1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 2143

Also, 3 petitions in favor of pure food, silk culture, and to pre­ carry into effect certain recommendations of the Uni.ted States vent gambling in farm products-to the Committee on Agri­ delegates to the International Marine Conference; which was re­ culture. ferred to the Committee on Commerce. By Mr. YOUMANS: Petition of Burns and Elsie Granges, of He also presented the following petitions of Excelsior, Dan­ Michigan, to prevent gambling in farm products, to encourage ville Junction, Houlton, and Norway Granges, Patrons of Hus­ silk culture, and favoring a pure-food law-to the Committee on bandry, of Maine: Agriculture. Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ Also, petition of the same bodies, for free delivery of rural couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Agri­ mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. culture and Forestry. Also, petitien of the same bodies, favoring the pure-lard bill­ Petitions -praying for the enactment of legislation to pr0vent to the Committee on Ways and Means. gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a petition of the Elsie Grange, to prohibit contracts dis­ Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. ' and Currency. Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. Petition praying for the passage of a bill making- certain is­ sttes of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the SEN.ATE. Committee on Finance. THURSDAY, March 17,1892. Mr. McMILLAN presented a memorial of the Merchants and Manufacturers' Exchange, of Detroit, Mich., remonstrating Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. against the free coinage of silver; which was referred to the Com­ The Vice-President being absent, the President pro tempore mittee on Finance. took the chair .. He also presented a petition of the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Board The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. of Trade, praying for the establishment of a postal telegraph sys­ EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. tem; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ He also presented a petition of the Association of the Twenty­ munication from the Secretary of the Interior, submitting are­ fourth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, praying for the passage of port of the disbursements which have been made in all the States -the bill to increase the pension of Mrs. Isabella Morrow, widow and Territories under the provisions of "An act to apply a portion of the late Bvt. Maj. Gen. Henry A. Morrow, colonel of the of the proceeds of the public lands to the more complete endow­ Twenty-first Regiment, United States Army; which was referred ment and support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture to the Committee on Pensions. and the mechanic arts, established under the provisions of an act He also presented the following petitions of Bingham, Flat of Congress approved July 2, 1862," approved August 30, 1890; Rock, Olive, Peninsula, Brighton, Forest,andRutlandGranges, which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Com­ Patrons of Husbandry, of Michigan: mittee on Public Lands, and ordered to be printed. Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ HOUSE BILL REFERRED. couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag­ The bill (H. R. 4667) to incorporate the Maryland and Wash­ riculture and Forestry. ington Railway Company was read twice by its title and referred Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent to the Committee on the District of Columbia. gambling in farm product3-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. lard and imposing a tax thereon--ordered to lie on the table. Mr. SHERMAN presented a petition of four churches of Troy, Petitions praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul- . Ohio, praying that the World's Columbian Exposition be closed teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. on Sunday; which was referred to the Committee on the Quadro- Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis- Centennial (Select). tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- He also presented the following petitions of Marion, Bath, Cen- Roads. ter, Union, Butler, Mill Creek, and Latty Granges, Patrons of Petitions praying for the passage of a bill making certain is- Husbandry, of Ohio: sues of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en- Committee on Finance. couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Agri- Mr. WILSON presented a petition of 20 citizens of Wesley, culture and Forestry. Iowa; a petition of 64: citizens of Burt, Iowai a petition of 229 Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent citizens of Kossuth County, Iowa; and a petitwn of 28 citizens of gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Bancroft, Iowa, praying for the passage of an amendment to the Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining Constitution of the United States prohibiting any legislation l)y lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. the States respecting an establishment of religion or making an Petitions praying for the passage of a bill to prevent theadul- appropriation of money for any sectarian purpose; which were teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis- He also presented a petition of the Young People's Society of tricts-referred totheCommitteeonPost-OfficesandPostrRoads. Christian Endeavor of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Petitions praying for the passage of a bill making certain is- Fairfield, Iowa, prlloying that the World's Columbian Fair be sues of money full legal tender in payment oi all debts-to the closed on Sunday; that the sale of intoxicating liquors on the Committee on Finance. grounds be prohibited, and that the art department be managed Mr. HOAR presented the following petitions of Haverhill, in accordance with the Americ!'Jtn standard of purity in art; Framingham, Hopkinton, and Southboro Granges, Patrons of which was referred to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial Husbandry, of Massachusetts: (Select). Pet~tions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en- He also presented the following petitions of Excelsior Grange, couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag- Patrons of Husbandry, of Iowa: riculture and Forestry. Petition praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent gambling in farm products-referred to the Committee on the gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining Petition praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining lard lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. and imJ?OSing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. Petitions praying for the passage of a bill to p~event the adul- Petition praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul- teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis- Petition praying fol· the free delivery of mails in rural dis- tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offioes and Post- Roads. Roads. Petitions praying for the passage of a bill making certain is- Mr. STOCKBRIDGE presented a petition of sundry citizens sues of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the of Otisco Township, Ionia County, Mich., praying for the pas­ Committee on Finance. sage of a law regulating dealing in fictitious farm products; which Mr. FRYE presented a memorial numerously signed ·by per-~ was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. sons engaged in commerce on the Great Lakes, remonstrating He also presented the following petitions of Boardman Valley, against the passage of Senate billl755, to amend certain sections Sylvan, Fraternal, Keystone, Eastport, Bee Hive, South Boston, of Title LII of the Revis~d Statutes of the United States and to and Paris Granges, Patrons of Husbandry, of Michigan: • 2144 OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. MARCH 17,

Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ ident, and Mrs. L. Calhoun, secretary, remonstrating against couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag- the opening on Sunday of any exhibition or -exposition where riculture and Forestry. · United States funds are expended; which was referred to the Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent Committee on the Quadro-Centennial (Select). gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. ALLEN presented the following petitions of Washington Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, of Wa-shington: lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. Petition praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ Petitions praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul­ couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Agri­ teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. culture and Forestry. Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ Petition praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Petitions praying for the passage of a bill making certain Petition praying for the pa-ssage of a bill to prevent the adul­ issues of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. Committee on Finance. Petition praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ Mr. PADDOCK presented the petition of Rev. James Leonard tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. and 78 other citizens of Gibbon, Nebr., praying for the passage Mr. GEORGE presented a memorial of citizensof Mississippi, of an amendment to the Constitution of the United States pro­ praying that no exhibition or exposition where Government ap­ hibiting any legislation by the States respecting an establish­ propriations are expended be opened on Sunday; which was re­ ment of religion or making an appropriation of money for any ferred to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial (Select). sectarian purpose; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. He also presented the petition of S. W. Bailey and 43 other Mr. FRYE. I am instructed by the Committee on Commerce citizens of Ohiowa, Fillmore County, Nebr., praying for the :eas­ to report back favorably with an amendment, and accompanied sage of what are known as the Washburn-Hatch antioption bills; by a written report, the bill (S.1282) exempting American coast­ which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. wise sailing vessels piloted by their licensed masters or by a He also presented a petition of Bricklayers' Union, No. 1, of United States pilot from the obligation to pay State pilots for Omaha, Nebr., offi.~ially signed, praying for the pa-ssage of House services not rendered. I will state that this is not a unanimous biltNo. 268, constituting eight hours a day's work for all labor­ report of the committee. ers, workmen, and mechanics employed by or on behalf of th~ The PRE::5IDENT pro tem.pore. The bill will be placed on the Government of the United States, or by or on behalf of the District Calendar. of Columbia, or by contractors doing work for the Government Mr. HAWLEY. Senate bill 2589, for the relief of Francis of the United States or the District of Columbia) and providing Scala, was erroneously referred to the Committee on Military penalties for violation of the provisions thereof; which was re­ .Affairs. It relates to a former member of the Marine Corps, ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor. and should go to the Committee on Naval Affairs. The Com­ Mr. PETTIGREW presented the petition of J. M. Green and mittee on Military Affairs asks to be excused from the further 41 other citizens of Brule County, S.Dak., praying that the duty consideration of the bill, and that it be referred to the Commit­ on barley be not changed; which was referred to the Committee tee on Naval Affairs. on Finance. . The report was agreed to. He also presented a petition of Edward Wright and 66 other Mr. PASCO, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re­ citizens of Faulk County; S. Dak., praying that a tax be imposed ferred the bill (S. 259) for the relief of Amanda G. Walter, as on dealers in options on farm products; which was referred to executrix of Thomas U. Walter, deceased, reported it with an the Committee on the Judiciary. . amendment, and submitted a report thereon. He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Chicago, ill., Mr. WALTHALL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, praying that the sale of liquor be prohibited at the Columbian to whom was referred the bill (S. 1279) for the correction of the World's Fair, and that the Fair be closed on Sunday; which was military record of Wilhelm Spiegelburg ,. reported it without referred to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial (Select). amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Mr. STANFORD presented a petition of citizens of Placer He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the County, Cal., praying for the closing of the World's Columbian bill (S.1130) for the relief of William Spiegelberg, reported ad­ Exposition on Sunday; which wa-s referred to the Committee on versely thereon; and the bill was postponed i.adefinitely. the Quadro-Centennial (Select). Mr. DAWES, from the Committee on Appropriations, to whom Mr. BERRY presented a petition of citizens of Beebe, Ark., was referred the bill (H. R. 5974) making appropriations for cur­ praying for the passage of an amendment to the Constitution of rent and contingent expenses and fulfilling treaty stipulations the United States prohibiting any legislation by the States re­ with Indian tribes for fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, reported flpecting an establishment of religionormakinganappropriation it with amendments, and submitted a report thereon; and the of money for any sectarian purpose; which was referred to the bill was ordered to lie on the table. Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. VOORHEES presented a petition numerously signed by PORT OF COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA. citizens of Liberty, Ind, praying for the passage of a sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibiting Mr. FRYE. I report back favorably, from the Committee on any legislatiOn by the States respecting an . establishment of re­ Commerce, the bill (H. R. 128) to provide for the establishment ligion or making an appropriation of money for any sectarian of a port of delivery at Council Bluffs, Iowa, and as it will take p6.rpose; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. but one second to pass it, I ask that it may be now considered. He also presented a memorial of the Peru(Ind.) Bagging Com­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Maine asks pany, remonstrating against the passage of any legislation put­ unanimous consent that the bill just reported by him be now con­ ting bagging for cotton on the free list; which was referred to sidered. Is there objection? the Committee on Finance. Mr. SHERMAN. Let it be read. He also presented the following petitions of Sugar Grove The Chief Clerk read the bill, and, there being no objection, Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, of Indiana: the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to its con­ Petition praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ sideration. couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag­ The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ riculture and Forestry. dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Petition praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent Mr. FRYE. I move that the bill (S. 2319) to provide for the gambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. establishment of a port of delivery at Council Bluffs, Iowa, be in-· Petition praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining definitely postponed. lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. The motion was agreed to. Petition praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul­ CERTIFICATES OF MERIT TO ENLISTED MEN. teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. Petition praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ Mr. HAWLEY. Under instruction of the Committee on Mil­ tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- itary Affairs I report back favorably the bill (H. R. 6071) to Roads. . amend section 1216 of the Revised Statutes, relative to certificates Petition praying for the passage of a bill making certain issues of merit to the enlisted men of the Army. The bill is simply the of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the Com­ correction of one erroneous word in the statute, a sensible cor­ mittee on Finance. rection. May I make the same request for its passage now? It Mr. COKE presented a memorial of the Woman's Christian comes from the ·other House. · Temperance Union of Texas, signed by Helen M. Stoddard, pres- By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the • 1892. OONGRESSIONA·L REOORD-SENATE. 2i45

Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to amend AMENDMENT TO A BILL. _ section 1216 of the Revised States, so as to read: Mr. PETTIGREW submitted an amendment intended to be SEo. 1216. That when any enlisted man of the Army shall have distinguished proposed by him to the Indian appropriation bill; which was re­ himsel! in the service, tpe President may, at the recommendation of the com­ manding otncer of the regiment or the chief of the corps to which such en- ferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be listed man belongs, grant him a certificate of merit. · . printed. . _ REPORT ON DISEASES OF THE HORSE. Mr. HAWLEY. I will state the nature of the correction. The statute on that subject was passed with the word "private," The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore laid bafore the Senate the fol­ describing the soldier, that the certiflcate of merit might be lowing concurrent resolution of the House of Representatives; granted to a private soldier. That was found to rule out non­ which was referred to the Committee on Printing: Resolved by the House of Representatwes (the Senate concurriJ'l{l), That there commissioned officers who frequently distinguish themselves in be printed 4.5,000 copies of the Special Report on the Diseases of the Horse, Indian fights and ought to have the reward of merit. So we prepared under the supervision of the chief of the Bureau ot Animal Indus-' change the statute from "private soldier" to" enlisted man." try; 10,000 copies for the use of members of the Senate, a.nd 35,000 copies for The bill was reported to the Senate with·out amendment, or­ the use of the members of the House of Representatives. dered t:J a third reading, read the third time, and passed. EXECUTIVE SESSION. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. HOAR. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­ tion of executive business. Mr. PEFFER. Some weeks ago I introduced a bill for there­ The motion was agreed to; and the S_enate proceeded to the lief of Daniel W. Boutwell, and it was referred to the Commit­ consideration of ex-eeutive business. After four hours and twenty­ tee on Pensions. The relief is in the nature of a claim against five minutes spent in executive session the doors were reopened, the G<>vernment, and it appears that the claimant was not an en­ and (at 4 o'clock and 45 minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned un­ listed soldier. For that reason the Committee on Pensions very til to-morrow, Frida~ March 18, 1892, at 12 o'clock meridian. properly rep::>rted the bill adversely. I have drawn another bill, with a view of having it referred to the Committee on Claims, which I think is the proper committee. I now introduce a simi­ NOMINATIONS.· . lar bill for that purpose. Executive norninations 'received by the Senate March 17, 189~. The bill (S. 2617) for the relief of Daniel W. Boutwell, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. REGISTER OF LAND OFFICE. Mr. PEFFER introduced a bill (S. 2618) to establish an elec­ George M. Bowen, of Alpine, Colo., to be register of the land trical experiment station for the purpose of investigating and office at Leadville, Colo., vice Henry R. Pendery, term expired. determining whether electricity can be profitably applied as a motive power in the propulsion of farm machinery and imple­ PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. ments; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Paymaster Robert P. Lisle, to be a pay inspector in the Navy, Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. from the_19th of January, 1892, vice Pay Insp~ctor James Hoy, Mr. McMILLAN introduced a bill (S. 2619) to vacate part of retired. Madison street and extend Y street, in Georgetown; which was Passed Assistant Paymaster Reah Frazer, to be a paymaster read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, re­ in the Navy, from the 19th of January, 1892, vice Paymaster R. ferred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. P. Lisle, promoted. To be subject to the examinations required He also introduced a bill (S. 2620) for the relief of Patrick Cul­ by law. han; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom­ Passed Assistant Paymaster Henry R. Smith, to be a paymas­ panying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. ter in the Navy, from the 19th of February, 1892, vice Paymaster He also introduced a bill (S. 2621) for the relief of Thomas P. John F. Tarbell, retired. To be subject to the examinations re- Sheehan and Robert Dunn, composing the firm of Sheehan & quired by law. . · Dunn; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ Passed Assistant Paymaster Hiram E. Drury, to be a paymaster mittee on Claims. in the Navy, from the 25th of February, 1892, vice Paymast-er C. He also introduced a bill (S. 2622) for the removal of the charge P. Thompson, retired. · of desertion from the record of Timothy Way; which was read APPOIN'l'MENT IN THE NAVY. twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to Champe Carter McCulloch, a resident of Texas, be an as· the Committee on Military Affairs. to Mr. SHERMAN introduced a bill (S. 2623) to provide for the sistant surgeon in the Navy, to fill a vancancy in that grade. erection of a public building in the city of East EiverpoolJ Ohio; POSTMASTERS. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee Mrs. DoraClow, to be postmaster at Arkadelphia, in the county on Public Buildings and Grounds. of Clark and State of Arkansas, in the plac~ of Elizabeth J. Cook, Mr. VOORHEES introduced a bill (S. 2624) granting an in­ whose commission expired January 16, 1892. crease of pension to Am~lia A. Taylor; which was read twice by Joseph W. Cavis, to be postmaster at Stockton, in the county its title, and referred to the Committee on Pe1;1sions. of San Joaquin and State of California, in the plac-e of William Mr. PLATT introduced a join_t resolution (S. R. 63) for the ap­ C. Smith, deceased. pointment of a commissioner from the District of G_olumbia, to Asa A. Hardman, to be p::>stmaster at Leesburg, in the county act with commisioners from the States, for the promotion of uni­ of Lake and State of Florida, in the place of John C. Luning, formity of legislation in the United States; which was read twice whose commission expired January 9, 1892. -. by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Frank A. Battey, to be postmaster at Englewood, in the county Committee on the Judiciary. , of CookandStateof Illinois, in the place of Oliver N. G<>ldsmith, ' MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. whose commission expired January 23, 1892. Hibben S. Corwin, to be postmaster at Peru, in the county of A mesoage from the House of R-epresentatives, by lt-h. rr. 0. La Salle and St;tte of Illinois, in the place of Hibben S. Corwin, TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed whose commission expired January 16, 1892. a concurrent resolution to print 45,000 copies of the Special Re­ Nicholas ~forper, to be postmaster at South Evanston, in the port on the Diseases of the Horse. county of Cook and State of Illinois, 'in the pla.Qe of Nicholas ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. Morper, whosa commission expires April6, 1892. WilliamS. Strong, to be postmaster at .Morris, in the county of The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had Grundy and State of illinois in the place of Eugene B. Fletcher, signed the following enrolled bills; and they were thereupon resigned. signed by the President pro te·mpore: · Fred W. Edmonds, to be postmaster at Kinsley, in the county A bill (S. 1058) to prevent fraudulent transa-etions on the part of Edwards and State of Kansas, in the place of WalterS. He­ of commission merchants and other consignees of goods and other bron, resigned. property in the District of Columbia; Laura Goodfellow, to be postmaster at Fort Leavenworth, in A bill (H. R. 3980) ratifying the act of the Sixteenth Terri­ the county of Leavenworth and State of Kansas, in the place of torial Legislative Assembly ol Arizona, approved March 19, 1891, Clara L. Nic'b-ols, resigned. making appropriation in aid of Arizona:s exhibit at the World's Edwin J. Smith, to b3 postmaster at Whitehall, in the county Columbian Exposition; of Muskegon and State of Michigan, in the place of John H. A bill (H. R. 6876) to provide for certain of the most urgent Chapman, whose commission expired January 23, 1892. deficiencies in the appropriations for the service of the Govern­ George Andrus, to be postmaster at Chatfield, in the county ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892; and of Fillmore and State of Minnesota, in the place of Harry L. A bill (H. R. 5755) to provide for terms of the United States Atchison, whose commission expired January 30, 1892. cir_cuit and districts courts at Cumberland, Md. George W. Shoemaker, to be postmaster at Albany, in the XXIII-135 2146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARon 17,

county of Gentry and Stat9 of Missouri, in the place of Francis HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. M. Setzer, removed. Mary F. Ballantine, to be postmaster at Syracuse, in the county THURSD.A:Y1 March 171 18.92. of Otoe and State of Nebraska, in the place of Mary F. Ballan­ The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, tine, whose commission expires March 19, 1892. Hev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Charles Wood, to be postmaster at Sidney, in the county of The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read. Delaware and State of New York, in the place of Thomas N. Poole removed. RETURN OF A BILL TO A COMMITTEE. James J. Perkins, to be postmasteratGreenville, in the county Mr. BOWEHS. Mr. Speaker, I ask to get a bill returned to of Pitt and State of North Carolina, the appointment of a post­ the Military Committee, which was put in the petition box by master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the mistake. My request is that the bill H. R. 4639, to remove the President on and after January 1, 1892. charge of desertion from the military record of Homantus Lake, Isaac N. Eveleth, to be postmaster at National Military Home, which was put in the petition box by mistake, and is now on the in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, in the place of Calendar, be returned, together with the report upon it, to the Alvan S. Galbreath, resigned. committee. "" . Henry G. WhiteJ to be postmaster at Millersburg: in the county The SPEAKER. The gentleman states that the bill was re­ of Holmes and State of Ohio, in the place of Allen G. Sprankle, ported by mistake, and it will be returned to the committee. whose commission expires April5, 1892. QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE. William H. Bosserman, to be postmaster at Newport, in the Mr. BUTLER.. I rise to a question of privilege in conneqtion county of Perry and State of Pennsylvanfa, in the place of Joshua with the RECORD, in referance to a speech that was delivered S. Leiby, whose commission expired January 5, 1892. and held for revision. The member from Massachusetts [Mr. William F. Briggs, to be postmaster at Honesdale, in the county WALKER] in delivering his address on the tariff question the of Wayne and State of P ennsylvania, in he place of EbE.:n H. other day, was interrupted by me, with his consent, to ask a Clark, whose commission expires March 20, 1892. question. I was excited a little in r agard to what transpired at Jonathan N. Langham, to be postmaster at Indiana, in the thattime-- county of Indiana and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of Fan­ Mr. ATKINSON, I wish to suggest that the gentleman from nie W. Nixon, who3e commission expired December 21, 1891. Massachusetts [Mr. WALKER] is not now here. · Asaph S. LiD"ht, to be postmaster at Lebanon, in the county of [Mr. WALKER at this point entered the Hall.] L ebanon and State of Pennsylvaniat._in the place of William M. Several MEMBERS. The gentleman is here now. Breslin, whose commission expired l!'ebruary 3, 1891. Mr. BUTLER.. Being~rmitted to ask a quest.ionofthemem­ Hiram Young, to be postmaster at York, in the county of York ber from Massachusetts LMr. WALKER] the answer he gave to and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of James B. Small, de­ me excited me somewhat, and I responded in words that were cea3ed. not really characteristic of a gentleman. I did not answer him Joseph Hare, to b3 postmaster at Hill City, in the county of as I would have answered him without provocation; and as that Pennington and State of South Da.kota, the appointment of a provocation does not appear in the revised report in the RECORD, postmaster for said office having, by law, become vested in the itgoesabroad through the country that I do not understand what President on and after October 1, 1891. a gentleman ought to do in talking with another; but with the George H. Chipman, to be postmaster at ChildreEs, in the provocation appearing, I think my remarks would be wholly county of Childress a_nd State of J'exas, the appointment of. a justified. I hold in my hand the report of the Official Reporter, ·postmaster for the said office havmg, by law, become vested m which states exactly what the conversation was between us. the President on and after January 1, 1892. Mr. WALKER.. If the gentleman will allowme,supposethat Hobert L. Livingston, to be postmaster at Plano, in the county ho reads from the RECORD as published. I think he will have of Collin and State of Texas, the appointment of a postmaster for nothing to complain of if he reads the report as it appears in the the said office having, by law, becomevested in the President on HECORD. and after January I, 1892. Mr. BUTLER.. I will. Charles D. Kimball, to be postmaster at Mount Vernon, in the Mr. WALKER. If the gentleman will examine the RECORD county of Skagit and State of Washington, the appointment of a he will see that I have acceded to his request and done exactly postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in what he asked me to with reference to omitting the colloquy the President on and after January 1, 1892. from the HECORD; and I think it will b9 satisfactory to him if he GeorgeS. McWilliams, to be postma~ter at O~kesdal~, in the will examine that. county of Whitman and State of Washmgton, the appomtment Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, I made no request of the mem­ of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested ber from Massa{}husetts, and do not understand his suggee;tion; in the President on and after January 1, 1892. I have admitted that my remarks were not gentlemanly. I am Edward L. Whittemore, to be postmaster at Kent, in the county sorry that I was induced to make them; but I made them under of King and State of Was?-ington, the appointment

. 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 2147

Now, my retort to that I admit was not entirely courteous. I assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting a copy of the replied: finding of the court in the case of Jehu Robinson against the Well, I suppose not; because if so I would have asked it or some one who United States; which was referred to the Committee on War could give ~e information. Claims, and ordered to be printed. I would be sorry to make that remark, if it were made to any POST-OFFICE BUILDINGS. such statement as that; but that reply of mine was made after his answer and I submit that my statement was justified after The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (S. 424) pro­ viding for the erection of public buildings for post-offices in the the insult given to me. His words were: towns and cities where the post-office receipts for th·ree years Mr. W.ALKER. The Good Book gives us two commands: one is to "answer a fool accordlng to his folly;" the other is, "answer not a fool according to preceding have exceeded $3,000 annually; which was referred to his folly lest thou make thysell like unt-o him;" and I will be quiet. the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, and ordered I simply wish, if my remarks in the RECORD which were not to be printed. courteous shall ap}Jear, that his, which gave the provocation to LEAVE OF ABSENCE. my remarks, shall appear also; therefore I ask a correction of By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: the RECORD, either by striking out all of the conversation or To Mr. HENDERSON of Iowa, for three days, on account of ill- putting it all in, and this I desire, because, out in Iowa, we con­ ness. · sider courtesy, as well n.s justice and honor, to be the character­ To Mr. BROOKSHIRE, indefinitely, on account of sickness. istics of true manhood; and I do not desire to be recorded as THE EIGHT-HOUR LAW. being discourteous without provocation. The SPEAKER. The Chair will state that the gentleman On motion of Mr. BUNTING, by unanimous consent, the Com­ from Iowa has not submitted any motion. The gentleman can mittee on Labor were authorized to have printed 500 copies of eliminate his own remarks. the testimony taken by them with reference to the observance Mr. BUTLER. Then I would move to correct the RECORD by of the eight-hour law in the Government Departments. having it appear according to the exact words that were spoken BRIDGE OVER THE TENNESSEE. by both the gentleman from Massachusetts and myself at the time Mr. COX of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ they were taken by the Official Reporter of this House. sent for the present consideration of the bill which I send~ the The SPEAKER. The gentleman will send it up. desk, being the bill (H. R . 7092) to authorize building a bridge Mr. BUTLER. The motion? over the Tennessee River. The SPEAKER. Is that the motion thegentleman has in his The bill was read, as follows: hand? Be it enacted, etc., That the St. Louis and Birmingham Railway Company, Mr. BUTLER. This is a copy of the Official Reporter's notes. a corporation created and or~anized under the laws of the State of Tennes­ see, be, and is hereby, authonzed to construct and maintain, for the purpose The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous of running railway trains, also for passage of all kinds of road vehicles, consent that the exact conversation between the gentleman from wagons, carts, an

The SPEAKER. The regular order is the call of committees in front of them, they did not deqide wholly upon the action of for reports. the Fifty-first Congress. CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURTS FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT I propose to spend a few moments, Mr. Chairman, in reviewing OF MISSOURI. the question raised by the gentleman from Georgia. What was the decision of the Supreme Court? He did not read from it. I Mr. BYNUM, from the Committee on the Ju~ciary, repor~e_d back favorably the bill (S. 418) to change the trmes for holding will read two or three clauses of it: The Constitution provides that" a majority of each [House) shall consti­ the circuit and district courts of the United States for the west­ tute a quorum to do business." In other words, when a majority are present ern district of Missouri; which was referred to the House Calen­ the House is in a position to do business. Its capacity to transact business dar, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. is then established, created by the mere presence of a majority, and does not depend upon the dis~sition or assent or action of any single member or SAN DIEGO, CAL. fraction of tho majonty present. All that the Constitution requires is the presence of a majority, and when the majority are present the power of the Mr. BELKNAP, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re­ House arises. ported back favorably the bill (H. R. 5061) authorizing the Sec­ But how shall this question of the presence of a majority be determined? retary of War to obtain lands for sites for harbor defenses at San The Constitution has prescribed no method of making this determination, and it is therefore within the competency of the House to prescribe any· Diego Cal.; which was referred to the Committee of the Whole method which shall be reasonably certain to ascertain the fact. House' on the·state of the Union, and, with the accompanying re­ port, ordered to be printed. "The Constitution prescribes no method;" how many times in the Fifty-first Congress did we hear the constitutional lawyers MILITARY POST N"fAR LITTLE ROCK, ARK. upon the other side of the House assert that the Constitution Mr. BELKNAP, from the Committee on Military Affairs, re­ had prescribed a method, that the only method known to the ported back with an amendment the bill (S. 113) to establish a Constitution was the roll call, the yeas and nays, and that in the ab­ military post near Little Rock, Ark.; which was referr~d to the s ::mce of rules, that was the only method by which the presence Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Uruon, and, of a majority constituting the quorum could be ascertained? I with the accompanYing report, ordered to be printed. read further from the opinion of the court: The House may prescribe the roll call as the only method of determination, MILITIA. or require the passage of members between tellers and their count as the sole ~ Mr. CUTTING, from the Committee on the Militia., reported test, or the count of the Speaker or the Clerk, and an announcement from the desk of the names of those who are present. Any one of these methods, it back as a. substitute for the bill H. R. 6489, the bill (H. R. 7318) must be conceded, is reasonably certain of ascertaining the fact, and as there to prhmote the efficiency of the militia; which was referred to is no constitutional method prescribed, and no constitutional inhibition of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, any of these, and no violation of fundamental rights in either, it follows that the House may adopt either or all, or it may provide for a combination nd, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. of any two of the methods. That was done by the rule in question; and all ROCK CREEK RAILROAD. that that rule attempts to do is to prescribe a method for ascertaining the presence of a majonty, and thus establishing the fact that the House is in a Mr. HEARD, from the Committed on the Districtof Columbia, condition to transact business. reported back favorably the bill (H. R. 6286), to amend the charter But the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. TURNER] says that be­ of the Rock Greek Railroad Company; -which was referred to the fore any rules were adopted, on the 29th day of January, an elec­ House Calendar, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to tion case from West Virginia was called up. No member of be printed. the Fifty-first Congress will fail to recollect that case, the cele­ BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. brated '· twe" case, where the clerk in one of the precincts had Mr. HEMPHILL, from the Committee on the District of Col­ returned that the ·namocratic candidate had received "eight umbia., reported back favorably the bill (H. R . 679-!) regulating hundred and twe" votes, and the governor interpreted "twe" as the deposits of building and other associations of the District of an abbreviation for twelve and in that way elected the Democratic Columbia; which was referred to the House Calendar, and, with candidate by two or three votes and so certified him to the House. the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. I want to call attention to that case now in order that the great State ofWestVirginia may recognize what a statesman the Dem­ NATIONAL UNION ~SURANCE COMPANY. ocratic party has in Governor Wilson and may trot him out as a Mr. HEMPHILL, from the Committee on the District of Colum­ Presidential candidate in 1892. [V:tughter.J bia, reported back with an amendment the bill (H. R. 5444-) to That case was before the House, and on a vote it was ascer­ amend an act entitled" An act to incorporate the National Union tained that nearly 300 members were present, and then the ques­ Insurance Company of Washington," approved February 14, 18G5; tion of consideration was raised. On that vote there were 162 which was referred to the House Calendar, and, with the accom­ in the affi1·mative and 4 in the negative, making 166 members panying r eport, ordered to be printed. prasent and voting, a quorumof the House. ThenMr.COWLES, The call of the committees was then concluded. Mr. COVERT, and Mr. Rogers each withdrew his vote, leaving ORDER OF BUSINESS. 162 votes in the affirmative and 1 in the negative. Then the Mr. McMILLIN. I move that the House resolve itself into Speaker of the House, who was the "organ of the House," in the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for presence of the House, directed the Clerk to enter upon the • the consideration of bills raising revenue. - Journal certain names of members whom he announced as pres­ The motion was agreed to. ent an'd not voting. A dozan or more of them objected. Some . FREE WOOL. of them were asked whJn they-objected if they denied that they were present in the House, and I believe my friend from Ken­ The House accordingly resolved into Committee of the Whole tucky LMr. McCREARY] has "never yet answered the ques­ House on the state of the Union, Mr. BLOUNT in the Chair. tion which the Speaker asked him from the chair, whether he The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole d enied that he was present at the time his name was entered House on the state of the Union for the consideration of revenue upon the Journal. In this way a quorum was made up. Now, bills. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from NewYork[Mr. we were acting without rules; we were acting under general·par- PAYNE). liamentary law. - Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, the tariff of 1890 has been the You say that general parliamentary law is uncernain in its subject of more vicious and venomous attacks than any other rules and uncertain in its application. Grant even that, what legislation ever enacted by Congress. The vocabulary of epithets then? The Speaker, as the organ of the House, announces his has been exhausted by the opponents of that great measure. It decision under what he deems general parliamentary law, and it has been opposed because its provisions in regard to bounties is perfectly competent for the House either to ratify his deter­ were unconstitutional; because the provision in regard to reci­ mination or to reverse it. The quorum being thus constituted, procity was unconstitutional, and because the act itself was un­ the question came up for debate whether the Speaker could thus constitutional for the reason that the Engrossing Clerk in en­ direct the Clerk of the House to enter those names upon the grossing the bill had left out an important clause. Journal. Why, I used to hear it asserted by gentlemen upon the The question of the constitutionality of that act and also of the other side that when the House was under general parliamentary constitutionality of the Dingley worsted bill, which is supple­ law it was under the rules of the body which was most akin to mental to the tariff act, and which involved thequestionofacon­ the existing House, and that such a body was the preceding Con­ stitutional quorum, has been submitted to the Supreme Court of gress. Now, while not adopting this definition, which, by the the United States, and the court has decided that both acts are way, seems to have been entirely lost sight of in the present Con­ constitutional upon all the grounds that were raised in the ap­ gress [laughter], J want to refer to the rule of the Fiftieth Con­ peal. It would seem that after the decision of the highest court gress and the rule of this Congress and the rule of preceding m the world, the question of the constitutionality of the action Congresses as to what offica the Speaker has in reference to the of the Fifty-first Congress had been forever settled; and yet in making up of the Journal. this debate my friend from Georgia [Mr. TURNER] takes excep­ The first clause of the first rule provides: tion to that decision of the Supreme Court, enters a. special plea, The Speaker shall take the chair on every legislative day precisely at the and says that although the court decided the question immediately hour to which the House shall have adjourned at the last sitting, iminedi- 2152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~lARCH 17, ately call the members to order , and on the appearance of a quorum cause the Journal of the proceedings of the last day's sitting to be t·ead, having shall always be in order to call up for consideration a report of previously examined and approved the same. the Committee on Rules;" yet upon precisely similar language as used in the rules of the Fiftieth Congress, Mr. Speaker CAR­ The rules of the House of Representatives for the last twenty LisLE ruled in exactly the opposite direction. or thirty years or longer have provided that it shall be the duty An appeal was taken from this decision of your Speaker, and of the Speaker before the Journal is read to examine and ap­ you laid the appeal on the table. You reversed the action of the prove the same. Of course the power to examine and approve Fiftieth Congress; you reversed the decisioh of Mr. Speaker CAR­ carries with it the power on the part of the Speaker to correct LISLE, whom you eulogize so often as a fair and clear-headed man the .Journal before he presents it to the House. How can he "ap­ in the Speaker's chair; you countenanced this" tyranny " in this prove" unless he has the power to correct or to direct the Clerk House, which so far surpasses any "tyranny" that you claim to to make a correction? have existed in the Fifty-first Congress. And so the Housg, with Of course it is the intention of this rule that the Speaker of its code of rules, can by construction make a new rule and en­ the House shall examine and correct the Journal outside of the tirely overturn even the written code of rules in this manner. sessions of the House, and approve it when it is presented to the Mr. COMPTON. Will the gentleman allow an interruption? House. But Speaker REED, whom now and then we hear called Mr. PAYNE. Certainly; with pleasure. a "tyran1f' by members of the opposition, even after what oc­ Mr. COMPTON. You say the same identical language was curred in this House within the last ten days, Speaker REED, used in the rules of the Fiftieth Congress as in the Fifty-first instead of doing this thing outside of the House, directs the Congress in this regard. Will the gentleman please find me or Journal Clerk publicly and in the House to enter upon the Journal show to the House a rule embodied in the code of rules of the the names of those members who were present. The Speaker Fiftieth Congress providing- that a report from th~ommittee acted-as the organ of the House. Unless that direction was over­ on Rules shall be in order at any time?' turned it was the action of the House. Mr. PAYNE. Undoubtedly my friend from Maryland did not Let us go a little farther, and I will show you that the House pay attention to the course of my argument. I said that the rule itself approved that action of Speaker REED in directing those in the Fiftieth Congress relating to the motion for a recess or to names to be entered on the Journal. On the next day the ques­ fix a day to which the House sh~ll adjourn or adjourn was that • tion of the approval of the Journal came up-I believe on a mo­ such motion was always in order. That was the language of the tion of th~ gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER]-to strike out rule. That was the same language adopted by this Congress in this part of the Journal in reference to noting the presence of reference to a report from the Committee on Rules-that is to gent).emen who were present and failed to vote. On this ques­ say, that it shall always b.e in order to call up for consideration a tion there was again no quorum voting, and Speaker REED again report of the Committee on Rules, and I showed that two Dem­ directed the Clerk to enter the names of those who were pres­ ocratic Speakers of this House at different times, ruling on the ent· and this followed day after day until the 14th day of Febru­ same identical language, had ruled in entirely opposite direc­ ary: On that day, the Committee on Rules having in the mean t:ons. time brought in their code of rules, that code was adopted by the Mr. COMPTON. I 1mderstand that point, but I also under­ House. stood the gentleman to say something entirely different. That On the 15th day of February the same question of "no quorum" was not the point he made. He read a provision in the rules of was raised on the approval of the Journal; and under the rule this House in reference to reports from the Committee on Rules, which the Supreme Court says the House had the power to en­ and said these identical words, or that id€mtical language, was act, under a proceeding which the Supreme Court says was con­ in the rules of the Fiftieth Congress. Now, I ask him to show stitutional, the Journal of the preceding day was approved. It is where they are. . true that in order to constitute a quorum the names of those pres­ Mr. PAYNE. Well, the gentleman entirely misunderstood, ent and not voting were entered by the Clerk, under the rule, in or I did not say what I thought I said and what I intended to say. the Journal; but the Supreme Court says that that action was Mr. COMPTON. I so understood you. • right, was constitutional; that it was action which the House had Mr. PAYNE. I think the gentleman is mistaken. power to take. So the House deliberately, by approving that Mr. COMPTON. I do not think so. I think you will find it Journal, accepted the action of Speaker REED as the action of the so in the RECORD to-morrow morning. House, the Supreme Court declaring that the House had the right Mr. PAYNE. Well, you will not find it so in the RECORD if to direct such action to be taken. I did not say what I intended. [Laughter.] · I want to say right here by way of illustration that in order to But, Mr. Chairman, to proceed. What follows from the de­ adopt a rule it is not necessary that the House should adopt a for­ cisions to which I have referred? It seems to me that the House mal code of rules. Why, sir, we make rules by interpretation can make a special rule even under an appeal from the decision from Congress to Congress. In t.he Fiftieth Congress a. gentle­ of the Chair. I have said that the Journal was approved on the manfrom Iowanamed Weaver wasfilibustering.against acertain 15th day of! February, under the rules of the House approving bill· and one morning, beforetheJournalhad been read, thatgen­ the action of Speaker REED on the 14th day of February when, tle~an made a motion to adjourn, and a vote was taken upon it; before we had any rules, on a roll call he had directed the Clerk then he moved to adjourn, I believe, to a day certain. No point to enter upon the Journal the names of certain gentlemen who of order was raised, and a vote was taken upon that. Then he were present and declining to vote. Clearly, sir, the decision of moved to take a recess to a certain time, when Mr. Randall of the Supreme Court bas covered every point in the rulings and Pennsylvania raised the point of order that no business could decisions of Speaker REED in the Fifty-first Congress. be done until the Journal had been read and approved. The On the 17th day of February the House met and the Journal language of the rule was: was read, and the leader on that side of the House, Mr. CAR­ A motion to fix the day to which the House shall adjourn, a motion to ad­ LISLE of Kentucky, immediately rose in his place and said that journ, and to take a recess shall always be in order. the rules having been adopted the minority did not propose to Mr. Weaver contended that this language meant thatsuchmo­ make any further contest in regard to the approval of the Jour­ tions were in order befora the Journal had been read; but Mr. nal, but they believed that they were right in their contention Speaker CARLISLE ruled that such motions were not in order about this constitutional quorum that it should require those until after the Journal had been read and approved. But one acting and present-acting as well as present, a majority of day last week, when gentlemen on the other side were anxious them-to constitute a quorum. He also said that the minority to get at asilver bill, a bill which is said to i~volvc: th~election of would see to it that a case should ba made up and taken to the certain gentlemen to the nextCongress,·a bill whiCh 1s supposed Supreme Court of the United States and there settle the question to be able to make certain gentlemen "solid" with the Farmers' at issue. T:P,ey selected the Dingley worsted bill as the case; Alliance in Georgia and other States-when there was haste to they carried it to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court of get at that business, as soon as the Chaplain had said "Amen" to his the United States have forever settled that question, and decided prayer a member of the Committee on Rules 1·ises and calls up that Speaker REED was right in the position he took in the the report of the Committ.eeon Rules and demands its immediate Fifty-first Congress; that the majority were right in that Con­ consideration. gress when they asserted that the Constitution meant just what The point was made by the gentleman from New York [M1·. it said- TRACEY] that the Journal should first' be read. There was a A majority shall constitute a quorum to do business. little debate upon that question. I rememb ~ r the gentleman . from Maryland [Mr. RAYNER] rose and said that he bad a case Having a majority they were ready to do business. And yet, exactly in point that he wanted to read to the House. The pre3- notwithstanding this decision of the court, our friends upon the ent Speaker overruled the decision that Mr. CARLISLE made other side do not e ven do as that judge up in our State used to upon language exactly the same as that embodied in our present do when he was beaten, either take an appeal or go over to the rules and held that the consideration of a report from the Com­ tavern and swear at the court. [Laughter.] But they entered a mitte'e on Rules was in order before the reading of the Journal. special plea ta try to avoid the decision of the Supreme Court; The present Speaker bas3d that decision upon the language " it they try to change the issue made in the Fifty-first Congress from . ..

1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2153

what it really was to what it really was not. But the principle mas. They had hearings every day from that time down to the­ of the decision of the Supreme Court affirms every act done in final day when the vote was taken on the bill in the House, and the regard to a quorum either by the Speaker of the House or the people of the United States came to those hearings. "Oh," you majority of the House itself. The Supreme Court has unani­ say, "manufacturers came." They did. Importers came and mously vindicated the action of the Fifty-first Congress. were heard; farmers came and wera heard; mechanics and labor­ Our friends on the other side remind us-and I think you will ing men came, and they we-re heard. find it in every speech-that both this quorum business and the The organizations of labor sent their delegates and they were "McKinley monstrosity" were tried in that grand tribunal of heard. The committee did not start out with the idea that they the people in 1890, and overwhelmingly cast out, and that they knew all about the tariff. They balieved that protection was were sent here to repeal it, to get rid of it, to reform it. the best policy for this country. They started out with that be­ Yes, Mr. Chairman, it is true we had an election in 1890; the lief and what they learned from the people only reinforced and McKinley bill finally became a law on the 1st day of October, and encouraged them in that belief. And they made a bill symmet­ went into effect on the 6th day of October. Then thirty days rical, a bill for the protection of American industry, for the en­ thereafter we had an election in this country, and, as I said, couragement of American manufacturers, believing that in this the bill was denounced. Why, it wal;) a" robbery;" it has "in­ way they were giving the greatest good to the greatest number, creased the dutjes" on everything that man, woman, or child and were building up the people of the United States. wanted, either for necessity or comfort. There was not a thing Mr. OUTHWAITE. Will the gentleman yield for a question? on the whole list but would go up in price and the poor would be .Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. robbed, farmers were to be robbed, everybody was to be robbed Mr. OUTHWAITE. How many men came before your com­ because' of this '' monstrous iniquity!" mittee to argue in favor of putting a tax upon the people, upon We heard it proclaimed on every side, we read it in every tin plate? Democratic newspaper, that it was a monstrosity without excuse Mr. PAYNE. Well, I do not know. There were a good many. or justification, and they cited instances, such as needles, which Mr. OUTHWAITE. How many? they said had been advanced by the McKinley bill and now were Mr. PAYNE. I can not tell you now. · selling at outrageous prices because of it; not stopping to see that Mr. OUTHWAITE. Anybody besides Cronenmeier and Un- the McKinley bill had put needles on the free list; and so on all termeyer? · . through the bill. Every merchant with a stock of goods ""n his Mr. PAYNE. Oh, yes. counter; oh, how anxious he was to sell, how philanthropic he Mr. OUTHWAITE. I would like to know the names of any­ was to his customers, how benevolently he took them aside and one appearing in the record except those two. says, "I ad vise you to buy a whole piece of these goods because Mr. PAYNE. There were a good many other men who ap- the effect of the tariff is going to be to raise them. They are go­ peared before us. ing up, and when I get new invoices I will have to sell higher; Mr. OUTHWAITE. On the tin-plate business? but I will sell this stock now on hand to my old customers at Mr. PAYNE. Oh, yes. exactly the old prices." Well, they sold the goods, and that is Mr. OUTHWAITE. !have hunted the whole record through, what they wanted to do. and I do not find any others. The importer went to the retailer and said, "I will let you Mr. PAYNE. They are not all printed in the record. Those have that line of goods now at the old price; but the next invoice hearings were had day after day. We ran out of the House to will come in under the McKinley bill, and there is a great rise hear them. We went out-to hear them when the bill was being in the duties, and there will be a great rise in the price. Buy discussed, down to the final moment that it passed the House. now." And so the retailer got his store full of goods. So every­ We locked the door against no man, but heard every one that one was frightened by the prospect of high prices. Why, what came before the committee. the wholesalers and the retailers were telling their customers Mr. BRETZ. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a ques­ happened for once to corroborate the ante-election-shall I say tion? lies or mistakes-of the Democratic party, and happening to jibe Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. in just at that time, a good many people believed them. Some Mr .. BRETZ. I understood you to say a moment ago that all of them took it out by voting the Democratic ticket. A good the proceedings were not printed? many more of them stayed at home and did not vote at all. So Mr. PAYNE. They were not. that when we came. to count the returns, to our surprise and to Mr. BRETZ. Did you hear them in the House or out of the your surprise you had 140 Democratic majority in the House of House? · \ Representatives. Mr. PAYNE. We did not hear them here in the House. But Well, now, you have been talking about that a good deal since. what was your question? It will require a change of 70 seats to make the House even; and . Mr. BRETZ. I say I understood you to say a moment ago that yet there are more than a hundred men on the other side of the you heard a good deal of the proceedings in the House-- House who sit trembling day after day, for fear their successors Mr. PAYNE. Not in the House during the sessions of the will be Republicans. Why, they lie awake at night, and they House. dream of demagoging and some demagogic scheme, for fear their Mr. BRETZ. And some of them out of the House. successor will be a Republican. And the gentlemen from the Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. South and the West, I am told, come into the Democratic cau­ Mr. BRETZ. Is it not a fact that you heard most of them out cus-! know they come into the House of Representatives-and of the House? / say, ''If you want t~ save us from the Farmers' Alliance you must Mr. PAYNE. We heard all of them out of the House. give us an opportunity to pass the free-silver bill or we can not Mr. BRETZ. Out of your committ ~e? come back to Congress." And our friends from Massachusetts Mr. PAYNE. No. cry out," Is the seat of a Democratic member in Georgia more Mr. COMPTON. Will my friend permit another inquiry? important than the election of a Democratic President?" Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. I could not refuse to answer an in- They say," You may succeed in passing your silver bill and quiry from my good-natured friend from Maryland. saving your own scalps, but can you carry the country?" And Mr. COMPTON. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from New then the woeful predictions they make on the subject, each man York states that the mechanic was heard, the laboring man was struggling to save himself, and the whole party trembling with heard, the merchant was heard, the manufacturer was heard, fear lest the next House should be Republican, and each one everybody was heard. Will he be kind enough to tell us where trying to invent some new scheme to save his own seat. Now, I and when the farmer was heard. should think you would glory over your 140 majority. If you Mr. PAYNE. The farmer was heard day after day in the com­ are to have any majority I am glad you have got 140. It gives mittee room. you a chance to do all the mischief you can dream of, day after Mr. COMPTON. Now, I would like to inquire of the gentle­ day and night after night. Why, this tariff act of1890 is spoken man, where could the-farmer be heard except upon the flcor of of not only as highway robbery, but highway robbery is respect­ this House, and how much consideration and debate did you give able when compared with the McKinley bill, they say. It is to that bill when you brought it before the House for its consid- burglary in the nighttime. That is the only proper epithet eration? · that seemed to occur yesterday to the gentleman !rom Nebraska Mr. LIVINGSTON. If the gentleman will pardon me, while [Mr. BRYAN] in regard to this McKinley bill. he is answering _that inquiry, I would like to ask him if he will Well, now, this thing was not done in a corner. The McKinley name any farmer who was heard by his committee? bill was not conceived in darkness. The process by which it was Mr. PAYNE. Representative farmers were heard. Even the made up was never withheld from the public view. It was no gentleman from Georgia was heard in favor of his scheme-­ dark-lantern measure, but the eight men who composed the ma­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman is mistaken. jority of the Ways and Means Committee in th~ last Congress, Mr. PAYNE. In favor of his scheme to loan money on his po­ as soon as they were appointed, issued an invitation to the peo­ tatoes, cotton, and the like. lLs.ughter on the Republican side.] . ple of the United States. They sat the next day after Christ- Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman is clearly mistaken. 1 • 21.54 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 17, was not before your committee. But the gentleman has not an­ Mr. PAYNE. I was about to say when my friend interrupted swered the question. me that if gentlemen will examine the bill and not what their Mr. PAYNE. I say you were heard for the farmers. newspapers have said in regard to it, and not consider the epi-. Mr. LIVINGSTON. I ask really for information. Can you thets they have heard in the streets or in the halls of Congress give the name of one farmer who came before your committee? concerning it, a careful examination of the bill will show that all Mr. PAYNE. I donot knowwhether you areafarmeror not. of these classes were heard, and that the farmers' interests were [Laughter on the Republican side.] protected as well as the interests of the laboring men. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Do not dodge it in that way. Myfriend whoopened thisdebate[Mr. McMILLIN], in the course M.r. PAYNE. I tell you I can not remember the names of the of his speech the other day, made some statements to which I farmers who did appear; and yet farmers were heard, a number wish now to turn my attention. He said: of them. The last Congress imposed the hi~hest tariff taxes ever levind in this coun­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. I want to say that in my candid opinion try. * * * The tari.fr rates lev1ed at the close of the Revolutionary war when, i1 ever, we were in imminent danger of having our infant industries there were no farmers before your committee. overwhelmed by those long established in England and other countries, were 1rir. PAYNE. But your candid opinion is worth about as much not one-sixth of those imposed by the present law. · as the time you are consuming in asking the question. Mr. Brigham, of the Ohio National Grange; a gentleman from Penn­ The fact is that the average tariff upon all goods imported in sylvania, Mr. Poillette, was heard; Mr. Gifford, of the State 1791 was 22.24 per cent, while under the McKinley law it is21.5. Grange, and Mr. Van Deuzer, of New York; Mr. Tobin, of Bal­ By what method of arithmetic does my friend from Tennessee dinsville, too, was heard. If I had time, my friend from Georgia, conclude that the average rate under the McKinley bill is six I would give you a long list of farmers we heard-a list that it times higher than the average rate following the Revolutionary would take you a. good while to study-which would give you war? · the names of the farmers who did appear before the committee. Again, he sa.ya: Those lev:led, to carl'Y on the war with Great Britain in 1812, when this cap­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. I asked younothingbutacivil question. ital city haa.its baptism of fire, were not one-third so great. Mr. PAYNE. I know that; but then you say that in your opin­ ion no farmer appeared before the committee. The fact is that the percentag.e of tariff in 1813 was 32.72; in Mr. LIVINGSTON. B ecause you did not answer me. I know 1814, 32. 72; in 1815, 33.66, as against 21.5 under the McKinley bill. of no farmer who appeared before your committee. Yet the gentleman from Tennessee says that the rate under the Mr. PAYNE. I did not ask you for your opinion. If you will McKinley act is three times as great when in fact it is 40 per read the printed testimony, you will change your opinion. I see cent less! Again- They are about two and one-halt times greater than the rates imposed to the gentleman from Maryland has a question. [Laughter.] carry on the Mexican war- Mr. COMPTON. I supposed myfriendfromNew York would make answer to my question and to the question of the gentle­ Now, the average tariff rate on all imports in 1846 was 25.85 man from Georgia by saying that it was physically impossible to and in 1847 22.98, as against 21.5 under the McKinley bill. have the farmers heard in the committee, which I suppose is Continuing, he says: -and 60 per cent higher than the rates imposed to 'carry on our recent civil true. There may have been a few representative farmers, but war, with two millions of men in the field. · farmers, as a. class, can not be heard by the committee. The point of my question, as my friend will see, is that this floor was In 1862 the average tari!r rates were 26.8; in 1863, 28.8; in 1864, the only place where the farmers could be heard through their 32.03; in 1863, 38.46; an average of 21.21. representatives. The House failed to give the representatives Again- The act of 1883 imposed an average duty of 45per cent; the two acts of 1890, of the farmers upon this floor due and proper opportunity to be which supplanted it, imposed an average duty or nearly 60 per cent.. fairly and fully heard. That is the point. Mr. PAYNE. Now, my friend from Maryland seems .to have He says this, when the Bureau of Statistics furnishes the in­ the idea that no class of people could be heard-- formation that even upon dutiable articles alone, the average Mr. COMPTON. No. rate under the McKinley bill is only 47 .4. Those are the figures Mr. PAYNE. Unless it comes through some member of the furnished by the Bureau of Statistics-! refer to the renort for House. 1891 (imported merchandise entered for consumption, pages 17 Mr. COMPTON. That is not a fair construction, !would state and 18)-yet the gentleman from Tennessee stands in his place as to my friend. a member of this House, as the leader of the n+ajority in this de­ Mr. PAYNE. And then he seems tohave an ideathatlwould bate, and asserts that it is 60 per cent! Why, Mr. Chairman, it answer that the farmers were heard, as if every man, woman, seems, when you come to review these statements, that if a man and child living on a farm in the United States was heard. undertakes to make a modern Democratic, tariff reform, free Why, of course I do not mean to be understood that way. The trade, English speech he has no business to be hampered by facts. farmers' representatives and representative farmers was heard [Laughter.] before the committee, and they were given full opportunity to He says again: The laborer has been forced to pay more for the roof that shelters him, state their views upon the bill that was &bout to be prepared. for the hat that covers his head, and the woolens that cover his back. He Mr. McKENNA. And the bill showed the results. has more to pay for the linen he wears, for the hammer and hoe which he Mr. PAYNE. I will come to that in a moment. If there are uses- no more questions about who was heard, I will proceed to what Well, Brother McMILLIN had not studied any statistics when I was about to say. he made that assertion. He had not studied any trade prices. Mr. COMPTON. Then the gentleman admits that the farm­ He must have taken the statement from his own campaign ers, through their representatives, did not have an opportunity speeches made in 1890 when he was predicting what was going to de bate and discuss this measure fully? to happen under the McKinley bill. [Laughter.] There has Mr. PAYNE. If I recollect right, most of the time was taken been a slight advance in the price of tin plate; there is no ques­ up by some filibustering proceedings. . tion about that. My friend from Ohio [Mr. EzRA B. TAYLOR] Mr. BAKER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a tells me thathe is interested as a consumer of tin plate and that it question? has advanced from a shilling to 15 cents a box of 110 pounds, al­ Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. though the additional duty per box is $1.29. Mr. BAKER. I was going to ask you this question: Did those I have some tables here which I will print as an appendix to my farmers whom you heard approve of the McKinley bill? remarks, showing that between the 1st of February and the lstof Mr. PAYNE. Well, of course they could not approve it then, August, 1890, this tin-plate schedule going into effect on the 1st because it was not prepared when the farmers were before the day of July of that year, the price of tin plate in Liverpool de­ committee. They did not know what the bill would be; but they creased $1 a box, almost the amount of the duty imposed by the did advise us on the various items in the bill, and we took their McKinley bill. Now, does it not begin to look a little as though advice, as well as the advice of the laboring men, the manufac­ those tin-plate fellows upon the other side do pay the duty? turers, and the merchants who appeared before the committee. Does it not look that way, when the price goes down in England Mr. BAKER. Did they recommend free_sugar? so quickly after the McKinley bill takes effect, and to an extent Mr. PAYNE. Many of them did. nearly as great as the duty which we impose? But I suppose Mr. BAKER. Did you give free sugar through their recom- you gentlemen will say that we make no tin plate in this country, mendation? · that we never will make any, and that we never can make any. Mr. PAYNE. I will give you all the sugar you want before I I suppose there are men to be found on the other side who get through; but I propose to take my own time to get at it. would go down to Demmler, Pa., or to Philadelphia, Pa., or to Mr. DINGLEY. Before the gentleman proceeds I desire to Apollo, Pa., and stand right up in front of the machinery, soe the call his attention to the fact that the farmers' representatives black sheets rolled out (that will grade in thickness as low as were consulted on nearly every item, and that the recommenda­ No. 30), see them dipped in the· molten tin~ and see the bright tin tions of the l'epresentatives of the National Grange were carried plate produced, boxed up, and shipped away ,and still be ready to out in the bill. swear that there never was a piece of tin plate made in this I

1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2155 country. [Laughter.] And they can see it any day. They can The question is as to the manufacture of tin plate. Wales does see it in St. Louis; they can go to twenty other cities and see not not mine 10 per cent of the tin that she uses in the manufacture only the foundations of buildings, but buildings reared, machin- of tin plate, and we can buy tin-pig tin-just as cheap in New ery going in, machinery in place, machinery started up to make York as they can in Liverpool. The question is can we make the tin plate from the bottom up. Yeti suppose they will deny the tin plate? That is the only question. that anyone, though he has invested half a milliondollars in the And right here, Mr. Chairman, I may as well speak of another plant, has any serious intention of making tin plate in this thing that occurs tom~, although I am wandering a little from country. the original line I had laid down. On yesterday a gentleman Why, sir, the Welshmen acknowledge that we can make tin spoke of the inventive genius of our people, saying all that is plate as well as they can. I have on my table a copy of the necessary is to call that into action. Why, he said, the invent­ WEstern Mail, published at Cardiff, in Wales, in December last, ive genius of our people has lessened the price of everything in which they say that they fooled themselves about steel rails, manufactured in this country, and I agree with him. It has thinking they could not be made in America, but had given up done so. But what called into action the inventive genius of our that contention now, for they did not ship a ton of steel rails to people? What was the stimulus? When you protect a line of America, while we are making more than they ever did. They manufactures so that we can make it here, then our people turn say further, "We have claimed that there is something ab::mt their attention to it; then they can reap the reward of their in­ om.' ore or climate that enables us to make tin plate, and that it ventive ingenuity; then neces~ity brings into play invention, can not be made in America; but it is time that we should get and invention, through the aid of labor-saving machinery, cheap­ rid of this idea, for they can make tin plate in America and do ens the product to the consumer. make it, and will if the tariff is left on, make their whole supply The American watch was referred to the other day and some in that country." one took Brother WALKER to account when he said he bought a Mr. BOWERS. Will the gentleman yield for a moment? watch during the war times and did not buy an American watch Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. because none were manufactured. A gentleman replied in re- Mr. BOWERS. I simply want to add to the force of the gen- spouse to that statement that there were watches manufactured. tleman's statement by saying that to-morrow morning I will lay Well, there were some manufactured. How were they made? on my desk, where everyone can see it, a 56-pound pig of pure They had a duty of 15 per cent. Some enterprising but mis­ tin that I saw run out at the Temescal mine in my district in guided people in Waltham, Mass., believed it was possible to California, where they are running out 20, 30, and 40 of thesa build up an industry on that basis, and started a watch factory; pigs a day, and sendjng them away by the carload. they gotsome Swiss workmen to show them how to make watches, Mr. PAYNE. T1fough the gentleman may produce that, and and they did make thelll. But the labor cost them ~o much. lay it on his desk where everyone can se~ it, I shall be able to They sunk their capital to make an American watch, and quit prove by a hundred men from the other side that it never came the businesst not being able to carry it on and pay expenses. from Temescal, but came from Wales. [Laughter.] [Here the nan;tmer fell.l Mr. BOWERS. You can not prove it. You may get a hun- Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that dred men who will say so, but they can not prove it; for I will the gentleman from New York may be allowed to proceed until lay down that tin here with my statement that I saw it made; and he completes his remarks. when I make a statementof thatkindin this Houseidonotwant The CHAIRMAN (Mr. CHIPMAN in the chair). Is there ob- any gentleman to dispute it. [Laughter.] jection to the request of th8'gentleman from Maine? Mr. PICKLER rose. Thera was no objection. . Mr. PAYNE. I yield to the gentleman from South Dakota. Mr. PAYNE. Afte1~ ~ this failure of the Waltham establish- Mr. PICKLER. I desire to say in this same line of remark ment, Congress iD.CTSased the duty to 25 per cent, and the Wal- that during the fall, I examined the works of the Harney Peak tham people thOlijlht they could make watches-under a duty of Tin Mining Company, located near Hill City, in the Black Hills 25 per cent, and ag-ain sent on for Swiss workmen to show them of South Dakota. That company has now invested between two bow to continue the work. They got experts over here from and three million dollars; has erected buildings and put in ma- Switzerland to ·teach their workmen, and then sent out on our chinery of various kinds. It is constructing at the present time ....farms and among our working people and called in the young between 7 and 12 miles of railroad, and is opening up the tin men to learn the business of making American watches. mines all around that Harney Peak Mountain. The boys soon learned, as Yankee boys always do, how to do Mr. HARTER rose. the work, and it was not long before they got ahead of their Mr. PAYNE. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. HAR- teachers. But it was too slow for them to make watches by TER]. I suppose this is something in refe1,ence to silver, but I hand,-and their inventive genius was set in the direction of mak­ do not know. [Laughter.] _ ing machinery for this purpose which was soon produced; watch- Mr. HARTER. I admit that what these gentlemen say is making machinery wa-s invented with nerves and fingers of steel true-thatwe are producing tin; but 1would like thegentleman and almost guided as it were by human intelligence, so that from New York [Mr. PAYNE], who is a member of the Ways and every part of the watch produced by our machines was the conn­ Means Committee, to state what is the rate of duty upon this terpart of the other. It made no difference how you mixed up block tin which we are producing, which it is acknowledged we the works of differentwatches,ifyougotthewatchoutof it, still are producing? it was a good timekeeper. Mr. PAYNE. There is no duty upon it yet. ' It was a success; it reduced the cost, reduced the expense of Mr. HARTER. Exactly. Now take the other kind of tin, making the watches so that it not only drove foreign watches out , which we are not producing; what is the duty on that? I mean of the market, but by the aid of these machines we have sent our tin plate. watches to England, to Germany, and even to Switzerland, and Mr. PAYNE. My friend from Ohio assumes in his question we can produce the best watch to-day on the face of the earth. that we are not making tin plate in this country; he acknowl- And yet with your 15 per cent duty how many watches would edges we are producing tin. have beenmanufactured,orhowmuch watchmachineryinvented, Mr. HARTER. As we did before the present tariff. how much encouragement would there have been for the busi- Mr. PAYNE. I do not know but some one has thrown a pig ness, and how would they have supported this industry? of tin at the gentlema.nand hit him, thereby convincing him. I Why our friends over in Wales have been making tin plate for suppose he would have to be weighed down with a box of Amer- more than a hundred years with the same kind of machinery they ican tin plate before he would begin to admiteven the possibility had in 1792; they have made no progress whatever. I have a of making ti.n plate in this country. Yet we are making it all desk full of letters, for I have been investigating the subject of over the country. That is as much a recognized fact as the fact the tin-plate business all over the country, from men who have stated by the gentleman from California [Mr. BOWERS]. come here from Wales, practical workmen, as well as the capi- Why, on yesterday evening as I walked down from the House, talists, starting companies and themselves taking the stock in I was walking with a n·iend, who says: "You cannot produce pig this country, and they say that no improvement ha-s been made tin in this country." I replied, ''Why, they are producing it in the machinery used in Wales for this purpose. But our pea­ now in Temescal." "Oh, no," he says, ''they were not when I ple, taking the plans of the machines which they used there, have went there; not producing any." I asked, "When did you go?" been improving upon them so that every establishment that His reply ·was, "Two years ago." starts in this country in that business starts with a better equip- Now, Mr, Chairman, no one pretends that they were produc- ment of machinery than has been known in Wales for the last ing tin there two years ago, or even a year ago; but yet they ~ro- hundred years. That is the inventive genius of our people; and duced last year at Temescal more tin than they did at ' the if that inventive genius does not need the stimulating effects of Straits" the:firstyearofthisindustrythere; andnow"theStraits" a protective tariff which will give to every man the product of produce half of the world's supply-the principal mine in the his own labor, why is it that our people have sat still for lo, these world. But I do not care whether they produce tin-pig tin- hundred years, and have not turned their attention to better thm·e or not. That is not a problem in which we are interested. machinery for turning out tin plate? 2156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAROH 17,

But I have said all! intend to about tin plate. The other items, Canadian hoes. I will sell them for a good deal less than 40 cents if the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMIL.LIN] will examine apiece. I have not been able to give them to the Americans on trade journals he will find that the mechanic buys every one of this side of the river, because. they are not a first-class article." them at a. lower price than he did in the year 1890, before the So you will hear instances of that kind. You will hear of in­ McKinley law was passed. stances where machinery is sold that is not of the latest improve­ Mr. COMPTON. Will my good-natured friend yield for an­ ment; you will find a man who was overstocked, and he makes a other question? little discount for cash to the foreign trade; and you parade it in Mr. PAYNE. It is a pleasure to have a question asked by my the newspapers as a great injustice to the American farmer. genial friend from Maryland. Mr. BUTLER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a Mr. COMPTON. The gentleman has gone over the schedule question? pretty well. Mr. PAYNE. With pleasure. Mr. PAYNE. Oh, no; I have just started. Mr. BUTLER. Do you insist that you need protection on Mr. COMPTON. I beg your pardon. I refer especially to the American hoes that will not break against Canadian hoes that items to which the gentleman referred, as adduced by the gen­ will break the moment you press them upon the floor? tleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN]. Now, will the gentle­ Mr. PAYNE. I want to state to the gentleman that the hoe I man allow a slight interruption? spoke of was not made in Canada. It is a second-class hoe, which Mr. PAYNE. Yes. was not made in Canada, but was made in Connecticut. We do Mr. COMPTON. I do not think my friend will deny what need protection on hoes and forks. To my certain knowledge of seems to b3 universally conceded and is a published and notori­ the business we have to compet-e with Canada upon hoes and ous fact, that agricultural implements made in this country are forks. I have no question about that. . sold at a much lower price abroad than they are to the Ameri­ But, I am wandering a little from the line in which I started, can farmer. Will my friend be good enough to tell us by virtue in order to please my friend from Maryland. Why, my friend of what legislation that result comes about and if that is in the from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] says: interest of the American farmer? What benefit has increased protection given to him? Mr. PAYNE. Now, I did not expect that at this late day we would have to thrash over that old straw, and yet we will go The laborer. back to 50 if it is necessary to do so to please my genial friend It ha.s been a delusion and a snare to him. I t was p:1. ssed under pretense from Maryland. In thefirstplace,noAmerican machinery, made of a desire to benefit him, yet whilst his wages stand st111 or go down, what he, his wife, and children consume ha.s been increased in price unconscion­ in this country, of the latest designs, such as our farmers de­ ably. I ask the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. BURROWS~the gentleman mand and will have, is sold for less to the foreign consumer than from Maine [Mr. REED], the gentleman from New York Mr. PAYNEl, the it is to the American farmer. No machine, I donotcarewhether gentleman from California. [Mr. McKENNA), who are on the a.ys and Means Committee, to point me to a single laborer whose wages have been increased it is an Oliver chilled plow or a sewing machine or a mowing bytha.tlaw. machine. I am aware that the foreign trade buys for cash, that our farmers Well, in the first place the price of necessaries has not gone up buy on from one to three years' credit; and for cash sometimes a unconscionably, and it has not gone up at all. The price of tin discount is made in the trade to a foreign just as it is in a trade plate has gone up, but that only falls on the tin that is put on his to a home consumer. But I do know the fact that you can not roof, but you can buy a. tin pan or cup, or a tin can for fruit at a sell to an American farmer a machine of any kind a year old at lower price to-day than ever in the history of this country; and at any price, if there has been the slightest improvement made if you will take the pains to inform yourselves you will find that upon that machine within the year. _4nd you know it, if you is true. know farmers, that it-can not be done. ·And ·bur manufacturers Mr. HEARD. Will you allow me an inquiry? who can not sell machines at home have sold hese old-style ma­ Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. chines, without the ~atest improvements, to foreigners at less Mr. HEARD. If that is so; if tin is dearer by wholesale, why than they sell their new first-class machines. · · is it cheaper at retail? Why, I have had a little experience in this thing. We have Mr. PAYNE. Because the advance is so very slight, and the a manufactory in my town that makes hoes and forks. And by competition in making up tinware is so great, that they can not the way the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] said and do not get an increase of price. that the farmer paid more for his hoes. Well, now, how that Mr. HEARD. · Then the cause of that is, because the labor is would strike the manufacturei: of hoes, or a hard ware dealer. I cheaper, is it not? can rememb ::~ r, twenty-five years ago, when hoes sold at list Mr. PAYNE. Not at all. Do you not know that it is made price and even at a percentage above the list, but they have up ~enerally by machinery. It is on account of the inventive been gradually coming down. First it was 20 off, then 40 off, 50, gemus of the universal Yankee. 60, 70, "70 and two tens and five," and· then ·80 off. They are Mr. HEARD. Oh; I thought it was the tariff. [Laughter on still lower to-day than they ever sold in the world before, and the Democratic side.] ' yet the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] says that Mr. PAYNE. Now, ~ I understand the gentleman from Ohio the farmers have to pay more for them now than they did before [Mr. EzRA B. TAYLOR], who is in the business, he tells me that the McKinley law went into effect. while tin costs a little more, they are to-day selling their goods I was up at Ogdensburg and saw this hoe question tried out. cheaper and paying the laborers the same wages that they paid Right across the river is the town of Prescott. I was told there before this iniquitous McKinley bill was passed. The manufac­ that some Democrat who had wandered 'into that country had turer, it seems, have been struck by the bill; the manufacturers, said to the farmers that a hoe which brought, I think, 75 cents you know, that you talk so much about. in Ogdensburg was sold at Prascott for 50 cents, and our people Mr. HEARD. Then this is a concession from the manufac­ investigated it. They went over to Prescott and they bought turers to the consumer? one of these 50-cent hoes, made by some manufacturer in Con­ Mr. PAYNE. Concession! They do not get as much JlrOfit necticut. They showed it to the merchant in Ogdensburg, say­ under the McKinley bill as they did before. Do you understand ing, "Here I want a hoe made by so-in-so in Connecticut." that? Well, he brought one out. "How much do you want for it?" Mr. HEARD. I understand your assertion, but do not see why It was 75 cents, I believe. I do not remember the exact price, the manufacturers wanted the law. except that it was more ·than the Canadian hoe. Mr. PAYNE. I see the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. Well, the man said, "Here, I have got a ·hoe just like that, PENDLETON] desires to ask me a question. made by the same maker, that I paid less for in Canada than you Mr. PENDLETON. The question I want to ask the gentle­ sell it here for. How do you account for that?" man, and I think I have never heard it discussed by Republican He said, " My friend, you lean a little on the handle of that hoe authority upon the labor question, and that is whether the rate that you bring here." of wages in this country has increased or decreased since 1870? The man did it, and the thing broke. Mr. PAYNE. Well, if the gentleman will consult statistics, "Now," said the merchant, "you see it iscross-grained, don't if he will take free-trade authority, he need not go to Republic­ you. Do you see the clean straight grain in the handle of that ans; if he will take free-trade statisticians for authority, he hoe that I offer you." Then, said he, "you look at the blade of will find that wages have continually appreciated in this country. the hoe, and although you are not an expert you will see the dif­ Mr. PENDLETON. Since 1870? . ference." And he did. He found the flaw in the blade of the l\'Ir. PAYNE. If he will go to the report of the commissioner Canadian ho3, and he found none in the American hoe. of labor of the State of New York, a Democratic official, he will ' Now," said the merchant, "bend the corner of that hoe on find that last year, on the demand of wage-earners for higher the floor, or chop it into the floor and see what the effect will be;" wages, wages were increased in 1,941 ca es-- And it bent like so much tinware. "Now take my hoe and dig :Mr. PENDLETON. Since when? itin the floor," and he did, and therewasnogiveaboutit. That l\'Ir. PAYNE. For that year; increased above the wages that is the whole of it. "I have some hoes in my cellar just like the the men had been getting previous to the demand. 1892. CONGRESSION·AL RECORD-HOUSE. 2157

Mr. PENDLETON. My question was as to the period since here-they found that their trade was being stolen away by a 1870. German manufacturer who made his goods by a drop-hammer, Mr. PAYNE. I am talking about this now. I refer the gen­ at one drop on a piece of cheap open-hearth steel. Our manu­ tleman to Mr. Atkinson for the increase in wages since 1870. facturers put in the best steel and they made their blades by hand Mr. PENDLETON. Lwill explain tothegentleman, ifhewill with a hand hammer. The German not only made a knife that permit me, why I ask this question. I notice that Republican looked like ours, but one that, to an ordinary observer, could not authorities who speak of the rise in wages in this country always be distinguished from it, and besides that he stamped on the blade begin with 1860, and claim that that rise was occasioned by the of the knife the words "Central City Knife Company," just as tariff. our people did. Mr. PAYNE. You were born before 1860? Not satisfied with that, he made a box exaetly similar in ap­ Mr. PENDLETON. Yes, sir. pearance to that which our people made, so that thew hole appear­ Mr. PAYNE. Do you not remember the premium on gold? ance of his product was deceptive to the consumer. So they Do you mean to say that the gold value of wages has not steadily peddled those knives to the wholesale trade at 32 c3nts a dozen. increased in this country from 1860 down to the present hour? We can not make ours for less than 60 cents a dozen, and of Mr. PENDLETON. I do not think it has; but I wanted to course we could not stand that competition. These wholesalers find out from you what you believe. went around to our trade and sold those knives at a little below 1\fr. PAYNE. If you will take the pains to study the question our price and thus stole away our customers. But that was not and will look at the price of gold for the corresponding period the worst of it. The farmers had got used to our knives; they you will find that that is true from the beginning· to the end of knew there was good stuff in them; they liked thelll; the farmer's the period. - boy knew our knife when he saw it. These people, when they Mr. PENDLETON. Are wages now higher than they were saw:' Central City Knife Company" stamped on the blade sup­ in 1870? I know that they are higher than they wer-e in 1860. posed that these were the genuine products of our factory; under Mr. PAYNE. They are. They are higher at a gold basis in that idea they bought this foreign article and paid 2 shillings for dollars and cents, and in purchasing power they are a large per it at retail-just what they had paid for our knives. cent higher than in dollars and cents. Thus these foreign manufacturers stole our trade. But, worse Mr. PENDLETON. Are they higher in actual figures? than that, they stole our reputation; and afterward when per­ · .Mr. PAYNE. Isay they are higher in dollars and cents; that sons came round undertaking to sell our genuine knives, our is actual figures,~ it not? . former customers said, "Well, we used to think you made a good Mr. PENDLETON. There is another question that I wanted article, but you have degenerat.e.d so much in the Illallufacture to ask you, for I regard you as an aut!:10rity upon this subject, that we will not buy any more of your knives." ·because you serve on the highest committee that deals with the Now, in the McKinley bill we put a s!>ecific duty on those tariff. cheap knives, making it large enough to compensate for the dif­ Mr. PAYNE. You flatter me. ference between the cost of labor abroad and the cost here. We Mr. PENDLETON. Another argument that gentlemen of your went a little farther than that. We required that upon, the im­ way of thinking use is this, that wages are higher in this coun­ ported article there should .be plainly stamped, either upon the try than they are in England. Now, I want you to state whether article itself or upon the box or package containing it, the name wages have increased underyourhigh tariff in this country more of the country where it was manufactured. than they have increased in England since the establishment of The result is that now those people do not go around any more the high tariff system in this country? selling spurious ''Central City Knife Company" knives made Mr. PAYNE. I think Mr. ATKINSON is a good enough author­ in Germany. Ther, have to sell their knives for what they are. ity, and I refer you to him. The result is, too, ~hat in our little factory-would you believe Mr. PENDLETON. Iregardyouas amuchhigherauthority. it?-trade is so increased that they are running with two sets of Mr. PAYNE. Well, I have not studied this question of wages hands. They have brought in new laborers-men who were away back to the flood. [Laughter.] I do not remember the per­ earning less money, earning more money now-simply because centage of difference in '\vages, in 1860, in the United States and of the KcKinley bill. And the customers are buying their knives in Great Britain. at25 cents apiece, the same as they paid for this foreign stuff; and Mr. DOCKERY (to Mr. PENDLETON). Let him give the in­ they are getting good, genuine American knives made by hand. crease since the enactment of the McKinley bill. [Laughter.] Mr. TUR.NER. If the gentleman will allow meamoment­ Mr. PENDLETON. No, that is not my point. I understand Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. - that our Republican friends claim that wages are higher in this Mr. TURNER. Was Mr. Bradley the gentleman to whom you country than in England, and that the increase has come about referred as having been before your committee? by reason of the tariff. Now, I want the gentleman from New Mr. PAYNE. Mr. VanDorn. York to say whether the wages were not just as much 4igher in Mr. TURNER. I believe you 'were a member of the commit- . this country under what our Republican friends call a free-trade tee that prepared the present tariff law? . tariff. Mr. BOWERS (having just entered the Hall and placed on his Mr. PAYNE. They are not so much higher, not the same desk a large block of tin). I always try to make my words good. percentage; but what the exact difference was in 1860 between I have here that block of tin of which I spoke. wages in this country and wages in Great Britain I can not call Mr. PAYNE. I had every confidence in the gentleman's state­ to mind. However, I refer the gentleman to any statistician, I ment. Still, I say I can bring a hundred witnesses to prove 'that do not care how much he may be tainted with free trade, who that block of tin came from Wales, that it did not come from has taken the _pains to get up the figures? Temescal. Mr. PENDLETON. I disagree with the gentleman entirely. Mr. BOWERS. Why, I saw it run out with my own eyes: They are lower here now relatively. Mr. TURNER. I will say that there is a peculiar reputatior.. Mr. BURROWS. Then why did you ask the question? which seems to attach to all gentlemen who say anything about Mr. WILSON of West Virginia. He wanted to see whether tin, and I propose to avoid that subject. The gentleman from a Republican would tell the truth. [Laughter.] · New York was talking about cutlery. I believe the Committee Mr. PAYNE. I am sorry my friend does not agree with me, on Ways and Means during the last Congress, in the preparation but I think I will go on nevertheless. [Laughter.] Now, as I of the bill which is now the law, took as a basis the Senate bill was saying, according to this Democ1'atic Commissioner of Labor of a previous Congress._ · in the State of New York, the increase in wages demanded by Mr. PAYNE. I can hardly say that. We had the Senate bill wage-earners was granted in 1,941 cases, and a reduction in before us and also the Mills bill. We certainly did not take the wages was made in 441 cases. A reduction in the hours of la­ Mills bill as a basis, and it can hardly be said that we took tb,e bor, the wages remaining the same (which is in reality equiv­ Senate bill. alent to an increase in wages), was made in2,085cases. The gen­ Mr. TURNER. I call the attention of the gentleman to the tleman wants to know where the increase hasbeen. Why, some statement made before that committee by Mr. Thomas W. Brad­ of you gentlemen in your wanderings up and down the country ley, president and treasurer of the New York Knife Company .. must have seen a plush-faetory or a pearl-button factory, or an He was asked whether the Senate bill suited him. The chair­ increased activity in woolen or in some other kind of manufae­ man of the committee read to him one of the items in the bill, ture. which the gentleman can compare while I read it, if he will. Take cutlery, for instance. A little con~ern up in my district Mr. PAYNE. What clause'? has been struggling along making cutlery for fifteen years. They Mr. TURNER. I refer to paragraph 165 of the present law. make a good article, of course, for they live in my district. The gentleman from New York has been talking about the com­ [Laughter.] Brother HARTER knows that, for he has been there, mittee having heard everybody on these various matters. I de­ [Laughter.] A few years ago they found that their trade was sire that the gentleman may see what effect these hearings had being stolen away by a German manufacturer--:-not an English upon the committee. Whenever this interruption of mine be­ one, so I am not making much of a point against the free traders comes tedious I shall very gladly withdraw.

- 2158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1\fA..RCH 17,

Mr. PAYNE. Gorighton. Ica.natanditaslongastheHouse Mr. PAYNE. Simply, because the tables ol importation of can, and probably the House likes a little interruption of this the United States show that on some of these grades there was kind to vary the monotony of my voice. a larger importation, an excessive importation of goods paying Mr. TURNER (reading): these duties, prior to 1890. That is the reason we need protec- The CHAIIDUN. The Senate provision: "Penknives or pocketknives of a.ll tion. We need it, because, when we get a patent, they are here kinds. or parts thereo!, wholly or partly ma.nuta.ctured, va.lued a.t not more to copy the machine and take ad vantage of our ideas. How long than 50 cents per dozen, 12 cents per dozen." That is what you mean is sat- d

Why, in this same copy of the Western Mail, published in Car­ M r . HARTER. Now, I wiil give you another instance~ with diff, Wales-I will not stop to read it-is an interview with a work­ your permission. ingman, in which he says that carpenters, fitters, smiths, join­ Mr. PAYNE. Certainly; I am not objecting. ers, enginemen, and kindred mechanics are getting the magnifi ­ Mr. HARTER. In reply to the point which you have made, cent sum of 17s. 6d. to l8s. per week. That is SO cents a. day over I will take towns of comparatively the same population, where there. Does anyone doubt but that our carpenters and mechanics the expense of living is really about the same. get double and more than double that sum? Is there a place in Mr. PAYNE. I suppose that the printers at Deshler were the country where they do not. girls, were they not? Take up a foreign paper and take foreign wages anywhere ; Mr. HARTER. I am not informed about that. take a mechanic or laborer who has come here from Great Brit­ Mr. PAYNE. Then you ought to be. ain to better his condition, and ask him to compare the wages Mr. HARTER. But I will try an occupation where they he got there with the wages he gets h er e, and h e says they are would not be girls. Here are plasterers. I find that in Akron, double here. And still you say he has to do more wor.k for the Ohio, plasterera receive $3 a day, under a protective tariff. Under double wages. Take the wages by the piece and compare them, the same protective tariff, at Fredericktown, they receive $1.50. anti you will see the same disproportion between the wages h ere Mr. PAYNE. Where? ' and the wages there. And still in the face of all this you willgo Mr. HARTER. In Ohio; in the Congressional district where on the stump this fall and say that we have to work so many I live. They are less than 200 miles apart, and under the same more hours or do so much more work that the price of labor is tariff . Will-the gentleman explain why thathasnotbeenequal­ as great in England as it is in this country. Why, if that is so, ized under the laws of the last one hundred and one or one hun­ if the laborer does not b anefit his condition when he comes here, dred and two years? why in the name of common sense does he not go back? Why Mr. DiNGLEY. They•are diffet·ent classes of workmen. do not some of our laborers who are said to be starving her~ go Mr. PAYNE. I suppose there are half a dozen reasons that back to Great Britain? Why do not some of our native Ameri­ will explain that. In the fit·st place it may depend upon whether cans go over there to better their condition? your constituents read the daily papers, and know what they Mr. SIMPSON. Will the gentleman permit a question? give for wages up in Akron. It may depend upon the quality of Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. the workmen. It may depend upon whether Fredericktown is Mr. SIMPSON. Just for information-- built up, and there one workman has not enough work to do to Mr. PAYNE. Oh, do not ba foxy, but ask your question. work at that trade the year through, but has to put in three Mr. SIMPSON. Will the gentleman please explain in what months in the year in some other employment; or it may be that particular the carpenters of this country are protected? he has not got enterprise enough to go to Akron. There are a Mr. HENDERSON of Illinois. Can buildings be imported into thousand things that may be taken into account. But either this country? gets double the wages paid the Welsh mechanic. Mr. PAYNE. That is rather old straw. Mr. HARTER. I have a list of the same kind of comparisons o Mr. SIMPSON. It is worth thrashing again, I think. You about which I would like to ask my friend, but his friends desire are in that business. that he shall continue with his speech, and I will not trespass on Mr. PAYNE. In the first place, as my friend from illinois his time. [Mr. HENDERSON] says, can you import buildings into this Mr. PAYNE. Haveyou heard anythingfrom GovernorHILL country? within a day or two? [Laughter.] Mr. SIMPSON. If you can not, you do not need protection. Mr. HARTER. I have he1·e in my hand communications, but Mr. PAYNE. Is not the carpenter protected, then? not from Governor HILL. Mr. BUTLER. By nature. Mr. PAYNE. Governor HILL does not seem to .a..:,o-ree with the Mr. PAYNE. By nature, and not by law. gentleman from Ohio on the tariff any more than he does on the ... :Mr. SIMPSON. I thoughttheMcKinleybilldid it? [Laugh­ silver question. I see he says down at Birmingham-- ter on the Democratic side.] Mr. BUTLER. I want to-- - Mr. PAYNE. Now, wait a minute. If it was not for the in­ Mr. PAYNE. Hold on, the leaders of the party first. {Laugh­ dustries protected by the tariff, industries which are calling into ter.] a{}tivity the laborers in this country, the wages of the carpenter Mr. BOUTELLE. Why do not you answer the leader, then? would go down, in the general average, to the wages in Great Mr. PAYNE. I will answer the gentleman. He will give way Britain. That is the rea.....<:<>n they are double here what they are to Governor HILL. Governor HILL, in discussing the subject there. It is on the general average. of tariff, says: Mr. HARTER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a !want to read you a provision in the platform of 1888, which shows that question? the Democratic party is not in favor of a reduction of taxation so tha.t it Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. It rests me. [Laughter.] would injure the wages of a single laboring man_ Mr. HARTER. What would you say was the average rate of Does my friend from Ohiosubscribeto that? Buti see he has wages between the United States and Great Britain-the general retired, and I will not repeat it. Then he says: average? Here it is: The necessary reduction in the taxaUon can and must be er fected without depriving the American laborer of the ability to compete sue· Mr. PAYNE. I think they are about double here. oessfully with foreign labor, anu without imposing lower rates of duty than Mr. HARTER. Do you say that seriously? will be ample to cover any increase in cost of production which may result 1\!r. PAYNE. I do. in consequence of a higher rate of wages prevailing in this country. Mr. HARTER. Do you consider then-I judge so from what Mr. DINGLEY. That is protection. you say., but would like to ask you-do you consider that differ­ .. a:r . PAYNE. That was the Democratic platform of 1888. ence in wages is maintained by a. protective tariff, and thatother­ Why, my friend from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN] goes back to 1876 wise wages would be eq ua.lized? to find how the Democratic party stands on the subject di pro- • ~ir. PAYNE. I mean to say, sir, that if you could have your tection and free trade, and still he will not allow my colleague way-- [Mr. RAINES] to go back to 1880on the question of tin plate; and Mr. HARTER. Free trade-- here is the platform of the Democratic party of 1888. Mr. PAYNE. If you could abolish the custom-houses of the l\1r. RAINES. And it was in the Democratic platform of 1884. country-- Mr. PAYNE. That plank was nothing else i.l1 the world but - Mr. HARTER. Except for revenue-- protection pure and simple. That is the way they talked it up in Mr. PAYNE. Except for revenue, and put it on sugar, tea, my State, in New Jersey, and in New England; and I doubt very coffee, and the necessit~es of life, within five years from the time much whether any of you people of the Southern States knew the law went into effect it would bring down the wages in this that that was in the platform. You were running your campaign country to a. dead level with the wages of Great Britain. on the plank which indorsed the Mills bill. But Senator HILL Mr. HARTER. Now, sir, I would like to ask you another has made another discovery, and I am always glad that the dis­ question. I have the last report of the Republican Commis­ coverer should be known. sioner of Labor Statistics in Ohio, and we have the same kind He said in his speech at Birmingham: of a tariff in all parts of Ohio. No1V, I find at Cincinnati the The famous bill known a.s the Mills bill was framed in aeco:rd.ance with printers receive $3 a day on the average. Ifind at Deshler, less that platform. I wonder if Mr. Mills ever knew that- than 300 miles from Cincinnati, they reoei ve $1 a day, or only 33t and I repeat now, speaking of that great bill UI>OU which we entered the per cent of what they receive in Cincinnati. Now, how do you campaign of 1888, that outside of the -f:ree list there is not a single article oocount for that difference of wages under the sa.me tariff? upon which the duty is reduced in that Mills bill which upon which there was not levied a dut y sufficient between the cost of labor involved in the Mr. PAYNE. Now, you go toDeshlerandyoucan hire alaw­ production in this country and other countries. In other W{)rds, the Dem­ yer probably for $5 a day, but when you go to get a first-cllss ocratic party's )>Osition is that, so tar a.s the di1Ierence {)f wage has gone in lawyer at Cincinnati. it will costyou$50. Why? Because it costs the ta.ri1r question, the duties shall be sufil.cient to reconcile the ditrerence. more to live in Cincinnati than it does at Deshler; and of course I wonder how that doctrine would suit my friend from Ne­ there is a difference in wages~ braska [Mr. BRYAN]? I hope that my friend from Ohio {Mr. ' 2160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. M.ABOH . 17'~

HARTER], when he gets an answer from Governor HILL en the cause of it; that it was due to our protective sy:stem, and advised silver question, will not fail to get his views on the tariff ques­ the adoption of that system in Germany. Then the Germans tion also, if the other does not prove to be comprehensive enough commenced with a protective tariff, and their industries have to cover the whole subject. [Laughter.] been growing from that day to this and wages there have risen. Mr. COMPTON. Now, will you allow me to go back to where Mr. Atkinson, I think, or possibly Mr Mulhall, shows that from we parted? Do you remember my last question? 1882, when they adopted the tariff, until188'1, the time at which Mr. PAYNE. I have no objection to your going back, but I he was writing, wages had increased in Germany more than 33-! will consider whether I shall travel backwithyouornot. [Laugh­ per cent. . . , ter.] Mr. SIMPSON. Does the gentleman from New York attribute Mr. COMPTON. My last question was how it happened that the present prosperity of the laborers in Germany, resulting in articles· manulactured for the use of the farmer in this country bread riots, to the protective tariff which exists there? [Laugh­ were sold at lower rat_es to purchasers outside this country than ter.] to our own people. Mr. P.AYNE. I have not got quite through yet with the Mr.J>AYNE. I have answered that. gentleman from Iowa, but I will come to the gentleman from Mr. COMPTON. Well, I have a little evidence on that sub- Kansas. The gentleman from Kansas says they have bread riots ject which 1 should like to present. . in Berlin. That is true, sir. They have a monarch there who Mr. PAYNE. Put that in your own speech, not in mine. is striving to make his reign absolute.' a man who is fanning the [Laughter]. inflamed passions of the multitude. Tney have an army-the sup­ Mr. COMPTON. If my friend will bear with me, I would port of which is breaking down the energies of the people and · like-- • crushing out the very life of the laboring man. And yet, in spite Mr. PAYNE. Not a bit of it. I do not want any extra edition of all this, they are getting their industries on their feet, and al­ of the NewYorkWorld interpolated in my speech. [Laughter.] though they are not yet sufficiently developed to call into activ­ I am willing to be asked questions, but I do not want any such ity. all the labor of Germany, still there has been the remarable thing as that put into my speech. increase in the price of labor within the five years which I have Mr. COMPTON. Then you do not want the facts in your stated. Will my friend from Kansas tell me why it is that in speech. free-trade England there are, it is said, almost a million of men Mr. BUTLER. Now, will the gentleman from New York an­ striking at this very moment for wages enough to give them, not swer my question? I have asked a few questions here, always the luxuries, but the very necessaries of life. Why is that? in good faith, though not always answered in that way. Mr. SIMPSON. For the same reason that the same thingex­ Mr. PAYNE. You do not mean to say that I have not an­ ists in the United States. No less an authority than Senator In­ swered you properly? galls said in his speech not a year ago that there were a mil.lion Mr. BUTLER. No; you have answered me with perfect pro- of men in this country looking for work who were unable to find priety every time. . it, and that was under your protective system. Mr. PAYNE. Thank you. Mr. DINGLEY. And nobody believed it. . . Mr. BUTLER. You speak of workmen coming from England Mr. PAYNE. I believe Senator Ingalls did make some state­ and Wales to this country, and I understand you to assign as a ment of that kind about the time that the Kansas Legislature reason for that the fact that we have protection in this country were to hold an election for Senator (laughter], and I have a while in England they have free trade. sort of suspicion that a majority of that Legislature were of Mr. PAYNE. I say they come here to better their condition. the stripe of calamity-shouters whose occupation is gone unless Mr. BUTLER. Then my question is, How do you aecountfor they can prove that calamity stalks abroad by noonday as well the fact that a great many more people come·from protective as by night in this country. [Laughter.] I do not wonder that Germany than from free-trade England? such gentlemen are anxious to make it appear that there are Mr. PAYNE. I expected somegentlemanwouldaskme about hundreds or thousands or millions of tnen out of employment that. in this country, because unless they can make the people believe Mr. COMPTON. I trust my friend will not insist upon cutting this, "the places that now know them will soon know them no me off. more forever." Mr. PAYNE. I doinsist. [Laughter.] Mr. DAVIS. The Republicans of Kan as are the apostles of Mr. COMPTON. We are all seeking the truth. despair compared with us. . · Mr. PAYNE. Well, you cannot get itfromDemocraticnews­ Mr. PAYNE. It can not be that they are stealing your stock papers. You had better go to official sources. in trade. Mr. COMPTON. This that! am going to cite is from a United Mr:DAVIS. Well, they have nearly got it all. . States official. Mr. PAYNE, I know some Republicans in Kansas; and from Mr. PAYNE. Oh, no. Now, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. what !know of them, I doubt... the statement of my friend, al- BUTLER] wants me to account for the difference between wages though I know he makes it in good faith. . . . in free-trade England and wages in Germany and France, where, But I will come back now to my speech, because I must make I will frankly admit, wages are lower even than they are in Eng­ this speech whether you interrupt me or not. . land. If I explain that, I think it will be an answer to his ques­ The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] says that tion. while most of the-grades of sugar are put on the h·ee list the finer Mr. HENDERSON of Illinois. He wants you to explain why grades are still taxed heavily for the benefit of the manufacturer, it is that a great many more people come from Germany than who is left with more protection than by the rates of the Mills from Great Britain. bill. I would like to know what arithmetic my friend from Ten­ Mr. PAYNE. Well, the fact thattheydocomewould perhaps nessee studied when he was a boy. Why, sir, by the Mills bill show that wages are somewhat lower in those countries than in the duty on raw sugar below No.13, which polarizes at 750, is put Great Britain. at1.15 cents; and they added .0032 of a cent for every degree above England adopted her free-trade policy, if my memory is correct, 75. - about 1846. Mr. Wells says that they commenced it in the same Now, sugars imported for refining in this country average way that our Democratic friends are commencing here now; they about 9()0, so that every refiner who talks about the duty on sugars were n.ot strong enough to wrestle with the tariff as a whole, so says that the duty at 9()0 is the standard duty for raw sugar. they punched a hole in it here and there, until finally they re­ By the Mills bill the duty on raw sugar at 900 was fixed at 1.65 pealed the whole business. Now, England had already made cents. The refiners also say that there is about .fpercent of waste great strides in manufacturing industries. She had established in refining these sugars. That would make the duty on raw her industries, she had established them under a system of pro­ sugars 1. '1 cents. They put on sugars between 16 and 20, 2.4 cents tection the like of which the history of the world has never seen duty. So they gave about seven-tenths of a cent protection, and equaled. She had laws which even prevented the exportation the gentleman from Tenneesee says that this is less than the - of machinery from Great Britain to other nations for the purpose five-tenths of a cent which we gave, while we made all sugars be­ of building up their manulactures. She had, I say, her manu­ low No. 16 free. I will not go on with the rest of this computa­ factures thoroughly established; in fact, she was almost the only tion. It simply shows the gentleman still farther away from manufacturing natwn in the world. Our own manufa~turing in­ the facts in reference to this point. dustries were insignificant; they were as nothing compared with We predicted that making sugar below No. 16 free would make hers when she adopted her free-trade policy. Germany and all grades 2 cents a pound cheaper to every consumer. We did France had free trade. They had it down to within a very re­ this because with a hundred years of protection only one-ninth cent period. of our consumption was produced here, and this was a purely rev­ It was only in 1880 that that great statesman of Germany, Bis­ alue tariff and was a t9.x. We wanted to show the people what marck, having studied our protective system, having watched this only relic of English tariff-for-revenue free-trade policy was the unparalleled progress that we had made in this country from doing,and you have the result. Butyoucan not mention an item 1860 llown to that time, announced that he had discovered the on the list which ca~ be manufactured here freely, when you make 1892. CONGRESSION-AL RECORD-HOUSE. 2161 up by tariff the difference in cost of labor, where five years of distinguished colleague on the committee resides, and that he protection has not reduced the cost to the consumer. knew from an experience of many years that 40 per cent was nec­ Now, my friend from Nebraska [Mr. BRYAN] who spoke so en­ essary in that industry. Well, they accused us of reducing the tertainingly yesterday, with so much rhetoric, with so many tariff on goods that go to the wealthy and incraasing the duties graces of speech, with stories funny or alleged to be funny, had on the poor and on the laboring people; and yet they bring in a good deal to say about "highway robbery" and "burglary" here a bill which reduces the cheap goods 5 per cent, and on the and all that sort of thing; and._he quoted from the opinion of the dearer class of goods, the velvets and the plushes, they reduce Supreme Court to the effect that taking the property of one man that from 60 to 45 per cent, that is 15 per cent. Where is the and putting it into the pocket of another without any public ban­ consistency of that'? I will not be demagogue enough to retort efit is highway robbery, or burglary, or something to that effect. on them, though I would still like to have them say why they Well, if you take the property of one man and put it in to another are decreasing goods that the rich buy so much more than the man's pocket without a public benefit, I agree with the gentle­ goods that the poor buy. But I will leave that for the third party man that it is highway robbery. Take the school tax. I may to talk about. have no children; my neighbor may have half a dozen. In any My friend from Georgia alluded the other day to this wool ques­ town in this country where I might live they would tax my prop­ tion. He alluded to the duty on velvets and ready-made cloth­ erty to educate the children of my neighbor. ing. This can only be justified on account of public benefit, and we Mr. TURNER. I spoke of ready-made clothing. all cheerfully acquiesce in it. The protective system, harmonious, Mr. PAYNE. They are embraced in ·~he same paragraph. unique, built up on the principles of protection, with the idea ex­ Mr. TURNER. I know, but I itemized the statement. pressed in the plank of the Democratic platform of 1888, to which Mr. PAYNE. Very well; the gentleman alluded to the p!tea­ Mr. HILL refers in his speeches, of making up the difference of graph which includes velvet and ready-made clothing and said wages between this country and the countries of the Old World, the compensatory duty on them was the same as the duty of 4i securesthegreatestgood to the greatestnumber. Itisforthepub­ pounds of wool; that the American farmer got a tariff on his wool lic benefit, more generally, more diversely for the public benefit, of 11 cents a pound, and that 49 cents per pound was the compen­ than even the school tax. And when you take money from one satory duty put on by the bill as an equivalent to the manufac­ man's pocket, from the consumer's pocket, and put it into the turer. pocket of the laboring man, and do it for the benefit of the great­ Mr. TURNER. If the gentleman will examine the statement est number, you are conferring a public benefit; you are doing he will see that I stated that the 49 per cent was to be as compen­ it for public purposes and for the public good. That is all the sation to the manufacturer on the supposition that it would take difference between the gentleman from Nebraska and myself on 4! pounds of unwashed wool to make 1 pound of cloth, and I say the question of a bounty. that is excessive. Now, 1 want to read what was said a hundred years bafore Mr. PAYNE. Well, I stated what I understood the gentle­ the statesmanfromNebraska had uttered thiscriticism. I want man to say; but I take the gentleman's statement. to read what was said by a man whose name is honored by all Now, let us examine that question. The Committee on Ways parties in this country-the greatest financier who ever appeal'ed and Means of the Fifty-first Congress examined it very carefulry. in public life ,in the United States-Alexander Hamilton. I We had experts before us, men who were familiar with the man­ quota his language: ufacture of cloth in all of its stages. They said that the fine The bounty is a species of encouragement more positive and direct than grades of yarn took 3! potmds of wool to make 1 pound of yarn, any other, and for that very reason has a more immediate tendency to stim­ and of course I speak now of the unwashed wool or wool in the ulate and uphold new enterprises, increasing the chances of profit and di­ minishing the risks of loss in the first attempts. Bounties are sometimes not graase. Again, when they came to dye and weave the yarn into only the best, but the only proper expedient for uniting the encouragement cloth there was another loss of an equivalent of a half -pound, of a new object of agriculture with that of a new object of manufacture. which would require 4 pounds of wool' to make the finer quali­ There is a degree of prejudice against bounties, from an appearance of giv lng away the public money without an immediate consideration, and from ties-that is to say, 4 pounds to make 1 pound of cloth. Then a supposition that they serve to enrich particular classes at the expense of they said that the velvets had to be cut, and cut by hand, and the community. But neither of these sources of dislike will bear a serious that this cutting or clipping process, of course, wasted the wool examination. There is no purpose to which public money can be more ben­ 'eflcially applied than to the acquisition of a new and useful branch of indus­ and would require a half pound more; so that the compensation try; no consideration more valuable than a permanent addition to the gen­ should be 4t pounds of wool to make a pound of velvet. eral stock of productive labor. The same argument was made in reference to clothing, in the As to the second source of objection, it equally lies against other modes of encouragement which are admitted to be eligible. As often as a duty cutting out of the armholes and forming the cloth to the back, upon a foreign article makes an addition to its price, it causes an extra ex­ there baing always a waste of cloth. They said that waste pense to the community for the benefit of. the domestic manufacturer. A amounted to one-half pound, and that it was necessary to have bounty does no more. But it is the interest of the society, in each case, to submit to a temporary expense, which is more than compensated by an in­ 4t pounds of wool to a pound of cloth-1 mean, of course, wool in crease of industry and wealth, by an augmentation of resources and inde­ the grease. Well, we wanted to protect the women who sewed :r.endence, and by the circumstance of eventual cheapness. ZAlexander Ham­ up these clothes in this country. We did not want t.o put a duty Ilton, Secretary of the Treasury, Report on Manufactures, December 5, 1791.) on wool that would keep out wool and bring it in in the shape I am willing to leave the tariff question just where Alexander of manufactured clothing; but we gave them this 4t pounds of Hamilton put it one hundred years ago. Nothing new on the compensatory duty, and I have not heard an expression on the subject has ever been invented against it, and his statement is as subject; no man who manufactures clothing and who has tested clear and forcible in favor of it as any language I could possibly the question or is familiarwith it doubtsbutwhatitis an equiva­ adopt to-day. lent compensatory duty and a proper duty at the rate of 4i Now, Mr. Chairman, I want to speak about the bill for a few pounds. The farmer gets the duty on 4t pounds of wool, and he minutes (laughter], for I had almost forgotten that there was a pays it on the cloth. He does not get the duty on 1 pound of bill before the committee-! mean the wool bill. Our friends wool and pay four and a half times that duty on cloth, but he gets claim that the election of 1890 was an entire repudiation of the it all on the wool that goes into the cloth, an~ that is all there is whole theory of the McKinley bill, of the two bills, and of the of that. protective tariff question, and that they are here, 140 majority The price of wool has been spoken of. I have t.ables which I strong, to right that thing before the country. And yet, not­ will print as an appendix to my remarks, showing· that since withstanding this statement, they did not dare to bring into this this McKinley· bill went into effect the average reduction in the Hous9 a general revision of the tariff, a bill to include the whole price of foreign wool has been 19 per cent and over, and of cor­ subject, and place it before the people in comparison with the responding grades in this country about 4 per cent. But for the McKinley bill. protection of this bill who shall say that the price of the farm­ Why, that is a tribute of itself to the completeness and the wis­ ers' wool would not have been reduced 19 per cent in this coun­ dom of the legislation of 1890 on this subject. But they come in try also? "Oh," but they tell us in one breath, "take off the here with three separate bills. They put wool on the free list. duty on wool and it will raise the priceof wool;" and in the next Clause 392 of the tariff act-the present law, the McKinley bill­ breath they say "Take off the duty on wool and it will cheapen puts a duty of 40 per cent on the rp.anufacturers of certain cloths. the raw material, and the farmer and the mechanic will get This bill retains a dutyof40per cent upon that same paragraph. cheaper clothing." I am just alittle curious to know why, if 40 percent was needed While these statements are diametrically opposed, yet at dif­ for the protection of that, when they could reduce the precedinO' ferent points of time there is some truth in ea.ch one of them. paragraph 5 percent and the succ*ding paragraph, where ther~ Take off the duty on wool, and eventually the price of wool may is more labor involved, where the goods are higher priced, where go up. Why, and when? Wben the competition from Australia there was more cost, according to your theory, to the consumer, bas destroyed the flocks of the United· States, and the supply is why they should reduce that 15 per cent? not equal to the demand, then the price of wool will go up, and Now, I wondered why they had left it at that same duty, in the American farmer will no~ have any wool and will have to clause 392, -and I find that these same goods under that paraD"raph buy his clothing, and so in that respect what you say is true. are manufactured in Massachusetts, in the same town whe~e my Take the duty off of wool, and som~time in the future, when "'-1., XXill-136 2162' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAnoR 17, flocks are destroyed feom the face of the earth, then the price Mr. PAVIS. They come from high-tariff countries in Europe. of wool will go up. Mr. PAYNE. Where do the poor men who ara supported by But the fi rst tendency will be down. It will go to a level with the poor authorities come from? Do they come from the farm? foreign wool. I t will take off this extraS or 10 cents a pound that No, they come from the cities. Where is the farmer in this the farmer is getting now. There is no mistake about that. It country that does not live better than the farmer of any other will go down on domestic wool. Why, we consume in this country country on the face of the earth? Why, two years ago you saw the one-third of all the wool produced in the world. We raise a burning of Kansas corn here regularly every fifteen minutes when sixth of all the wool produced in the world. Blot out that one­ the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. ALLEN] was not engaged sixth and you increase the price of wool; but you destroy the in some other business. Talk about burning corn in Kansas! 1 American flocks; and when it will not do the farmer any good, suppose there has not been a Western State settled in the last then the price will go up. As was so elegantly expressed the forty years but what at some period the farmers have burned other day,'' the farmer wont be in it." corn for fuel. They did it in Illinois, in Indiana, in Wisconsin, Now, this wool question has been discussed so thoroughly and and in Iowa. so often that I do not propose to say much more upon it. We Does a man expect to go to the frontiers of civilization- does found, when we framed the McKinley bill, that on some articles a man expect to go to Kansas and take up the arid lands thera of clothing th e duty was so low that wool was coming in as man­ on the very edge, ay, in the desert, nd plow them, and have ufactured clothing, and not as rawwool. We made those duties them to bloom and blossom as the rose the first season? Would higher to compensate the laborer of this-country and the differ­ a man expect to go there and expect to live in wealth, affluence, ence in labor. The result has been that the wool that has come and comfort the first year he has broken up his land? Why, in has been compelled to come in as unmanufactured wool in­ the pioneer has always had a struggle in the first year when he stead of manufactured, to a large extent; and to that extent we was breaking up a new country. It is so to-day; it was so yes­ have benefited the laborer of this country. terday; and so the world over. There is no new condition of Mr. McMILLIN. Will my friend permit me to ask him a things in Kansas in this respect. Does a man expect by culti­ question right there? vating land, on which in two years at least in every five there Mr. PAYNE. Certainly. are crop failures because of drought, that he will live in wealth Mr. McMILLIN. You put, by confession of the bill itself and and affluence? Does he exp..,ct it for the first five years he oc­ the schedules that went with it, a large increase in the rates on cupies it? Yet from the speeches of these gentlemen you wool and woolen goods. Now, will the gentleman point toasin­ would have thought that is what they expected to do. gle factory in the United States makingwoolen goods where the Why, I have looked into the subject of farm mortgages some­ wages of the laborer have been increased correspondfugly? what. I find in Iowa that on acres (the farms) the mortgages Mr. PAYNE. Well, if the gentlemanhad sat hereduringmy are $140,000,000, on town lots $50,000,000. If there wete the same remarks, he would have heard what I had to say on that subject, proportion on acres as on town lots, according to the population, and I think I will have to refer him to the RECORD now. there would be still more than $140,000,000 on the farms. In Mr. McMILLIN. If the gentleman can point to one, I hope he Kansas it is $175,000,000 on acres, and on town lots $68,500,000. "will put it into the RECORD, for the RECORD has not con tamed And if the same proportion were to hold good on the farm lands one yet, and I have not seen such a case or heard of it. as in the town lots there would be $200,000,000 on farms. One Mr. PAYNE. Oh, you are not asking a question now. hundred and sixty-five millions in Illinois on acres, and $219,- Mr. PICKLER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a 000,000 on town lots. question? Mr. HENDERSON of Iowa. Will my friend allow me to make Mr. PAYNE. Yes, sir. a suggestion there. I want to say that the mortgage indebted­ Mr. PICKLER. I would like to inquire from what source the ness of the city of Chicago alone in that State aggregates more Committee on Ways and Means of the last Congress, in drafting than all the farms of the State by $27,000,000. the McKinley bill, arrived at their conclusions? Whether it Mr. PAYNE. That is true. The mortgage indebtedness of was from the concensusof opinion of the wool-growers and flock­ Chicago is $191,000,000, and of the farms ·of the State, $165,000,000. owners of the United States, or by what means you came to the Now, in Illinois these people have borrowed from their neigh­ conclusion you did as to the tariff on wool? bors 61 per cent; in Iowa they have borrowed from their neigh­ Mr. PAYNE. Well, we got information from the wool-grow­ bors 59 per cent; and in Kansas they have borrowed from their ers and the wool manufacturers, and the importers of woolen neighbors 3H per cent of their mortgage indebtedness. In Kan­ goods and the consumers of woolen goods; and from their in­ sas 70 per cent of the entire farm-mortgage loan is for what? - formation, adding what little judgment we had on the subject, Why, for the purchase of real estate and improvements in real we arrived at our conclusion. estate. Six per cent of it is for the purchase of personal prop­ Now, Mr. Chairman, I am taking altogether too much of the erty to use on the farm, and only 2! per cent of the farm-mort­ time of the House, and I do not think I ought to spend any more gage loan is for living purposes. And yet we hear gentlemen time upon this wool question, which has been so thoroughly dis­ howl about the farm mortgages in Kansas! In Iowa 87 per cent eussed by the gentleman from Maine [Mr. DINGLEY]. is for the purchase of new property and for improvements in real I was interested in the remarks of the gentleman from Ne­ estate; in illinois 80 per~ent is for the same purposes. braska [Mr. BRYAN] yesterday, when he so eloquently referred Contrast this with the loans in cities. The Comptroller of to the homes of the country, and to the purpose of the Demo­ the Currency reports that in a single day 47 banks in New York cratic party to take the hand of taxatjon off lumber which went loaned $297 ,110,561; in a single day 21 banks in Chicago loane( into the homes; off the hardware, the furniture, and even the $87,567 ,897; in a single day 9 banks in St. Louis loaned$27 ,864,107. carpets that went into the homes. Why, Mr. Chairman, if he On Septemb3r 25, 1891, 7,677 banks in the United States loaned did what he says he wants to do, and were to take the duty off $1,989,354,240, almost two billions of dollars. And in the year all classes of goods that can be made in this country, the laborer 1891, a single year, the State, savings and private banks, and would not have any carpet in his home to take the tariff off. He loan and trust companies loaned in personal securities alone would never own a home and have the title in himself. He would $2,060,000,000. Our accumulated wealth is $60,000,000,000. We simply have a lease-hold interest, for which he would pay a are a sixty-billion-dollar country. monthly Stipend, and would be reduced to the level of the condi­ Take the failures: In Massachusetts in 1891, according to Dunn tion of the wage-earner of free-trade England, which the gentle­ & Co, there wera 764 failures, amounting to nearly $14,000,000. man is so anxious to follow in its tariff policy. I will not stop to read all these figures, but the aggregate shows But, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman was very much concerned . that the failures in proportion to population in the States where about the farmer. He wants to take the tariff off wool for the the cities are, the Eastern States where you gentlemen say the benefit of the farmer, so that the flock-owners will go into some money is, are about four to one compared with the Western other business or go into some other branch of farming and cre­ States of Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois. You talk about the great ate some other sort of competition among farmers. I was a profits made by manufacturers, yet if you take the report of the farmer boy myself until I was 21 years of age. I wasbroughtup commissioner of labor of Connecticut, and take a number of lead­ on a small :farm and my sympathy has always been with that ing manufacturing industl·ies, cotton,wool, leather, rubber goods, class of our fellow citizens, composing as they do nearly one­ boots, hardware, clocks, you will find that the average earning half of the population of the United States. of the capital is barely 6 per cent. Why, it was asserted here Why, the district I am trying to represent is composed three­ yesterday on the authority of Thomas G. Shearman that 25 ,000 fourths of farmers. Their interests are my interests, and it is as men owned half the wealth qJ the United States. According to much my business here to :represent their interests as to repre­ that statement 25,000 men in this country own thirty billions of sent the laboring men in that district. I have always felt a wealth. Why, the statement is its own refutation. sympathy for the farmers of the United States. Mr. DAVIS. Senator Ingalls says: Mr. OTIS. We want something else. We are fast becoming the land of the rich and the home of the slave. Mr. PAYNE. Yes, you want· something else. What are we getting? Where do the pa_upers come from to this country? Mr. PAYNE. Oh, do not quote tome anymore of that speech 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2163 of Senator Ingalls which he made at the time the Kansas Legis­ pound-about a third of what it had been made in the Mills bi!l, lature was going to elect a Senator. [Laughter.] with the same free raw material. Mr. DAVIS. He made the same speech thirteen years b afore That is one of the "iniquities" of the McKinley bill-seven­ that, and r epeated it at that time. . tenths of a cent a pound. Now, they want to remove that duty. Mr. PAYNE. Do not quote that speech to me, because there Why? Do they give you any reason? TheNational Cordage Com­ was not any RBpublicanism in it. [Lau~hter.] panyhas bought up twenty-nine companies-owns them and does Mr. SIMPSON. No, there was no Republicanism in it, because business for them. We say in our report that there never has he told the truth that time. [Laughter.] been any combination here to advance the price of binding-twine. Mr. PAYNE. Now, Mr. Chairman, is a tariff act for grotec­ Is it true? Forty per cent according to Mr. Fitler, 50 percent ac­ tion a benefit to the people of the United States generally: The cording to theNationalCordageCompany, 50per cent according theory of the tariff is to build up a home market for the pro­ to Maj. Pierce, of St. Louis, whom my friend over the way [Mr. ducer at his own door. A little while ago I rode up through the COBB of Missouri] knows very well to be an honest, honorable State of Iowa. As we went through the cuts of the railroad I man-50 per cent of all the twine made in this country is made looked to see whether I could discover the bott.om of the soil. I outside of the Cordage Company. The competition is very sharp; could not see it as the cars went along. I got out at the town it has been so for more than a year. Binding-twine went down and went into a railroad cut and still failed to find the bottom, from 13t cents a pound in December, 1890, to 7t cents a pound in and I asked some of the people there if there was any place where May, 1891, at which price it remained during that year. I could find it. They referred me to a part of the cut 16 feet I shall publish some statements in reference to binding-twine deep and there at the bottom of that railroad cut, at that depth, which will bear out all these assertions. Fitler & Co., of Phila­ I found the bottom of that soil. They brought up some of their delphia, say that they have already contracted for a large por­ Iowa corn. Now, I was raised in a cornfield and I have seen a tion of their output (and they are the largest manufacturers in great deal of corn, yet that was a marvel to me. It was too heavy the United States) at even less than 7t cents per pound. But for a walking stiQk but not much too short. manilla has gone up; sisal has increased in value; and during the I was born and brought up in Western New York, that beauti­ last month binding-twine is being held at a little higher figure­ ful lake region, that region which weregardedasalmostthe Gar­ S cents a pound. den of Eden; yet when I used to plow, as a boy, if the plow ran Gentlemen say that this duty, added to the cost of twine, makes in 6 inches it was pretty sure to get down to hardpan, or else a difference of a cent an acre to the farmer. This is the bait that to the limestone rock. I asked myself how could our soil com­ is held out to the American farmer. See how he is relieved. • pete with that rich and exhaustless soil of the West? How Gentlemen propose to say to him," You have b een marching up could our farmers live? I knew also that a little farther east and down the earth; you have been robbed morning, noon, and of us they had farms that stood up at an angle of 600, and night; every time you open your eyes, every time you close them, were covered with stones, and yet men were living upon them, every time you eat a meal, every time you make a purchase, and right there, on that land, are some of the beautiful homes every time you breathe, you are robbed; we have come up here that mvfriendfrom Tennessee spoke of as having been lately aban­ to give you this magnificent relief. We propose to put wool on doned.~ I asked myself, how can we live in competition with that the free list, destroying your flocks, and binding-twine on the Western soil. But I looked ~bout me and I saw our villages and free list, making you a saving of a cent an acre." our cities, I saw the smokestacks with their vapor flo3.ting to­ Will there be a saving of a cent an acre to the farmers of the ward the skies, I saw the glowing furnace, I heard the hum of United States? Will any man here question the fact that where­ busy industry, I saw the troops of laborers smiling as they re­ ever there is competition in this country the price goes down to turned to their homes. I entered those homes. I found carpet the very lowest notch? Men may form their trusts, but no trust on the floors, I found a parlor organ or a piano in the best room, can live in this country unless it is founded upon the principle I saw that the people were living in comfort and plenty. I saw of dividing between the consumer and the trust the amount that them consuming what was raised upon those neighboring farms. is saved by one organization, one centralization of capital, one I visited the farm on which I had lived when a boy, where we set of clerks in the office. The Standard Oil Company has lived used to confine ourselves to raising grain. What did I find there? for years, and why? Because they adopted this principle and The farmer upon that farm had his berry patch, he had his dairy; furnished cheaper light to the American people. If this cord­ he was selling his cream and his butter in the neighboring city; age company should undertake to raise. the price of twine and he had his garden and garden truck; and let me state incident­ only one company is left out of the trust that one col!:lpany will ally, that the garden-t-ruck products of this country amounted in regulate the price. If the cordage company puts up the price 1890 to $75,000,000. He was raising fowls, he was raising small of binding-twine beyond a fair profit competition will arise, new fruit, he was marketing all those products at the neighboring factol'ies will spring up all over the land, and no farmer, no con­ city; and I found that his income in 1891 more than doubled what sumer, need fear a trust under these circumstances. my father could get out of the same farm in 1859. But Belfast had a cordage company and they heard about this That was the secret. These home industries built up right binding-twine business in this c:mntry. They sent a circular to adjoining the farm, involving little transportation. Why, sir, our trade and told them what? Why, we will sell you binding ex-Governor Seymour, of my own State, who stood high in the twine at 5 cents a pound on shipboard; the duty, the freight, in­ Democratic party in ancient times, when the Damocratic party surance, transporting will cost about H cents more, so that 6t of New York honored its statesmen-ex-Governor Seymour said: cents will be the price fixed. With a duty of seven-tenths of a The chief element in the prosperity of every State and nation is economy cent per pound they can still compete with our people. Belfast or transportation of p arsons and property. It is the marked factor in the journals say that they propose to double their capital and capa~­ di1Terence between civilization and barbarism. ity, and yet this Congress proposes to encourage them to trans­ Save your transportation by bringing the market right to the fer the business from this country to Belfast and Hongkong, consumer, and what an element of wealth you have got in this where they run American machinery with native hands at $5 per country. . mo~h. They propose to throw out of employment 7,000 people But the committee say they must put binding-twine on the free in this country, who are receiving to-day annual wages to the list. Why? My friend from Nebraska says they want to put amount of $2,000,000, an industry that is built up and established somebody on this side of the House on record upon binding­ here, in which millions of dollars are invested, in which this twine. Well, now, that is a. high ambition. I suspected that vast number of workmen are employed, and all of this to pick up was about the object; it is simply fishing for votes; that is all a few farmers' votes, to try to fool the farmer on the question of there is to it. Is anybody suffering because of the duty on bind:­ free binding-twine. ing-twine~ Why, let us ~o back a little. Binding-twine was Mr. CAPEHART. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him first made in this country m 1878 to take the place of wire, pro­ a question? duced at 17 cents a pound; and there was a saving of 40 per cent Mr. PAYNE. Yes, sir. to the farmer. We built up the factories. It came in then under Mr. CAPEHART. The gentleman made a statement, 8B !un­ the general law at a duty of 2i cents a pound upon twine; and derstand it, that the price of binding-twine was in 1891 as low as there was a duty of a cent and a quarter a pound upon manilla, H cents per pound? three-fom"ths of a cent a pound upon sisal grass, and three-fourths Mr. PAYNE. Yes. of a cent a pound on jute. That was an ad valorem duty. Mr. CAPEHART. As amatter of far>t itsoldforfrom 11 to12 We manufactured it all in this country down to the passage of cents a pound to the consumers. the McKinley bill in 1890. The Mills bill put these raw materials Mr. PAYNE. I appreciate thesuggestionand will answer it. on the free list-manilla, jute, sisal grass, and sunn; and the The gentleman is talking of one thing and I am talking of an­ Mills bill put a duty of 25 per cent on binding-twine, which at the other. I am talking of the price of binding-twine at the factory present low pric3 is 2 cents a pound. When we framed this as quoted in the tra-de journals of the United States for the whole T' iniquitous" McKinley bill we put manilla and sunn and sisal season. Some farmers did pay llcents a pound. Why, I have a grass and jute on the free list. When the bill finally became a letterherefromMaj.Pierce,whosoldatChampaign,Ill.,hishemp law the duty upon binding-twine was seven-tenths of a cent a binding-twine as low as 6t cents a pound, and went to Dakota and 2164 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE. M.AROH 17,

saw that same kind of twine selling at 12 and 14 cents. It had. There is another extract from the same paper which I wish to paid tribute to the middleman and the general retail dealer. insert, as to the cotton-tie industry: How does the taking off of seven-tenths of a cent a pound duty In approving a bill to put cotton-ties on the free list the committee has dis­ go to help the farmer in that respect? Where is the relief that l'egarded all rules of logical sequence and interdependence in tariff legisla­ tion by removing the duties from a ma.nu!actured product and at the same it will bring to him? Would it cut off the middleman or the time retaining the heavy duties on the raw material out of which this prod­ grocer? uct is made. Does the committee think that the manu!acturers of hoop iron Will it cut off the man who charges the profit against the for cotton-ties ought to have no protection whatever, while they must use in their industry the pig iron and the iron ore which are protected by heavy farmer, because the farmer only pays for it a year or two years duties? Does the committee think that the makers of cotton-ties can con­ after it is delivered? It will not give any relief to the farmer, tinue to manufacture such ties without any duty against the competition of to the consumer. It can not possibly do so. Why? Because foreign manu!acturers who use free raw material? Possibly the committee does not know what is the present condition of the when you have succeeded in transferring your industry, when cotton-tie industry. The cotton-ties now consumed in this country are made you get it all over there across the water and have to pay the here. Cotton-ties are no longer imported. The quantity imported in the importer his seven-tenths of a cent, which is less than 10 per calendar year 1890 was 33,824,387 pounds. In that year substantially the en­ th·e demand was supplied by imports. In the calendar year 1891 the quantity cent on the finished article; when that is all done you simply imported was only 4.16,550 pounds. transfer-it to the importer, and you cheat these 7,000 employes The demand was supplied by domestic manu!acturers. It does not escape out of their daily bread in an established business. our attention that this will be cited by the devotees of McKinleyism as an admission in their favor. We do not contend that the McKinley tariff is Now, Mr. Chairman, that is the import of this bill. That is wholly and uniformly bad. As to the cotton-tie industry we shall say more the effect oi the bill if it be adopted. Why, of the 50,000 tons of hereafter. The fact to be considered by the Springer committee is that the binding-twine made here 7,000 tons are made of American flax cotton-ties used in this country are at the present time made here. The in­ dustry is an American one. The removal of the duty without any relief to and hemp; hemp raised whera? Not in the East, butinlllinois, the manufacturer, so far as his raw material Is concerned, would put an end in Nebraska, in Dakota, in the Western States. to the domestic production of cotton-ties. The industry now carried on in A MEMBER. And in.Kentucky. this country would be transferred to Europe. · Does the committee think that it can afford to stand,. upon a policy which Mr. PAYNE. Yes, in Kentucky. The better hemp raised in provides clearly for the transfer of an American indus try to England? Will Kentucky. Maj. Pierce says in this letter, which I will print such a policy command the votes of a majority of the American people? with my remarks, that his company is paying $8 a ton for that Mr. COMPTON. My good friend, I observe, is a little off on _ flax straw; 3 tons to the acre would be an average of $.24 an acre. · his voice. I think a sllght interruption will help him, if he will Why, it pays better than grain. But you drive him out of the allow me . • business if you take off the seven-tenths of acent duty. He says Mr. PAYNE. Yes, I am getting a little hoarse. he did not make any money in the last year, but lost money sell­ Mr. COMPTON. When I sought to interrupt my friend a lit· ing at 6i cents a pound. You want to put him in competition tle while ago he seemed to think I had a newspaper clipping-, and with the labor that is only one-half the cost in Belfast· you want he was very much opposed to my reading newspaper clippings. to destroy the industry because of a little demagoguing in the .Will he allow me to suggest that it would be well in connection next election. There is no other possible assignable reason for it. with his extract from the Times to read the letter of David A. Oh, why can not you have a little of the courage of conviction! Wells to Mr. SPRINGER on that subject? We regard him as bet­ Why, when this House was organized, did you send MILLS of ter authori1y than the New York Times. Texas to the rear? Why did you do it? He had the couraga to Mr. PAYNE. You can read that in your own time. The dif­ report his convictions in a bill in the Fiftieth Congress. Why, ference is that the Times article seems to have some sense in it. when you made up your Ways and Means Committee, did you Mr. COMPTON. David A. Wells's letter has none, I suppose? try to get him to take second place, where he had been chair­ Mr. PAYNE. I did not say anything about that. I leave you man, and force him off of the committee? Where are your to say that. BnECKINRIDGES? Where is your BYNUM of Indiana, w:ho had the I have a letter here from the labor bureau of Nebraska, upon courage to come in here and report the Mills bill? You say you this same subject, which I would read if my friend [Mr. BRYAN] have an overwhelming majority. Why not have the courage of was here. I think I will read it anyway. This is ·a letter that your convictions? You did not dare to frame a bill and put it came to them from the Nebraska Binder-Twine Company. 11. beside the McKinley bill, and go into the canvass of 1892. incloses a letter. No, this sporadic peanut policy, taking up a few articles to get STATE OF NEBRASKA, a few votes in a few localities and abandoning the great princi­ BUREAU OF LABOR .AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS, Lincoln, Neb1·., January 6, 1891. ples of the party as enunciated by Grover Cleveland in 1888----0h, DEAR SIR: Below you will find the substance of a letter received at this what a courageous set of people you are. What an iniquitous omce from the Nebraska Binder Twine Company, which will furnish you thing this McKinley bill must be that you have not, with your with some good material to combat Mr. BRYAN's bill for tree binding-twine. I had heretofore supposed that a Congressman from any State was sent to 140 majority, ten able-bodied men who can go into the Commit­ Congress for the purpose of securing legislation that would be of benefit to tee of Ways and Means and report a complete tariff bill for the the State industries of which he was a representative, but it seems that the people of the United States. It is a confession. It is a confes­ Congressmen from Nebraska take a different view of the matter, and their mission is to tear down tor their own political aggrandizement those indus- , sion of judgment on the part of the Democratic party. It is a tries which are of benefit to the very ones whose interests they claim to have confession of incompetency to deal with these great interests. at heart. It is a question of incompetency to deal with these great public [Copy.] questions, and ~ecially the tariff. Oh, have a little courage. "We are much obliged for yom· etrort in our behalf, and will appreciate any aid you may offer us toward retaining the duty on binding-twine. The Come forth from out of your holes and present to the people of Eastern manufacturers have obtained. free raw materials and would now no the United States the Democratic party in all its glory, as you doubt prefer fight.ing their foreign competitors with twine on the free list say-in all its deformity say we over here. Have the courage. to having theW est engage largely in manufacturing twine from home-grown hemp. We have demonstrated that hemp can be grown successfully in the Report a general bill and not a few little bills. Platte Valley and that binder twine made from hemp is better than that But, Mr. Chairman, I am taking a great deal more time than made from any other fiber except :pure manilla, and superior to that in that I expected to when I commenced; and yet I do want to give our hemp is stronge1· after the knot IS tied, and is entirely insect proof, while crickets especially cut manilla and sisal some seasons very badly. friends a little consolation from one of their own newspapers, The company grew and had grown about Fremont, in 1889,270 at:res of hemp; the New York Times, a tariff-reform paper every day of the week, in 1889, 700 acres; both seasons selling the cleaned fiber to Eastern manufac­ which believes in Grover Cleveland and believes in the Mills bill. turers. In 1890 the company got over 2,000 acres at Fremont, North Bend, and Godfreys. What does that paper say about this attempt in the binding­ ··The company has put in a set of the latest improved twine machinery twine business? and made that crop into binder twine selling lower to the farmers of Ne­ braska than they ever bought good twine. In 1891 the company had in again As to the bill which puts binding-twine on the free list, it must be said that ove1;2,000 acres of hemp, from which itis working an exceedingly go0d arti­ such a measure does not deserve so high a place in a list of bills put forward cle of binder twine, which will sell at a reasonable price no matter how high as embodying the tariff policy of a great political party. This was the sec­ other makes of twine may be sold. ond bill prepared and accepted by the majority of the committee. It has been ··One met.hod of handling and machinery for cleaning hemp, which aves regarded by the committee as second in importance only to the bill relating a large part of the expense by the old methods, was orlginated by our gen­ to wool and woolen goods. And yet the removal of the insignificant duty on eral manager, and insures ability to supply the best quality of hemp twine binding-twine could be of no service to the ·western farmers whom the ma­ at a price much lower than would be possible except by the old hand meth­ jority members are suppo ed to have in mind. That duty is only seven­ ods of handling and cleaning. The com:pany makes 3,500 to 4,000 pounds of tenths of a cent a pound. The removal of it would not perceptibly reduce twine per day, and employ steadily, rUillllilg all of its machinery, sixty hands, the price of binding-twine. and when pulling crop about as many more. As we have said before. sub ta.ntially all that could be done for consumers ·• NEBRASKA BINDER TwiNE COMPANY, of binding-twine by changes in the tariff was done by the McKinley act. ." M . .TEROME, General Manager." That act removed the duties on the raw materials out of which the farmers' This letter was sent to Rev. Luther P. Ludden, deputy commissioner. binding-twine is made-manila, sisal, sunn, and certain other vegetable Very truly, your , fibers-and at the same time ~o cut down the duty on the twine itself that this H. F. DOWNS, Cldef Clerk. product is practically on the free list now. Those who think they can fool Hon. CHARLES F. MANDERSON, the farmers now by cutting off the merely nominal duty of seven-tenths of a United States Senato1·, Washington, JJ. C. cent per pound-the weight of which may be shown by the fact that the price of such twine now ranges from 9 to 13 cents a p6und- are building upon Now, Mr. Chairman, I have occupied much more time than I the assumption that the farmers can not understand some ·of the simplest expected in the discussion of this subject, and yet I want to say a provisions of the present tariff law. It was folly to waste time in the con­ sideration of such a measure to the exclusion of the consideration of other few words more. suggested bills of real importance. The Republican party believe in protection to American in- 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2165

dustries. They do not care who knows it or in what State it is [From Bulletin of National Association of Wool Manufacturers and also published. They believe the same thing from one end of the from Boston Commercial Bulletin.] country to the other. They put it into their platforms; they Fluctuations in prices of .American wools from January 4, 1890, to February write it into the law when they have the power to do so. They 6, 1892. believe in it from principle. They believe it brings the great­ Jan. 4, 1890, Feb. 6, 1892, Fall or est good to the greatest number; to the farmer, to the mechanic, per po_und. per pound. rise. to the laboring man. They believe it does not foster or encour­ age trusts, but on the cqntrary that it opens up the door of com­ Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: Oents.. Oents. Per cent. petition between the people so widely that no trust can exist, if XXX, and pick-lock------37! 32 to 34 9 XX ______------34 to 35 29 to 30 14 the trust contemplates putting up the price of an article beyond X .... ------·------32to33 28 to 29 12 what it ought fairly to be. No. 1 ...... ___ ... ______.... __ 38 to 39 35 to 36 8 This is the position of the Republican party. We believe what No.2 ______------34 33 to 34 1 Fine unwashed ... ______21 to 23 20 to 21 8~ the Democratic party once believed, that the best way to raiEe a Unmerchantable ...... ______25 to 26 23 to 24 7f revenue is to raise it by a tariff. Ohio: Combing, No. 1&and! blood ...... 41 to 42 38 9! They say, "Put it on the necessities of life which we can not Combing, No. 2i blood ______, ___ _ Delaine ______37 to 38 35 8 raise in this country, such as sugar, tea, coffee, the same as it is 36 to 37 33! to 34! 7 done under the English system." We say" No; raise your rev­ Michigan, New York, and New England: enue by putting it on the industries that can ba successfully fol­ X and above------___ _ 29 to 31 26 to 27 13 No.2No.1------______35 to 37! 34 to35 6! lowed in this country, and put it up sufficiently to make up the 33. 32 to 33 1! difference in the wage cost, so you will pay your revenue and at Fine unwashed .. ______.. ______21 to 23 19 t.o 20 13 Unmerchantable------23to24 21 to 22 8 the same time you build up the country." That is what theRe­ Michigan: publican party believes. That is what we contend for. Combing, No. 11 and! blood ...... 39 to 40 36 10 The gentleman from Nebraskain closing hisspeech yesterday Combing,Delaine ______No. 2i blood .... ------_ 34 to 35 34 3 34to35 32 t.o 39~ 7 said: "Democracy is king; long live Democracy!" In antithesis Kentucky, Indiana, and Missouri: to that, remembering the immortal words of Lincoln at Gettys­ Combing, i blood ______29to30 27 to 28 purg, remembering the traditions of the Republican party, writ­ 27to28 26 to 27! ten out in every line of every law that they have ever enacted, ~:~~~: t~~rcr.~~ ~~~======24 23 Clothing, li blood------­ 29 to 30 27 to 28 the Republican party say, "The people are the kings; long live Clothing, t blood------27to28 25 to 26 the people!" [Loud applause on the Republican side.] Clothing, coarse ______20 to 23 23 Texas (scoured basis) : Spring, fine, 12 months ______58 to 60 60 Spring,ftne, 6 to 8 months------53 to 55 55 to 57 *li3, APPENDIX. Spring, medium, 12 months ______55 to 57 53 7 Spring, medium, 6 to 8 months. ______Prices fm· I. 0. coke tin plate in New York, 1891, per box. 50 to 52 51 to 53 *2 Fall, ftne ______------____ . . ______48to50 50 to 53 *6 · January------$5.40 I May ______$5.20 I September ______:B3.45 Fall, medium ______: ______45 to 47 45 t.o 48 •'1 · February------5. 45 June------5. 35 October______5. 35 California (scom·ed basis): March------5.35 July ______5.35 November . . . : ..... 5.3J Spring, Northern, free, 12 months ____ _ 58to60 58 to 60 0 · April ______...... 5. 25 August --·---- ____ 5. 35 December______5. 30 Spring, Northern, free, 6 to 8 months._ 53 to 55 55 to 57 *4 Southern, 12 months ______55 to 58 56 to 58 *1 Southern,6 to 8 months ______FaJ.l, free ______53 to 55 50 to 53 4 Prices of same in Liverpool same year as published i:n Ryland's Trade Oircular. 48 to 50 45 to 50 3 Fall, defective------______33 t.o40 35 to 40 *3 January3 ...... $4.141 May23 ______$3.711 September4 ______$3.22 Oi·egon (scoured basis) : February7 ------4.32 June6 ...... 3.71 October a______3.22 Eastern, No.1 ...... ~------57 to 58 58 to 60 *2.\- March7 ______4.32 July4 ______3.71 November7 ...... 3.22 Eastern, No. 2------­ 54 to 56 55 0 · April.4 ------4.32 August 1...... 3.22 December 5 ______3. 22 Valley, No.1------58 to 60 55 to 56 6 .~ Valley, No.2 ______.. ___ _ 54 to 56 50 10 MontanaFine. ______(scom·ed basis______)______: _ Highest price of charcoal I. 0. tin plate repm·ted by Ryland's Iron Trade Circu - 60 to 62 60 to 62 0 Fine medium ...... ~---- ______lar, January 16, 1892, at Birmingham. • Medium . . ______58 to 60 57 to 58 3 55 to 56 53 5! 1877 ______$5.36 11882 ...... ~ ----- $5.23 11887------$4. 01 Wyoming and Utah (scoured basis) : 1878 .. ------4. 87 1883 ______---- 5. 11 1888 ------4. 01 Fine ______------57 t.o 60 58 to 60 1879 ...... : ...... 6.29 1884 ______5.11 1889------4. 38 Fine medium .. ______56 to 57 55 to 57 ·~ . 1880.------8. 28 1885 .. ------4. 50 1890 ------=------4. 20 Medium ______------53 to 55 50 to 52 ol 1881..------5. 23 1886 .... ------3. 83 1891 ------3. 04 Colorado and New Mexico: Improved ______: ... 18 to 24 18 25 Coarse a.nd carpet ______14 to 16 15 to 16 *3 [Fl•om London Economist of January 4, 1890, and same journal Febntaru 6 Georgia and Southern------­ 27 to 28 27 to 28 0 1892.] J , PulledExtra wools ______(scoured basis): ______A Super ______58 to 62 60 to 62 "'l i't Fall info1·eign wool prices from January 4, 1890, to February 6, 1892. 53 to 57 50 to 55 4 B Super. ______.. ------______40 to 45 43 to 46 '~ 3} Combing ______------______4, 40to43 40 to 43 0 Jan. Feb. 6, 52 to 58 50 to 53 9 1890, per 1892, per Fall. FineWestern, combing------extra. ______pound. pound. 55 to 58 53 to 55 5 40 to 50 40 IO 45 6 ~~~~~ ~~~~-======~===== 20 t.o 30 20 to 25 8 ENGLISH WOOLS. Oents. Cents. Pact. An average fall on all the domestic grades of 4i per cent. *Advance. . Fleeces Southdown hoggs ...... ·------22to26 22 to 26 2'2 to 24 20 t-o 21 12} Statement sh01.CJing tiLe price per pound of binders-twine in Ohicaqo market by . ~~J=g~~~ ~~U~i-8·=== ~·.-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_:::=::======22 to 24 20 16'' months, dw'ing the years 1890 and 1891, in less than ca1·load lots. 22 t.o 24 19 t.o 20 t4 : ~~~:h~~~~sewes-aiiliwetiiers::==::::~======22 to 27 21 to 26 a! [Chicago Journal of Commerce.] Leicester ewes and wethers------21 to 23 18 to 19 17 COLONIAl. WOOLS. Months. j 1soo. 189t. Months. j1soo. 1891. Victoria: Fleece super ______.... ______Scoured average ______61 to 73 3&! to 53 27 32. to 34 30 to 31 9 Ots. Cts. Ots. · Greasy average to fair ...... 26 to 30 20 to24 20 January------13! 13! July______13! New South Wales: February------____ 13! 9! to 13! August.. ____ ... ------13! Scoured average------40 to 41 28 to 30 27 March------13! September______13! Greasy average .. ______. ______.... 21 to 22 14 to 16 April. ______13! 9 to October ______------·13! 'Z7 May______13! ~~ South Australia: Greasy average------­ 18 to 19 12 to 13 31~ 7lto 9 November------13! New Zealand: June------··. .... 13! 7~ DeCt'Jllbel'...... 13! Scoured average .. ______.. ______42 to 44 30 to 31 Greasy average------­ 21 to 22 15 to 16 Cape: Quoted as " Twine Americans Hemp" since February 26, 1891. The quota­ Scoured super ______------______45 to 47 32 to 34 tion of this twine by the carload up to February, 1891, was one-half cent per 23 to 24 16 to 17 pound less than smaller lots. Since that time carload lots have not been ~~~~~a;;;raf:e·::: ====:: ======:: 16 to 18 11 to 12 quoted. Natal: 34 to 35! 27 to28 20 THE BELFAST ROPEWORK COMPANY. LIMITED. ~~;da*~;~~~e-~== ~~~======:=:::=: ::=::: =:::. 17 to 18 13 to 14 23 Crossbreds: Belfast, I1·eland, January 8,1892. Greasy Victoria, good to super ______28 to 30 26 to 28 6i DEAR Sm: Having been compelled to refuse numerous large orders fo:t New Zealand fine------26 to 28 24 to 25 ll binders-twine from United States buyers for this year's delivery, we find it New Zealand medium ____ ..... ____ ...... ___ _ 22to24 19 to20 12} necessary to take into serious consideration the question of erecting a mill New Zealand coarse ______------19 to 20 17 to 18 10 in order to supply such requirements in the future. These orders we are obliged to refuse, since their execution would have distm·bed our ordinary business. which is a miscellaneous one, and would An average fall on all these foreign wools of 19 per cent. have compelled us to disappoint many of our old and valued customers. 2166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MAnoR 171

We are, however, desirous of obtaining small orders for this season's deliv­ The encouragement and development of this industry is the only practica­ ery, so that you will have an opportunity of jud~ing of the quality of our ble solution of the binding-twine problem. Take the twine made by our fac­ manufac.ture, and of ascertaining the cost at which our goods can be laid tory at Champaign, ill., .from pure American hemp, and over 85 per cent of its down in your warehouse. entire cost goes directly to the farmers and to the mill employ~s. who spend Our to-day's prices read as under: a large share of their wages for farm products. Furthermore hemp fiber will Manilla binder-twine (about 650 feet to the pound), 5 cents per pound; make stronger and bette1· cordage of all kinds, from a cable to merchant Sisal binder-twine (about 550 feet to the pound), 4 cents per pound; twine, than any of the hard imported fibers, and improved processes of man­ free on board Liverpool. P ayment by ninety days' sight draft net or less 2! ufacture will eventually make it the equal in appearance. Kentucky hemp per cent discount for cash against documents. lands produce 1,000 pounds of fiber to the acre. Kentucky hemp is worth These prices are subject to alteration without advice, consequent upon the from 3i95 to $125 per ton. The increased production of hemp in the United fluctuations of the market. States, resulting from favorable legislation,!. would in a few years make The freight from Liverpool toNew York is, roughly, 25c. per ton. Marine this country independent of foreign fibers anu at prices varying according insurance about three-fourths per 100 pounds. to quality from 3! cents to 5 cents per pound, at the same time a!tording to Import duty to United States we understand is seven-tenths of a cent per American farmers another crop more valuable in the market than either pound. wheat or corn. One of our representatives will have the pleasure of waiting upon you If the contemplated action is to strike at the National Cordage Company it shortly, and in the mean time any suggestions which you may have to olier should be known that there are more spindles outside of that institution than will be much al>preciated by us. in it. The action involves all cordage, and one of the most ancient and hon­ Yours respectfully, for the company, ored of American industries. Binder-twine is but a slight advance beyond W. J. MARTIN, Secretary. rope yarn, and as binder-twine the latter would come in, needing only the last stage of manufacture in rope production. The National Cordage Company would be the last to feel the blow. The [Extract from the Belfast Northern Whig.] first mills that would go down are the independent concerns, which, in so far The Northern Whig, a newspaper published in Belfast, Ireland, contained as competition goes, have brought prices down. in its issue of February 1 a notice of the Belfast Ropework Company, which The hard fiber manufacturers have tried hard to kill out the hem~ people, is referred to as one of the most interesting and important. industries in the and have even gone so tar as to throw on the market large quantities of in­ north of Ireland. The Whig states that in consequence of the great de­ ferior jute twine, branding it as hemp twine, so as to discredit the latter. But mands now ma.de upon the company for orders to the United States further hemp twine has won the fight, and now stands approved and recommended extensions are in contemplation, "and the directors have at the moment be­ by alliances, associations, and farmers everywhere. fore them estimates for the erection of a mill for the special purpose of sup­ Very truly, yours, plying bind.ing-twine suitable to the United States requirements, the recent CHAS. E. PEARCE. reduction of import duty upon same into the United States having now en­ Hon. S. E. PAYNE. abled British manufacturers to compete successfully with the United States makers." [From the Omaha Bee, February 24, 1892.] PHILADELPHIA, P .A.., February 25, 1892. HEMP GROWING AND BINDER-TWINE. DEAR Sm: Yours of the 20th instant came duly to hand. In answer to The Fremont binder-twine factory has introduced a new and important in­ question No. 1, we beg to say that the number of people employed in the fac­ dustry into our State, and has made hemp growing profitable to Nebraska tories of the United States, that manufacture rope and twine is estimated farmers. It claims, furthermore, to have been the instrumentality by which to be about 7,000, one-hall oi whom we should judge to be men, whose wages the price of binding-twine to Nebraska farmers has been reduced fully 2 cents average $10 to $12, all other hands $6 to $8per week. per pound. Not only so, but it has steadfastly adhered to the policy of using 2. Price !or twine for the season of 1892 can not, at this early date, be safely only Nebraska grown hemp, thereby assuring the growers of hemp a home estimated. We have sold a large portion of our product cheaper than it was market. The Fremont Btnder Twine Company as a home institution de­ ever sold in the United States; other outside mills have done the same. For serves encouragement. reason of failure of jute crop prices have since advanced. It is further announced that the experiment at Fremont has been sufilciently We would think that the average price obtained by the manufacturer profitable to warrant the establishment of additional factories in this State. would be slightly higher than last year, when we-ha.d 20,000tons carried over Kearney, Bancroft, and other.cities are negotiating for such industries. from 1890, which the large crop of 1891 consumed. Within a few years the manufacture of binding-twine will become an import­ 3. Binding-twine is manufactured in England, France, Germany, Canada, ant element in our commercial prosperity unless Congress shall remove the some in the Philippine Islands, and also in Italy. duty upon hemp twine and so crush out the factories. It is largely used in every civilized country on the globe. Congressman BRYAN, having resided in the State but a short period, could Yours, truly, not be expected to know of all its industries. In the interest, perhaps, of his EDWIN H. FITLER & CO. illinois friends, he has introduced a bill for free binder-twine. The people of Mr. S. G. BROCK, this State, however, are calling his attention to the fact that such a meas­ Chief of Bureau, Washington, IJ. a. ure, if passed, will kill the hemp-producing and binder-twine industries here. If he wishes to represent his constituents' wishes he will withdraw his at­ tempts to strike down these new and important enterprises. The Nebraska (Charles E. Pearce, attorney an counsellor at law, 310 Olive street, St. company has refused to enter the cordage trust. It is a home institution. Louis, Mo.) It deserves to succeed. It will succeed if Congress keeps its hands off. ST. LOUIS, February 21, 1892. MY DEAR Sm: Your favor of the 19th is to hand this morning. I inclose you a copy of letter to Senator HiscocK, of September 1, 1890. It was read (Chelsea Jute Mills, manufacturers of jute products, 319 Broadway.) to the Senate and printed in the RECORD of that week. The statements NEW YORK, FebruaMJ 26, 1892. therein are correct, except they are to be modified as noted in red ink. 1. The total output of hemp binder-twine, made for the season of 1891, was MY DEAR MR. PAYNE: Please find herewith copy of my letter, September 4, 6,000 tons, as nearly as I can ascertain. It would have been twice as great if 1890, to Sena tors DAVIS and WASHBURN. The conditions of the manufacturing producers and manufacturers could have felt confidence in the tariff. They of jute twine vary, of course, from year to year; at present the price of raw jute can not atrord to proceed on any unreliable predicate. (owing to crop failure) is higher than it has been in fifteen or twenty years 2. Free binder-twine will absolutely destroy the manufacture of twine from or longer, and price of siSal comparatively low, so that no one could atrord to hemp. Twine sold last year away below cost as the result of competition. make any jute binding-twine to-day unless they were so fortunate as to have We sold the greater part of our twine at 6t to 6i cents, f. o. b. Champaign. bought their jute last summer. Jute binding-twine is therefore driven from We lost money. Everybody lost money, and a number of mills quit. The the market at present, except that which was held over from last season. I hard fiber manufacturers (sisal, etc.) came out better because sisal fiber do not believe there will be enough jute twine used this year to harvest 1 per ran very low in the New York market. But everybody lost money. The cent of the crop, and very little, if any, will be made from new jute. retailers made money. I was in Northern Nebraska and Dakota in August, You will therefore see that it is hardly a factor in the market. Whatever 1891J and saw twines in stores selling for 12 to 14 cents, which I know were may be the animus of the committee toward manilla and sisal twines, we sola by manufacturers at less than 7! and 8 cents. think it certainly should be friendly to jute, because t-he reasons which are 3. It is not unlikely that binder-twine will be from 1! to 2 cents higher claimed for making hard fiber twines free do not apply to jute. Jute manu­ than last year. The imported raw material, although on the free list,is much facturers are not a. part of the cordage combination, nor were they a part of higher; sisal is 5t to 5t cents in New York and at that price sisal twine can the jute trust, so called, which embraced manufacturers of cottoz:.-bagging, not be made and sold under 8 cents without lo s to manufacturer. Count­ who used only jute butts (which is the stubble of the jute plant). ing in waste in manufacture, insurance, handling, manufacturing. and sel­ Primarially. jute binding-twine should not be placed on the free list, be­ ling at 2f, which is the lowest figure that will cover the above, and you perceive cause if unsized it is almost identica.lly the same as roving (with the excep­ that twine will stand the manufacturer in at least cents. Then he has to tion of the twist), from which all jute products a.re made. Therefore, such 7i a bill would injure the whole jute industry, if it did not entirely ruin it. As carry his stock of material and product down to July at an expense of atleast you know, we make carpets, bags, burlap, carpet yarns, etc. 'l'hese are the t cent for interest, warehousing, and insurance, bringing total up to 8 cents. great staples of the jute business, and jute binding-twine an extremely small The manufacturer~ therefore go to the scra.ppile ifheundertakes to sell twine below 8! cents. The material market is subJect to annual and specula­ part. We can not believe it will be the intention of the committee to frame tive variation the same as any crop. All imported fibers are much higher a bill putting jute binding-twine on the free list, injuring the whole industry. than last year. You of course know the temper of the men framing the bill much better Jute butts advanced from September, 1891, to February, 1892, from 2fto 3! than I do. Kindly send me a copy of the bill as soon as printed, and oblige, cents in New York. The jute production of East India fell oli over 1,000.- Yours, very truly, 000 bales. From 3,750,000 bales in 1890 it fell to less than 2,700,000 bales in FRANK L. BABBOTT. 1891, and even paper stock jute butts that are usually sold from lito 1i cents Hon. SERENO E. PAYNE, are now selling for 2 cents and over. The hard fiber crops abroad are in House oj' Representatives, Washington, IJ. a. same fix, although the shortage is not so great. But the high market on jute Mr. RAYNER. Mr. Chairman, I simply arise submit a few makes an unusual demand for other fibers, and the consequence is that all to foreign fibers are very high in price. general remarks upon the tariff bills that are now before us. It It is not true that manufacturers have ever made large profits on twine. In is my purpose to say that we ought not to be in the slightest 1890, when sisal twinewasquotedat12cents a pound, raw sisal was 10 cents in New York, and outstanding contracts for high-priced fiber occasioned a degree restrained by any apprehension that we are wasting time heavy loss to manufacturers even at that price. in an attempt to reduce the tariff, and that the bills that the com­ As an economic proposition, the way to make cheaper twine is to develop mittee has framed will be defeated in the Senate even if passed the growth of American hemp. It makes a better twine and is approved by be all who use it. Our experience of four years enables us to give reliable data. by the House. I do not believe that this will the case ii the In Illinois it is a more profitable crop than corn or other grains, paying $20 changes are properly formulated; but, even if it were so, I would per acre, with less expense of production. say let us proceed in the performance of our duty, and again an­ There was from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of hemp grown in illinois in 1891. We nounce to the people the unshaken and steadfast devotion of the pay farmers $8 per ton of 2,000 pounds for hemp straw. Fair lands will pro­ duce from 2! to 3! tons of straw to acre, and that amount is bein~ realized as party to the cause of tariff reform. The day has arrived when a fact. Good hemp iand will produce from 700 to 900 pounds of tiber to acre. thousands of our countrymen who have been confused, deceived, It costs about one-fourth of a cent to decorticate the straw. We advertise to and intimidated have become instructed and enlightened upon pay the price of $8 per ton for good average hemp; and farmers who are 1·aising it say that it pays them more money than grains. this issue, and have no longer any fear as to the result of a policy / I 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2167 which we as a party are pledged to promote and advance when­ yoke that monopoly has fastened around the consumers of this ever we are invested with the power that will enable us t-o do so. country. [Applause on the Democratic side.] That we will soon possess this power I have no doubt, and until Now, what can be done about it? I could easily determine this we do obtain it it becomes our duty to take our place upon the in my own mind if we had the power to pass a bill in the ·House field, and with the weapons of reason and of truth to advance and Senate that would give the people relief. I would never upon the foe, dependent-not upon the mercenaries that we can trifle piecemeal with the tariff. I would take it up all along the hire or the recruits that we can draft, but upon the integrity of line, and I would give the p eople every article of necessity and our purpose and upon the volunteers whom patriotism will direct of consumption upon the schedules with as low a duty as it was into our ranks. possible to place upon them consistently with the requirements Of course monopoly is against us, and from the moment that of Government honestly administered. But we are not in power, an attack is made upon it we may expect to see from its citadel and the committee has seen proper to select single items of ab­ its poisoned shafts flying thick and fast. Money, the tremen­ solute necessity and importance to tbe consumer, and to send dous power of centralized wealth, is against us~ Interest after them into the Senate with reduced duties, and upon this plan so interest, who for a quarter of a century have been levying their formulated my belief is that there is a prospect and a possibility toll at the ports of entry of this Republic, resolved lio perpetuate • at least of partial relief, ~nd that Senators will not oppose the· their partnership with the Government, a partnership that long r equirements of their own localities and constituencies demand­ since should have been dissolved by every constitutional limita­ ing lower duties upon the particular articles in which they are tion, are combined against us; but with us, greater than the interested, and that thus, step by step, by breaking the links that whole opposing combination, stand the people, the unpurchas­ compose it, we may break the chain that is enslaving the com­ able people, revolting against a continuance of the present sys­ merce and oppressing the homes of our countrymen. tem in every locality where the ballot is undefiled and where a Lower the duties upon the implements of husbandry and the freeman's suffrage is not for sale. utensils of the farm, and let us see what position the represent­ Now, I desire to state with all candor that I believe that the atives from the great agricultural States of the West wiU as­ representatives of the Republican party in this House are par­ sume upon this question. Take off the infamous duty upon tin fectly sincere in their conviction that a protective tariff is for plate, and let us see whether the people who consume the canned the best interests of the country and of the various constituencies food !products of the East have any influence with the public whom they represent, and in anything that I may say upon this servants whom they have chosen to represent them. Take the subject I do not desire to be considered for one moment as assail­ duty off of that grade of South American wool that would vastly ing the motives of any member of the opposition. I want it, how­ cheapen the product of the New England mills, and let us see ever, clearly and mutually understood that we are equally sincere whether Senators who will not listen to the voice of the people in our determination to resist, by every lawiul means within our will not at least make some concession to the manufacturing power, the continuance of this system; that we stand here united, interests through whose influence they retain their places in the without a single isolated exception, resolved that this shall again Senate. be made the paramount issue between the parties; that upon But it is said that we must not reopen this question, that it this great :field of controversy we are again willing to meet you will unsettle the business interests of the country. Let me t 3ll in fair and open combat, and that if the same weapons are em­ you that they will continue to remain unsettled until the affairs ployed and the same arts of warfare resorted to as have b 3en of the people are settled. Whenever we pass such legislation as hitherto used for the purpose of defeating us that no flag of truce will meet with the approval of the people, then the business in­ shall go up and no compromise shall be offered, but that un­ terests of the country are safe; but so long as we permit a favored daunted and undismayed we will again and again throw down the class of business interests to oppress and plunder the people, so challenge of discussion until the day will eventually come when long will they revolt until monopoly is driven from its throne. the commerce of this great country shall unclasp the fetters that You talk to me about business interests. Why this mistaken enslave it, when the ranks of labor will no longer be cajoled and policy has done more to depress the business interests of the led astray by catchwords and by symbols, and when the people country than every other cause combined. It has closed upon us shall be liberated and disenthralled. the highways of the ocea.n, sothatwhenanAmerican shipenters You gentlemen who lashed the McKinley bill through this a foreign port the pirate's ensign proclaims that we will give no House have implored your constituents not to visit upon it a quarter and show no mercy to the trading nations of the earth. · hasty judgment, but to await with patience the beneficent re­ It has destroyed American shipbuilding by levying an enor­ sults that you claimed would attend its operation. With the mous tribute upon Mediterranean ores and until lately by taxing business and agricultural interests of the country suffering and everything that enters in to the construction of a ship, as has boon depressed, with wages going down instead of going up, with a well said, from the wire in her stays to the brass in her taffrail log, dissipated surplus and a plundered Treasury, the patience of the so that it is impossible for us to compete on the ocean with the people has become exhausted., and the time has arrived for tho vessels that are built upon the banks of the Mersey and the Thames striking of a balance and the statement of an account~ You say and the Clyde and so that our merchant marine, once the recog­ that high tariff lowers prices and raises wages. Now, select the niz~d monarch of the sea, is now with all the artificial stimulus items of this bill and give us the low prices and the high wages that subsidies can give it, the merest toy that plays upon the • that this high tariff has made. waters. (Applause.] As I understand the situation you passed this bill in the con­ Looking at the arrogant insolence of these monopolists, with fident expectation that the country would ratify its enactment, their unbending grip upon every product that God and nature but our presence in this Hall attests the fact that your princi­ gave to man, one would suppose that Providence bad decreed pals have repudiated your unauthorized contract, and we are now that this vast empire from sea to sea should belong to them, and here, not as the agents of the syndicates and interests that pro­ that by virtue of their eminent domain they should have the cured its nassage, but as the accredited representatives of the royal right to lock us out from intercourse. with mankind. They people who arose to the confines of this Republic and recalled tell us that our flag shall not cross the sea, ana proclaim with from this House the majority who forced this legislation upon the blazing letters that America shall not trade with the nations of country. The actors are gone, but the act still lives upon the the world, so that monopoly might thrive at home. They have statute book. It has been s_aid that this great revolution in pub­ shut us out from the North and from the South, so that the lic sentiment can not be attributed to any such a cause a.a this. It Western prairie man to-day can not buy a plank of Canadian has been charged that the case was not properly presented; that lumber except with the permission of a syndicate that has mo­ the evidence had not been submitted, and that the verdict was nopolized millions of acres of the lumber regions of the West, and premature. not a pound of South American wool can cross our shores except Mr. Speaker, history has admonished us over and over again at the price that a wool-growers' combination in commanding that the people have had a habit fora long time in free countries terms dictates to an American Congress. Who ha.S been bene­ of rendering just such precipitate verdicts as this. They real­ fited by all this labor? I deny it. ized that they were not consulted in this business, they were The gentleman from Maine the other day dwelt,upon the fav­ ignored; they were willing to compromise upon easy terms; their orable effect that our high protective tariff had upon the wages overtures were rejected and tl}.ey rebelled, and the echoes of their of the mechanic and the laborer in the protected industries of rebellious protest are ringing through this Hall summoning us the country. Upon examination! find no such beneficial results; to action. It was charged in the Fiftieth Congress, while the but1 on the contrary, I am reliably informed that at various and Mills bill was in preparation, that the Democratic committee re­ numerous places since the passage of the McKinley bill the effect fused to give a hearing to the monopolists who were interested of this legislation has been to reduce instead of raisfng the stand­ in the continuance of high duties. Now, I charge that the peo­ ard of wages. ple never framed aline of the McKinley bill; thatineverychange I am informed, for instance, that in the pottery works of Tren­ upon the schedules it manifests the most supreme contempt of ton wages have been cut down 22 per cent. At the Otis Iron and indifference to their rights, and instead of affording the and Steel Works, at Cleveland, wages have been reduced 30 per slightest relief from exacting burdens it aggravates the galling cent. At the iron works at Allentown there has been a reduc- 2168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MABOH 17,

tion of 10 per cent. Among the steel-workers at Chattanooga have been robb3d of their rightful profits by being artificially there has been a reduction of 10 per cent. At the Steelton, Beth­ confined to the restricted territory of a home market, when lehem, and Pottstown iron works there has been a similar reduc­ there is no reason on the earth why they should not have the tion. Among the ribbon-weavers of Paterson wages have· been markets of every country for the distribution of their products. cut down 15 per cent. /Among the spinners of Lnwell wages have Just think of it! · Our exports of textiles amount to absolutely "been largely reduced, and among the Providence weavers along nothing, while Great Britain, with fre3 raw materials, is ex­ strike was the only thing that prevented a large reduction in porting hundreds of millions of woolen goods per annum and ex­ their income. porting them almost within rea

as to the correctness of methods to be employed to accomplish be transferred to the people, by whose verdict the friends of this that result, but there oughtto be no difference of opinion among bill are willing to abide in the coming national election. them as to the merits of this bill. The slighest consideration In no schedule of the pre::;ent tariff law are the absurdities, in­ of its provisions will not only show that it is in advance of any­ equalities, and inconsistencies of protection more conspicuously thing the most ardent tariff reformer has yet proposed, but that illustrated than in the woolen schedule, which protectionists its importance was not overestimated by a leading tariff reform correctly define to be the keystone of the whole system. The journal, which has pronounced it the best tariff measure pre­ log-rolling which everywhere characterizes the McKinley law, sented during the century. It seeks to inaugurate no new or and without which it never could hav0 been agreed upon even untried policy; it proposes no experiment of doubtful propriety; in the house of itSfriends, is co1ispicuous in every paragraph of but fully justified by precedents here and elsewhere, it proposes the woolen schedule. a forward movement against the most strongly fortified position It was evidently approved by its supporters and defenders after of protection. every manufacturing interest affeckd by it had expressed satis­ If there are those whose burning zeal has led them to express faction with the advantages it secured under its provisions, and the fear that a. halt in the movement for tariff reform had been finally to give the transaction the air of disinterested patriotism ordered, or that some faithless disciple was about to betray the the farmer and the wage-earner were invited to join the combi­ cause into the hands of its enemies, a study of this bill ought nation. The farmer was told he would ba made wealthy and not only to convince them that their fears were groundless, but wise by the dividends the scheme would pay him on his wool and to reassure them that there has not in fact been even a " pause " by the increase it guaranteed in the number and value of his in the crusade for tariff reform. flocks. The wage-earner was baguiled with the assurance that It is natural, however, that those who attach more importance the enormous duties provided for in the bill were chiefly for his to mera theory than to valuable results, should regard with benefit. He was induced to believe his wages were to be in­ alarm and distrust e.very proposition to adopt any method of creased, that he was to have more regular employment, that the procedure not in exact accord with their settled views, however evils attendant upon low wages and irregular employment would well calculated such a policy may be to advance the cause of pro­ not be reckoned among his future misfortune"s. gressive tariff reform. But to parley over the merits of mere But the pledges given to the farmer and to the laboring man theories is an idle waste of time; results and not theories alone have not been r ddeemed under the operations of the present law. interest those who have patiently borne the burdens of a system, The price of wool has not increased, but declined; increased du­ which they have learned from experience is so costly and op­ ties have failed to advance wages or to give more regular em­ pressive that it ought not longer to be endured in silence. Every ployment to those who work in the woolen factories, and the proposition, therefore, that has for its purpose the destruction slightest attention to a few simple facts and figures, as we shall either. in whole or in part of a system which imposes unjust and presently see, will convince the most credulous farmer and the unequal burdens, promotes monopoly, creates trusts, restricts most confiding wage-earner that they have no interest in the trade and concentrates wealth is entitled to and will receive my beneficent scheme of protection. support, no matter in what form it comes nor by whom presented. The farmer will not in fact get the promised dividends on The changes and reductions proposed by this bill in the rates his wool, and if he did he would soon see that they would ba of duty on wool and woolen goods as they exist in the woolen but a.n insignificant per cent of the sums which protection au­ schedule of the present tariff are both material and radical, and thorizes the manufacturer to annually assess against him when if it becomes a law the result would not only be the saving of he comes to supply himself and family with the woolen goods millions of dollars annually to the consumers of woolen goods, their necessities compel him · to buy. He will learn, if he does but to improve the conditions of labor and revive our languish­ not already know, that protection neither multiplies his flocks ing trade and commerce. nor increases their market value. The wage-earner, whose ex­ But these are not the only benefits to result from the passage perience teaches him that his employer divides no part of the of this bill, assailing as it does the fundamental principle of pro­ bonus he derives from protection with him, will also discover • tection, its passage would be a signal victory for the cause of that his wages can not be increased by mere legislative enact­ tariff reform. ment or his condition improved under the operation of a pr.otect­ The stronghold of protection once destroyed, the-dismembered ive tariff, and that his only hope of escape from the evils which parts of the system could not sur\ive. Appreciating this, tihe low wages and partial employment inflict upon him is in the re­ Home Market Bulletin, a protectionist organ, warns its friends peal of protective laws and "that the Government shall cease its -. everywhere against the results which would follow. the passage pernicious interference with the natural course of things. of this bill when it says: No precedent will be found where protection ever inceeased Protectionists must stand together or fall separat~ ly. If we have free wages, gave more regular employment or bettered the condition wool there is no logical argument against free woolens. Wool protection is of those who labor in protected industries; on the contrary, the the keystone of the protective arch. abatement of duties on raw and crude materials and the removal From this statement it will be readily perceived with what of the restraints of trade have in every instance added to the la­ apprehensions the defenders of protection view the effects which borer's prosperity. The present tariff law not only ignores the the passage of this bill would have on the entire system. The rights of consumers and the doctrine that there is ~ constitutional measure not only attacks protection at its most vital point, but it limit to the power of taxation, but broadly asserts that the pri­ distinctly recognizes a principle which that system necessarily mary objects of tariff legislation is to furnish protection, and that ignores, namely, that taxation to be just must be equal. the correct method of reducing a surplus revenue is to increase All previous efforts to revise the tariff with a view to raising taxation. revenue only by a general bill dealing at once with the whole "We have not been so much concerned," said the committee subject have been defeated by the supporters of protection, who which reported the McKinley bill, ''about the prices of the ar­ have not relied so much on the correctness of the principle of ticles we consume as we have been to encourage a system of protection itself as on misrepresentation and unfair argument, by home protection." In view of this candid admission of the au thor means of which they have succeeded in so confusing the real is­ of the present law it is no longer a matter of surprise that the sue as to deceive the people, thereby postponing the final settle­ woolen schedule is so obnoxious to the people, or that it so com­ ment of a question upon which, in the very nature of things, the pletely ignores the rights of those who consume woolen goods. general prosperity of the country in a large degree depends. Nor is it a matt-er of surprise in view of this declaration that un­ The opportunities heretofore offered the advocates of protec­ der the operations of the McKinley law the heavier burdens of tion to evade the issue by methods of confusion and misrepre­ taxation are cast upon those who are least able to bear them. sentation are not furnished by this bill. Dealing with a single The inequality and injustice of the discriminating rates of duty subject, but admittedly the most important in the whole protec­ imposed on woolen goods under the present law was clearly pointed tive system, it presents a clearly defined issue which no amount out in the able and exhaustive report filed by the minority of the of . ingenious argument can obscure and no amount of misrepre· Ways and Means Committee at the time the bill was reported to sentation can confuse. It challenges both the justice and the the House, from which I quote the following: wisdom of the woolen schedule, and of the principle upon which We cannot undertake here to point out in detail the numerous increases the protective system is based, and thus raises a square issue in the rates of duty on imported goods which this bill proposes to make, but between those who believe the power to levy and collect taxes a few will sumce to show the general character of the measure and the purpose is limited by organic law and that the burdens of government of its authors and supporters. The lowest grades of woolen yarn worth not over 30 cents a pound are to be subjected to a duty of 112 :;>er cent, while the should rest equally upon all, and those who hold an opposite most costly yru."D will pay but 7'2 per cent. One grade of coarse cheap blankets view. will be required to pay 103 per cent, but the finest blankets will pay but 72 per The correctness of these conflicting principles of tariff taxa­ cent. The coarsest and cheapest woolen hats will be subject to a duty of 111 per cent, and the the finest to 66 per cent. Women's and children's cheap­ tion is the primary question this bill presents for solution. One e t dress goods, with cotton warp, are to be taxed 106percent, and the finest is right, the other wrong; and if the efforts of those who propose 73 per cent. The lowest grades of woolen cloth will pay 125 per cent, and the highest36 per cent. The cheapest qualities of knit goods range from 112 to by this and other measures to inaugurate what they conceive to 138 per cent, but the finest and most expensive will pay 78 per cent, woolen be a just and equal system of taxation is defeated, the issue will shawls of the coarsest grade, used by the poorest people, will pay 135 per . 2170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 17, cent and worsted goods o! the lowest grade will pay 135 per cent, while the It is encouraging to observe that at least some of the American highest will pay 90 per cent. manufacturers are at last exhibiting something of that manly in­ This statement, the correctness of which has never, so far as I de-pendence so characteristic of our -people. Weary with being know, been questioned, tells its own story, and no argument can forever reminded that their business still needs the tender care excuse or palliate the injustice and extortion which the present bestowed upon fragile infancy, they are impatient to free them­ law as shown by the report from which I have read, imposes upon selves from paternal control and to rely in the future on their own the consumers of woolen goods. It amounts to outright confis­ industry and enterprise, conscious of their entire ability to take cation and the dictates of common justice demand its uncondi- care of themselves if left on an equal footing with their competi­ tional repeal. • • tors. The first section of this bill provides that after the 1st day of Consuming more wool than any other nation-except perhaps .January next, all wools, hair of the camel, goat, and other like England-the American manufacturer has learned that our pol­ animals, together with all waste of every kind, composed wholly icy of excluding it can have but one effect, which is to transfer or in part of wool, when imported, shall be exempt from duty. all the advantages resulting from cheap wool tohisforeignrivals, If the bill becomes a iaw the effect of this section will be to thereby making it easy for them to control all neutral markets repeal the first sixteen paragraphs of the present woolen sched­ both as buyers of wool and sellers of woolen goods. ule and to give consumers better and cheaper goods and to those With free wool and a moderate ad valorem tariff such as this engaged i~ the manufacture of woolen fabrics the benefits of free bill provides, articles of American manufacture would no longer raw mater1al. go begging for buyers, but would find ready sale both at home The present rates of duty on the various grades of wool, waste, and in foreign markets. Such results would necessarily be a ben­ and rags, composed wholly or in part of wool, appear in the fol­ efit to the wage-earner, the cost of production being diminished lowing statement: the margin left for wages would be greater, while the increased Wool, and manufactures of wool. production which would follow would enlarge his sphere and op­ portunities for labor. Regularemploymentatbetterwages, con­ Cl~~.;ashed ------11 cents per pound=54.10 per cent · Washed·------22 cents per pound=65.98 per cent ditions essential alike to the comfort and the happiness of the Scoured ------33 cents per pound=89.14 per cent wage-earner and those dependent upon him, are the benefits which free wool and a radical reduction in the rates of duty on Cl~;;-ashed ______------______12 cents per pound=61.52 per cent woolen goods offer him. · Cla~~e 13 cents or less ------____ 32 per cent INJUSTICE OF SPECIFIC DUTIES. ·alue over 13 cents per pound ______------____ 50 per cent Paragraph 388, 30 cents per pound ------5() per cent The repeal of the duties on raw material is but an inconsider­ able part of the benefits to result from the passage_ of this bip.. It will be observed from the foregoing statement that the rates Section 2 proposes the absolute repeal of the specific, but miS­ of duty on raw wool in nearly every instance are per pound duties, named, compensatory duties provided for in the present law, the ranging from 11 cents on the lowest grades of unwashed wool to most obnoxious and at the same time the most ingeniously con­ 33 cents on scoured wool, and, as shown in the preceding table, trived device of protection. "Under its operations trusts and are equivalent to an ad valor~m dut:v: of fr<;>m 32 to 9~ per cent_. trade combinations easily regulate production, fix prices, and The highest rates of duty, m keepmg With the uniform pohcy subvert the course of honest and fair dealing." of -protection are in every instance imposed on the cheaper grades Every system of taxing commodities by weight, by the yard, or of wool whic'h is, of course, unjust, fixing, as it does, the heaviest other method than that of their market value is oppression which burden~ upon those whose necessities compel them to wear cheap noargumentcan justify, no emerg~ncy excuse. Nationa:lrevenue clothes. is no part of the purpose of a specific ~x . It utterly disregar_ds The duty on raw wool, first presumably paid by the manufac­ the rights of consumers and adds nothmg to the rate of wages, Its turer but ultimately in every case by the consumer, being re­ whole scope and purpose being to aid private enterprise at the moved, the necessary result would be to cheapen the price of im­ expense of the people, upon whom it imposes unnecessary and ported goods, and a similar result would be had in the case of unjust burdens. Not only is this true, but the specific rates·of • domestic goods; but the reduction in the price of woolen goods, duty in the present law, as before remarked, are so arranged that resulting from the repeal of the duty on wool, is the least of the the heaviest burdens are made to rest upon the poor. The truth benefits to accrue. A material advantage resulting to consum­ of this is conclusively shown in that part of the report of the ers of woolen goods from free raw material is th~ certain guar­ minority on the McKinley bill in the Fifty-first Congress from anty it gives of better goods and more wool used m manufactur- which I have already quoted. . The slightest review of the transactions of those who originally in~he minority in their report on this bill point triumphantly procured the legislation that resulted in imposing specific or to the fact that the price of woolen goods has not increased under compensatory duties on woolen goods not only discloses the greedy the operation of the present law. But they are careful not to motives that influenced them but the fraudulent character of state, if they know, wl:_lich presumably they do, that whil~ pri?es their scheme. It was a cons-piracy against the consumers of may not in fact have mcreased, that the people get an inferwr woolen goods from the beginning, intended to further the inter­ quality of goods. . . . . ests of those who procured the legislation by placing it in th~ir The uniform testimony of those engaged mimportmg and deal­ power to impose additional and unjust taxation upon the public. ing in woolen goods is that since the passage of the McKinley Singularly enough, the farmer was used to promote the suc­ bill imported woolen goods are on an average of lighter weight cess of the enterprise. It was alleged that it was for the farmer's than before the passacre of that law, and that an 18-ounce cloth benefit that the legislation was intended. The Wool-Growers' is now made to answe~ thepurposesof imported cloths which be­ Association, a corporation having no interest whatever in agri­ fore the -passaO"e of the McKinley law weighed from 20 to 21 culture was the self-appointed representative of the farmer in ounces. The same is true applied to articles of domestic manu­ the conferences held with the manufacturers and which finally facture. If the consumer gets the article at prices as cheap as led to an agreement that the tax on wool should be continued on before the passage of the McKinley law it is lighter weight; if the conditions that the manufacturer was to be allowed to levy a of equal weight then of inferior quality. tax on consumers of woolen goods in a sum sufficient to compensate We here have not only the answer to the argument of those him for the prospective increase i? the price of wool. . The ter~s who insist the McKinley law has not increased the price of of the bargain concluded-the mmds of the contractmg parties woolen goods, but the evidence that one of the direct results of having met-to crystallize the agreement into law, especially ~s that law has been to increase the manufacture and sale of shoddy. it was alleged to be in the interest of agriculture (?), was no dif­ In other words, the effect of the -present law has been to put all ficult task and thus in the name of the farmer was consummated wool and all worsted goods out of the reach of the poor. Shoddy the schem~ which its crafty authors had cunningly devised for manufactured from waste, scraps, and cast-off rags, is the char­ his o-ppression. . . . . acter of goods the McKinleytariff law prescribes for the poor. The report of Hon. DaVId A. W ells, speCial comm1ssioner to Not only would the interests of consumers be subserved by a the Secretary of the Treasury, made in 1869, which is published repeal of the duty on wool, it would result in an equal benefit to with the report that accompanies this bill and which may fairly the manufacturers of woolen goods, make it possible for them to be regarded as a part of the concurrent history of the subject, diversifytheproductoftheirmillsandextend their trade, which states the matter so clearly and fully that I insert it in order not without free raw material is impossible, no matter what economy only to show the methods resorted to by those who secured the they practice or what amount of intelligent enterprise they be­ legislation, but the purpose of it and its effects upon the people. stow U:{>On their business. The mterests of the consumer and those of the manufacturer He says: In March, 1867, an act was passed by Congress increasing the duties on the aloncr this line are not in conflict; free wool would be a benefit to importation o! wool and woolens to a. degree unprecedented and far in ad­ both: guaranteeing better and cheaper g;oods to consumers, in­ vance of the average rate of the then existing tariff. The object aimed at was to promote alike the interests of the grower of wool and the manufac­ creasing the demand for goods of domestic manufacture and ~n­ turer o! fabrics. The results attained to, however, have been so remarkable abling the home manufacturer to successfully enter the forergn and so contrary to expectation that a. detailed history o! the.whole move­ markets from wuicb protection has excluded him. ment deserves to be put on record as a most important contnbution to po- 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 217.1 litico-economic science and as affording a new and most striking illustration following statement, which shows the present rates of duty on a o!the lmpolicy of the oft-renewed effort to unnaturally influence the course of industry and trade by a resort to legislation. few of the articles most generally used. and the rat8s which this The breaking out of the war in 1861 and the curtailment of the usual sup­ bill proposes: ply of cotton created both in the United States and in Europe a greatly in­ creased demand for wool and woolen fabrics, and prices, as was to have been Statement sho1oing 1·ates of duty on woolen goods under the McKinley law and as expected advanced in proportion. Domestic fleece wools in New York rose proposed by the pending bill. from 35 to 48cents per pound in April, 1861, to 90 to 117 cents in August, 1864. and manufacturers who had stoclr on hand or contracted for, during t.he first McKinley Pending years of the war or who afterwards bought progressively, realized immense Goods. law. bill. profits. At the close of the war (which was followed by a marked decline in the prices of wool) a number of gentlemen claiming to represent the wool-growers of Per cent. Percent. the United States, but who appear to have been more especially interested Wool and worsted yarns, valued at not over 30 cents in the breeding of sheep than in the growing of wool, conceived the idea that, per pound ______---- __ --- __ ------126 35 11 all foreign wool could be shut out by legislation from competition with Same goods valued at from 30 to40 cents per pound ____ _ 103 35 the domestic product, the war prices of domestic wool could be maintained, On woolen or worsted cloths, shawls, etc., valued at and great gain be thereby made to accrue to all concerned. not more than 30cents perpound ______175 40 Measures to accomplish this object were accordingly set on foot, and, as Samepound goods ______valued at over______30 and under 40 cents· per _ the scheme l~oked especially toward the promotion of the interest of 147 40 the agriculturists of the country, it gave promise of SllCCess fl'om its very Cheap blankets, hats of wool, flannels for underwear __ 94 25 outset. Meantime, the manufacturers of wool, clearly perceiving that a re­ Another grade of same goods------­ 110 35 striction of supply and increase in the price of wool would place them at a Women's and children's dress goods, composed in disadvantage in respect to foreign competition, became alarmed and pro­ whole or in part of wool, worsted, hair of the camel, posed cooperation to the Wool-Growers' Association. The offer was ac­ goat, etc __ ---- __ ------110 40 cepted, the parties entering into union, and by means of delegates entered Cheap ready-made clothing __------__ ------­ 85 45 upon their work. What was this work? Not to increase the revenues of the Cloaks, dolm.a.ns, jackets, and other outside garments national Treasury; not to promote the interests of the great mass of the peo­ for ladies' and children's apparel, composed wholly ple to whom woolen fabrics are almost as much a necesity as food and shel­ or in ~art of wool ___ _------______------______82 45 ter; not to increase the wages or comforts of the laborers who grow the Women sand children'sdress goods, vi'i.th cotton warp, wool or manufacture the cloth, but simply and exclusivelytoinfiuencelegis­ valued at not exceeding 15cents per square yard ______88 35 la.tion for the promotion of their respecti:Ye private gains and interests. Cheap two-ply ingrain carpets------65 30 The basis of the agreement on which the interests united was substantially as follows: That the dutyonraw or unwashed wools and hair, other than wools adapt-ed for carpets, should be fixed at rates varying from 10 to 12 cents per pound and From the foregoing statement it appears that the passage of from 10 to 11 per cent ad valorem. In order, then, to compensate the manu­ this bill would result in a reduction in the rates of duty as fixed ufacturer for such a prospective enhancement of the price of his raw ma­ in the McKinley act of from 40 to 135 per cent. terial, it was agreed that, in consideration of the fact that 4 pounds of the cheapest imported wool (mestiza), paying an aggregate duty of 46 cents, Evidently this is no mere temporizing with an evil, but a serious were sometimes employed in the fabrication of a pound of finished cloth, the proposition not only to overtht·ow the most oppressive and the duty on cloth should be 50 cents per pound and on other fabrics of wool of most burdensome schedule of the present tariff law, but the varying weight a duty in like proportion. In order, next, to give the manu­ facturer protection against his foreign competitor, 25 per cent ad valorem schedule upon which the entire system of protectionchie.flyrests. was added; and in order to further compensate for the payment of an inter­ Those who may have been inclined to underestimate or view nal-revenue tax of 6 per cent, which tax was repealed in the succeeding year, with indifference the importance of this meas:ure will find upon 10 per cent more was added, thus making the aggregate duties on cloths, shawls, and woolen goods generally 50 cents per pound* and 35 per cent ad an examination of the results its passage would guarantee that valorem. It will thus be seen that, if the manufacturers, as is often alleged, their opinions respecting it were not justified by the facts. did not enter into the arra.gement for an increase of duties through their own Standing alone as it does, encumbered with no collateral prop­ seeking, they nevertheless managed to secure full compensation for all that was granted to the wool-growers, and, in addition to that, through force of osition it would be strange if a majority could be found to oppose subsequent circumstances, an additional protection in excess of what, ac­ it in any legislative body claiming to represent the welfare and cording to t.heir own showing, they considered necessary. interests of the people. Those who do oppose it will find no con­ Onerous as were the specific duties on woolen goods under the venient list of schedules, questions of doubtful policy or local in­ tariff law of 1883 the rates were greatly increased by the Mc­ terests behind which to shelter, as has been the custom hereto­ Kinley bill, notwithstanding the fact that the price of wool had fore when a general revision of the tariff was proposed. Pro­ declined. There was no reason for this increase in the rates of posing better and cheaper goods for the people and a system of duty; it was not only unauthorized but was purely arbitrary and equal taxation, those who oppose this measure take upon them­ in the interest of the manufadurer alone. selves the task of explaining that cheaper and better clothes The benefits to resultfrom the repeal of these specific rates as would not be a blessing, that to place it in the power of the man­ proposed in the bill reported by the Ways and Means Committee ufacturer to increase his business and to improve the quality of will be appreciated when the extent to which they increase the his merchandise is undesirable, and that the extension of our for­ cost of woolen goods is briefly considered. eign trade would add nothing to the national prosperity . The specific duty under the act of 1890 on one grade of woolen The appeal can no longer be successfully made to the farmer and worsted yarn is equivalent to an ad valorem tax of 91 per that a duty on wool is a benefit to him; he has heard that before. cent, on another grade to 63 per cent. The disastrous record which protection has made both a:; to the On the cheapest grades of woolen and worsted clothes, shawls, prices of wool and the number and value of his sheep is before and knit fabrics, the specific duty is equal to an ad valorem rate him, and on that record his verdict is for the immediate repeal of 135 per cent, and on another of the same goods to 107 percent of thewooltax which haspromised himso much butyieldedhim ad valorem. On cheap blankets, hats of wool, flannels, etc., the nothing. specific duties expressed in ad valorem form amount to 64 per The following statement, furnished by the Treasury Depart­ cent. ment, showing the number of sheep in the States and Territories The cheapest grades of women's and children's dress goods are between the years 1860 and 1891, is interesting and instructive in subject under the present law to a specific tax equal to 60 per more respects than one. In the twenty-nine States east of the cent, on ready-made clothing the specific rate amounts to 45 per Missouri and Mississippi Rivers the number of sheep in 1891 was cent ad valorem. Throughout the whole woolen schedule of the less than in 1860. During this period population has doubled, the McKinley law two facts are conspicuously prominent, the greater number of farmers increased, and since 1867 wool has been pro­ part of the duty in every case consists of a specific tax, and the tected by heavy duties, yet the sheep industry in these States higher rate in every instance is placed on the cheapest goods. has failed to flourish. Evidently the inequality of taxation which protection always This decline in the number of sheep can not be charged to a. authorizes has r eached its highest state of perfection in the hostile climate nor to a lack of enterprise on the pa'it of those en­ woolen schedule of the present law. But this bill is not limited gaged in agriculture. The cause must be sought elsewhere, but to the repeal of the tax on wool and to the destruction of all spe­ that protection does not promote the wool industry is seen by a cific duties. Its provisions go beyond this and provide for are­ glance at these statistics, and although the present law increased duction in the present ad valorem rates, fixing them in many the rates of duty on wool, the number of sheep in these twenty­ cases lower than the rates fixed in the Mills bill, which passed nine States was 313,922less in 1891 th"an in 1890. this House in the Fiftieth Congress. The number of sheep continues to decrease in these States re­ The material and important benefits which would result to the gardless of the increased rates of duty imposed by the present people from the passage of this measure partially appear in the law.

Statement showing the number of sheep in States east of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers during the years named .

. February, S tates. 1860. 1868. 1870. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881.

Alabama. ______------370,156 275, 151 241, 934 182,300 185,900 195,100 270,000 20!, 000 214,200 ~.910 117,107 173,243 83,884 88,190 92, 500 92,500 92,500 96,200 97,100 98, 071 ==== 18,857 17,072 22,714 23,200 23, 000 23,600 35, 000 37, 400 38,800 38,800 Floridag~~.:i~~~~-= ------====__ ------==== ____ 30,158 5,005 26,599 31,500 37, 800 40,400 56,500 59, 900 59, 900 70,083 Georgia ____ ---· ------512,618 31

lllinois. ______769,135 2, 736, 431 1,568, 286 1,380, 000 1,311, 000 Indiana---- ______---- 1, 258,500 1,258, 500 1,089,000 1,110,800 1, 155,232 991,175 2,882,176 1, 612,680 1,300,000 1, 250,000 1,175,000 1, 092,700 1, 039,500 1,019,000 1,029,5~ Iowa------·Kentucky ______259,041 3,591, 379 855,493 1, 697,900 1,663, 900 1, 680,500 560,000 445,500 454,400 463,( 938, 990 895,865 936,765 759,600 683,600 690,400 900,000 1, 020,000 1, 009,800 1,020, 996 452,472 752,542 43i, 666 491,500 Maine ______------525,900 520,600 525 800 557,300 596,300 632,~ Maryland------______155,765 275,542 129,697 138,500 141,200 144,000 151:200 152,700 152,700 152,7 Massachusetts------____ 114,829 175,149 78,560 76,300 76,300 61,000 60,300 60,900 63, 300 65,199 Michigan------1, 271,743 3, 948,191 1, 985,906 3, 416,500 3, 450,600 2,100,000 1, 750,000 1, 820, ()()() 1,856,400 1, 930,656 Minnesota------______13,044 129,010 132,343 176,200 190,200 209, 200 300,t00 307, 50() 307,500 313,650 MissounMississlppi ______------352,632 192,960 232,732 147,400 151,800 163,900 250, 000 192,600 200,300 202,303 937,445 1, 377,547 1,352,001 1,866, 200 1, 284,200 1, 297,000 1, 271,000 1, 296,400 1,523, 300 1, 619,931 New JerseyHampshire.------______310,534 529,865 248,760 242, 400 242,400 242,400 ' 239, 900 235, 100 242,100 246,942 135,228 193,952 120,067 127,100 125,800 125,800 128, 300 127, (){)() 127,~ 129,748 New York------2, 617,855 4, 696, 894 2, 181,578 1, 996,400 1, 936,500 1, 897,700 1,518, 100 2,121,000 2,205, 2, 338,148 North Carolina ______546,749 325, 684• 463, 435 275,700 283, 900 281,000 490,000 425,000 425, 000 385 000 Ohio------3,546, 767 6, 730,126 4, 928, 635 4, 592, 600 4, 546, 600 3, 900,000 3, 783,000 4,040, 000 4, 080,400 1,243:617 Pennsylvania _____ ------1, 631, 540 3, 422, 002 1, 794,301 1,674, 000 1, 640, 500 1, 607,600 1,607,600 1,666,000 1, 649,300 1,632,807 Rhode Island------32,624 36,588 23,938 25,300 25, 300 25,000 24,500 24,500 28,200 28,200 South Carolina ______233,50J 179,86! 121,594 147,200 H2,700 144,10:> 175,000 182,000 176,500 187,090 Tennessee------733,317 264, 0!1 826,783 325,500 341,700 345,100 850,000 858,500 - 858,500 858,500 Vermont ______--'---- ____ 752,201 1, 042, 034 580,347 516,400 490, 500 475,700 461,400 466,000 498,600 508,672 Virginia------1,043,260 658,624 370,145 367,500 356,400 367,000 422,000 417, 800 426,100 447,405 West Virginia------880,000 552,327 539,200 544,500 544,500 549,900 571,900 600,500 660, 550 Wisconsin.------332; 954" 1.880,758 1,069, 282 1,211,300 1,162, 800 1, 151,100 1,323, 700 1,313,000 1,316,100 1,323,261 TotaL ______19, 261, 714 1 *37. 865 600 1 23, 397,917 1 23,690, 800 23, 279, 300 I 21,137,300 I 20, 529, 200 I 21,201,100 21,712,700 2'3, 392,551

State. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891.

Alabama ___ ------354,489- 350,944 343,925 343, 99..5 337,047 3"23, 565 310,622 301,303 286,238 274,788 60,()9..5 59,425 58,-831 59,419 Connecticut------··--Delaware ______---- 53,477 53,477 49, 199 47,231 46,759 45,824 Florida ______22, f1i7 22,077 22,077 2"2, 519 22 294 22, 294 22,294 2'.l, 294 22,294 22,517 58,382 102,000 98, 940 97,951 91:094 90,183 92, 888 91 , 959 110,351 111,455 Georgia ______568,141 532,760 543,415 532, 547 500,594 465,552 442,274 424,583 411,846 383,017 Illinois ____ ------1, ()9...6, 702 1, 149,906 1, 126,908 1, 093,101 1,00:>,653 925 201 814,177 773, 468 688,387 770,903 Indiana ______1,111, 516 1, 122, 631 1,145,084 1,122,184 1, 088,517 1, 034:091 1,003,068 1,420, 000 1,278,000 1,150,200 Iowa------~-- 482,681 497,161 497,191 472,303 467, 580 425,498 408,478 540,700 476,816 452,025 Kentucky------__ 990,266 1, 000,169 950,166 950,761 903,223 858,062 797,998 805,978 805,978 765,6~ Maine ______577,236 577, 236 Maryland ______---· 577,236 548,374 537, 407 526, 659 547,725 547,725 542,248 547,67 172,896 173,760 172,022 172,022 168, 582 165, 210 160, 254 152,241 153, 763 156,= Massachusetts------68,659 69,346 69,346 67,959 64,551 63,270 62,637 59, 505 56, 530 55 Michigan ______2, 320, 752 2,436, 790 2,412, 422 2, 364,174 2, 269,607 2,256,127 2, 113, 004 2, 134, 13! 2, 240, 841 2, 263:249 Minnesota ____ ------278,302 281,085 275,463 272,708 278,162 278, 162 283, 725 337, 500 327,375 330,649 MJssisslppi ------____ 290,571 293,477 293,477 281,738 276,103 242,971 247,830 . 252, 787 240,148 235,345 Missouri ______------____ 1, 425, 411 1,453, 919 1, 439, 380 1,338,623 1, 28:>, 078 1.182,212 1,087,690 1,109,444 1, 198,200 898,650 New Hampshil·e ______213, 943 211,804 209,686 201,299 195,260 195,260 205,023 194, 77'2 19-J, 824 183,183 New Jersey ______------118,190 117,008 117,008 119,008 107,413 106,339 105,276 103,170 103,170 100,075 New York------1, 732,332 1, 732,33:2 1, 732,332 1, 697,685 1, 595,824 1, 579, 866 1, 56!,067 1,548,426 1,548,426 1,393,583 North Carolina ____ ------470,871 466,162 452,176 488,350 468,816 450,063 427,560 419,089 414,819 398,226 Ohio------4,951,511 5, 050,541 5,000,036 4,900,035 4, 753,034 4,562, 913 4, 106,622 4,065, 556 3, 943,589 4, 061,897 Pennsylvania------1, 785,481 1,803,336 1, 749,236 1,486,857 1, 184,481 1,094,323 984,891 935,646 945,002 1,039,5~ Rhode Island------21,514 21,729 21, f1i7 20,866 20, 449 20,245 20,852 20,435 20,231 20,433 South Carolina ______120,078 120,078 116, 476 117,641 112,935 108,418 1117, 334 105, 187 102,031 98,970 Tennessee------675,478 675, 478 655, 214 635,558 603, 78:> 561,515 516, 594 526,926 511,118 511,118 Vermont. ______444,269 448,712 448,712 385,892 378,174 378, 174 393, 301 365, 770 362,112 351,249 Virginia------502, 262 502,262 487,194 477,450 463,127 449, 233 444,741 435, 846 444,563 444,5Ga West Virginia ______681, 517· 684, 9"25 671, 2'26 637,665 624,912 593, 666 474, 933 484, 432 508,654 518,827 Wisconsin ____ ------1,350,175 1, 363,677 1, 336, 403 1,282,~7 1,218,800 1, 072, 544 911,662 793,146 809,009 889,910

Total ______----- ____ 22, 8!5, 727 23,320,730 23, 052, 629. 22, 191,901 21,080, 084 19,975, 153 18, 706,719 19, 019,173 1 18,790,322 18,476,400

*Total number of sheep of all ages. February, 1858, in the above State3, and five other State3 report.ej, wa.s 39,931,912, and. their aggregate value was e98,407,809; but in the States east of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers the total number was 37,86!,60;). ·

Statement showing the number of sheep in the States and Territories west of the Jlissouri and ~Mississippi Rivers f1'om 1860 to 1891. States and Territories. 1860. 18i0. 1880. 1887. I 1888. 1889. 1800. 1891. Louisiana _. ______------·--· -=------181,253 118,602 135,631 111,730 113,965 116,244 115,082 113,931 Texas ______---- ______------__ ------753,363 714,351 2,411,633 4, 761,831 4,523, 739 4,659,451 4, 752,640 4, 990,272 Arkansas ______------__ ------__ ------202,753 161,077 246,757 224,660 220,167 224,570 269,484 269,484 Kansas ______---- __ ------17,569 109,088 499,671 1,106,852 830, 139 730,522 438,313 447,079 NebraskaColorado ______------______------______2,355 22, 725 199,453 439,700 422,112 342,000 239,400 234,612 ...... ------120,928 746,443 1, 149, 178 1, 137,686 1, 114, 932 1, 783,891 1,819,569 California ______------______1, 088,002 2, 768,187 4,152,349 6,069,698 5, 462,728 3,956, 000 4,035,120 3, 712,310 Nevada ______-=-- : __ ___ ------376 11,018 133,695 674,486 660,946 694,046 700,986 504,710 Oregon ____ ------______86,052 318,123 1,083,162 2, 593,029 2, 930,123 2,959,424 2, 929,830 2,431,859 Washington ___.. ~ ------______10, 157 44,063 292,883 555,439 549,885 560, 883 673,060 673,060 Dakota ______------____ ------____ '266, 329 214,819 Idaho------______193 1, 901 30,244 256, 209 269, 019 242,117 Montana ______------1,021 27,226 231,413 312, 408 374,890 487,357 501,978 ------2, 024 184,Z77 754, 688 1, 265,000 1,391,500 1,989,845 2,089, 337 New Mexico ______------830, 116 619,438 2,088,831 4,025, 742 3,623,168 3, 514,47"3 3,092, 736 3, 123,663 Arizona_. ___ ------____ -·-·------803 76,524 627,201 658,561 665,147 698,404 593,648 Utah ______37, 332 59,672 233,121 658,285 1, 335,000 1, 468, 500 2,055,900 2,055, 900 Wyoming ______---======·===::======------6,409 140,225 534,020 523,340 565,207 1,017,373 1,119,110 TotaL ______------__ ------3, 209,521 5,079,430 12, 682, 225 1 24, 'i'i4, 261 24, 838, 036 1 23, 579, 906 25,545,750 24,984,736 I I The table showing the number of sheep in the seventeen States it has operated to increase the number of sheep in States and and Territories west of the Missouri and Mis£dssippi Rivers from Territories west of th~ Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, then its 1860 to 1891, while showing a result entirely different from the operation in the States east of those rivers has produced a di­ preceding tables, is not less instructive in aiding to a correct aectly opposite result. conclusion as to the cause that has controlled this industry, and But no elaboration can add anything- whatever to the force of worked out such different !esults in different parts of the coun­ the argument these statistics carry on their very face. The op­ try, while the same law of protection has been in force in every posite results they work out must therefore be traced to causes State and Territory. The conclusion is irresistible that protec­ wholly independent of protection. tion has not influenced the subject in any manner whatever. If The obvious lesson tau

protectionists ought to profit, is that in States where land adapted It will not prove unprofitable, in connection with the sta­ to agriculture is high and scarce, there sheep-raising is unprofit­ tistics relating to the sheep industry, to examine the statis­ able; where land is cheap and grazing lands abundant there the tics showing exports of domestic wool and imports of foreign industry flourishes regardless of protection. . wool:

Q uan titi ~s of wool products impo1·ted, expm·ted, and ?'etainedfor co nsump ~ io n in the United States f1•om 1840 to 1891, inclusive.

Foreign re- Tota:I con- <;Jons~p- Exports of tained for sumptwn, for- twn wru;h Year ending June 30- Production. Export~ of D~~:Jii~t Imports. domestic. consumption. foreign. consumption e1gn and wa:s fOI- . domestic. e1gn.

Pounds. Pottnds. Pounds. Pounds. PoundJJ. Pounds. Per cent. 184.0 (year ending September 30) ------a35, 802, 114 35,802,114 9,898, 740 85,528 9,813,212 45,615,326 21.5 1850 ______------a52, 516, 957 35,898 52,481,061 t8, 695,294 ------18,695,294 71,176,355 26.3 a60, 264,913 1 055 928 59,208,985 26,282, 955 157,064 26,125,891 85,334,876 30.6 1860.------1 1863 . . ------106,000,000 '355 722 105, 644, 278 75, 121, 7'28 708 850 74,412,878 180,057, 156 41.3 1864. ------: __ - 123, 000, 000 155:482 122,844,518 91,250,114 223:475 91,026,639 213, 871, 157 42. 6 1865.------_.___ ------142,000,000 466,182 141,533, 818 44,420, 375 679, 281 43,741, 094 185, 274, 913 23.6 1866.------155, 000, 000 97'3,075 154,026, 925 71 , 287,988 852,045 70, 435, 943 2'-'.A, 462, 868 31 . 0 1867------160,000, 000 307, 418 159, 692, 58".2 38,158,382 619,614 37,538, 768 197, 231, 350 19.0 1868 ____ ------168, 000,000 558 435 164,441, 565 25,467,336 2, 801, 852 22,665, 484 190, 107,049 11.9 1869.------180,000,000 444:387 179 555 613 39,275,926 342,417 38,933,509 218, 489, 122 17.8 1870.------162,000,000 152,892 161: 647: 108 49,230,199 1, 710, 053 47,520, 146 20[1, 367,254 22.7 1871.------160, 000,000 25,195 159, 964, 80.5 68,058,028 1, 305,311 66,752,717 226, 727' 52'~ 29.4 1872_ ------150, 000, 000 140,515 149,859, 485 126,507,409 2, 343, 937 124, 163, 472 274, 022,957 45.3 1873.------158,000, 000 75,129 157,924,871 85,496,049 7, 040,386 78,455,663 236, 380, 534 33.2 1874.------170, 000,000 319,600 169,680,400 42,939,541 6,816,157 36,123,384 205, 803,784 17.5 1875.------181, 000, 000 178,034 180, 821, 966 54,1}01, 760 3,567,627 51,334, 133 232,156,099 22. 1 1876 ____ ------192, 000, 000 104, 768 191' 895, 232 44, 642,836 1, 518,426 43, 124,410 235, 019, 642 18.3 1877.------!!00, 000, 000 79, 599 199,920, 401 42,171,192 3,088, 957 39,082,235 239, 002, 636 16.3 1878.------208,250,000 347 854 207, 902,146 48,449,079 5, 952, 2'21 4.3,496,858 250, 399, 004 16.9 ' 1879.------211 ' 000, 000 60:784 210,939,216 39, 005,155 4, 104,616 34, 900,539 245, 839, 755 14.2 1880.------232, 500, 000 191,551 232, 308, 449 128, 131,747 3, 648, 520 124, 4.83, 2Z7 356,791,676 34.9 1881.------240, 000, ()()() 71,455 239, 9'28, 545 55,964, 236 5, 507,534 50,4!56, 702 290, 38.'>, 247 17. 3 1882. ------2i2, 000, ()()() 116, 170 271' 883, 821 67,861,744 3, 831 , 836 64,029,908 335;913, 729 19.0 1883. ------290, 000, ()()() 64,474 289, 935, 526 70, 575, 478 4,010,043 66 565 435 356, 500, 961 18. 7 1884.------__ _._ 300, 000, 000 10, 393 299, 989, 607 78,350,651 2,304, 701 76: 045:950 376, 035, 557 20,6 1885 ___ ------308,000, 000 88, 006 307,911 , 994 70,596,170 3,115, 339 67,480,831 375, 39'~. 825 18. 0 1886.------302, 000, 000 146,423 301' 853, 577 129,084,958 6,534, 426 122,550,532 424, 404,109 28. 9 1887------285, 000, 000 251 940 284, 742, 060 114,038,030 6, 728,292 107,309,738 392,051,798 27. 4 269, 000, 000 22: 164 268,977,836 113,558,753 4,359, 731 109, 199, 022 378, 176, 858 28.9 188918&8 .______------_ 265, 000, 000 141,576 264, 858, 424 126,487,729 3, 363,094 123, 224, 635 388, 083, 059 31.8 1890.------276, 000, 000 231,042 275, 768, 958 105, 431, 285 3,288,466 102,142, 818 3'77, 911,776 27.0 1891.------285, 000, 000 291,922 28!, 708, 078 129, 308, 648 2,638,123 126, 670, 525 411, 378, 603 30.8

a Census year. S. G. BROCK, Chief of B u1•eau. TREASURY DEPARTMEN"T, BUREAU OF STATISTIC3, Washington, D. 0. , Janum·y 21, 1892.

There has not been a year since 1840, as shown by the preced­ The cause of this is well understood by the manufa~turers, who ing table, when we have not imported foreign wool, and this correctly ascribe it to the fact that we can not produce in this has gone on with great uniformity i·egardless of the duties im­ country all the grades of wool required in the manufacture of posed upon wool. Prior to 1867 there was only a nominal duty woolen goods. on wool, many grades being admitted free, and yet the per cent It is only when mixed with certain grades offoreign wool that of foreign wool consumed by us between 1840 and 1867 was not on American wool can be successfully and profitably used, and no an average. greater at any time than it has been throughout the matter what the duty on foreign wool may be, the American man­ whole period in which we have maintained high duties ·on raw ufacturer will continue to be under the necessity of importing wool. it, will pay the duty and charge it up, with a profit added, to Nor does it seem, under the system of protection, that American -those who buy his goods. wool growers have been able to supply the annual demands of With these facts understood and admitted, it is not only futile, the home market. Last year, although the rate of duty was on but absurd, to persist in the policy of maintaining a duty on wool an average 38tpercent, we imported 30,000,000pounds more than which can only result in crippling the energies of manufacturers in the year 1890. and in increasing the cost of the finished fabric to consumers. Of the 411,378,603 pounds of wool consumed by American man­ We are not only large importers of wool, but of woolen goods ufacturers last year, more than 30 per cent of it was imported. also, as is shown by the following statement:

Statement showing net imports of tcools and manufactteres of 'Wool into the United S(ates during the years ending December 31, 1889 and 1891

1889. 1891. Increase. Decrease. Articles. • Quantities. _v_a_l_u_e_s._ _Qu_a_n_t_it_ie_s_. -1-1-·_V_a_l_u_es_. __, _Q_ua_n_t_it_ie_s_._,_v_a_Iu_e_s_. _ _Q_u_an_ti_ti_e_s._ __v_al_u_e_s._ I 1 1 1 Wools, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, and other like animals, and manufactures of: Unmanufactured- Class 1 ------____ ------______pounds.. 27,148,970 $5,781,974 34,609, 730 $7,448,363 7, 460,760 $1,666,389 __ ------____ ------Class2 ______do____ 8, 217,685 2,001, 044 5,944, 607 1,4..92,137 ------2,273,078 !f578,907 Class3 ______do____ 89, 428, 456 10,268, 917 96,043,300 9, 573,119 6,614,844 ------695,798 I------I------I------1------:------:------I------·I------Total unmanufactured ______do __ __ 124, 795,111 18, 051,935 136, 597,637 18,443,619 1 11,802, 526 391,684 ------1 ======1 ======1 ======1 ======:, ======1 ======1 ======1 ===~~~ Manufactures of- Carpets and carpeting ______square y a rds__ 630,659 742,641 639, 232 1, 420,173 8, 573 677,532 Clothing, ready-made, and other wearing ap- parel, except shawls and knit goods ______---- ______1,857,671 ------______1, 713, 811 __------______------~-- ______143,860 Cloths ______------____ pounds__ 13,484,827 12,985,592 11,848,368 11,459,905 ------1, 635,919 1, 525,687 Dress goods, women's and children's __ sq. yards.. 98, 4~ , 6M 20,349,422 70, 469,428 16, 145,018 __ ------~~~~~~~~~~~~ 27, 960,236 4,204,404 Knit fabrics ____ ...... ------______.... ____ ------______1, 004, 878 ______1, 018, ()23 .... ______586 855 Rags, mungo, fl.ocks,noils, shoddy, etc ___ pounds.. 8, 428,213 3, 418,109 163, 720 51,204 ______------8, 264,493 3, 366:905 Shawls .. ____ ------__ ...... __ ------______001 , 515 ...... ______562,295 ______------______339,220 Yarns ______------____ pounds__ 4, 153,897 2, 396,924 1, 161, 145 738,451 2, 992,752 1,658,473 All other ______. ______.______9, 585, 294 ______1, 712, 638 ~~ ~~~~ ===~ ==== ::: === :::::: ______7,872,656 l------[------1------:------l------I------I------Tota.lmanufactures of---- ·------53,842,046 ------1 34,~1,518 1 19, ()9...0, 528 Total wools and woolens_------____ I=_=__ =_= __ =_= __ =_=_= __ =_l===7=1,=8=93=,=98=1= ll=-=__ =_= __ =_= __ =_=_= __ =_ ~j ===53= · ,=265~,=137== ~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ -~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~ 18, 628,844

S. G. BROCK, Chief of Bttreau. 'l'REASURY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF STATISTICS, January-, 1892. 1

2174 c ·oNGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. MARCH 17, ' Since this bill, by abolishing all specific duties and reducing high prices as the corresponding grades of American wool have the ad valorem rates as they exist in the present law, would nec­ commanded in the protected market of Boston. essarily result in a radical reduction in the price of manufactured The comparisons not only prove that protection wholly fails to goods annually imported, to say nothing of the reduction that increase the prices of American wool, but show that after all it would result in the price of similar grades of domestic goods, a is governed by the price of wool in the free-trade markets of consideration of the foregoing statement will not be without in­ England. terest to those who wish to understand the extent to which this The following statement, furnished by the Statistician of the bill will rid them of unnecessary taxation. Agricultural Department, shows how powerless protection has In 1889 we imported manufactured goods to the amount of been in checking the downward tendencies in the price of Amer­ $53,842,046. Last year we imported $34,265,137. The average ican wool. Beginning with 1883, down to and including January tariff tax on these goods was 9H per cent, which, ad~.ed to their 1, 1892, the general tendency of prices has been downward: value when landed at custom-houses, nearly doubled their cost. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Under the provisions of this bill nearly two-thirds of this tax DIVISION OF STATISTICS, would be saved on the single item of imported woolen goods. Washington, IJ. C., February 20, 1892. It has already been shown that protection has neither fostered Sm: * * * The following statement shows the price per pound of dif­ ferent grades of domestic wool in Philadelphia, on July 1, 1890, ana January the sh€pp industry nor checked the importation of foreign wool; 1, 1892, as reported by Messrs. Coates Brothers, of that city: that it has not increased the price of domestic wool is made clear by the following: _ July 1, Jan, 1, 1890. 1892. Average price in Boston of Ohio medium woo~ and average p1·ice in London of Port Philip fleece in American currerunJ, 1866 to 1890. Ohio and Pennsylvania fleece, washed: Cents. Gents. XX ------33 to 35 30 to 32 [London quotations from Windeler & Co. American prices from Mauger & Medium ______------.... ____ ------37 to 39 35 to 36 Avery, Boston.] New York, Michigan, etc., fleece, washed: XX ------30 to 32 28 to 30 Port Port Medium------______----.. ------~ 36 to 38 34 to 35 Ohio Philip • Ohio Combing and delaine fleece: ' Year. Month. medium Year. Month. Philip Wa-shed medium delaine ______fleece. iznedium fieeoe. 38 to 41 :IT to 39 Washed low------·------· 36 to 38 34 to 36 --- Unwashed, medium.• ----- ______•••• ----- ___ _ 1878 ______30 to 32 28 to 30 1866 .... ----- Mar ••. $0.65 $0.52 Dec ...• $0.:r7 $0.40 Unwashed, light: June •. .60 .44 1879 .••. ---- Mar ... .35 .40 Fine------Medium ______.. ------'---____ _------.•• ______------_ 20 to 23 19 to 21 Sept __ .fJT .48 June •. .34 .42 27 to 30 26 to 28 Dec ___ .60 .45 Sept ... .38 .40 Unwashed. dark colored: 1867------Mar ... .53 .44 Dec ... . .43 .43 LightMedium fine ______..... ·------: ------______---- ______------_ 17 to 20 16 to 18 June .. .55 .44 1880 •••. - --- Feb--- .54 .46 22 to 24 19 to 21 Sept __ .49 .43 Apr ... .60 .49 Texas: Dec ___ .46 .42 June:. .48 .43 Fine .• ______------.---.. ------20 to 22 20 to 22 1868. ------Mar ••. .43 .42 Sept... .48 .44 Medium_. ______---- ____ ------____ ------_ 24 to 26 22 to 21 June •. .48 .42 Dec ... .48 .44 Tub-washed: Sept __ .45 .38 1881______Mar ... .49 .40 Choice selected------:r7to40 36to38 Dec ___ June __ 1869 ______.48 .40 .44 .41 Fair ordinary ______•••• __ .• ------.---- 35 to :rt 33 to 36 Mar .•. .50 .36 Aug ___ .44 .41 June .. .50 .32 Sept... .46 .41 Sept __ .48 .34 Dec ___ Dec .... .46 .42 The annual average price since 1883 o! Ohio wool in Boston, as reported by .48 .34 1882 .... ---- Feb ___ .46 .43 George William Bond & Co., of that city, is as follows: 1870 ____ ----- Feb ___ .36 .36 May ___ .45 .44 Ma.y ___ .47 .36 Aug ___ .45 .44 July••. • 45 .34 Year. Fine. Medi- Coarse. Year. Medi- Sept... .45 .44 um. Fine. um. Coarse. Sept •• .48 .32 Dec ___ . 45 .43 ---- Dec ••• .48 .33 1883 •••••••• Ma.r --- .43 .43 ------1871.------Feb ..• .46 .35 June .• .44 . 43 Gents. Gents. (Jents . Gents. Gents. Cents. May ... . 52 .39 Sept... .41 .41 1883 ------42.3 44.3 35.0 1887------. 34.2 36.0 31.2 July ___ .60 .43 Oct.... .40 .41 :f'/.0 34.1 1888 ______Dec ___ 188!------30.2 32.1 33.0 30.3 Oct ••.• .62 .46 .40 .42 1885------34.0 32.2 28.2 1889.------34-.2 32.0 36. 3 Dec ... .62 .48 1884 •••. ---- Feb ... .40 .40 1886------34.0 35.0 32.2 1890 ... ------34.3 32.1 37.2 1872.------Feb ___ .72 .54 May ___ .38 .39 May ___ .so . 47 June .. .34 .39 July ___ .70 .50 July ___ .34 .40 I a.m not in possession of a. statement of the average price for the year 1891, Sept-- . 60 .53 Nov ... .34 .39 but on January 1, 1892, Ohio wool in Boston was quoted as follows: Dec ___ .60 .55 1885 ••.••••. Jan .... .33 .38 Cents . 1813.------Feb ••• .68 . 50 Apr ___ .32 .:n May___ July ___ Ohio a.nd Pennsylvania., XX and above·------30 to 31 .53 .52 .31 .36 Ohio dela.ine .... ____ ------•..• ----•. ------·-··· ____ 34 to 35 J July••• .48 .53 Sept ___ .35 .33 Oct .••• .53 .55 Dec ___ .35 .33 Ohio fineX and unwashed·above ______...• ------____ ------2920 to 2130 Feb ___ Dec--- .53 .51 1886 •••• ---- .36 .32 Ohio X, No. L ------.... ---- 35 to 36 1874.------Feb ... .54 .51 Apr ___ .34 .29 May .•• .56 .50 July ___ .33 .34 Very respectfully, June __ .53 . 52 Sept... . 38 .:f'/ J . R. DODGE, Statistician . Aug ... .54 .53 Dec ___ .38 .33 Ron. W. T. ELLIS, Dec--- .54 .52 1887------Feb · r · .38 . 34 House of Rep1·esentatives . 1875 ------Feb ___ .56 .49 Apr ___ .:n .34 Ma.y --- .52 .50 July ___ .WI .32 If statistics taken from official sources' may be relied upon for June .. .49 .48 Sept ___ .36 .30 Aug ___ any purpose, or if they are of any value even in corroborating • 50 .46 1888 ______Dec ... .36 .31 Dec ___ .50 .47 Feb ___ .35 . 31 common experience, those quoted above conclusively establish 1876 ______Feb ... .52 .45 Apr ___ .34 . 31 the fact that protection in no wise increases the number of sheep May ___ .49 .42 June .. .33 .32 or the price of wool. On the contrary, its effect is to increase the • June •• • 35 .:n· Sept... .34 .33 Aug ..• .40 .40 Dec ___ .34 .34 cost of woolen goods to the consumer, to confine the manufacture Dec ___ Feb ___ 18'TT ______.40 .45 1889 ...• ---- .38 .33 to the exclusive production of shoddy, to increase the demand Feb ___ .43 .42 Apr ___ .:f'/ .34 for foreign goods on which, as we have already seen, is imposed Ma.y ... .40 .39 July ___ .39 .36 June .. .44 .43 Sept... .:n .38 a rate of duty that nearly doubles the price at which thev would Aug ___ .44 .42 Dec ___ .37 .40 otherwise be sold. It is confidently believed that the repeal of Dec ___ .44 .43 1890 ______Feb ___ .37 .37 the tax on wool, the specific rates of duty, and the reduction of 1878. ______Mar ... .45 .43 May ___ .36 .34 - Ma.y ... .43 .42 July ___ .37 .32 the ad valorem rates, as proposed by this bill, will not only result July ___ .36 .44 Oct ____ .:n .34 in giving better and cheaper goods to the people, but in largely Sept... .37 .42 Dec ___ .37 . 32 increasing the demand for goods of American manufacture . In estimating the advantages to accrue from the passage of • S. N. D. NORTH, this bill it should be borne in mind that both the price of im­ Secretary National Association of Wool Manufacturers, Boston, Mass. ported and domestic goods will be reduced. The duty paid by those who consume imported goods is but a small part of the bur­ The Port Philip fleece referred to in the preceding/table is an dens the present system Imposes, since it authorize the home Australian wool, said by experts to correspond more nearly than manufacturer to add to the price at which he would otherwise any other foreign wool with that produced in Ohio. It is also sell his goods a sum substantially equal to the duty imposed on stated by these experts that quotations based on these grades of the corresponding foreign article. Those who buy imported wool are not only reliable, but that reference must be had to goods pay the tax to the Government, those who buy goods of them by those who desire reliableinformation touchingthecom­ domestic manufacture and who compose the large majority of parative prices of domestic and foreign wool. These quotations purchasera pay the tax to the manufacturer. covering a p eriod of twenty-four years show that wool in the un­ This bill proposes an outright repeal of this compound duty, protected market of London has on an average commanded as this concealed system of taxation, which never has and never 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2175 I will put a cent in the public Treasury, but which has built up journal of that city, "El Tiempo," takes the ground that the return of these trophies (unsolicite~ by that Republic) would be humiliating to the chival­ fortunes for domestic manufacturers by imposing unequal and ric element of their population; and it most certainly follows that if Mexico unjust taxation on the people. refused to accept the trophies our position would be unenviable at home and It is estimated that the reductions this bill makes in the rates abroad. Your humble petitioners beg leave to assert, however, in all sincerity, that of duty imposed by the McKinley law on imported woolen goods they now entertain the kindliest feelings for our national neighbors beyond would amount annually to $20,000,000. When the saving that the Rio Grande, and would be glad to testify our high regard and esteem for would be made to those who consume woolen goods of domestic them by extending a cordial invitation to the gallant survivors of Gen. Santa Ana's armies, who fought nobly under their fia.g in 1846 '48, to visit manufacture is considered, it is not an overestimate to say the this beautiful capital in September next, and join in fraternal greetings total benefits to accrue to the people from the passage of this with our National Association of Veterans of the same period, who are to as­ bill would annually exceed $100,000,000. If it accomplishes this, semble here in that month. It would, we respectfully submit, be a happy and patriotic solution of the question referred to the House of Representa­ the expectations of its friends and ·supporters wip. be realized, tives for concurrence, if an appropriation in money sumcient to enable our and the wisdom of assailing a vicious system in detail fully jus­ membership to properly entertam such visitors from Mexico can be ob­ tified. tained from this honorable Congress, the same to be expended by a. commit­ tee of our association under the supervision of the Bureau of the American The high protective tariff which we have maintained for more Republics. The proposed invitation to the soldiers of the Mexican Republic than twenty-five years is in conflict with the principles of free has not been conceived on the sx>ur of the moment, but has been formally gov~rnment and butfor the accident of war its adoption as a fea­ indorsed by resolutions of the Michigan State Association and the New En­ gland Association of.Mexican War Veterans, and has been favorably con­ ture of our revenue system would have been impossible. Being sidered by the Scott Legion of Philadelphia and the Missouri Association admitted under the plea of necessity in time of war! it is now in­ during the past eight years. sisted that the system shall be continued, although the period WA.SHINGTON, D. C., Marcil, 18,1892. F. A. RAE, United States Navy, which made it necessary is so far behind us that its memories REV. .JOHN C. TENNENT, have become a tradition. FRANK B. SCHAEFFER, No reason can ba assigned or excuse given for longer continu­ Z.C.MART~, ANTON LEHMANN, ing a policy the chief virtue of which is that it permits monop­ CHARLES VE &MILLION, olies to grow rich and taxgatherers to flourish by the unjust and .JOSHUA CLARK, cruel assessments it levies upon a whole nationoof laboring and • .TAMES LYNCH, EDWARD .JOHANNES, producing people. A. IL ROBBINS, ~Reciprocity, which is but a petty system of retaliation, is no Committee. remedy for the evil-aquack nostrum copyrighted and prescribed .T. W. DENVER, President National Association Veterans Mexican War. by the present Republican Administration, it aggravates rather ALEx. M. KENADAY, than cures the" ills we have." Secretary National Association Veterans Mexican lVa1·. The protective-tariff system must be abandoned if we are ever to expect a return of the prosperity we enjoyed when the people, Mr. McMILLIN. I move that the House do now adjourn. taxed only for the support of the Government, were happy and The motion was agreed to. contented, and when American ships, manned by American offi­ The SPEAKER. Pending the announcement of the result, cers and seamen, carried the Stars and Stripes to evety port in the Chair will lay before the House the personal request of a the world where there was a cargo to be received or discharged. member. [Applause on Democratic side.] LEAVE OF ABSENCE. Mr. McMILLIN. I move that the committee do now rise. By unanimous consent leave of absence was granted to Mr. The motion was agreed to. ELLIOTT, for one week, on account of important business. The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re­ And then (at 5 o'clock and 17 minutes p.m.) the House ad­ sumed the chair, Mr. GREENLEAF, from the Committee of the journed. Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that com­ mittee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 600'1, and had come to no resolution thereon. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Mr. McMILLIN. I move that the House do now adjourn. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills were severally re­ Mr. CAMINETTI. I hope the gentleman will withdraw that ported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred to motion for a moment. the Committee of the Whole House, as follows: Mr. McMILLIN. I will. By Mr. PATTON, from the Committee on Military Affairs. MEXICAN TROPHIES. A bill (H. R. 3156) to correct the military record of James Corri­ don, Fourth United States Infantry. (Report No. '161.) Mr. CAMINETTI. I desire to ask unanimous consent to pre­ By Mr. BUNN, from the Committee on Claims: sent a petition from the officers and members of the National As­ A bill(H. R. 2129) for the relief of Capt. W. J. Kountz. (Re­ sociation of Veterans of the Mexican war, remonstrating against port No. '163.) the return of trophies captured in that war to Mexico, as pro­ A bill (H. R. 504:3) for the relief of P. B. Kennedy, surviving posed by the Senate resolution, now before the House Committee partner of Dalton & Kennedy, with amendment. (Report No. on Military Affairs, and that the same be printed and referred to said comiDlttee. 764. The SPEAKER. The title will be read, after which the Chair A bill (H. R. 6142) for the t•elief of J. D. King. (R~port No. if 765. will ask there be objection. A bill (H. R. 5746) to refund revenue taxes to Bonner & Merri­ Mr. McMILLIN. That request does not include printing the man. (Report No 766.) names? Mr. CAMINETTI. I do not desire the names printed. The title was reported. CHANGE OF REFERENCE. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen­ tleman from California to print this petition in the RECORD? Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged from [After a pause.] The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. the consideration of the following bills; which were re-referred as follows: The petition is as follows: A bill (H. R. 6531) for the relief of Louis H. Bristol, adminis­ PETITION. trator-the Committee on Claims discharged, and referred to the To the honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of tke United States of America in Congress assembled: Committee on War Claims. Your petitioners, members of the Associated Veterans of the Mexican War, A bill (H. R. 6'156) for the relief of Francis Downs, executor of residing in Washington City, respectfully beg leave to remonstrate against the late William Craig-the Committee on Claims discharged, the adoption of Senate joint resolution No. 36, passed by the honorable Sen­ and referred to the Committee on War Claims. ate of the United States on the 17th day of February, and now awaiting con­ currence of the honorable House of Representatives, which proposes to re­ A bill (H. R. 6959) for the relief of Karoline C. Redmond, ad­ turn to the Republic of Me)Qco the trophies won in various battles by our ministratrix-the Committee on Claims discharged, and referred comrades in the war with that nation in 1846-'47-'48, the Committee on War Claims. We believe that we voice in this petition the sentiments of nearly every to soldier who has participated in an action against the armed forces of his A bill (H. R. 7066) for the relief of Richard W. Johnson-the country, when we assert that trophies honorably won in battle should be Committee on Claims discharged, and referred to the Committee preserved as priceless jewels of the nation to commemorate the valor of the on War Claims. men who achieved those tokens of victory, and that the sight and contem­ plation of such examples are calculated to stimulate the ambition of young A bill (R. R. 7188) for the relief of Albert J. Pratt, adminis­ aspirants to military fame. trator-the Committee on Claims discharged, and referred to the We think the proposed .return of the trophies is without precedent in our Committee on War Claims. history as a nation, and such le~islation would possibly afford a pretext hereafter to obliterate the histoncal paintings now ornamenting the walls A bill (H. R. 6971) for the relief of CharlesHarkins-the Com­ and fresco panels in the beautiful rotunda of the Capitol, which commemo­ mittee on Claims discharged, and referred to the Committee on rate our military and naval successes in the wars of the Revolution and 1812 with Great Britain and with Mexico. War Claims. 1 We also desire to call attention to a recent telegram published in the New A bill (H. R. 7302) for the relief of Joseph E. McCabe, sergeant York World, March 6, dated in the City of Mexico, by which it appears a leading Company A, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry-the Committee 2176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARoH 17, on Claims discharged, and referred to the Committee on War By.Mr. MARTIN: A bill(H. R. 7342) to increase the pension of Clabns. . Israel T. Cassell-to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (H. R. 4521) for the relief of Frank Della Torre and Susan By Mr. O'FERRALL: A bill (H. R. 7343) for the relief of Michael F. Della Torre, heirs of Peter Della Torre, deceased-the Com­ Good, of Shenandoah County, Va.-oo the Committee on War mittee on Private Land Claims discharged, and referred to the Claims. Committee on Claims. · Also, a bill (H. R. 7344) for the relief of Samuel Good, of Shen· andoah CountY.:, Va.-to the Committee on War Claims. BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. Also, a bill (H. R. 7345) for the relief of the estate of Jacob B. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials Snapp, of Shenandoah County, Va.-to the Committee on War of the fo1lowing titles were introduced, severally read twice, and Claims. referred as follows: By Mr. RAYNER: A bill (H. R. 7346) for the relief of Mary By Mr. BRANCH: A bill (H. R. 7319) to provide for the erec­ Eader-to tne Committee on Invalid Pensions. tion of a public building at Elizabeth City, N. C.-to the Com- Also, a bill (H. R. 7347) for the relief of Mary Vansant-to the mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. . Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BELKNAP: A bill (H. R. 7320) to cause to be enumer­ By Mr. SCULL: A bill (H. R. 7348) grantin&' a pension to Mary ated the names borne upon the muster rolls of the so-called Con­ L. Dibert-to the Committee on Invalid Penswns. federate armies-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. VINCENT A. TAYLOR: A bill (H. R. 7349) fo'r the By Mr. BUNTING: A bill (H. R. 7321) for the purpose of re­ relief of GeorgeS. Curtis-to the Committee on Claims. ducing the postage on certain mail matter of the second class­ Also, a bill (H. R. 7350) for the relief of Hector Barnes-to the to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Committee on Claims. By Mr. TILLMAN: A bill (H.R. 7322) to authorize and direct Also, a bill (H. R. 7351) for the relief of S. Wachner-to the the Secretary of the Treasury to pay over certain moneys to the Committee on Claims. State of South Carolina as prescribed by the act of August 30, By Mr. TAYLOR of Illinois (by request): A bill (H.R. 7352) to 1890, entitled "An act oo apply a portion of the proceeds Qf the pay John Pope Hodnett for services rendered as counsel to the public lands to the more complete endowment and support of the Government in the investigation into affairs of the DiStrict of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts es­ Columbia, acting as such counsel by or~er of a resolution of the tablished under the provisions of an act of Congress approved House of R epresen ta tives; also, for acting as counsel for the work­ July 2, 1862"-to the Committee on the Judiciary. ingmen of the District of Columbia for fifteen years last past-to By Mr. HEMPHILL (by request)'c A bill (H.R. 7323) to punish the Committee on the District of Columbia. drunkenness in the District of Columbia-to the Committee on By Mr. WATSON: A bill (H. R. 7353) to pension John P. Sny­ the District of Columbia. der-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. CUMMINGS: A resolutiQn in regard to cruelty to ani­ By Mr. WILLIAMS of Illinois: A bill (H. R. 7354) granting a mals imported into this country, and calling upon the Secretary pension to Matthew Martin-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- of State for papers in relation thereto-to the Committee on In­ sions. · · terstate and Foreign Commerce. By MJ,:. O'NEILL of Missouri (by request): A bill (H. R. 7355) grantmg a pension to Henry Schrader, Company A, Thirteenth Regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia-to the Committee- on In­ PRIVATE BILLS, ET0. valid Pensions. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following Also, a bill (H. R. 7356) for the relief of Chaaes Banzhaf-to titles were presented and referred as indicated below: the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. ATKINSON: A bill (H. R. 7324) to remove the charge Also (by request), a bill (H. R. 7357) granting a pension to of desertion against Henry H. Schrawder-to the Committee on Johanna Hunicke-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Military Affairs. By Mr. RICHARDSON: A joint resolution (H. Res. 110) au­ By Mr. BELKNAP: A bill (H. R. 7325) granting a pension to thorizing Musadora, Victoria, Ella, and Frank Wasson, of Ten­ Sarah F. Smith, an army nurse-oo the Committee on Invalid nessee, to present their claim to the Court of Claims-to the Pensions. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 7326) to correct the military record of Lewis Also, a joint resolution (H. Res. 111) authorizing John C. H. Stone, alias Samuel Brown-to the Committee on Military Sanders, administrator of B. Lillard, deceased, of Tennessee, to Affairs. present his claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 7327) granting a pension oo Sarah J. Locke­ War Claims. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill(H.R. 7328)grantingapension toEunice E. Baylis­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PETITIONS, ETC. Also, a bill (H. R. 7329) granting a pension oo Mary E. Black­ mar-Bruson, an army nurse-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and pa­ sions. pers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. BEEMAN: A bill (H. R. 7330) for the relief of Anice By Mr. ALDERSON: Petition accompanying a bill granting Rushing for property taken by the United States Army-to the a pension to Anderson Walker-to the Committee on Invalid Committee on War Claims. Pensions. · Also, a bill (H. R. 7331) for the relief of Rachel R. McMullan, By Mr. ARNOLD: Petition to accompany House bill 4776-to administratrix of Thomas J. McMullan, deceased-to the Com­ the Committee on Military Affairs. mittee on War Claims. By Mr. ATKINSON: Petitions of citizens of Huntingdon By Mr. BRANCH: A bill (H. R. 7332) granting a pension to County, Pa., praying for legislation to secure pure lard-to the Ann L. Alexander-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Ways and Means. - By Mr. CHIPMAN: A bill (H. R. 7333) granting a pension to Also, petition of citizens of Huntingdon County, Pa., in favor Jothan W. Maes-oo the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the Paddock pure-food bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. CULBERSON (by request): A bill (H. R. 7334)for the By Mr. BAILEY: Petition of E. Golden and others, of Cedal relief of Greenberry T. Smith, deceased-to the Committee on Mills, Tex., praying for the passage of the antioption bill-to the Pensions. Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. ENLOE: A bill (H. R. 7335) for the relief of the board By Mr. BARWIG: Memorial and protest against the repeal of trustees of the Memphis Conference Female Institute of Jack­ of duty on barley from citizens of Fond duLac County, Wis.­ son, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also a bill (H. R. 7336) for the relief of Cullen C. Argo-to the By Mr. BELKNAP: Petition of citizens of Otisco, Ionia Committee1 on Military Affairs. County, Mich., relating to farm products-to the Committee on By Mr. :.b.,UNSTON: A bill (H. R. 7337) for the relief of Wil­ Agriculture. · liam Fletcher-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, petition of citizens of Grand Haven, Mich., for an amend­ Also, a bill (H. R. 7338) for the relief of Hugh Cameron-to ment to the Constitution-to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Arkansas: Petition of 8 citizens By Mr. GOODNIGHT: A bill (H. R. 7339) for the relief of D. of Beebe, Ark., in favor of a constitutional amendment against D. Duncan-to the Committee on War Claims. the establishment of any form of religion, etc.-to the Commit­ By Mr. GROUT: A bill (H. R. 7340) to pension Caroline Per­ tee on the Judiciary. kins, step mother of James C. Perkins, Company A, Ninth Ver By Mr. BRUNNER: Petition of Grange No. 1036, of Pennsyl­ mont Volunteers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. vania, to encourage silk cultura and t~ prevent gambling in farm By Mr. KYLE: A bill (H, R. 7341) for the relief of Charles 0. products-to the Committee on Agriculture. Spencer, of Tippah County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Also, petition of the same body, favoring a pure-lard bill-to Claims. the Committee on Ways and Means. 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2177

Also, petition of the same body, in favor of free delivery of By Mr. CRAIN of Texas: Petition of citizens of Encinal County, rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-R.oads. Tex., for regulation of speculation in fictitious farm products­ Also, petition of the same body, about legal-tender currency­ to the Committe ~ on Agriculture. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. By Mr. CROSBY: Resolution of Boston Chamber of Com­ By Mr. BRYAN: Petition to accompany House bill 6197-to merce, relative to providing for additional light-range beacons the Committee on Military Affairs. for Boston Harbor-to the Committee on Inter state and Foreign By Mr. BURROWS: Petition of Grange No. 60 of Michig-an, Commerce. about pure lard, silk culture, and gambling in farm products­ By Mr. CUMMINGS: Petition to go with House bill6182-to to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, petition of the same body, about pure food-to the Com­ Also, t>apers rela.ting to the pay and retirement of mates in the mittee on Agriculture. Navy-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, petition of the same body, about free delivery of rural By Mr. DALZELL: Petition of L escallette Council, No. 442, mail-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Junior Order of United American Mechanics, in favor of an Also, petition of the same body, about legal-tender currency­ amendment to the naturalization laws-to the Committee on the to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. J udiciary. _ By Mr. BUSEY: Pet.ition of Wideawake Grange, encouraging By Mr. DE ARMOND (by request ): Petition of Robert ·Moore, silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and_the adul­ to a-ccompany House bill4058-to the Committee on War Claims. teration of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agriculture. Also, petition of Joseph L. Bell and other citizens of Bates Also, petition of the same body, for free delivery of rural County, Mo., in favor ofthe Hatch antioption bill-to the Com­ mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. mittee on Agriculture. Also, petition of the same body, for a pure-lard law-to the By Mr. DIXON: Petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ Committee on Ways and Means. ance Union o1 Montana. against the opening of any exposition on By Mr. CAMINETTI: Petition of citizens of Murphys, Cala­ Sunday-to the Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. veras County, Cal., in favor of an appropriation for the_Colum­ By Mr. DOCKERY: Petition of citizens of Harrison County, bian Exposition and the observance of the Sabbath, etc.-to the Mo., asking for the passage of a bill to pension the Missouri Pro­ Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. visional Militia-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. - - Also, petition of the Board of Trade of San Francisco, Cal., in By Mr. DOLLIVER: Petition of citizens o_f B~one, Iowa, in re­ favor of the resumption of hydraulic mining-to the Committee gard to a sixteenth amendment of the ConstitutiOn-to the Com­ on Mines and Mining. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CAPEHART: Evidence to accompany House bill5290- By Mr. DUNGAN: Petition of Westland Grange, encouraging to the Committee on War Claims. · silk culture and to prevent gambling in farm products-t:> the Also, claim of Col. William Price for invalid pension-to the Committee on Agriculture. Committee on Military Affairs. Also, petition of the same body, extending free delivery of By Mr. CLOVER: Memorial to accompany House bill6595, in­ rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. troduced by request of Col. Percy Daniels, of Girard, Kans.-to Also, petition of the same body, prohibiting contracts-discred­ the Committee on Revision of the Laws. ' iting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking and By Mr. COBURN: Petitionof SpartaGrange, top~eventgam­ Currency. bling in farm products, and the adultel!ation of food and drugs­ Also, petition of the same b)dy, for a pnre-lard law-to the to the Committee on Agriculture. Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of the same body, for free delivery of rural Also, petition of Daniel Crumley and 23 citizens of Fairfield mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. County, Ohio, t9 prevent gambling in farm products-to the By Mr. COGSWELL: Petition of Grange No.161 of Massa­ Committee on Agriculture. chusetts, about pure food, pure lard, and gambling in farm prod­ By Mr. DURBOROW: Petition of W.G. Ballantine and others, ucts-to the Committee on Agriculture. in reference to C3rtain changes in spelling-to the Committ~e on Also, petition of the same body, about legal-tender currency­ Education. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. By Mr . ELLIOTT: Petition of citizens of Hilton Head, S.C., Also, petition of the same body, about free rural mails-to the for a. duty on imported cotton-to the Committee on Ways and Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Means. Also, petition of Grange No. 154, about pure.food, pure lard, By Mr. ENLOE: Two petitions of Rev. E. R. Plumer, W. E. and gambling in farm products-to the Committee' on Agricul- Curtis, and othere, against opening the World's Fair on Sun­ ture. - day-to the Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. Also, petition of the same body, in regard to free delivery of By Mr. ENOCHS: Petition of Fra'1k Weaver and 68 othe1•s of ruralmail-to theCommittee on the Post-Office and-Post-Roads. Meigs County, praying for the passage of House bill 401, to fur­ Also, petit!o.n of the same body, about silk culture-t.o the Com­ ther restrict immigration-to the Select Committee on Immi­ mittee on Agriculture. gration and Naturalization. Also, petition of West Newberry Grange, No. 146, about pure Also, petition of Millford F. Wolf and 31 others, residents of food, pure lard, gambling in farm products, and silk culture-to Racine, Ohio, praying for the pas5age of House bill 401, to re­ the Committee on Agriculture. - strict immigration to this country-to the Select Committee on Also, petition of the same body, about legal-tender currency­ Immigration and Naturalization. to the Committee on Banking and Currency. By Mr. FLICK: Petition of Grange No. 883, of Iowa, against Also, petition of the same body, about free delivery of rural gambling in options and futures-to the Committee on Agricul­ mail-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ture. Also, pstition of citizens of the Seventh Congressional district By Mr. FORNEY: Petition foe the relief of Benjamin E. of Massachusetts, for restriction of immigration-to the Select Moody, of St. Clair County, Ala.-to the Committee on War Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Claims. By Mr. COOMBS: Petition of steamship owners and mer­ By Mr. GILLESPIE: Petition of citizens of Lawrence County, chants for the establishment of a telegraph line on V j rginia Beach asking for the passage of House bill 401, restricting immigra­ from Cape Charles north to Assateague-to the Committe"' on tion-t-O the Select Committee on Immigration and Naturaliza­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tion. By Mr. COVERT: Petition of Jno. M. Kupton and others for By Mr. GHOUT: Petition of W. R. Baldwin, of Saxtons River, the improvement of Mattituck Bay-to the Committee on Rivers Vermont, and others, in favor of a constitutional amendment and Harbors. prohibiting laws that favor sectarianism-to the Committee on By Mr. CRAIG of Pennsylvania: Resolutions of Point Marion the Judiciary. Council, No. 50, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Also, petition in favor of granting a pension to Caroline Per­ Pennsylvania, in favor of amending our naturaliZation laws as kins, stepmother of J.P. Perkins, of Company A, Ninth Ver­ agreed upon by the Judiciary Committee of the House of Repre­ mont Volunteers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sentatives-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of L.A. Jackson and 20 others of Milton, Vt., Also, resolution of Greensboro Council, No. 355, Junior Order for pure food-to the Committee on Agriculture. United American Mechanics, representing 120 citizens, in favor Also, affidavit of Dr. Holden, to accompany House bill 3892- of amending our naturalization laws as agreed on by the Judi­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ciary Committee of the House of Representatives-to the Select Also, petition of Industrial, Vernon, and Farmers' Granges, en­ Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. com·aging silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, Also, petitions of Point Marion and Morris, of Fayette and to prevent adulteration of food and drugs, and for a pm·e-lard Green Counties, Pa., in favor of the Stone immigration bill law-to the Committee on Agriculture. amending our naturalization laws-to the Select Committee on Also, petition of the same bodies, extending fre.e delivery of ru­ Immigration and Naturalization. ral mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. XXIII-137 2178 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. MARCH 17,

Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ land, Pa., and vicinity, against selling intoxicating liquors at crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking the World's Fair and against opening the fair on Sunday-to the I_ and Currency. Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. By Mr. HALLOWELL: Petition of 112citizens of Bristol, Pa., Also, -petition of Grange No. 979, about gamblinginfarmprod­ in favor of passage of Senate bill 254, extending privileges of the ucts, silk culture, and adulteration of food and drugs-to the free delivery of mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Committee on Agriculture. Post-Roads. Also, petition of the same body, about free delivery of rural By Mr. HARMER: Memorial of American Defense Associa­ mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. tion, protesting against landing upon our shores immigrants dan­ Also, petition of the same body, defining lard, etc.-to the gerous to .free institutions, and in favor of amending the immi­ Committee on Ways and Means. gration laws-to the Select Committee on Immigration and Nat- Also, petition for the passage of House bill401-to the Select uralization. · Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. HARTER (by request): Petition of A. N. Shriever and Also, petitionsofFairviewandSeigfreids Granges, encouraging others, in favor or what is known as the option bill, introduced silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and to pre­ by Mr. Butterworth-to the Committee on Agriculture. vent adulteration of pure food-to the Committee on Agriculture. Also (by request), petition of John F. Hartman and others, of Also, petitions of the same bodies, extending free delivery of Shelby, Ohio, for free coinage-to the Committee on Coinage, rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. W eights, and Measures. Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ Also (by request), petition of citizens of Morrow County, for crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on the Ju- the passage of the Hatch-Washburn bill-to the Committee on diciary. . Agriculture. · Also, petition of the same bodies, for a pure-lard law-to the Also, petition of Franklin Grange, encouraging silk culture, Committee on Ways and Means. to prevent gambling in farm products~ to the Committee on Ag­ By Mr. OWENS: Petition of Pleasant Valley Grange, for free l'iculture. delivery of rural mails-to the Committeeon the Post-Office and ·Also, petition of the same body, for pure-lard law~to the Com­ Post-Roads. mittee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of Eureka Grange, to prohibit contracts discred­ Also, petition of Halle Grange, encouraging silk culture, to iting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking and prevent gambling in farm products-to the Committee on Agri­ Currency. culture. Also, petition of Eureka Grange, for free delivery of rural Also, petition of the same body, extending free delivery of ru­ mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ral mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of Eureka Grange, for pure lard-to the Com­ Also, petition of the same body, prohibiting contracts discred­ mittee on Ways and Means. iting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking and Also, petition of Eureka Grange, to prevent gambling in farm Currency. products-to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. HAYES of Iowa: Memorial of Chicago for a national Also, petition of Eureka Grange, for silk culture-to the Com­ alphabet-to the Committee on Education. mittee on Agriculture. Ey Mr. HEARD: Petition of George Graham, to accompany Also, petition of Pleasant Valley Grange, against gambling in House bill 7308-to the Committee on War Claims. farm products-to the Committee on A~riculture. By Mr. HOAR: Statement of facts to accompany House bill By Mr. PATTON (by request): PetitiOn of citizens of Indiana, 4775-to the Committee on Claims. against the enactment of a general bankruptlaw, giving reasons By Mr. KYLE: Petition of the Woman's Christian Temper­ therefor-to the Committee on the Judiciary. ance Union, of Mississippi, protesting against opening any expo­ By Mr. PEARSON: Petition of Grange 1087,of Ohio, about sition on Sunday when any United States funds are used-to the gambling in farm products, pure lard, and silk culture-to the Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. LONG: Petition of T. J. Kendrick and 22 others, of Also, petition of the same body, about free delivery of rural Robertson County, Tex., favoring option bill-to the Committee mail-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. on Agriculture. Also, petition of same body, about legal-tender currency-to By Mr. McCLELLAN: Petition of Blue River, Sugar, Green­ the Committee on Banking and Currency. field, and Thorn Creek Granges, encouraging silk culture, to By.Mr. PICKLER: Petition of 40citizensof Moody County, S. prevent gambling in farm products, and to prevent adulteration Dak., against the repeal of the tariff on barley-to the Commit­ of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agriculture. tee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of the same bodies, for pure-lard law-to the Com­ Also, petition of citizens of Campbell County, for the improve­ mittee on Ways and Means. ment of the Upper Missouri River-to the Committee on Rivers By Mr. McKAIG: Petition of citizens of Lonaconing, Alle­ and Harbors. ghany County, Md., in favor of the passage of House bill401, en­ Also, petition of 47 citizens of Hyde County, S.Dak., asking titled" An act in amendment to the various acts relative to im­ the passage of a bill to allow timber-culture claimants to make migration "~to the Select Committee on Immigration and Nat­ final proof as homestead claimants-to the Committee on Ways uralization. and Means. By Mr. MARTIN: Remonstrance of citizens of the Eleventh Also, petition of 30 citizens of Cambria, Brown County, S. Dak., Congressionaldistrict of Indiana, against opening the World's in favorof the antioption bill-to theCommitteeonAgriculture. Fair on Sunday-to the Select Committee on the Colu~bian Ex­ Also, 5 petitions from places as follows: 40 citizens of Winfred, position. S.Dak., 130 citizens of Sanborn, 30 citizens of Lake County, 30 Also, petition of Liberty and Recovery Granges, encouraging citizens of Moody, and 50 citizens of W entworth, all against the silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and to pre­ repeal of the tariff on lJarley-to the Committee on Ways and vent the adulteration of food and drugs-to the Committee on Means. Agriculture. Also, petition of 100 citizens of South Dakota, in favor of a six· Also, petition of the same bodies, extending free delivery of teenth amendment preventing the establishment of any form o1 rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. religion-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ Also, petition of citizens of Campbell County, S. Dak.-to the crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking Committee on Agriculture. and Currency. Also, petition of 15 citizens of Kingsbury County, S. Dak., in Also, petition of the same bodies, for a pure-lard law-to the favor of the antioption bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. POST: Petition of Center Prairie, Alta, and South By Mr. MILLIKEN: Petition to accompany House bill 6579- Fiatt Granges, to prevent gambling in farm :products and the to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. adulteration of food and drugs-to the Comm1ttee on Agricul­ By Mr. MITCHELL: Resolutions of the Chamber of Com­ ture. merce of Milwaukee, favoring an amendment to the interstate Also, petition of the same bodies, extending free delivery of and foreign commerce law which will secure uniform bills of rural mails-to the Committee on the PostrOffice and PostrRoads. lading for all shippers-to the Committee on Interstate and For­ Also, petition of the. same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ eign Commerce. crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking Also, petition to accompany House bill4224--to the Committee and Currency. on Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of the same bodies, for a pure-lard law-to the Also, petition of the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce, urging Committee on Ways and Means. completion of Nicaragua Canal-to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. RAINES: Petition of Van Dusen Reed to make appli­ and Foreign Commerce. cation to the Commissioner of Patents for the extension of letters By Mr. MUTCHLER: Remonstrance of 382 citizens of Port- patent for firehouse-to the Committee on Patents. 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2179

By Mr. RANDALL: Resolutions of Fall River (Mass.) Board of By Mr. WARNER: Petition of Alexander Watts, for an hon­ Trade, praying for the passage of House bill 5030--to the Com­ orable discharge, to accompany House bill 2448-to the Commit- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. tee on Military Affairs. _ By Mr. ROCKWELL: Petitionof W. T.Clementand290other By Mr. WARWICK: Petition of citizens of Burbank, Wayne professors and students of Cornell University, for a constitutional County, Ohio, favoring the restriction of immigration-to the amendment prohibiting any law res~ecting establishment of any Select Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. form of religion, etc.-to the Comm1ttee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WHEELER of Michigan: Two petitions of Fraternal By Mr. ROBINSON of Pennsylvania: Petition of citizens of Grange, No. 406, of Michigan, one for pure lard and the other Chester County, Pa., in favorof Senate bill254-to the Commit­ to prevent gambling in farm products-to the Committee on Ag­ tee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. riculture. By Mr. SCULL: Twomemorialsofcitizensof SomersetCounty, Also, petition of the same body, for pure lard-to the Com­ Pa., in favor of amendment o immigration laws-to the Select mittee on Ways and Means. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Also, petition of the same body, for free delivery of mails-to By Mr. SHONK: Petition of Lake Grange, encouraging silk the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and to prevent Also, petition of the same body, to prohibit contracts discred­ adulteration of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agricul­ iting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking and ture. Currency. Also, petition of the same body, extending free delivery of Also, petition of Eastport and Forest Granges, encouraging silk rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and the adultera­ Also, petition of the same body, prohibiting contracts discred­ tion of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agriculture. ing legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking and Also, petition of the same bodies, extending free delivery of Currency. rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ Also petition of the same body, for a pure-lard law-to the Roads. Comm1ttee1 on Ways and Means. Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ By Mr. SllviPSON: Petition of postmasters of Garfield County, crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking Kans., in regard to compensation-to the Committee on the Post­ and Currency. Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of the same bodies, for a pure-lard law-to the Also, petition of the National Woman's Chrj.stian Temper­ Committee on Ways and Means. ance Union of Kansas, in regard to Sunday closing of the Expo­ By Mr. WHITE: Petition of citizens of Grinnell, Iowa, pray­ sition-to the Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. - ing for the passage of the antioption bill-to the Committee on Also, two petitions in regard to gambling in farm products­ Agriculture. to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. WILLIAMS of lllinoi.s: Paper of Jesse Cleaveland, Also, petition in regard to coinage of gold and silver-to the showing service, to accompany House bill2493-to the Commit­ Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. tee on Pensions. Also, petition about Chinese immi~ation-to the Select Com­ By Mr. WILSON of Missouri: Petition of citizensof Atchison mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. ToWn.ship, NodawayCounty!Mo., in favor of theantioption bill­ By Mr. SNOW: Three petitions of Iroquois County, ill., and to the Committee on Agriculture. one of Livingston, against the antioption bills-to the Commit­ By Mr. WILSON of Washington: Petition of 23 citizens of tee on Agriculture. Crab Creek, Lincoln County, Wash., for the passage of a bi:ll By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of sundry persons, relating to a defining options-to the Committee on Agriculture. constitutional f\Illendment-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of 64 citz.ens of said State, for the passage of a By Mr. STONE of Kentucky: Petition to accompany House bill restricting Chinese immigration-to the Committee on For­ bill4237-t<> the Committee on War Claims. eign Affairs. By Mr. WILLIAM A. STONE: Papers to accompany House Also, petition of 32 citizens of Klickitat County, for the pas­ bill 2129 for the relief of Capt. W. J. Kountez-to the Committee sage of the Conger lard bill-to the Committee on Ways and on Claims. Means. Also, petition of Third United Presbyterian Congregation of Also, petition of certain citizens of the State of Washington, Allegheny, Pa., asking that the World's Fair be closed on Sun­ for free deli very of rural mails-to the Committee on Agriculture. day, that liquor be not sold, and that the art department be Also, petition of keeper and surfmen atSchoolwater Bay, for managed to accord with the American standard of art-to the increase of compensation-to the SelectCommitteeon Interstate Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. and Foreign Commerce. Also, petitionfor the passage of House bill401, restricting im­ Also, memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of the city of migration-to the Select Committee on Immigration and Natu­ Port Townsend, Wash., in reference to the Bering Sea seal fish­ ralization. eries-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Also, memorial of the Junior Order United American Me­ Also, petition of Washington, Bear Prairie, Pleasant Hill, chanics, at Natrona, asking for the passage of a law amending Washongoe, St. Johns, and Number Six Granges, encouraging the naturalization laws-:-to the Select Committee on Immigra­ silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and the adul­ tion and Naturalization. teration of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. STOUT: Petition of Flushing Grange, topreventgam­ Also, petition of the same bodies, extending free delivery of bling in farm products and the adulteration of food and drugs­ rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. to the Committee on Agriculture. Also, petition of the same bodies, for pure-lard law-to the Also, petition of the same body, extending free de}.ivery of rural Committee on Ways and Means. mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. WISE: Petition to accompany House bill7201-to the Also, petition of the same body, asking for a pure-lard law-to Committee on Ways and Means. the Conimittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. WOLVERTON: Petition of Daniel Grange, No. 57, of By Mr. STUMP: Petition of Centennial and Springville Pennsylvania, in favor of law prohibiting gambling in farm prod­ Granges, encouraging silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm ucts-to the Committee on Agriculture. products-to the Committee on Agriculture. .Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 1040, of Pennsylvania, Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ in favor of a law prohibiting contracts discrediting legal-tender crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking currency-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. and Currency. Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 1040, of Pennsylvania, Also, petition of the same bodies, for a pure-lard law-to the in favor of a law preventing gambling in farm products-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee: Papers to accompany House Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 1040, of Pennsylvania, bill 7161-to the Committee on Military Affairs. in favor of a law encouraging silk culture-to the Committee on By Mr. TOWNSEND: Petition of citizens of Morgan County, Agriculture. Colo., in favor of antioption bills-to the Committee on Agricul­ Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 1040, of Pennsylvania, ture. in favor of a law to prevent the adulteration of food-to the Com­ Also, resolution of the Chamber of Commerce and Board of mittee on Agriculture. Trade of Denver, Colo., in favor of postal telegraph system ad­ Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 104:0. of Pennsylvania, vocated by Postmaster-General-to the Committee on the Post- in favor of free delivery of rural mails-to the Committee on the Office and Post-Roads. , Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, remonstrances of 49 citizens of iliff, Colo., and 56 citi­ Also, petition of Sunbury Grange, No. 1040, of Pennsylvania, zens of Yuma, Colo., against ceding any lands to States-to the in favor of House bill 395, defining lard and imposing a tax Select Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands in the United thereon-to the Committee on Ways and Means. States. Also, petition of Fort Augusta, Benton, and Sugarloaf Granges, , 2180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 18, encouraging silk culture and to prevent gambling in farm prod­ of religion, etc.; which was referred to the Committee on the 'lcts-to the Committee on Agriculture. .T udiciary. Also, petition of the same bodies, extending free delivery of He also pres?nted a petition of the Alliance and Industrial rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roacls. Union of Franklin County, Ohio, praying for the passage of the Also, petition of the same bodies, prohibiting contracts dis­ antioption bill; which was referred to the Committee on the crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking Judiciary. and Currency. He also prese.nted the following petitions of Elm Grove, Sugar Also, petition of the same bodies, for pure-lard law-to the Creek, Fidelity, Union, Milan, Live Oak, St. Joseph, and Antrim Committee on Ways and Means. · Granges, Patrons of Husbandry, of Ohio: By Mr. WRIGHT: Memorial of Grange No. 738, of Pennsyl­ Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ vania, in favor of a ptu'o-lard bill-to the Committee on Ways couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag­ and Means. riculture and Forestry. Also, petition of Reaper Grange, encouraging silk culture and Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent to prevent the adulteration of food and drugs-to the Committee g·ambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. on Agriculture. Petitions praying for the passage of House bill395, defining' Also, petition of the same body, extending free delivery or lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Petitions praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ Also, petition of the same body, prohibiting contracts dis­ tricts-referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post­ crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking Roads. and Cm'rency. Petitions praying for the passage of a bill making certain issues Also, petition of same body, for pure-lard law-to the Com­ of money full legal tender in payment of all debts-to the Com­ mittee on Ways and Means. mittee on Finance. By Mr. YOUMANS: Petition of Keystone Grange, encourag­ Mr. CULLOM. I present a memorial signed by quite a large ing silk culture, to prevent gambling in farm products, and the number of manufacturers of clothing, citizens of Chicago, Ill., adulteration of food and drugs-to the Committee on Agri­ remonstrating very earnestly against the passage of the bill to culture. prevent the manufacture of clothing in unhealthy places and the Also, petition of the same body, extending free delivery of sale of clothing so manufactured. I desire to call the attention rural mails-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. of the committee having that bill in charge to the fact that, as Also, p3tition of the same body, prohibiting contracts dis­ alleged in the memorial, the sanitary condition of the houses crediting legal-tender currency-to the Committee on Banking where clothing is manufactured is under the control of the local and Currency. police, and that there is no evidence that any clothing which Also, a petition of the same body, for pure-lard law-to the ever went out of such establishments has done injury to anybody Committee on Ways and Means. anywhere. I move that the memorial be referred to the Com: mittee on Education and Labor. The motion was agreed to . . 1r. CULLOM presented four memorials of sundry citizens of SENATE. Oregon, r amonstrating against the legalization of the liquor FRIDAY, Jlarch 18, 1892. traffic in Alaska; which were referred to the Committee on Ter­ ritories. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. He also presented a petition of the First Baptist, the Evangel­ The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. ical, and the Congregational Churches of Plainfield, Ill., pray- EULOGIES O:N THE LATE SENATOR HEARST. in.g for the closing of the World's Columbian Fair on Sunday; Mr. STANFORD. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that which was referred to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial on next 'fhursday, at 3 o'clock, I shall ask the Senate to consider (Select). 1~esolutionscommemorative of the life, character, and public serv- He also presented a petition o! the Brainard District Medical ices of my late colleague, Senatot' Geqrge Hearst. Society, of Illinois, praying for the passage of a bill providing for t,he appointment of a secretary of public health, to be a PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Cabinet officer· which was referred to the Committee on Epi- The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore presented a communication from demic Diseases. the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from the Major-Gen- He also presented a memorial of the First Presbyterian eral commanding the Army, together with the accompanying pe- Church of Portland, Oregon, remonstrating against the legisla­ : tition to Congress, signed by manyprominentofficersof the Army, tion of the liquor traffic ·in Alaska· which was referred to the praying for the repeal of section 16 chapter 294, o! the Army Committee on Territories. appropriation act approved July 15, 1870, providing that no offi- He also presented the following petitions of Pomona Grange, cer shall be entitled to weat· while on duty any uniform other Patt·ons of Husbandry, of Illinois: than that of his actual rank on account of having been brevetted, Petition praying for the enactment of legislation for the en­ etc.; which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, couragement of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Ag- and, with the accompanying papers, ordered to be printed. riculture and Forestry. · He also presented a petition of the Philadelphia (Pa.) Confer- Petition praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul- ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, praying Congress to teration of food and drugs-ordered to lie on the table. secure in some way the American Sabbath, so that the laws of Petition praying for the free delivery of mails in rural dis­ God and nearly all the States of the nation may be respected at tricts-refer1·ed to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893; which was referred Mr.DAWESpresentedapetitionoftheBoston (Mass.)Chamber to the Committee on the. Quadro-Centennial (Select). of Commerce, praying for the establishment of five lighted range Mr. SHERMAl~ presented a memorial of the manufacturers beacons in Boston Harbor for the better protection of commerce; of clothing and wearing apparel of Cincinnati, Ohio, remonstrat- which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. ing against the passage of the bill to prevent the manufacture of He also presented the petition of C. F. Smith, and ot.her citizens clothing in unhealthy places and the sale of clothing so manu- of Adams, ~ass., praying for the free delivery of mails in rural factured; ·which was referred to the Committee on Education and districts; which was refened to the Committee on Post-Offices Labor. and Post-Roads. He also presented a petition of Buckeye As embly, No. 24-U, He also presented the following petitions of Montague and Knights of Labor, of Zanesville, Ohio, praying for the passage West Newbury Granges Patrons of Husbandry, of 1\fassachu­ of Senate bill1705, relating to the manufacture of clothing; which- -setts: was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. Petition praying for the enactment of legislation for the en· He also presented a petition of the Methodist Episcopal con- couragemant of silk culture-referred to the Committee on Agri· g·regation of Fulton County, Ohio, praying for the closing of the culture and Forestry. World's Columbian Exposition on Sunday; which was referred Petitions praying for the enactment of legislation to prevent to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial (Select). g-ambling in farm products-to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented a memorial of 24 vessel-owners of Toledo, Petitions praying for the passage of House bill 395, defining Ohio, remonstrating against the passage of Senate bill1755 rel- lard and imposing a tax thereon-ordered to lie on the table. ative to the carrying into effect of certain recommendations of Petitions praying for the passage of a bill to prevent the adul- the International Maritime Conference; which was r eferred to teration of food and drugs- ordered to lie on the table. the Committee on Commerce. Petitions praying for · the free delivery of mails in rural dis- He also presenteCt a petition of 21 citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio, tricts-referred to the Committee en Post-Offices and Post-Roads. praying !or the adoption of a constitutional amendment prohib- Mr. WOLCOTT presented a petition of the Silver League, of iting any State from passing laws respecting an establishment Georgetown, Colo.; a petition of the Silver Club, of Lawsonr