Geodesy Matters at Esri Melita Kennedy Thank You to Our Sponsors
GOLD SPONSORS
SILVER SPONSORS Map projections Our Map Projections
Aitoff Equidistant conic Mollweide Vertical near side perspective Albers Equidistant cylindrical Natural Earth Wagner IV Aspect-Adaptive Flat polar quartic Natural Earth II Wagner V Azimuthal equidistant Fuller New Zealand map grid Wagner VII Behrmann Gall stereographic Ney modified conic Winkel I Berghaus Star Gauss Kruger Orthographic Winkel II Bonne Geostationary Satellite Patterson Winkel Tripel Cassini Gnomonic (ellipsoidal) Plate Carree Compact Miller Goode Homolosine Polar Stereographic (A, B, C) Azimuthal equidistant auxiliary sphere Craster Parabolic Hammer-Aitoff Polyconic Eckert IV auxiliary sphere Cube Hotine oblique Mercator Quartic authalic (ellipsoidal) Eckert VI auxiliary sphere Cylindrical equal-area IGAC Plano Cartesiano Rectified skew orthomorphic Equidistant cylindrical auxiliary sphere Double stereographic Krovak Robinson Gnomonic auxiliary sphere Eckert Greifendorff Laborde oblique Mercator Sinusoidal Lambert azimuthal equal-area Eckert I Lambert azimuthal equal-area Stereographic auxiliary sphere Eckert II Lambert conformal conic Times Mercator auxiliary sphere Eckert III Local Transverse cylindrical equal-area Miller cylindrical auxiliary sphere Eckert IV Loximuthal Transverse Mercator Mollweide auxiliary sphere Eckert V Mercator (+ scale factor) Two point equidistant Orthographic auxiliary sphere Eckert VI Miller cylindrical Van der Grinten I Van der Grinten I auxiliary sphere
New projections
• Aspect-adaptive • Can finely control map height/width Geostationary satellite projection
• GOES weather satellites • Worked with raster team, NASA and NOAA personnel • 10.6.0/2.1 Interoperability
• Provided PROJ.4 and GDAL with updated WKT strings • Can read/write PROJ.4 strings Client-side projections
• ArcGIS API for JavaScript versions 4.7 and 3.24 • Perform projections and transformations in a browser • Improved performance—no calls to the geometry service • Equation-based transformations only • Web Assembly required Transformations Geographic and Vertical Two Kinds of Transformations
Geographic (datum) transformation
Vertical transformation Geographic (Datum) Transformation
NAD 1927 WGS 1984 NAD_1927_To_WGS_1984_1 Geographic (Datum) Transformation
NAD 1927 WGS 1984 NAD_1927_To_WGS_1984_1
NAD 1927 WGS 1984 ~NAD_1927_To_WGS_1984_1 Defined for Certain Area
• 33 transformations:
NAD 27
WGS 84 Geographic (Datum) Transformations
• Between two geographic coordinate systems:
Local Datum (D48)
Earth-centered (ETRS89)
Source: GURS Geographic (Datum) Transformations
• Multiple transformations
Local Datum (D48)
Earth-centered (ETRS89)
Source: GURS Geographic (Datum) Transformations
• Multiple transformations - Various areas, extents
Local Datum (D48)
Earth-centered (ETRS89)
Source: GURS Geographic (Datum) Transformations
• Multiple transformations - Various areas, extents - Different accuracies
Local Datum (D48)
Earth-centered (ETRS89)
Source: GURS Geographic (Datum) Transformations
• Multiple transformations - Various areas, extents - Different accuracies
Local Datum (D48)
Earth-centered (ETRS89)
Source: GURS How do I find transformations? Transformation List
• Envelope intersections - Geographic CS - Transformation - Data
Sources: GURS, EPSG Transformation List
• Envelope intersections - Geographic CS - Transformation - Data
Sources: GURS, EPSG Transformation List
• Envelope intersections - Geographic CS - Transformation - Data
Sources: GURS, EPSG Transformation List
• Envelope intersections - Geographic CS - Transformation - Data
Sources: GURS, EPSG Transformation List
• Envelope intersections • Accuracy
• Resource: EPSG
Sources: GURS, EPSG Vertical Coordinate System
Datum or Linear Unit Vertical Datum
Vertical Shift Direction The Origin for Height or Depth
Earth’s surface
Geometric model ellipsoid
Gravity related model
geoid The Origin for Height or Depth
• Ellipsoidal height (h) - Geometric datum - Must match GCS datum
• Gravity-related height (H) - Vertical datum, e.g. geoid Direction and Vertical Shift
• Direction - axis direction is positive for heights or depths • Vertical Shift - parameter for a built-in offset from the VCS definition Vertical Coordinate Systems
• 306 as of 10.6.0 / Pro 2.1
- NGVD29 - Malin Head - NAVD88 (m and US ft) - Dansk Normal Nul - NN2000 - HKPD / HKCD - Trieste - RH2000 - NZVD2009 - Constanta - EVRF 2007 - Moorea SAU 1981 - Newlyn - GHA - NAP - ellipsoidal height-based - AHD - etc. - CGVD 1928 Vertical Transformations
Ellipsoidal Heights (NAD83)
NAD_1983_To_NAVD88_ CONUS_GEOID12B_Height
Orthometric Heights (NAVD 88) Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between ellipsoidal and gravity GCS A / VCS 1 related heights • Used with GNSS Vertical transformation using geoid model
GCS A / VCS A Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two geographic coordinate systems • Heights are ellipsoidal
GCS A / VCS A GCS B / VCS B 3D Geog. Transformation Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two gravity-related heights GCS A / VCS 2
Vertical Transformation
GCS A / VCS 1 Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two gravity-related heights • May require interpolation GCS
GCS A / VCS 2
GCS A / VCS 1 Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two gravity related heights • May require interpolation GCS
GCS A / VCS 2
GCS A / VCS 1 GCS C / VCS 1 2D Geog. Transformation Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two gravity related heights • May require interpolation GCS
GCS A / VCS 2 GCS C / VCS 2
Vertical Transformation
GCS A / VCS 1 GCS C / VCS 1 2D Geog. Transformation Types of Vertical Transformations
• Between two gravity related heights • May require interpolation GCS
GCS A / VCS 2 GCS C / VCS 2 ~2D Geog. Transformation
Vertical Transformation
GCS A / VCS 1 GCS C / VCS 1 2D Geog. Transformation Transformation Paths
• Geographic: 2 steps • Vertical: 4 steps total - 2 geographic - 2 vertical Vertical Transformation Methods
Geoid models EGM2008 EGM84 and EGM96 GEOID12B JA, NZ, CH VERTCON
Vertical offset Vertical offset and slope Where can I use vertical transformations?
• ArcGIS Desktop - Project Tool—lookup table • ArcGIS Pro - Project Tool - Maps - Scenes – global have restricted VCS (WGS84 + EGM96 or 2008) - Web scene viewer and other applications • Raster support in ArcGIS Pro 2.2 • ExtractLAS tool ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data
• 1.5 GB additional data install
• GEOCON v1.0 - NAD 1983 HARN, NSRS2007, 2011 Geographic • NTv2 Transformations - Canada, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data
• VERTCON • GEOID12B • Geoids Vertical - Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland Transformations • EGM84 • EGM2008 (1′ x 1′, 2.5′ x 2.5′) What are we working on? New projections
• Peirce Quincuncial • Conformal • Tileable New projections
• Guyou • Conformal Projection Wizard
• Improve analysis results • Custom coordinate system designed for - Type of analysis - Data extent and location • Portal - Aggregate Points - Summarize Within • Geostatistical Analyst tools next
Adaptive Composite Map Projections (ACMP)
• Provided a version using sphere-based projections to Carto team • Customers can build an interactive multi-scale map using a customized map projections • Projection changes with scale, window size and map center
WKT2 support
• ISO 19162 compliant • Currently in GeoPackages
GEODCRS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1.0]]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1]], AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2]], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.01745329252], ID["EPSG",4326]] EPSG and data updates
• Update to current EPSG database - ITRF2014, Australia, Canada, AZ, OR, and WI, India, Highways England • Align more closely to EPSG database - Deprecation, areas of use, etc. • Transformations for epoch-specific WGS84 and NAD83 • Add more vertical transformations - Including unit and direction changes (mainly for USA) • Add geoid models for Japan, Canada, Australia, UK
Time-based transformations
• New 15 parameter geographic/datum transformation • Converts between two dynamic geodetic reference frames at a particular time Please Take Our Survey on the Esri Events App!
Download app Scroll down to Complete Find the event Select session feedback section and “Submit”
Vertical Transformations Demo Geographic (Datum) Transformations Demo