26. Babylon Comparative Mesopotamian Cities
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
VU Research Portal
VU Research Portal The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon Pirngruber, R. 2012 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Pirngruber, R. (2012). The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon: in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 - 140 B.C. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. R. Pirngruber VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. -
Republic of Iraq
Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement -
Antiochus I Soter
Antiochus I Soter home : ancient Persia : ancient Greece : Seleucids : index : article by Jona Lendering Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter ('the savior'): name of a Seleucid king, ruled from 281 to 261. Successor of: Seleucus I Nicator Relatives: Father: Seleucus I Nicator Coin of Antiochus I Soter Mother: Apame I, daughter of Spitamenes (Museum of Anatolian Wife: Stratonice I (his stepmother), daughter of Demetrius Civilizations, Ankara) Poliorcetes Children: Seleucus Laodice Apame II (married to Magas of Cyrene) Stratonice II (married to Demetrius II of Macedonia) Antiochus II Theos Main deeds: 301: Present during the Battle of Ipsus 294/293: marriage with his father's wife Stratonice I 292: made co-regent and satrap of Bactria (perhaps Seleucus was thinking of the ancient Achaemenid office of mathišta) Stay in Babylon (on several occasions?), where he showed an interest in the cults of Sin and Marduk, and in the rebuilding of the Esagila and Etemenanki September 281: death of Seleucus (more...); accession of Antiochus; Philetaerus of Pergamon buys back Seleucus' corpse 280-279: Brief war against Ptolemy II Philadelphus (First Syrian War, first part); Cappadocia becomes independent when its leader Ariarathes II and his ally Orontes III of Armenia defeat the Seleucid general Amyntas 279: Intervention in Greece: soldiers sent to Thermopylae to fight against the Galatians; they are defeated 275 Successful "Elephant Battle" against the Galatians; they enter his army as mercenaries; Antiochus is called Soter, 'victor' 274-271: Unsuccessful war against Ptolemy (First Syrian War, second part) 268: Stay in Babylonia; rebuilding of the Ezida in Borsippa 266: Execution of his son Seleucus 263: Eumenes I of Pergamon, successor of Philetaerus, declares himself independent 262: Antiochus defeated by Eumenes Page 1 Antiochus I Soter 262: Antiochus defeated by Eumenes Dies 2 June 261 Succeeded by: Antiochus II Theos Sources: During Antiochus' years as crown prince, he played a large role in Babylonian policy. -
2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
Ancient Babylon: from Gradual Demise to Archaeological Rediscovery
Dr. J. Paul Tanner Daniel: Introduction Archaeol. Rediscovery of Babylon Appendix P Ancient Babylon: From Gradual Demise To Archaeological Rediscovery by Dr. J. Paul Tanner INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Neo-Babylonian Empire was founded under the rule of Nabopolassar (Nabu-apla-usur), who reigned from 626-605 BC . For several hundred years prior to his rule, the Babylonians had been a vassal state under the rule of the Assyrians to the north. In fact Babylon had suffered destruction upon the order of the Assyrian king Sennacherib in 689 BC .1 Following the death of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in 627 BC , however, the Assyrian Empire rapidly decreased in power until finally in 612 BC the great city of Nineveh was defeated by the combined forces of the Babylonians, Medes and Scythians. A relief from the palace of Ashurbanipal (669-627 BC ) at Kuyunjik (i.e., Nineveh). The king pours a libation over four dead lions before an offering table and incense stand. 1 Klengel-Brandt points out that the earliest mention of the tower (or ziggurat) in a historical inscription comes from the records of Sennacherib, in which he claims to have destroyed Esagila and the temple tower (Eric M. Meyers, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997), s.v. "Babylon," by Evelyn Klengel-Brandt, 1:251. Sennacherib's son, Esarhaddon (r. 680-669 BC ), rescinded his father's policy and undertook the rebuilding of Babylon (though retaining the image of Marduk in Assyria that Sennacherib had removed). May 14, 2002 App. -
From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies. -
2008: 137-8, Pl. 32), Who Assigned Gateway XII to the First Building
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 29 November 2019 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Osborne, J. and Harrison, T. and Batiuk, S. and Welton, L. and Dessel, J.P. and Denel, E. and Demirci, O.¤ (2019) 'Urban built environments of the early 1st millennium BCE : results of the Tayinat Archaeological Project, 2004-2012.', Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research., 382 . pp. 261-312. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1086/705728 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2019 by the American Schools of Oriental Research. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;BASOR_Master_revised.docx URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS OF THE EARLY FIRST MILLENNIUM BCE: RESULTS OF THE TAYINAT ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROJECT, 2004-2012 ABSTRACT The archaeological site of Tell Tayinat in the province of Hatay in southern Turkey was the principal regional center in the Amuq Plain and North Orontes Valley during the Early Bronze and Iron Ages. -
The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge Between Babylon and Uruk
chapter 4 The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge between Babylon and Uruk John M. Steele 1 Introduction Substantial numbers of Late Babylonian cuneiform tablets containing astro- nomical and astrological texts have only been found at two sites in Mesopo- tamia: Babylon and Uruk. Between four-and-a-half and five thousand tablets covering the complete range of observational, predictive, and mathematical astronomy, celestial divination, and astrology are known from Babylon. The number of astronomical tablets that have been recovered from Uruk is smaller, numbering approximately two hundred and fifty, but covers the same range of genres of astronomy as the tablets from Babylon. By contrast, only a handful of astronomical tablets have been found at other Late Babylonian sites—less than ten each from Nippur, Sippar and Ur. Whether this reflects a lack of astronom- ical activity in these cities or simply that the archives containing astronomical texts have not been discovered remains an open question.1 The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between astronomy at Babylon and Uruk during the Achaemenid and Seleucid periods: Did astro- nomical knowledge and/or astronomical texts circulate between Babylon and Uruk?2 If so, did that knowledge travel in both directions or only from one city to another? Were there local traditions of astronomical practice in these two cities? In order to answer these questions I compare the preserved examples 1 For simplicity, throughout this article I will generally use “astronomy” and “astronomical texts” to refer to all branches of astronomy and astrology. 2 The circulation of astronomical knowledge and the circulation of astronomical texts are related but not identical processes. -
Biblical Turkey
Biblical Turkey A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor ISBN: 9786054701483 (pb) by Mark Wilson PRICE: DESCRIPTION: $39.95 (pb) Biblical Turkey has become the authoritative and comprehensive guide to the ancient Jewish and Christian sites in Turkey. It includes all the references to cities, regions, provinces, and natural PUBLICATION DATE: features in the Jewish Bible/Old Testament, Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals, New Testament, and 30 July 2014 (pb) Apostolic Fathers. Special features include Sidetrips, which point to nearby sites that are also of interest to visitors. The In-Sites help readers to read between the lines for special insights into the BINDING: biblical text. In the Ancient Voice section, writers from antiquity speak about the ancient world of Asia Paperback Minor. Colorful photographs and plans of selected sites illustrate the volume. The third edition incorporates fresh archaeological discoveries including the new excavation at Derbe. Also added is a SIZE: new section on Calneh (Tell Tayinat) and its sister site Alalakh (Tell Atchana). 5 x8 TABLE OF CONTENTS: PAGES: Author's Introduction General Introduction Abbreviations Maps Turkey's Seven Regions with Biblical 400 Sites Jewish Communities in Asia Minor Paul's Anatolian Journeys John's Seven Churches of Asia Peter's Communities Chapter 1: East Region (Dogu Anadolu Bolgesi) Natural Sites Mount Ararat ILLUSTRATIONS: (Agri Dag) Euphrates River Tigris River Ancient Voice: The Gilgamesh Epic Ancient Regions Ararat, col illus. Urartu Togarmah Ancient Cities Tushpa -
“Going Native: Šamaš-Šuma-Ukīn, Assyrian King of Babylon” Iraq
IRAQ (2019) Page 1 of 22 Doi:10.1017/irq.2019.1 1 GOING NATIVE: ŠAMAŠ-ŠUMA-UKĪN, ASSYRIAN KING OF BABYLON By SHANA ZAIA1 Šamaš-šuma-ukīn is a unique case in the Neo-Assyrian Empire: he was a member of the Assyrian royal family who was installed as king of Babylonia but never of Assyria. Previous Assyrian rulers who had control over Babylonia were recognized as kings of both polities, but Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s father, Esarhaddon, had decided to split the empire between two of his sons, giving Ashurbanipal kingship over Assyria and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn the throne of Babylonia. As a result, Šamaš-šuma-ukīn is an intriguing case-study for how political, familial, and cultural identities were constructed in texts and interacted with each other as part of royal self- presentation. This paper shows that, despite Šamaš-šuma-ukīn’s familial and cultural identity as an Assyrian, he presents himself as a quintessentially Babylonian king to a greater extent than any of his predecessors. To do so successfully, Šamaš-šuma-ukīn uses Babylonian motifs and titles while ignoring the Assyrian tropes his brother Ashurbanipal retains even in his Babylonian royal inscriptions. Introduction Assyrian kings were recognized as rulers in Babylonia starting in the reign of Tiglath-pileser III (744– 727 BCE), who was named as such in several Babylonian sources including a king list, a chronicle, and in the Ptolemaic Canon.2 Assyrian control of the region was occasionally lost, such as from the beginning until the later years of Sargon II’s reign (721–705 BCE) and briefly towards the beginning of Sennacherib’s reign (704–681 BCE), but otherwise an Assyrian king occupying the Babylonian throne as well as the Assyrian one was no novelty by the time of Esarhaddon’s kingship (680–669 BCE). -
Xerxes and the Tower of Babel A
44 Xerxes and the Tower of Babel A. R. George The French excavations at Susa, led by Introduction Jacques de Morgan at the turn of the nine- Among the great sites of ancient Persia the teenth century, uncovered the citadel, pal- best known to visitors to Iran are certainly aces and temples of Achaemenid and Elamite Persepolis and Pasargadae in the province of kings. On the citadel (today often termed Fars, with their wonderful ruins of stone pal- the acropolis) they also turned up an abun- aces and tombs built by the kings Cyrus and dance of important ancient artefacts, includ- Darius. A less prominent place on the itiner- ing many not of local origin but from Susa’s ary of archaeological sites is occupied by the western neighbours in Mesopotamia (Harper ancient city of Susa in the plain of Khuzistan. 1992). Foremost among these were stone mon- Susa is its Greek name; the Elamites called it uments of the Old Akkadian kings, Sargon, Shushun, the Babylonians knew it as Shushin, Manishtushu and Naram-Sîn, published by later Shushi(m) and Shushan, the Achaemenid Fr Vincent Scheil in early volumes of Mémoires Persians as Shusha. Its present name, Shush-i de la Délégation en Perse. The best known of Daniel, combines the ancient toponym with them is certainly the great limestone stele of that of the prophet Daniel, who (legend has it) Naram-Sîn that depicted this king’s defeat of saw in Shushan a vision of a ram and a goat that the mountain-dwelling Lullubi people and was foretold the eclipse of Persia by Alexander of originally set up in Sippar on the Euphrates Macedon. -
Communicating Power in the Bīt-Ḫilāni Palace
Communicating Power in the Bīt-Ḫilāni Palace James F. Osborne Department of Near Eastern Studies Johns Hopkins University Gilman Hall 117 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 [email protected] Little is known about how the Syro-Anatolian kingdoms of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern Iron Age (ca. 1200–720 B.C.E.) operated politically. This paper examines the nature and extent of royal political authority in one such kingdom, the city-state known as Patina, and its capital city of Kunulua. Political power in Patina is studied through space syntax analysis of Kunulua’s bītḫilāni palace, and through interpretation of the iconography that was used to portray palace furniture. Historical inscriptions and works of art made in the neighboring Assyrian Empire, with whom the Syro-Anatolian city-states had a great deal of cultural and political interaction, provide the bulk of our information regarding the visual makeup of the accoutrements within the bītḫilāni. The architectural form of Kunulua’s palace, and the furniture and objects that populated it, are shown to have been conceived together as a coherent and totalizing message empha- sizing the legitimacy and power of the king. introduction the Tigris River to the east, whose capital cities of Nimrud, Khorsabad, and Nineveh provide us with uring the first centuries of the first millennium vivid textual and visual evidence for the interaction B.C.E., the northeast corner of the Mediter of the two cultures (fig. 1). Despite the large amount D ranean Sea was surrounded by a collection of historical information, as well as over a century of of small kingdoms that stretched from southern Cap archaeological excavation in the area, the political padocia to the northern Levant, and from Cilicia to processes that characterized SyroAnatolian mechan the Jazira.