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Report of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters In UNODC/SUBCOM/53/6 26 November 2018 Original: English* Report of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East on its fifty-third session, held in Baku from 19 to 23 November 2018* I. Matters calling for action by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs or brought to its attention A. Recommendations adopted by the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East at its fifty-third session 1. At its fifty-third session, the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East adopted the recommendations set forth below, which were drawn up by its working groups. For the observations and conclusions of the working groups that led to the recommendations, see chapter VI below. 1. Countering money-laundering, illicit financial flows and the use of the darknet and cryptocurrencies in relation to the drug trade 2. The following recommendations were made with regard to countering money-laundering, illicit financial flows and the use of the darknet and cryptocurrencies in relation to the drug trade: (a) Governments are encouraged to introduce and/or duly enforce regulations requiring parallel financial investigations at the national and international levels linked to serious drug- and precursor-related cases based on their national legislation; (b) Governments should consider developing, or acquiring, and implementing basic training programmes for law enforcement agencies on the topics of money-laundering and the use of cryptocurrencies and the darknet for the illicit drug trade; (c) Governments are encouraged to establish or strengthen within the appropriate agency a core unit tasked with combating the new and emerging threat of the darknet and cryptocurrencies; (d) Governments should ensure cooperation at both the national and international levels through the exchange of information for the investigation of money-laundering and illicit financial flows related to drug and precursor trafficking. __________________ * Available only in Arabic, English and Russian, which are the working languages of the subsidiary body. V.18-08062 (E) *1808062* UNODC/SUBCOM/53/6 2. Countering trafficking in precursors, including non-scheduled chemicals, and the threat posed by synthetic drug trends, including new psychoactive substances, and responses 3. The following recommendations were made with regard to countering trafficking in precursors, including non-scheduled chemicals, and the threat posed by synthetic drug trends, including new psychoactive substances, and responses: (a) Governments should consider establishing national early warning systems involving law enforcement, health agencies and legislative bodies to monitor the appearance of emerging drugs used in the country, in order to reduce the information gaps and assist in the legislative process, while taking advantage of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) early warning advisory on new psychoactive substances and ensuring the exchange of relevant information at the national and regional levels; (b) Governments are encouraged to increase the capacity of their front-line officers and forensic laboratories in order to better identify new psychoactive substances while taking advantage of tools made available by UNODC; (c) Governments are encouraged to communicate incidents involving new psychoactive substances through the Project Ion Incident Communication System (IONICS) and to provide each other with the support necessary to facilitate their investigations; (d) Governments should take measures to ensure that shipments in international legitimate trade that are refused or stopped receive the same attention and are investigated in the same manner as shipments that are seized, with a view to obtaining actionable intelligence to prevent future diversion elsewhere; (e) Governments are encouraged to strengthen their capacities and timely information exchange to counter the flow of precursor chemicals that are suspected of diversion, through the use of mechanisms of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), existing regional platforms, including the Joint Planning Cell and the Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors (CARICC), and bilateral and multilateral cooperation; (f) The international community is requested to assist transit countries neighbouring Afghanistan to increase their capacities, based on the principle of common and shared responsibility. 3. Connecting regional cooperation centres for the exchange of information 4. The following recommendations were made with regard to connecting regional cooperation centres for the exchange of information: (a) Governments are encouraged to make use of international and regional platforms, such as CARICC, the Criminal Intelligence Centre to Combat Drugs of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Joint Planning Cell, for the timely exchange of criminal intelligence on the diversion of precursor chemicals and the coordination of multilateral operations targeting drug trafficking and related illicit financial flows; (b) Governments concerned should encourage centres, such as CARICC, the Criminal Intelligence Centre to Combat Drugs of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Joint Planning Cell, to develop and utilize informal operating procedures on the exchange of information and to implement operational requests; (c) Governments should consider making use of the network of liaison officers and establish corresponding national focal points for the exchange of strategic information and real-time intelligence; (d) UNODC is requested to provide further technical assistance to the existing regional platforms in order to enhance their effectiveness. 2/13 V.18-08062 UNODC/SUBCOM/53/6 4. Developing and implementing comprehensive and sustainable alternative development programmes 5. The following recommendations were made with regard to developing and implementing comprehensive and sustainable alternative development programmes: (a) Governments should develop and implement long-term alternative development programmes for communities in rural areas affected by illicit cultivation of drug crops, with the aim of alleviating poverty and reducing the illicit cultivation of such crops; (b) Governments should strengthen subregional, regional and international cooperation to implement comprehensive, sustainable and action-oriented alternative development programmes, based on the principle of common and shared responsibility and supported by enhanced and better coordinated financial and technical assistance; (c) Governments should increase the exchange of information, best practices and lessons learned in the field of alternative development; (d) Long-term and flexible funding should be provided for alternative development programmes in Afghanistan and neighbouring countries, including by donors, relevant international financial institutions and United Nations entities. II. Current situation with respect to regional and subregional cooperation 6. At its 1st meeting, on 19 November 2018, the Subcommission considered item 3 of its agenda, entitled “Current situation with respect to regional and subregional cooperation”. For its consideration of the item, the Subcommission had before it two reports of the Secretariat, entitled “World situation with regard to drug trafficking” (E/CN.7/2018/5) and “Current situation with respect to regional and subregional cooperation” (UNODC/SUBCOM/53/3). In addition, national country reports had been submitted by Egypt, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UNODC/SUBCOM/53/CRP.1–10). 7. A representative of UNODC made a presentation on regional and global drug production and trafficking trends. Statements were made by the representatives of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan. A representative of CARICC also made a statement. 8. Speakers reported on the main challenges posed by narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to their countries and provided updates on their efforts to counter them at the national, regional and international levels. 9. Several speakers noted the recent increase in opium production in Afghanistan, which posed a threat to the economies of countries in the region and to peace and security in the region and beyond. That increased production also resulted in increased trafficking in heroin along the Balkan, southern and northern routes. One speaker reported that an increase in supply along the Caucasus segment of the Balkan route had been observed. Some countries were disproportionately affected by drug trafficking because of their geographic location as transit countries. 10. The increase in the illicit production of opium in Afghanistan required a comprehensive approach, including the increased support of the international community to alternative development programmes. 11. The importance of cooperation among the countries concerned and of efforts to combat trafficking in opioids and precursor chemicals was stressed. In that regard, there was a need for the provision of technical assistance, training and border control equipment to the affected countries by the international community, in particular by V.18-08062 3/13 UNODC/SUBCOM/53/6 destination countries. Transit States should be provided with financial and
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