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Democracy Prevention: the Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance Jason Brownlee Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02571-4 - Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance Jason Brownlee Index More information Index 1956 War, 16 Afghanistan, 7, 64, 72, 78, 90.Seealso 1967 War, 15, 17, 20, 83, 164 Operation Enduring Freedom 1973 War, 6, 41 Soviet invasion and occupation of, 38, differences in Syrian and Egyptian 48, 59 goals, 20–21 U.S. fighting in, 8.SeealsoOperation Abbas, Mahmoud, 88, 99, 101, 117, Enduring Freedom 132, 133, 164 U.S. missile strikes upon, 64 confrontation with Hamas, 113–114 aid, 2, 7, 52, 55, 75, 76, 117, 131, 176, supported by Egypt, 112, 119, 131 205, 225, 245.Seealsoeconomic Abdel Fatah, Israa, 128, 129, 228 support funds, foreign military Abdel Rahman, Omar, 60, 63 financing, Public Law 480 Aboul Gheit, Ahmed, 91, 102, 110, 131, “endowment” proposal for, 135, 225 135 “glide path” reductions of, 67, 96 Abrams, Elliott, 70, 82–83, 118 2006 congressional attempt at as “democracy czar”, 89 reducing, 112 on Bush-Mubarak rift, 86 as contributing to robust on democracy promotion, 89, 91, 101, authoritarianism, 11–12 108 as lever of democracy promotion, 8 on Gamal Mubarak, 220 as lever on Egyptian antismuggling on Mubarak’s visit to Crawford, efforts, 13, 99, 116–117 84–85 as undisturbed by bilateral tensions, work in Reagan administration, 51, 144, 165, 166, 167 210 during Sadat presidency, 23, 24, 40 Abu Abbas, 50 limits upon for funding NGOs in Abu Ghazala, Mohamed, 45, 53–54 Egypt, 67, 110, 135–136 Abu Mazen.SeeAbbas, Mahmoud linked to Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, Achille Lauro hijacking, 49–51, 53, 83 35, 36 Al-Adly, Habib, 136, 143 national security waiver of conditions dismissal of, 145 on, 119–120, 121, 224 initial focus of 2011 uprising upon, political conditioning of, 8, 16–18, 98, 143 109, 119, 175 267 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02571-4 - Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance Jason Brownlee Index More information 268 Index Airborne Warning and Control System Badawi, Sayed, 243 (AWACS), 45 Badr, Zaki, 60 AKP.SeeJustice and Development Party Badrawi, Hossam, 123 (AKP) Bahrain Albania, 64 2011 uprising in, 166, 170 Alexandria, Egypt, 18, 49, 94, 133, 140, U.S military assistance to, 118 141, 144, 152, 161, 197 Baker, Jim, 57, 59, 199 Algeria, 101 Balaguer, Joaquın,´ 5, 187 1991 elections in, 58–59 Bandar bin Sultan, 39 Alliance for Progress, 180 Barak, Ehud, 119, 133 American University in Cairo (AUC) Camp David II participation of, 64 attitudes of students towards Baring, Evelyn, 176 Egyptian-Israeli peace, 29 bases, 36, 38, 57, 78.Seealsobasing Condoleezza Rice’s 2005 speech at, 92 rights Ammar, Rachid, 142, 168, 171 basing rights, 38, 71.Seealsobases Annapolis, Maryland conference, 118, al-Bastawisi Hisham, 107 119 Begin, Menachem, 14, 29, 40 April 6 Movement, 128–129, 133, 139, and completion of Egyptian-Israeli 140, 152 peace treaty, 36 role in 2011 uprising, 142, 156 annexation of Golan Heights by, 46 Arab League, 35, 37, 48, 57, 74 at Camp David, 31–32, 33–34 Arab Socialist Union (ASU), 19 attitude of toward West Bank, 28, 34, Arafat, Yasser, 64, 118 39 as PLO leader, 47 Jerusalem invitation for Sadat of, marginalized by George W. Bush, 28 73–75 Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine Armitage, Richard, 76, 87 called “dictator” by Obama, 143 arms sales, 25, 27, 29, 35, 36, 51, 118, independence of Tunisian armed forces 166, 180, 186, 196, 201 from, 168 cancelled by Khomeini, 189 overthrow of, 142, 167, 170 proposed by Nixon to Sadat, 22 White House response to uprising al-Assad, Hafez.See1973 War against, 169–170 Assiut, Egypt, 161 Berkley, Shelley, 102 assumptions, 9–10 Biden, Joe, 143, 144, 149 Al Aswany, Alaa, 235 Blair, Tony, 80 Atherton, Alfred Leroy, Jr., 46 Bosch, Juan, 5 Atta, Mohammed, 70, 72, 76 Bouazizi, Mohamed, 142, 165 authoritarianism, 72, 95, 177 Bourguiba, Habib, 168 compatibility of with U.S. interests, Bright Star.SeeOperation Bright Star 9–10, 79, 154 Brooke Amendment, 55 competitive, 173 Brown, Harold, 7, 35–36 in Egypt, challenged by 2011 uprising, Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 33, 36, 39 13, 123–124, 172 Bush, George H. W., 4, 56–58, in Egypt, guaranteeing Egyptian-Israeli 59 peace treaty, 13 Bush, George W., 69–70, 76, 90, 124, in Egypt, persistence of after 2011 131, 132 uprising, 155–162 democracy promotion of, 8, 13, 72, international dimensions of, 4, 6, 80–81, 87, 89, 93, 96, 101, 122, 172–173, 175–176, 181, 182, 183 126 theories of durability of, 3, 10, Iraq War arguments of, 78–79, 80, 123–124, 171, 174, 179 103–104 Aznar, JoseMar´ ıa,´ 80 key speeches of, 74, 80–81, 89, 125 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02571-4 - Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance Jason Brownlee Index More information Index 269 meeting of, with Gamal Mubarak, repression of demonstrations by, 54, 107–108 79, 143 meeting of, with Hisham Kassem, riots of, 53–54 125–126 Chad opposition to, in Egypt, 80, 86, 91, Sadat’s role in thwarting Soviet 104, 126 intervention in, 193 policies of, toward Palestinian Chalabi, Ahmad, 78 Authority, 75, 83, 85, 117–118 Cheney, Dick, 57, 76, 78, 95, policy of, toward Hamas-led 107 government, 99–101, 113–114 Cheney, Elizabeth, 76, 89, 93 rejection of Arafat by, 74–75 Chile, 4 relationship of, with Mubarak, 73, 74, Christians, Egyptian.SeeCoptic 84–86, 91, 93, 118, 126, 227 Christians U.S.-Egyptian relations during “clash of civilizations,” 199 presidency of, 69, 133 Clinton, Bill, 60, 61, 64, 75 War on Terror of, 70–71 antiterrorism efforts of, 63–64 peace diplomacy of, 64–65 Cairo University, 134 Clinton, Hillary, 133, 144 Camp David Accords, 33–35 Arab uprisings statements of, 143, Egyptian opposition’s criticism of, 40 148, 244 reactions to, 35 “orderly transition” advocated by, Camp David negotiations 144 1978, 31–34, 36–37 Coalition for the Immediate 2000, 64–65 Disarmament of Iraq, 208 Carter, Jimmy, 25, 27–30, 39, 40, 96, “Coalition of the Willing.” See Coalition 134, 154 for the Immediate Disarmament of and Camp David summit, 31–34 Iraq and Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, 7, Cohen, William, 65, 196 14, 36 Cold War, 44, 47 and Iran, 7, 35, 37–38 end of, 56 approach of, to negotiations between importance of, for U.S.-Egyptian Begin and Sadat, 26, 28, 31–32, relations, 15, 43 33–34, 36 pattern of U.S. support for autocracies confronted by Mohammed Ibrahim during, 4 Kamel, 32–33 Cole, USS, 64 democracy promotion of, 4, 96, 188 conditionality, 109, 115, 120, 167, doctrine of, 7, 38 175 friendship of, with Sadat, 26, 33 waiver of, 99 human rights policies of, 26–27, 42 Congress, United States.Seeaid; names response of, to Soviet invasion of of individual representatives Afghanistan, 38 constitution, Egyptian, 148 Casey, William, 44 2007 amendments to, 124 Castro, Fidel, 4 2011 amendments to, 156 causation, constitutive, 4, 10, 179 amendment to article 76 of, 90 Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.), 80, article 2 provisions of, 40, 157 146.Seealsorendition, assembly selection for writing new, extraordinary 160 cooperation of, with Egypt on military prerogatives potentially renditions, 13, 63–64, 71 enshrined in, 158 surprised by events in Egypt, 44, 146 of 1971, 19 Central Security Forces (CSF), Egyptian, rights guarantees lacking in, 158 18, 41, 137, 161 suspension of, by the SCAF, 151 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02571-4 - Democracy Prevention: The Politics of the U.S.-Egyptian Alliance Jason Brownlee Index More information 270 Index Consultative Assembly, Egyptian, 124, Dunne, Michele, 8, 70, 72, 73, 106, 160, 190 135 Cook, Steven, 8 Duvalier, Franc¸ois, 18 Coptic Christians, 41, 141 post-Mubarak insecurity of, economic support funds, 42, 52, 67, 76, 159 110, 111, 119, 131, 135, 224 Council on Foreign Relations, Egyptian Movement for Change.See 154 Kefaya Crawford, Texas, 84–85 Egyptian Television and Radio Union. Croatia, 64 See Maspero Cromer.SeeBaring, Evelyn Eilts, Herman, 22, 28, 31 Cuba, 125 Eissa, Ibrahim, 129 El Salvador, 4 Dahlan, Mohammed, 113, 115 ElBaradei, Mohamed, 139–141 debt, 24, 52, 55, 57, 58, 131, 135, El-Bishry, Tarek, 156, 159 199 election monitoring, 172 democracy, 104, 126, 164, 176, 182, elections, 9, 91, 157, 175, 179.Seealso 204, 205, 209, 214 plebiscites, Egyptian; referenda, Egyptians’ struggle to establish, 18, Egyptian 150, 167 Algerian legislative, of 1991, 58–59 Islamist participation in, 10, 59, Dominican Republic presidential, of 100 1978, 4, 187 Mubarak’s remarks on, 67, 75, 144 Egyptian municipal, of 2006, 107 outranked by security in U.S. priorities, Egyptian municipal, of 2008, 130 12, 61, 77, 92, 96, 101, 154, 165 Egyptian parliamentary, of 1976, 24 democratic peace, 61 Egyptian parliamentary, of 1979, 37 Democratic Republic of Congo.SeeZaire Egyptian parliamentary, of 1984 and democratization, 5, 6, 14, 69, 77, 168, 1987, 54 173, 223 Egyptian parliamentary, of 1990, 59 Department of Defense, United States Egyptian parliamentary, of 1995, 62 1973 War role of, 21 Egyptian parliamentary, of 2000, 75, 2011 Egyptian uprising role of, 148 88 Egyptian assistance to, 13, 38, 51, 71, Egyptian parliamentary, of 2005, 79 94–95 September 11, 2001 attack on, Egyptian parliamentary, of 2010, 70 141 strategic divergence from Egyptian Egyptian parliamentary, of military, 120, 137 2011–2012, 161–162, 167 Department of State, United States, 55, Egyptian presidential, of 2005, 89–92, 72, 89, 113 93 creation of Middle East Partnership Egyptian
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