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Further Investigation on the Species of Diptera from the Host Plant Zizyphus Mauritiana Lamk

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Further Investigation on the Species of Diptera from the Host Plant Zizyphus Mauritiana Lamk Bioscience Discovery, 8(4): 747-751, October - 2017 © RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Research Article Further Investigation on the species of Diptera from the host plant Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. (Rhamnaceae) from W.B, India Amit Kumar Gayen1*, Panchanan Parui2 and Surja Prakash Agarwala1 1 Vidyanagar College, Charashyamdas, South 24 Parganas, Kolkata 743503, India 2 Zoological Survey Of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M – Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, India *Email: [email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 17-08-2017, The study was carried out at New Town, near Salt Lake (North 24 parganas, West Revised: 26-09-2017, Bengal, India) during January 2017-February 2017, to document the insect Accepted: 30-09-2017 diversity, their activities, roles and abundance in Indian plum (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) flower. 12 insect species belonging to 7 families under order Keywords: Diptera were found at day time. Numbers of species of the family Syrphidae were Diptera, Diversity, high. Present communication reveals that non syrphid flies also play an important Pollinatores, West Bengal, role in the pollination activities. Peak activities of the insect visitors were mainly Zizyphus. observed from 9 am to 12 noon. Present work is the baseline data of dipteran diversity of Zizyphus mauritiana L. at New Town in Kolkata, W.B. INTRODUCTION largest insect group in the world next to New Town lies between latitude 22.5894ºN Hymenoptera and are important flower visitors and and 88.4748ºE. New Town is a neighbourhood to pollinators for many plant species and in a variety of the north of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The mean habitats. Syrphid and non syrphid both flies play an annual total rainfall of this region is 1,582 mm, with important role in the pollination activities. Nectar is maximum and minimum average temperatures being one of the most important foods for majority of 35.4°C and 13.8°C respectively. dipterans with respect to adult energetic Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. (Rhamnaceae) requirements for flight in dispersing, finding mates, commonly known as Indian jujube or Indian plum is mating, and searching sites for oviposition (Larson a spiny, evergreen shrub, grows commonly within et al., 2001). villages of central India. This species produces In a recent study in Madhya Pradesh, Mishra disciflorous flowers, where the disc on the thalamus et al. (2004) reported 30 species of flies of various serves as a nectar producing organ. The nectar families from the flowers of Zizyphus mauritiana. smeared disc in open sunlight gives an impression of Some other notable warks on dipteran Insect were exposed sugar drop, which serves to attract a great made by Brunetti (1920,1923), Ghosh and Dasgupta variety of pollinators, creating a polyphilic system (1962), Sen and Dasgupta (1964), Joseph and Parui (Mishra et al., 2004). (1980), Dutta et al. (1997), Mitra et al. (2004 & Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems 2005), Mitra et al. (2005), Mitra and Banerjee by facilitating plant reproduction (Vazquez et al., (2007), Roy et al. (2014), Brintha et al. (2015), 2005). They provide an essential ecosystem service, Maity et al. (2016), Kushwaha et al. (2017) that being responsible for 35% of global crop-based food enriched the dipteran faunal studies of Kolkata. production (Klein et al., 2007). Diptera is one of the http://biosciencediscovery.com 747 ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Amit Kumar Gayen et al., MATERIALS AND METHODS (2010), recorded it on Cosmostigma racemosum This study was conducted in the New Town. (Asclepiadaceae). Intensive field visits were carried out during 9am to 12 noon. The insects were collected with the help of 3. Family: Syrphidae insect net throughout the day of February 2017 once Genus: Eristalini Rondoni in a week for eight continuous weeks of flowering 1845. Eristalinus Rondoni, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. period. Samples were brought in polythene bags to Bologna. 2(2): 453. avoid their drying before study. Insect visitors were 3. Species: Eristalinus (Eristalinus) arvorum identified by us. (Fabricius) 1787. Syrphus arvorum Fabricius, Mant.Ins., :335. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Material examined: 2 female, 1 male, W.B, 24 Pgs. A total of 12 species of insects were recorded on the (N), Newtown, 22.I.2017, Coll. P. Parui, A. K. blossom of Z. mauritiana during 60 days period. Gayen, S.P.Agarwala. These 12-insect species belonging to 7 families Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and under order Diptera. Altogether, 12 species were Kashmir, Meghalaya, Odissa, Sikkim, Tripura and listed below with their distribution in India and West Bengal. abroad. Elsewhere: China and other parts of S E Asia; Australia, Hawaii, Japan and Micronesia. Systematic position: Remarks: From many flowers this species has been Order: Diptera recorded. Mitra (2010), recorded it from various 1. Family: Sciaridae flowering plants including Zizyphus mauritiana L. Genus: Sciara Meigen (Rhamnaceae). 1803. Sciara Meigen, Magazin Inse , 2:263 1. Species: Sciara longipennis Brunetti 4. Species: Eristalinus (Eristalinus) quinquestriatus 1912. Sciara longipennis Brunetti, Fauna Br. India, (Fabricius) Dipt. Nimatocera:143. 1794. Syrphus quinquestriatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Materials examined: 1 female, 1 male, West Bengal, 4:289. 24 Pgs. (N), Newtown, 15.II.2017, Coll. P. Parui, A. Material examined: 1 female, W.B, 24 Pgs. (N), K. Gayen. Newtown, India, 29.I.2017, Coll. P. Parui, A. K. Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh and West Gayen. Bengal. Distribution: India: Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Remark: The species is being recorded here as the Kerela, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, first flower visitor on Zizyphus mauritiana L. Odissa, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. (Rhamnaceae) in India. Elsewhere: China and other parts of Oriental Region; Japan. 2. Family: Sepsidae Remarks: This is common flower visiting fly in Genus: Australosepsis Malloch India. Mitra (2010), recorded it on Tagetes patula 1925. Australssepsis Malloch, Prac. Linn. Soc. (Asteraceae). N.S.W., 50: 314. 2. Species: Australosepsis niveipennis (Becker) 5. Species: Eristalis (Eristalis) tenax (Linnaeus) 1903. Sepsis niveipennis, Becker, Mitt. Zool, Mus. 1758. Musca tenax Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 10:591. Berl. 2(3):143. Material examined: 2 female, W.B, 24 Pgs. (N), Material examined: 1 female, W.B, 24 Pgs. (N), Newtown, India, 27.II.2017, Coll. A. K. Gayen, P. Newtown, 12.I.2017, Coll. A. K. Gayen, P. Parui. Parui. Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Odissa, Tamil Distribution: India: Cosmopolitan distribution Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. including West Bengal. Elsewhere: Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Myanmar, Elsewhere: Australia Pakistan, Philippines; Ethiopean, Mediterranean, Remarks: This is very common flower visiting fly. Australasian. Mitra (2010), recorded it from various flowering Remarks: This fly is Scavenger in habit but here it plants other than Zizyphus mauritiana L. is being recorded as a flower visiting insect on Zizyphus mauritiana L. (Rhamnaceae). Mitra http://jbsd.in 748 ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print) Bioscience Discovery, 8(4): 747-751, October - 2017 Family 4: Ulididae Remarks: This species is being recorded here also Genus: Physiphora Fallen as the flower visitor on Zizyphus mauritiana L. 1810. Physiphora Fallen, Sp. Ent.nov.Dit.:11. (Rhamnaceae). Mitra (2010), recorded it on 6. Species: Physiphora aenea (Fabricius) Cosmostigma racemosum (Asclepiadaceae) and 1794. Musca aenea Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 4:335. Zizyphus mauritiana L. (Rhamnaceae). Material examined: 1 female, W.B, 24 Pgs. (N), 9. Species: Musca (Byomya) pattoni (Austen) Newtown, India, 15.II.2017, Coll. A. K. Gayen, P. 1910. Musca pattoni Austen, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Parui. (8)5:114. Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh and West Material examined: 2 female flies, W.B, 24 Pgs. Bengal. (N), Newtown, India, 20.II.2017, Coll. P. Parui, A. Elsewhere: South Asia, Mauritius and Pacific Island. K. Gayen. Remarks: This species are encountered in varied Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, situation: on rotten fruits, garbage, rotten vegetation, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. carrion, on feces including human excrement. But Remarks: This species is recorded here as the first here the family is being recorded as the flower visitor flower visitor on Zizyphus mauritiana in India. Mitra from Zizyphus mauritiana L. (Rhamnaceae). Mitra (2010), recorded it on Cosmostigma racemosum (2010), also recorded it from Zizyphus mauritiana L. (Asclepiadaceae). (Rhamnaceae). Genus: Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830. Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, Myod,: 405. Family 5: Muscidae 10. Species: Morellia hortensia (Wiedemann) Genus: Musca Linnaeus 1824. Musca hortensia Wiedemann, Anal. Ent., 49; 1758. Musca Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10:589. 1830. Aussereurop. Zweife. Ins., 2:413. 7. Species: Musca (Musca) domestica (Linnaeus) Material examined: 1 Female and 1 male, W.B, 24 1758. Musca domestica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 10:596. Pgs. (N), Newtown, India, 22.I.2017, Coll. P. Parui, Material examined: 2 female and 1 male, W.B, 24 A. K. Gayen. Pgs. (N), Newtown, India, 05.II.2017, Coll. A. K. Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gayen, P. Parui, S. P. Agarwala. Himachal Pradesh, Kerala Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Distribution: India: Andaman Island, Andhra Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Elsewhere: China, Java, Malaya, Myanmar, Karnataka, Kashmir, Maharashtra,
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