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1' '
I I (
r I i I r , f ~ ~ ~ ' j PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
Princeton, N.J.
President's Room
20 December, 1905.
My dear Dr. Harper:-
We yesterday afternoon held our last Uni-
varsity Faculty meeting before the Christmas Vacation and
I gathered rrom the members present so strong an impression
of their feeling of SJ11Ilpathy and admiration for you that
I am giving myself the pleasure of sending you this
Christmas greeting.
You may be sure that the qualities you have
shown in so simple and so beautiful a way during your ill-
ness have won an admiration from us all which is nothing
short of affection and personal loyalty and I know that I
am only expressing the views of every man here when I send
you a greeting from our very hearts.
Falthfully and sincerely yours,
WOODROW WILSON
To
President William R. Harper,
·' Chicago, Illinois.
----c 0 p y
POS ~cCulloh Et~e~~ , E i~l~0~ ,
r Fel.:ru~.ry, 18S6 .
l•Y d er Sir ,
I t 1 o u ii ct rr s i 1 J i :. be c1 h a .. c , wh o : e t ~ ~ r ;v a E u o onu to wtorr I could dclega~J the taol of atteno- inf! to rr,Y c-ci:r ~ );.Cn C'7Il c ; en 6 I ll nly jukit o al'lt. ,;.o attend to it rr.ys .lf.
e 11 £ o ~ r y .i o re, s. y that it wi 11 .u o t te :v s s i - tl ior U~ to arL your WiB BS BtOC givin~ a co u ... s e o f l~· ct u r s at c i ca g c n e :i:" 6 u :rr.rr.E ~~ • lv ":l
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x..ta .,-o vJl mo.rt i:o ba"1i>n'll.d rt~ :.t1.t't '1·;') ~1i11 w1 F•d .tJbt ~ ~~. rrn.&) n ~ua
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t1!llM$-i'. l 2Z D comb r , 1899.
F ! c. H n William R. H~rpe ,
On!ve~~lty of Chicago , Chicago , Ill. ,
My .i u.I' Si~ ,
y:lur kind lotter of th t :en ief.ih , n-k-
i n g i f I 11 u l d b i • i. l l ; g t o c c n 11 l d r a •• i n v i : e i ... rr ~ '.) l ... ~ .. u ~ e • ::.
s1': I em sor~Y t:i ;: ... y i :.1
w.:11 o · b pHrnit-1 fer m .. n do o . y win~ r · e ful of 1 ~ c-
tur e , both .t om d aw- y from .o e , -h~-t I f i d ilt.l?L::ne ' S V'.! -
::; i n fro· t.herc , n 1 i ure to~ lit~rary ~erk , VO.!'- itab .., .., c. e .,. ._. i t y •
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1 e tn~! t6 .o · l· '- t ~ ( lj: \ • .... . •.t • I .. . r P iuceton, Ne. Jere y , 20 M rch, 1901. Proald n Will Gm R. H~rper , uni·vertd y of ch_ce.gc, Chica~o , I ll., My a s·r, I v ry much a roo:at you kin· invi tion o lcctur ct Chio· go ncx n, summo , p ~rti ou _ ·~ ly eo you tc 11 me I m th f1 rot Pri c -on rt.c to w you hav x n e such n invitc~ion . I a. m ur he.t i would. b bo 11h pl c..;· nt and pro it bl ·· o b s - ooci tea wi"h the work of . tho Univ rsity, ~na tha I should , _ j oy greet me.ny foa ure of 'he xper ane • Bu no~ b i g in .. rn · sa in the umme not lo my v .... c i:lono be in'1 d.ed by rnrk like tho wi r 1 ~ WC k . I hnv .lre dy d olined ~c \ro . al 1 v it · ' ... ona of thi. kind ;hi oh r i . V .J y 0 • h w y moo e ·· ·" .otiv ; &nd th r~ ·eon ;;) s im- p nd oonclociv in thi c n~ in +h 0 h rs. Allot1 ?P 0 tbo.nk you vcay 'N rmly. With ,uoh re~prd , s · nco You l ly ! PrL.c:1 ton, .: . J. t :JC 1 c.t t 3m a 1 1~ ... :i c ;..( t i on ! s .rn c i at i :m ~ t o l.1" i t i you 1 o re t J •~ ir .J .. r ~ 1 o a U o , e l.J .:.i i n of h·l t Gou lC il, 1l1 ich i J to tH:1 h•ll i in 1; 0;:-.i '.on !t tlit seco11d rn .k of ._r~{ly .1 /.l, on tL.o subjoct "'l'Le Vol1:l1lar' :·..!.u: o t in gduoutlo11'' .. f Ernl r1yr.::olf t11. 1.t a gr at t1oul of nom>ansc i.., bein~; t·w ,H in theso d{ }:3 ir .1e doctdue t. .t:.L ~ c i.ild or ~tt d ent .;Lould study only r ahould 1: :e to aeo the oth r ahio i~l you con&~nt to Yours v er~' truly. t wlJt l!btibtrnity nf aLlJitagn .Jrounbtb bg JnfJn II. llntbftlltr @:ffitt nf tlf t Jtt.athtut l l .I/ J"anuary 3th, 190 6. Woodrow Wilson, . Princeton Ul'!:~'t~~Bd:~t~r, ...... ______.,. ,~ ;o.•·""· • Princeton, N. J . }~ d0ar President Wilson:- I ari1 greatly touched by your stronc; and generouR Christ111as greeting. It was kind of you and the Princeton Faculty to think of me anrl it was more kind ~_.,....-M..._... to put your thought in such beautiful and en- couraging words . I cannot tell you how much I haire l;een aided durir.g m:' illness hJr expressions ·o n.e from rriy friends. been more from the there:fore more valued than r I , -t,• ., ,/ Princ~ton , N• .J . My d9ar Dr. liarpor:- We y , jet~r~ay Rfternoon h-d.d our tr::.st tTni- You !ll'{Y ba sm·1:: th::..tt tb., r1Pd i ties you h::::ve shown i n so simpld anti so ba~ut i ful a v:ay ()1_.rring your i ll- m~es h~we v;on an adr11h·Htio:o. fro..n us '!ll.l 1\hich i s nothi ng you a gre,;;ti r.g from our v;;ry bi3a.rts . To Pr.::si dent willi t:m1 R. Harper, O( i cago, Illinois. I I "WOODRO"W "WILSON 88 'W. STATE ST .. , TRENTON. N .. J. Js.nuary 25, 1913. JJ.y clear Hr. Judson: Allow rne to thank you most warmly for your kind lottor. I appreciate it very much indeed. I beg to assure you that the sucgestion made will bo l!lost carefully considered, and I thank you for rna1dng it. t 1400 FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING /rr'1· ~ J I February 1, 1913. My Dear President Judson: You h~ve evidently been up to some mischief, judging by the enclosed, which It.hank you for letting me see. I have no id.ea that anything will come of the matter, but it is delightful to have one's friends intP-rested. Many thanks. J fr. Harry P •.Judson, Presi cnt, / __ / University of Chicago, Chicago, ILLINOIS. ( ,.., l BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION WASHINGTON CO-OPERATl NG CO-OPERATl NG CO-OPERATING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT THE BRITISH EMPIRE REPUBLIC OF FRANCE DEPARTMENT OF STATE DOMINION OF CANADA REPUBLIC OF CHILI DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY COMMONWEAL TH OF AUSTRALIA REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA DEPARTMENT OF WAR UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC OF CHINA DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA PAN AMERICAN UNION DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL .COMMITTEE OF FRANCE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRESIDENT WILSON URGES MOTION PICTURES FOR EDUCATION AND PUBLICITY ''It is in my mind not only to bring the motion picture industry into fullest and most effective contact with the nation's needs, but to give some measure of official recognition to an increasingly important factor in the development of our national life. The film has come to rank as the very high medium for the dissemination of public intelligence, and since it speaks a uni versal language it lends itself importantly to the presentation of America's plans and purposes. WOODROW vVILSON THE OFFICIAL BULLETIN "MOVIES" INFORMING PEOPLE or EVERY CLIME ON AMERICAN LIFE, CUSTOMS, AND RESh ;.-f l-" ~ The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic South America 811,259, feet .ied at Commerce, Department of Commerce, au $39,629, in 1913, and 2,638,328 fee ... , valued thorizes the following: at $126,007, in 1916; to Asia 770,418 The vogue of the motion picture in its feet, · valued at $33,065, in 1913, and spread to the far quarters of the globe 3,336,997 feet, valued at $1 19, 189, in 1916; has been more than a simple means of to Oceania 1,992,000 feet, valued at amusement. It has brought into closer $126,040, in 1913, and 8,380,999 feet, contact the races of differing language, valued at $583,054, in 1916; and to Africa those of climes whjch have no elements 9,090 feet, valued at $651, in 19 13, and in common, and the peoples of widely di 42,706 feet, valued at $6,719, in 1916. vergent social customs. By means of the In the last few months about 100 re films those. countries which have been ports have been received from American active in their production are already consular officers in all parts of the world familiar places, and the steady gains that on motion-picture markets. These, with have been made by the United States dur their stories of the amusement realms of ing the past five years toward the leader all the other nations are not lacking in ship in this industry have literally made tribute to the excellence of the products it possible for the whole world to "see of the studios of the United States. Credit America" on a large scale while sitting has been given for the quality attained in their own home towns. to the natural conditions that have favored Interest in American Films. the sites of various American studios. In the early days of the movies-and American humor is winning marked appre that was less than a generation ago ciation. Most important of all, the world has learned something about America and American audiences grew enthusiastic over wants to learn more. the French prodncts that were sent across the Atlantic to reveal the wonders of Imports Dwindling. this new art of the camera. Reports Official figures reveal the fact that the received from abroad furnish the infor producers of this country have been grad mation that Europe, Asia, and Africa are ually turning the import trade in films now showing equal enthusiasm over the from the "maunfactured class" to the perfected Amerjcan films. In a single "raw material." Notwithstanding the im month in Paris out of 13,800 meters of mense growth in the scope of such enter film shown 11,000 were American. A re tainments in the United States, imports cent report from a continental country of the finished product have been dwindling which was received by the Bureau of For for several years, but on the other hand eign and Domestic Commerce stated that our imports of sensitized but not exposed even among the pictures that were of fllms have shown substantial increase in European origin many were reproduc quantities. Imports of such raw material tions of American subjects. From far amounted to 44,717,323 feet valued at off Australia the Bureau hears that "films $889,560 in 1914; and to 58,490,768 feet from well-known American companies are valued at $750,023 in 1916. The reduction in general use.'' A consular report from in total value gives this class of goods a South Africa states that "interest :in unique distinction in an era of high prices. American family and political life has U. S. Art Spread Broadcast. been marked." Imports of motion-picture "positives" Increase in Film Exports. reached the lowest mark of recent years According to the official statistical vol in 19 16 when the amount was 6, 742,988 ume called "Commerce and Navigation," feet valued at $256,332, compared with published by the Bureau, the exports of 14,274, 788 feet valued at $825,983 in 1912, exposed films from manufacturers in the and 20,057,144 feet valued at $1,009,469 United States increased from 32,192,018 in 1914. Negatives have largely de feet in the fiscal year 1913, to 158,751,786 creased in value with an annual loss since feet in the fiscal year 1916, and that their the fiscal year 1913. American art is be value increased from $2,276,460 in the ing spread broadcast throughout the year ended June 30, 1913, to $6,757,658 in world, while other countries assist in the year ended June 30, 1916. Exports to supplying the foundation upon which that Emope were 17, 762,429 feet, ' 'alued at art is expressed. Through this medium, $1,317,531, in 1913, and 126,749,563 foet, the scenery, daily life, work and play, valued at $4,851,866, in 1916; to North even the character of the American people American countries 10,846,822 feet, valued arc made manifest with much greater at $759,544, in 1913, and 17,603,193 vividness than the printed page has ever foet, valued at $1,070,823, in 1916; tn hecn able tn reveal them. • -. t 1 • 1917 e r · 1a Bogg : 0 0 1th t. 1 0 y ot e 0 l e h b ne l if n (J 0 0 tor complete ri • 1 t ' • 0\1 0 J' "9. • t er tr · '8 o r y . . . ' . 1e 0 1 t 1 • c. 1q on :- f c is on- 1 0 () y 0 i 1 I • • l 0 • ~ • • I h•rerore, onall;r ntl 'f r htoago e J' 1 ., .. it wtll • poaa.1 1• ~or 0 • t •• ion • lt ainO·•l'• reg r t •"r.# tn11 7onra. • .J. - ~· e r id.ant. · a ingt an, • .. . . I . Chio go. a7 12. 1915. r Sir: - fh torelgn ol c o free deal lleoa ha' nowhere been pr eed ore d 1r h D la lett r or ord John . ussell to ueen 1 torla. eo~mbe~ 29, l 51i !'he g a.n r l 0£ doiO.C to oth • 89 we wtsli th t tho7 rshould d.o unto us la ()JI' ppllcable I th l1 an~ s7at m ot politic 1 sol nee. .dt honour of ,. gland does aot consl t 1 d e. i ft .,. ry n 11eh ottic r or ~ n lish ct. richt or ron • b t ht t Kln~ . c re ht ah does not int~lnge th rul 0 u t1ce, n that t y r not nrr111 d in t r. er-, tr :tl your•, D •. • ·- • h• 41tor • • York B tlon ew York, • Y. 1 \ England and France in c..Armenia THE attempted decimation of Ar- menia by the Powers is a chal lenge to the ideals and principles of President Wilson. The forces of re action are gaining the upper hand across the Atlantic. For five years France and England exploited the suffering of Armenia. But now, tak ing advantage of our absence from Paris, they seek to cut her up as the spoils of the war. We believe that the President, as a great champion of the cause of Armenia, :will not permit so monstrous a travesty of justice. By JAMES 'W. GERARD Ex-Ambassador to Germany The Powers have tentatively cut up Armenia into four parts. Part marked (1) on the above map, is assigned to France; (2) to the Kurds, under British mandate; (3) to the Turks, and, (4) to the Armenians. Proposed Armenia is shut off from her littorals on both the Black and Mediterranean Seas, is land-locked, and comprises only one-tenth of Turkish Armenia and parts of Caucasus Armenia. Armenia, as is shown on above map, consists of Caucasus and Turkish Armenia. Caucasus Armenia, now known as the Armenian Republic, has an area of 26,103 square miles, and a population of 2,159,000, of which 60% is Armenian. Turkish Armenia has an area of 101,000 square miles, according to four international documents dated, 1878, 1895, 1914 and 1918. Under Article XXIV of the armistice between the Allies and Turkey, dated November 1, 1918, provision is made for the occupation of the "Six Armenian Vilayets," which have an area of 96,000 square miles. In 1914, Turkish Armenia had an estimated population of 3,788,000 of which 1,403,000 were Armenians; 447,000 other Christians; 1,635,000 Turks, Kurds and other Moslems, and the balance other religions. Not less than 25% of the Moslems have perished during the war. Not less than 50% of the Armenians have also perished; but with the union of Caucasus Armenia with Turkish Armenia, without taking into account one million Armenians in other regions, a considerable number of whom will return to Armenia, the Armenians will consti tute about 65% of the population of United Armenia. (In 1914, the Turks formed less than 25% of the population of Turkey.) England and France in ~rmenia "And they crucify Him, and part His garments among them, casting lots upon them, what each should take." Mark 15::J4 France and England, in league with the Turks and the Kurds, are now casting lots for the garments of the victims of the Turks and the Kurds. They are cutting up Armenia. In I9I6, at a time when the Allied leaders and' statesmen had adopted the principle of the self-deter mination of peoples as their principal war cry, Great Britain and France entered into a treaty, known as the Sykes-Picot Compact, by and under which Lesser Ar menia-Cilicia-and parts of Armenia Minor and M ajar were assigned to France. The French Foreign Minister, in a letter of in struction to Georges Picot, Commissioner of the French Republic in the occupied territories of Pales tine and Syria, and dated April 2, 1917,-that is, after 1 we had entered the war,-refers to the fact that, "France has just established its special claims in Ar menia through the recent compact concluded with England . " But, on January 5, 1918, Mr. Lloyd George de clared in the House of Commons that the recognition of the separate condition of Armenia shall constitute one· of the war aims of Great Britain ; On July 11, 1918, l\fr. Balfour, in the House of Commons, stated t hat: "His Majesty's Government is following with earnest sympathy and admiration the gallant resist ance of the Armenians in defense of their liberties and honor" . . . and ref erred "to the public state ments made by leading statesmen among the Allied Powers in favor of the settlement of the Armenian case upon the principle of self-determination;'' On July 21, 1918, M. Clemenceau wrote that: "The spirit of self-abnegation of the Armenians, their' loyalty towards the Allies, their contributions to the Foreign Legion, to the Caucasian front, and to the Oriental Legion have strengthened the ties that con nect them with France," . . . and he was happy .. to confirm that "the government of the Republic, like that of Great Britain, has not ceased to place the Armenian nation among the peoples whose fate the Allies intend to settle according to the supreme laws of humanity and just ice;" On February 8, 1919, Baron Sonnino, Italian For·· eign Minister, was very happy "to express once more the sentiments of heartfelt sympathy with which the Royal Government follows the constant and noble efforts of Armenia for her independence and unity." * * * 2 On November 1, 1918, the Allies, in the instrument of the armistice with Turkey, made special provision for the occupation of the "Six Armenian Vilayets," in the event of disorder. * * * The above declarations were made and pledges were given in fa'vor of the self-determination of Armenia following the conclusion of the Sykes-Picot Treaty, so that they either superseded the provisions of that Treaty, or that the declarations and pledges in ques tion were falsely made or given. Contrary to the repeated and specific pledges which have been made to Armenia by every Allied leader, and in utter disregard of every principle of justice and of reason, the inexcusable compact be tween France and England on the one side and the Turks and the Kurds on the other to cut up Armenia, gives the lie to the underlying purposes and principles of the League of Nations; reduces every international covenant and agreement to scraps of paper; exposes governments to the ridicule and contempt of peoples everywhere, and makes another war in the not dis tant future inevitable. According to Robert Cecil, Allenby, Von Luden dorff, Von Sanders, and others, the Armenians played a decisi'l'e role in the winning of the '"War on the eastern front. And for their fidelity to the Allied cause, one million of them, were destroyed by the Turks. Shall we now permit the forces of greed and im perialism to run amuck in Christian Armenia? 3 The people of the United States have been giving tens of millions of dollars to relieve the lot of the vic tims of the Turks and Kurds. President Wilson has unequivocally pledged him self to the proposition that Armenia shall be free within her national boundaries. Spokesmen of both great political parties and thou sands of other representative Americans} including 20,000 ministers and priests} 85 Bishops} 40 Governors} 250 College and U_niversity Presidents have gone on record in favor of a free Armenia from sea to sea. Every American has the right to make a solemn appeal to the President and to his or her own Senator and Representative urging that the independence of New Armenia be recognized and that the Turks and the Kurds and their European backers be notified that the United States will not view without concern any action destructive of Armenia's national rights. JAMES vV. GERARD. February 18, 1920. The following is part of a memorandum which was telegraphed to the President on December l 8, 1919 ~· To THE PRESIDENT, Washington, D. C. "Representative American opinion has already expressed itself with convincing emphasis in favor of the creation of an Armenian State that will unite Ararat with Cilicia and which alone can become an effective barrier against the Pan-Turanian ambition of the Turks of Anatolia. We believe the American people will gladly sanction America's extending nec essary aid to Armenia during her formative period. We therefore respectfully ask that the Administration declare itself in favor of America's extending direct aid to Armenia; to that end, formulate a definite con tinuing policy, and, as a preliminary step in that direc tion, recognize at once the Armenian Republic. This recognition will enable the Armenian government to borrow the necessary funds to meet the most pressing needs of its starving people, and will also be a prac tical step toward the creation of a united Armenia." (Signed) JAMES w. GERARD CHARLES EVANS HUGHES ALTON B. PARKER ELIHU ROOT FREDERIC COURTLAND PENFIELD NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN JOHN GRIER HIBBEN PHILIP N. RHINELANDER BRADLEY A. FISKE 0 ::s zn> 11> ~ ~ 11> ~~ "f 0 THE GENERAI.: STAFF OF THE ARMENIAN ARMY p;" ::s General Nazarbekial:l (X), Chief of Staff of the Armenian Army, formerly held the rank of Major General in the Russian Army. The Armenian 0. ~ Republic, which, on January 19, 1920, was recognized by the Supreme Council in Paris, as the government of Armenia-boundaries to be defined 40g has a standing army of 18,000 men, is now rationing 28,000 men, and can raise a trained force of 50,000 men, if given equipment. 11>