Facts About Welsh Factors. Welshmen As Factors. the Successful Prize
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES : L FACTS ABOUT WELSH FACTORS. "Y GWIR YN / I \ ERMYN Y BYD.' WELSHMEN AS FACTORS. THE SUCCESSFUL PRIZE ESSAY AT THE International Eisteddfod OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIA EXPOSITION, CHICAGO, 1893. By "WILLIAM PENN." "Sifting the dust of the remote past, and questioning every tradi- tional source for anything pertaining to the personal history, thoughts and deeds of those who in any way contributed to build up the fair fabric of our national civilization and liberties." Dr.J. L. Bishop. "As a Welshman I feel it a pleasure to find historic evidence of the patriotism and public services of Welshmen." Rev. B. W. Chidlau\ D. D. UTICA, N. Y. PRESS OF THOMAS J. GRIFFITHS. 1899. BENJAMIN HUGHES. THE AUTHOR HAS THE PLEAS- URE AND THE HONOR OF DEDICATING THIS WORK TO HIS LIFE- LONG ACQUAINTANCE AND FRIEND, B. HUGHES, ESQ., SCRANTON, PA., THAN WHOM FEW WELSHMEN ARE MORE HIGH- LY AND DESERVED- LY ESTEEM- ED. 522124 UBRABX CONTENTS. PAGE. Contents and Preface. - i- 6 PART FIRST. Introduction, - 9-14 FORMATION PERIOD UP TO 1789. CHAPTER I. Work of Early Welsh Settlers, 15-88 CHAPTER II. Factors of Special Forcefulness, 98-102 CHAPTER III. Welshmen as "Signers," 121-132 CHAPTER IV. Factors in the Revolutionary War, - - 133-156 CHAPTER V. A Marked Feature The Old in the New, 157-161 CHAPTER VI. Welshmen in Special Services, 162-169 CONTENTS. PART SECOND. DEVELOPMENT PERIOD, 1789 ONWARD. PAGE. OUR BRIDGE OF HISTORY CONCERNING WELSHMEN AS FACTORS, 176 FIRST SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1789-1807, 176-189 SECOND SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1801-1825, - 190-215 THIRD SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1825-1841, . 217-244 FOURTH SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1841-1881, 245-318 FIFTH SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1881-1888, 3IQ-354 SIXTH SPAN OF BRIDGE, 1888-1893, - - 355-396 APPENDICES. A. Welshmen and Welsh Names, 397 B. Ancient Leges Wallactae, 400 C. Welsh Reading, 401 D. The Welsh in Coal Industry, 402 E. Postal Service Records, - - 403 F. Certain Evanses, - - 404 G. Our Portrait Gallery, 406-424 PREFACE. adjudicators"of this essay were Hon. Thomas L. James, THEex-Postmaster General, and Rev. W. C. Roberts, D. D., LL. D., of New York City. Dr. Roberts has since removed. An extract or two from the published adjudication may inter- est the reader. Essay "Welshmen as Civil, Political and Moral Factors in the formation and development of the United States Repub- lic" (In English). "The committee appointed by the Grand International Eis- teddfod of the World's Fair for the adjudication of essays on the above subject, would respectfully report, That the committee without the slightest suspicion of the identity of the writers, have read them with care, considered the merits of each and compared the two in the light of logical analysis, industry in collecting materials, honesty in the pre- sentation of facts, skill in historical and biographical writing, and in the mastery of good English composition." " " The competitors were Cambro-American and "William " Penn Rev. W. R. Evans, Gallia Furnace, Ohio, alias "Cam- bro-American," published his essay, as he says "By the recom- mendation of the learned adjudicators." For this work he found a ready market, and the adjudication pronounced it "a very creditable piece of composition, showing wide research, considerable acquaintance with certain departments of history." Of this work now offered to the public the adjudicators say : "The essay by 'William Penn' is a masterly piece of com- position, a treasure of valuable information, regarding Cambro Americans, and a real biographical encyclopedia of Welshmen, who have been factors in the formation and development of this country. The analysis is excellent. It is divided into two great historical periods recognized at once as having a well de- 4 PREFA CK. fined autonomy of their own. The first period extends from the settlement of the country to the adoption of the Federal * * * Constitution." "The second historical period extends from the adoption of the Federal Constitution to the present * * * time." "To fill up his analysis, the writer has used great industry, and downright devotion to the gathering of fresh and heretofore unfamiliar facts. He found access to archives not often frequented, and to books very rarely con- sulted. He has taken care to test his facts and to put them before the reader with skill and force." These gentlemen were pleased to add : "They would here recommend that the essay be printed un- der the supervision of the author, believing that it will prove a valuable contribution to Welsh literature. The demand for the book ought to be sufficiently great to bring a large amount of funds into the treasury of the Eisteddfod." " Had this suggestion been followed the Cymrodorion Society" of Chicago would not have realized the predicted en- richment of their treasury, for a terrible panic set in soon after the World's Fair. My fellow competitor went to press in 1894, and in October of that year wrote me thus: "It is a pity that your production is not published. If I had seen any move- ment in that direction I would not have published mine." After some delay the above named society voted the return of "the prize M.S. S.," both in prose and poetry, to their sev- " eral authors, ' trusting that they will be published. Accord- ingly the worthy Secretary of the International Eisteddfod " forwarded me this essay with condition." Furthermore, "William Penn" received a letter from Hon. Samuel Job, Pres- ident of the Executive Committee of this Eisteddfod, and President of its Board of Directors, saying: "I most heartily endorse the idea of returning your essay, especially as this will * * * hasten its publication. Your essay was pronounced to be one of the ablest productions of the great International Eisteddfod. It will have a very large sale." The author has waited long, but now feels constrained to publish this essay. Want of leisure, with the prevalence of our "hard times," con- PREFACE. 5 stitute the reasons for past delay. After more than five years' waiting, the author is at liberty, and "better times" are at hand. Meanwhile, diligent use of spare moments, and added opportunities for research, and a personal survey of historic spots of great interest, have served to enhance the worth of this essay. In its present form not only has it carried out the sug- gestions of the Adjudicators, but incorporated new matter and "up to date" items not found in the original M.S., of which the editor of the Minersville "Free Press" volunteers the re. mark, "A most able production, that will be prized especially by Welshmen wlierever found." At that time the author was a resident of Minersville, Schuylkill County, Pa., and the "Free Press" added: "When Ivor Jones received a Chicago paper announcing that a $600 prize had been awarded 'William Penn,' the wel- come news soon spread, and Mr. Edwards has been receiving the most hearty congratulations of all our people on winning the largest prize given to any individual competitor at the World's Fair International Eisteddfod last week." To readers who read Welsh, the following lines of the late leuan Ddu, i. e.. Rev. J. P. Harris, Nanticoke, Pa., published in the "Drych" soon after the Eisteddfod, will not be unwel- come: "Aeth Eben a phen y Ffair da ei waith Diw}-d a digellwair; Cerbyd, esmwyth gryd, sy'n grair* Yn gydwerth a dwy gadair. Yn dSl y tri chan' dolar--ddyfarnodd Y ddau feirniaid treiddgar Udgorn yw'r traethawd gwladgar Hanes by w am oesau bar.+ Another Welshman writes to the "Drych" in December, 1893: "Enillodd y Parch. Ebenezer Edwards o Minersville, Pa., wbbr o $600 (rhwng y cash a'r cerbyd) am draethawd ar fater hynod o ddyddorol a phwysig i'r genedl, a chyda chamol- * Confirmation as "Haw grair," striking the hand to confirm a bargain. t "Bar" conflict or impulse. 6 PREFACE. " iaeth uwch nag a roddwyd i'r un buddugwr yn yr Eisteddfod The cash was the gift of Mrs. W. H. Jones, Evanston Ill- inois, the buggy donated by Messrs. Mitchell & Lewis of Racine, Wisconsin. This generous giving should be credited with whatever value may arise from the essays now published and offered to the public. Rev. W. Ceredig 'Davies, now of Catasauqua, wrote to the "Drych," November, 1897, of the "William Penn" essay: "Buasai yn ddymunol iawn gan ei lu cyfeillion, fel fi fy hun, pe bae yr arch-draethodwr hwn yn dwyn allan gyfrol ddestlus yn cynwys ei draethawd buddugol yn Eisteddfod Ffair y Byd, cyn myned o'r awdwr i ffordd yr holl ddaear." AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: E. EDWARDS, 636 TILGHMAN STREET, ALLENTOWN, PA. WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, D. D., LL. D. PART L FORMATION. of "As I take it, universal History, the history what man has accomplished in this world is, at bottom, the history of the great men who have worked here. They were the leaders of men, these great ones, the modelers, patterns, and in a wide sense creators of whatsoever the general mass of men contriv- ed to do or attain. All things that we see standing accom- plished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realization and embodyment of thought that dwelt in the great men sent into the world. The soul of the whole world's history, it may justly be considered was the history of these." Thomas Carlyle. "A people who take no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be re- membered with pride by remote descendants," Lord Macaulay. INTRODUCTION. "We are a nation of emigrants, springing from an ancestry of are not adventurers we build homes exiles.