns the external paraphernalia of religion with all its religious rites, ceremonies, sacrifices, pilgrimages, idol-worship and ascetic practices which enhance human’s ego and deprive one of highest spiritual truths. He denounces the empty religious rituals and reacted strongly against the formal ways of worship of orthodox priestly class of Islam and Hinduism.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1990 Kirpan Case: Cultural Conflict and the Development of Equity Policy in the Peel District School Board
    THE 1990 KIRPAN CASE: CULTURAL CONFLICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITY POLICY IN THE PEEL DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD by Mary S. Martin A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Graduate Department of Theory and Policy Studies Ontario Institute of Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Mary S. Martin 2011 THE 1990 KIRPAN CASE: CULTURAL CONFLICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITY POLICY IN THE PEEL DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD Doctor of Education, 2011 Mary S. Martin Graduate Department of Theory and Policy Studies Ontario Institute of Studies in Education University of Toronto Abstract In 1990, a case came before the Ontario Human Rights Commission involving the collision of a religious rights policy enshrined in the Ontario Human Rights Code 1981 and a Peel Board of Education disciplinary policy prohibiting weapons including the kirpan, a dagger-like article of religious faith worn by baptized Sikhs. Harbhajan Singh Pandori claimed infringement of his religious rights as a Sikh under the Code. In a joint complaint, the Ontario Human Rights Commission alleged the Code had been violated in a Peel Board policy restricting the religious rights of Sikhs by prohibiting the kirpan. Attempts to mediate between complainant Sikhs and the Peel Board failed. The dispute went before an Ontario Human Rights Commission tribunal adjudicated by Rabbi W. Gunther Plaut who ruled that the kirpan was a religious symbol and could be worn to school subject to restrictions. The Pandori kirpan case illustrates the complexity of resolving issues of cultural and religious conflict in public institutions undergoing demographic change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Violence of Memory: Renarrating Partition Violence in Shauna Singh Baldwin’S What the Body Remembers
    Deepti Misri The Violence of Memory: Renarrating Partition Violence in Shauna Singh Baldwin’s What the Body Remembers Abstract: This article explores how Shauna Singh Baldwin’s novel What the Body Remembers builds on Partition feminist historiography in order to exhume and retell the story of family violence against women during India’s Partition, intended to “save their honor” from rioting mobs. While feminist historiographies have restored Partition survivors’ memories of violence to the historical archive, Baldwin’s novel explicitly foregrounds the role of gendered bodies in and as the archive of communal memories of violence. I begin with Baldwin’s exploration of the embodied character of Sikh subject-formation in a pre-Partition border community, and close in, like the novel itself, on a key moment of embodied violence: the cutting up and reassem- bling of a woman’s body, whose manner of death is later reconstructed by her male family members, in the presence of a female family member. My analysis shows how the text’s layering of perspectives around this body encodes a feminist hermeneutics of doubt and models a critical practice of “reading between the lines” in order to recover the violence suppressed in the text of patriarchal memory. Furthermore, I argue, the woman’s dismembered, re-membered body in the text allegorizes the processes of disfigurement through which women’s bodies are routinely produced as “dead metaphors” for patriarchal honor; as well as the project of remembering violence differently, which the novel itself endorses. [Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–25] © 2011 by Smith College.
    [Show full text]